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P.4 COMPOSITION NOTES THIRD TERM

TOPIC:7
Expression Of The Future

Pre-Exercises
1. Vocabulary.

Tomorrow, shall, shall not, next week, will, will not, next year, shan’t, won’t

Construct sentences using the above words.

2. Make meaningful sentences from the substitution table.

I make a kite
We come with Tom tomorrow
You shall sleep on my bed next week
She will read my book next month
write letters
go to school

3.Use capital letters where they are needed.

1. tracy will buy a new ball
2, this is tom’s home.
3. birungi and tendo will go to entebbe tomorrow.
4. although I am hungry, i won’t go for lunch.
5. i shall be leaving for london next month.

4. Rearrange the following words to form good sentences.

1, tomorrow here my father will come.
2. go to India I shall next week.
3. will he visit us next time.
4. be what a girl beautiful will she !
5. me come with you will ?

5.Guided composition.

Use the following words to complete the story below.

butterfly, best, end, colours, shall, order, eats, gala, winner, fun.

Our swimming________is coming very soon. On that day, we__________

have a lot of fun. We shall participate in many activities like swimming and

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entertainment. Many children will swim breast stroke, ______________, front
crawl, backstroke, tunnel wave, dolphin and many other styles.

The teachers will be busy arranging for the competitions. They will strongly
support their __________. They will also ensure discipline and order. Our
parents will also have________. They will cheer up their children. They will buy
for them________, drinks and presents. At the _________, the Rector will
announce the results. The________ colour will celebrate. I think my colour will
emerge the ____of the trophy.

Written Activity.

F. 25th December 2015, will be Christmas Day. Explain the activities that will
take place before, during and after Christmas. Mention the people who will
do different activities.

Paragraph 1.Mention the day, day, date and where you will celebrate
Christmas from.
Paragraph 2.Mention the children in your family and say what each will do.
Paragraph 3.Mention the parents and other adults in your home and say
what each of them will do; father and mother. Talk about the things which
will be bought; eats and drinks.
Paragraph 4.Mention what other people (maids, drivers, uncles, aunties) will
do.
Paragraph 5.The games which will be played and places which the family
will visit. Why you think it will be a great season to enjoy.

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Lesson 2.

Keeping a diary.

Pre-Exercises
1. Vocabulary.
diary, date, time, calendar, month, note, day, year.

Match correctly.
diary ___________________________________________
date __________________________________________
day _______________________________________________
month _____________________________________________
year ______________________________________________
calendar ____________________________________________
time _______________________________________________

-a certain point in the day or night.

-a period of twenty four hours.
- a book for keeping records.
- list of the days, weeks and months of one year.
- a period of twelve months (365-366 days)
- the number of the day, month and year.
- one of the twelve parts of the year; about four weeks.

2. Structural pattern : What… /…very. ...

Examples.

a. You have a very big diary.

What a big diary you have!
b. This is a very peaceful year.
What a peaceful year this is!
c. I have very little time
What little time I have!
d. He is a very lucky boy.
What a lucky boy he is!
e. You are a very good man.
…………………………………
f. That basket is very heavy.
…………………………………

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4. Give the opposites of the following words.
1. proud_________ 2. hard_________ 3. beautiful_______
4. stronger________
5, thinnest _____ 6. good_________7. lucky_____
8. careless______
9. harmful________ 10. obedient________

Written Exercise
Rearrange to form good stories.

1. Others will be important information and secrets.

2. Some of them will be important dates.
3. In my diary. I will record many things.
4. My plan is to keep a diary.
5. I have a very good plan this year.

1. For doing very well in exams.

2. My diary is very beautiful.
3. It was given to me as a present.
4. To both my teachers and parents.
5. And being an obedient child.

Guided Composition.
Sasha and her friends toured western Uganda. This is part of their journey
which she recorded in her diary on Tuesday.

up, via, to, an, peak, swim, afternoon tip, part , than.

Wednesday:-
We all woke_________late so we couldn’t go _______ lake Mutanda. We had
a quick breakfast and set off for the Mufumbiro Mountain Range.
Muhavura is its highest _________. It is almost a thousand metres
lower_______Margherita and there is no snow on its_________. It was
once________ active volcano but now it’s extinct. From there we drove to
Masaka________Kabale, Mbarara and Rakai. We stopped at Lake Bunyonyi
for a _____; then we visited Lake Mburo National_____________ and spent the
rest of the _______at Lake Kijanebalola.

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Lesson 3.
Using study time (time-table)

Pre-Exercises
1. Vocabulary.
library, borrow, lend, revise, notes, notebook, textbook.

Construct meaningful sentences using some of the above words.

2. Pattern practice.

- usually –
- sometimes –

Examples.
a. I usually eat matooke
b. They usually come to school late.
c. We sometimes go home early.
d. He sometimes barks at me.
Construct more sentences like the examples.

3. Re-arrange to form good stories

(i) 1. I went to borrow a book.
2. But unfortunately
3. Yesterday, I was bored.
4. From the school library.
5. The library was closed.

(ii) 1. after drinking, I do my homework.

2. Finally, I arrange the books and go for supper.
3. Then I read other books.
4. I rest and have a drink.
5. Whenever I reach home.

4. Use the correct forms of the words in the brackets.

1. She often ___________at night. (cry)
2. They sometimes________football. (play)
3. We always ______________for home late. (leave)
4. Mummy usually ________with me. (read)
5. Kaaya rarely________to the library. (go)
6. I generally _____my work at night. (enjoy)
7. Do you normally _______your time table? (follow)

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Written Exercise

Jumbled Composition.

Rearrange the sentences to form a good story. Number your work.

1.There is always fun at the pool.

2. A time table is a list showing the times at which particular events will
happen.
3. We go for swimming.
4. In the first period, we do mixed corrections.
5. Our class has a time table.
6. After the mixed lesson, we learn mathematics.
7. On our class time table, there are ten periods.
8. So that we don’t lose marks.
9. The maths teacher always tells us to be neat.
10. When the maths lesson ends,

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TOPIC:8
DEMOCRACY

Sub Topic A: Games and Sports

Pre-Exercises
1. Vocabulary.
run football race long lose
jump netball throw kick support
play skip high with win first/last
coach umpire referee

Make correct words.

-hcaoc _________ - selo ___________
-niw __________ - umpire ________
-reca __________ - kkci __________
- mage _________ - referee ________
- portpus _________

2. Structures.

but/although

Examples.
(i) Our team was strong but it didn’t win.
* Although our team was strong, it didn’t win.
(ii) I am short but I can run fast.
* Although I am short, I can run fast.
(iii) We played hard but we did not score.
Although we played hard, we did not score.
(iv) Yvette is a good skipper but she wasn’t chosen.
Although Yvette is a good skipper, she wasn’t chosen.

3.Punctuation.
Use question marks or exclamation marks in the right places.
1. Where will the competition be held
2. Why do you play alone
3. Who has taken the trophy
4, What a strong team you have
5. What a fast referee he is
6. It’s very sad news
7. Wow

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4. Rearrange to make meaningful sentences.
1. popular football very is game a.
2. unfair was the referee very.
3. participated in I jumping.
4. athletes good all the were.
5. strong our had team players.
6. kick me to for hard too was ball the.
7. she ran so fast that she won the race.

5.Rewrite using :____so ____that_____

1. He ran very fast . He won the race.

2. We were very fit. We did not get tired.
3. Kose came late. He missed the match.
4. The field was very wet. The players kept on sliding .
5. The ball was very high. The goal keeper could not reach it.

Written Exercise
Discuss with your teacher and write a composition about your
Sports Day, 2013.
Paragraph 1.
Mention your class, school and house. Tell the term, date, and
place where the sports day was held.
Paragraph 2.Talk about the people who organized the sports
day(teachers, games master, headmaster, coaches and
colour leaders. The tools and equipment used(ropes, bicycles,
tyres, balls, hoops, etc,). The races and games which were
played.
Paragraph 3.
Talk about the colours which competed; the activities that
took place: music and entertainment, the band and
matching, the eats and drinks, the activities which you
participated in, the colour which won, the trophies which
were awarded, the parents and other visitors who came, etc.
Paragraph 4.Say how it ended and at what time, who the
winner was, why you were so happy or sad or tired or what
you enjoyed mostly.

Draw an interesting part of your story.

Lesson 5.
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Sub Topic B: Music , Dance & Drama.

Pre-Exercises
1. Vocabulary.
sing actor instruments recite, actress drama costume
festivals choir conductor rhyme, concert adjudicate, best/
worst.

Construct meaningful sentences using the words above.

2. prefer- to / likes __than__

Make sentences like the examples.

a. She likes dancing more than singing.

- She prefers dancing to singing.
b. I like rhymes more than poems.
- I prefer rhymes to poems.

3. Punctuation.
Put commas where they are needed.

1. I saw elephants giraffes lions and buffaloes when I visited the

game park.
2. If I see a snake I will shout.
3. When I was writing my hand started paining.
4. Although she is tired she wants to continue working.
5. Yes I love you.
6. No I don’t like gorillos you.
7. Having made a mistake Ogwel apologized to the teacher.

D. Rearrange the words to form meaningful sentences.

1. of piece this music like I.
2. artist my Juliana is best.
3. voice has she the best
4. acting do enjoy you ?
5, your daughter is what a good actress !
6. your concert will attend I.

4. Revision:

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Change into passive.
1. They are singing a song
A song is____________
2, We acted the play.
The play was_______
3. Namale played the piano.
The piano was_____
4. Mubiru will recite the poem.
The poem will be ______
5. Shakur plays the guitar.
The guitar is_____
6. Kakembo has used my costume.
My costume has_______

Written Exercise
Use the following words to complete the drama story below:

Beatrice, of, to, girl, ball, brother, drinks, love, prince, queen.

Patra was an orphan. She lived with her step mother, brother and
two sisters: ___________and Lilly. Although she was a very
beautiful _________, she was always in rags, hidden and given a
lot ______ house work. She never had chance to enjoy herself
with the rest of the village children.

One day, the king sent a message to all the people of Ogwendu
kingdom. His son was ______ get married and all the beautiful girls
in the kingdom were invited to the _______. The step sisters were
excited about the ball, the eats and the ________ that would be
served.

They bought expensive cloths and make up to beautify

themselves. They made life very hard for Patra. Luckily, the
________ and the godmother were supportive. They helped and
encouraged her to attend the ball. When the ______ saw her, he
fell in _________ with her. They later got married and became king
and __________ of Ogwendu kingdom.

Lesson 6
Sub Topic C: Elections.

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Pre-Exercises
1. Vocabulary.
vote, voter, ballot paper captain , elect, monitor, ballot box,
prefect, leader, poster, head boy, campaigning , post, head
girl,. election.

Use the correct forms of the words in the brackets.

1. The prefects elections were ____ in July. (hold)
2. All the _______were happy. (vote)
3. Damalie ________for headgirl ship. (stand)
4. Our president is a good_______(lead)
5, The elections won’t be________ (rig)
6. All the candidates are _________now. (compaign)
7. My friend was not ________into office. (vote)
8. How many ___________did you talk to ? (candidate)
9. The 1980 ___________ were rigged. (elect)

2. Structure:

Both ___________ and ________

Examples.
1. The headboy came late.
The headgirl came late.
* Both the head boy and the head girl came late.
2. The voters were tired . The candidates were tired.
3. Olive wants to be the headgirl.
Noella wants to be the headgirl.
4. Daniel won’t be elected.
Elvis won’t be elected.
5. The girl is campaigning.
The boy is campaigning.
6. Salome has many votes.
Gracia has many votes.
7. Museveni will stand for presidency .
Besigye will stand for presidency.
8. Antonia is a candidate.
Gracious is a candidate.

3. Rearrange to form a good story.

1. First, I lined up.
2. After writing the name,
3. It was my first time to vote.
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4. Then I moved to the last point.
5. At that point, I dipped my finger in ink.
6. On that day, I was very excited.
7. In the line, the teacher gave me a ballot paper.
8. He told me to write the name of my candidate on the ballot
paper.
9. I dropped the ballot paper in a ballot box.
10. To show that I had finished voting.

Written Exercise.
Guided Dialogue.

A pupil chatted with his teacher at lunch time. The teacher’s

words have been given. Fill in what you think were the pupil’s
words.
Pupil: _______________________________________________?
Teacher: Democracy is a system in which leaders are elected
by the people.
Pupil: _______________________________________________?
Teacher: Democracy promotes unity.
Pupil: _______________________________________________?
Teacher: Yes, it also promotes peace.
Pupil: _______________________________________________?
Teacher: Yes, Uganda is a democratic country.
Pupil: _______________________________________________?
Teacher: I am sure because our president and members of
parliament were elected by people.
Pupil: _______________________________________________?
Teacher: You can exercise democracy in your class by electing
the class prefect and taking part in making decisions.
Pupil: _______________________________________________?
Teacher: Yes, even homes need democracy.
Pupil: ________________________________________________?
Teacher: I teach social studies and Religious Education.
Pupil: ________________________________________________
Teacher: The advice I give you is always to be democratic to
avoid conflicts.
Pupil: ________________________________________________
Teacher: You are welcome.

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Lesson 7.
Picture Composition.

Carelessness

Pre-Exercises
1. Vocabulary.
telephone smoke
ring/rang burn/ burnt
cooking turn off
vegetables switch
chat/chatted pour
learn/learnt lesson

Fill in the missing letters.

- s - - ke
- le - - on
- p - ur
- s – it – h
- ri – g
- te – ep – on –
- ch – t
- v – g – t – bl - s

2. Structures.
Make sentences like the examples .
(a) While she was cooking, the phone rang.
(b) As I was dressing, the rain started.
(c) When Juliet was peeling, she cut herself.
(d) While mummy was chatting, the vegetables burnt.

3. Guided Composition.
Use the following words to complete the story below:

vegetables lesson telephone burn answer smoke burnt off

poured learnt

One evening, Mrs. Yang was cooking some _______ for dinner.
Suddenly, the _______rang. She left the vegetables and went to
_____the call. As they were still chatting, the vegetables began
to__________. Soon she saw_______ coming out of the kitchen.
She quickly turned_______ the switch and __________some water
into the wok. She threw away the ___________ vegetables,
scrubbed the wok and cooked the vegetable dish again. She
__________ learnt her_________.

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 Written Exercise.
Look at the pictures 1-6 and write a sentence about what is
happening in each picture. The following words may help you.

1. cooking, vegetables
2. telephone, has rung
3. chatting
4. burning, smoke
5. pouring, water
6, cooking, again.
Answer in full sentences.
7. Where is Mrs. Yang in picture 1?
8. Where did she go to receive the call?
9. Why couldn’t she notice that the vegetables were burning?
10. What do you learn from the story?

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GRAMMAR
LESSON 1
TOPIC: EXPRESSION OF THE FUTURE.
THE FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE
We use this tense when thinking or imagining an action or event that will take place at a point in
the future.
Guidelines for using this tense:
(i) The helping verbs used are “will” and “shall”.
(ii) We use “will” with pronouns he, she, they, you, it, plus singular and plural nouns.
(iii) We use “shall” with pronouns “I” and “we”
Examples:
Shall
1. I shall come back tomorrow.
2. We shall meet next week.
Will.
1. He will be punished next Monday.
2. They will eat potatoes.
3. Carol will get a prize.
4. The children will complete their work.
Another way of expressing the future is by using “going to”.
Examples:
1. I am going to buy a new book after classes.
2. Are they going to sweep the classroom in the evening?
EXERCISE.
Complete the following sentences using “will, “shall” and “going to”.
1. I ……………………………… pay you next week.
2. I ………………………………read a book tonight.
3. He ……………………………. leave for England on Tuesday.
4. This train ………………………take you to Lagos.
5. It is very cloudy and I am sure it ………………………. rain.
6. I ………………………. stay in this town for a month.
7. He ……………………… give you change if you ask him.
8. He ………………………. clean this bicycle in the evening
9. Tomorrow ………………… be the last day of the week.
10. The head teacher …………………… punish the boy if he is late again.
11. We …………………have more students in this school next tem.

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12. The train ………………….. arrive at the station at 2:00 o’clock.
13. The boy scouts ……………….. show you the way to their camp.
14. You …………………………… stand in a straight line.
15. She ……………………………… sit here until I call her.

References:
1. Revision English, New Edition, Ronald Forest, pages 17-18.
2. MK Precise English Grammar, pages 87-88
3. Living English Structure for schools pages, 70-71.

LESSON 2
THE NEGATIVE FORMS OF “WILL” AND “SHALL”.
Will will not (won’t)
Shall shall not (shan’t)
Examples:
1. I shall eat a mongo tomorrow. (+ve)
I shall not eat a mango tomorrow. (-ve).
In question forms, “shall” comes at the beginning of the question, e.g.
1. Shall we go to school tomorrow?
Yes, we shall go to school tomorrow.
No, we shall not go to school tomorrow.
In question forms, “will” also comes at the beginning of the question e.g.
1. Will Masaba come to school tomorrow?
Yes, Masaba will come to school tomorrow.
No, Masaba will not come to school tomorrow.

NB: A comma is needed after yes or no answers.

EXERCISE:
(A). Re-write the sentences below using ……………shall not ……....or will not ……….
1. He will lend me the money.
2. We shall write letters next week.
3. She will leave tomorrow.
4. They will grow beans in their garden.
5. They will learn French next term.
6. You will see him later.
7. The children will complete their work on Tuesday.
8. I shall meet him in the afternoon.
9. You will have it back tomorrow.

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10. We shall eat them all.
11. We shall talk to them about it.
12. Jordan will sell his house next year.
(B). Give “Yes” and “No” answers to the questions below.
13. Will Musa go to Nairobi tomorrow?
(i) Yes, …………………….
(ii) No, …………………………………………………………
14. Shall we have lunch early tomorrow?
(i) Yes, ……………
(ii) No, …………………
15. Will he stay with us next term?
(i) Yes, ………………..
(ii) No, ……………………
16. Shall we prepare the garden for the next season?
(i) Yes, …………………….
(ii) No, ……………………….
Ref:
(i) Living Eng. Structure for schools, pages 70-72
(ii) MK Precise Eng. Gram; pages 87-88

LESSON 3:
THE FUTURE SIMPLE TENSE
Completing sentences with “will” and “shall” with given verbs.
Examples:
1. Sylvia ………………………. a prize next year. (get)
Sylvia will get a prize next year.
2. We ………………… in the afternoon. (meet)
We shall meet in the afternoon.
3. The girls …………… netball next month. (play)
The girls will play netball next month.

EXERCISE:
Use the verbs in brackets to complete each of the following sentences in the future simple tense.
1. Joan …………………………. us next Sunday. (visit)
2. Mother ………………………. care of our uncle’s wife. (take)
3. I ……………………….. my homework after supper. (do)
4. The students ……………… harder next term. (work)
5. We …………….. the village meeting. (attend)

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6. I …………………. that place next week. (leave)
7. The baby ………………. with the maid. (stay)
8. I …………………… my final exam next year. (sit)
9. We …………………. some beans tomorrow. (buy)
10. The farmer ……………………… the seeds next week. (sow)
11. We ……………………. many questions when he comes. (ask)
12. My father ………………….. a present to the bride. (send)
13. She ……………….. all our meals on Friday. (prepare)
14. Adriko……………………… his bicycle after school. (ride)
15. The sky ………………….. before dawn. (clear)
Ref:
1. MK Precise Eng. Grammar; pages 87-88
2. Junior English Composition and Grammar, New Edition, pages 31-32.
3. Revision English New Edition, Ronald Forest, pages 17-18.

WEEK 4
LESSON 1
THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE
This tense is used when saying or writing about an event that will be taking place for a period of
time in the future.
We use the helping verbs “will be” or “shall be”, plus a main verb ending in the “……….ing” form.

Examples:
1. We shall be leaving for Nairobi next week.
2. The teacher will be marking our books in the evening.
3. They ………… for a walk after lunch. (go)
They will be going for a walk after lunch.
4. She …………….. her clothes with her. (bring)
She will be bringing her clothes with her.
EXERCISE:
Change the verbs in brackets into the future continuous tense.
1. They …………………. the zoo at the end of third term. (visit)
2. Our class meeting ……………………….. place in the evening. (take)
3. The bus …………………….. at exactly 7:00am tomorrow. (leave)
4. We ……………….. a lot of work next week. (do)
5. I ……………………… my parents during the holidays. (help)
6. The doctor…………………….. the patients after lunch. (treat).
7. We ………………….. the concert next year. (enjoy)

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8. Anita ………………….. in that house next month.
9. Father …………………. chicken when he comes. (buy)
10. The boy …………………he blackboard after the lesson. (clean)
11. They ……………………. a picnic in the afternoon. (have)
12. I ……………………..here till Sunday evening. (stay)
13. The postman …………. soon. (come)
14. He ………………. us next week. (meet)
15. I suppose that it …………………. In December. (rain)
Ref:
1. High school English Grammar and Composition, Wren and Martin, pages 75-77.
2. Basic English Grammar, Primary 4-5, Harbans Kair, Book 3 pages 87-89.
3. MK Precise English. Grammar, pages 89

LESSON 2
THE PASSIVE VOICE IN THE FUTURE SIMPLE
The passive voice in the future simple is used in the order below.
Will be
Shall + past participle form of the verb
Examples:
1. The woman will dig the garden tomorrow.
The garden will be dug by the woman tomorrow. (Passive)
2. Okoth will play football tomorrow. (active)
Football will be played by Okoth tomorrow. (Passive)
3. They will guide us. (Active)
We shall be guided by them. (Passive)
4. He will learn English. (Active)
English will be learnt by him. (Passive)

EXERCISE
Change the following sentences into the passive voice in the future simple.
1. They will take the ball.
2. He will beat us.
3. We will carry it.
4. I will answer many questions.
5. They will sweep it.
6. He will learn science.
7. Fred will guide us.
8. She will write to her.

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9. The teacher will write to the children.
10. The hairdresser will make the hair.
11. Earnest will take the bicycle.
12. Mary will carry the basket.
13. The girls will water the flowers.
14. The mother will smear the baby.
15. The child will eat the pringles.

Ref:
1. MK Precise English Grammar, pages 92-101

LESSON 3
DEMOCRACY
ELECTIONS.
RELATIVE PRONOUNS.
Pronouns are words used to replace nouns.
A relative pronoun is a word used when connecting groups of words to noun or other pronouns.
Also, a relative pronoun is a pronoun that begins a sub-ordinate clause and it relates to an idea in
a sentence.
Examples of relative pronouns are:
that whom
who which
whose ‘etc.

How to use relative pronouns:

(a) “who” refers to persons.
(b) “which” refers to persons or things.
(c) “that” refers to persons, animals or things.
(d) “whose” and “whom” are used to refer to people.
Examples:
1. I saw the man who saved the girl from the lion. (person)
2. That dog is the one which barked at us. (animal)
3. I cannot remember that I promised to give it to you. (thing)
4. I met an Indian whose name is Patel. (person)
5. Mukasa is a boy whom I dislike most. (person)

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Relative pronouns act as conjunctions.
Examples:
1. I found the pen. I lost the pen.
I found the pen which I lost.
2. Here is the book. You lent me the book.
Here is the book which you lent me.
3. These are the girls. We all praise the girls.
These are the girls whom we all praise.

EXERCISE.
(A). Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the relative pronoun from the brackets.
1. That is the man ……………………. car was stolen. (who, which, whose)
2. From…………………….. bookshop did you buy that book? (which, what, that)
3. May you suggest a day ………………. we can meet? (that, which, when)
4. What is the name of the school…………………… your brother goes to? (which, where, that)
5. Do you know the place ……………………..he comes from? (which, that, where)
6. Did you see the man ………………… was standing here? (who, which, where)
7. The book ……………………. is on the table is mine. (that, which, what)
(B). Complete the given sentences with suitable relative pronouns.
8. The book …………………… is lying on the table is mine.
9. The water …………………..he drank was dirty.
10. The boy ……………………. I saw running was a thief.
11. The girl ……………………….the minister gave a prize was in primary four.
12. Friday is the day ………………..we shall have a party.
13. Clement is the boy …………………. I hate most.
(C). Join the following pairs of sentences with the right relative pronoun.
14. This is the plate. The maid gave it to me.
15. He went to the shop. You told him about it.
16. I haven’t seen the boy. His suit case was stolen.
17. That is the teacher. He teaches us Mathematics.
18. He is a careful pupil. I like him very much.
19. I injured my leg. It got broken last week.
20. This is the cow. We bought it from Kenya.
Ref:
1. MK Precise English Grammar, pages 32-34.
2. Revision English, New Edition, Ronald Forest, pages 91-92

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WEEK 5
LESSON 1
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS:
These are pronouns used for asking questions.
Examples:
1. Who are you?
2. Who is there?
3. Whom do you want?
4. Whose book is this?
5. Which one do you prefer?
6. Whose umbrella is this?
7. Which of these books is yours?
8. Whom are we electing as the prefect?
9. What is sweeter than honey?
10. What have you found out?

EXERCISE
Use the correct form of the interrogative pronouns to fill in the gaps.
1. …………………………..do you wish to see?
2. …………………………….did he invite?
3. ……………………………shall I give this?
4. ……………………………..do you believe did this?
5. …………………………………….do you mean?
6. ……………………………… did you see?
7. To ………………………………. did you give the key?
8. …………………………. came here yesterday?
9. …………………………..did you speak to?
10. ………………………..is your book?
11. ……………………..are you doing?
12. With …………………were you talking?
13. …………………….was that speaking to you?
14. ………………………..of you has done this?
15. …………………….of the girls can sew the best?
16. ……………………….do you think they care?
17. ……………………….have you decided to do?
18. ………………………..of the pens will you take?
19. ……………………..has my bag?
20. ……………………..do you prefer?

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Ref: High School English Grammar and Composition, pages 56-57

LESSON 2
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS.
These are pronouns which show that the action is being done or something has been done to a
person.
These pronouns use the word “self” in singular and “selves” in plural.
Examples:
himself, itself
yourself, ourselves
myself, yourselves
herself, themselves

When “self” is added to my, your, him, her, it and “selves” to our, your, them; we get what are
called compound personal pronouns

Examples:
Singular Plural
I hurt myself. We hurt ourselves.
You will hurt yourself. You will hurt yourself.
He hurt himself.
She hurt herself.
The horse hurt itself.
EXERCISE:
Use the most suitable relative pronouns and complete the sentences below.
1. I always look at …………………….. in the mirror before coming to school.
2. We often help ………………………..in times of danger.
3. You should serve ……………………… first.
4. God helps those who help ……………………
5. He nearly hit …………………….. with a hammer.
6. You shouldn’t praise……………………….
7. She did it ……………………………………
8. One is always expected to love…………………………….
9. They had to blame ………………… for failing to score.
10. They gave ……………….. a lot of trouble.
11. Ronaldo has hurt……………………..
12. I wash …………………… when I get up.

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13. The boy hid………………………………
14. The prisoner hanged …………………….
15. The poor widow poisoned ………………….
16. I was sitting by …………………………………
17. The dog chocked …………………………..
18. Some people always talk about. ……………………….
19. He was landed …………………….. in trouble.
20. They have got …………….. into a mess
Ref:
1. High School English Grammar and Composition pages 43-44
2. MK Precise English Grammar. Pages 34-36.

LESSON 3
CONDITIONAL CLUASES.
Conditional clauses contain the word “if” or “unless”.
“Conditional clause” are also called “if clause”.

IF (1)
If clause 1 or conditional clause 1 is formed in the order below.
If + present tense + future tense.

Points to remember:
(i) When an “if clause” comes first, put a comma after it.
(ii) When the “main clause” comes first, a comma is not needed.
(iii) We commonly use a future simple tense in the “main clause”, and the present simple tense
in the “if clause”
Examples:
1. If I pass exams, I will fly to London

If clause main clause

2. The teacher will punish us, if we fail the work.

Main clause if clause

NB: The condition to be fulfilled is contained in the “if clause” because that is where the word “if”
is.
On the other hand, the action to take place is in the main clause.

EXERCISE:

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Fill in the blank spaces correctly with the words in brackets. Remember to punctuate.

1. If the plane ……………, we shall go. (come)

2. Geoffrey will ……………..(find) you here if you …………a bit. (wait)
3. I …………… (tell) him the truth if he …………….(come)
4. He is going to find you here if you …………… a bit.(wait)
5. I …………………(not give) him the book unless he ……………. (pay) for it.
6. Unless he …………………(give) me enough money, I will not …………..(waste) my time to go.
7. James will not be happy unless his mother ……………(give) him enough money.
8. Nobody ……………..(pass) unless he ……………….(pay) for the road license
9. He ………….(not go) unless he ……………. (pay) for the last dress.
10. If he ……………….. (go), the father will not be happy.

(B) Complete the following sentences in many different ways possible.

11. I shall come tomorrow if …………………………………
12. I will be very happy if ……………………………………
13. If I meet them on the way, I ……………………………
14. If he arrives on time, ………………………………….
15. If my father complains, ……………………………….
16. Ouma will get a prize if ………………………………
17. My aunt will give me a present if ………………………….
18. If mummy produces a baby girl,
19. If I pass my exams very well, ………………………………..
20. If my father gives me enough money, ……………………………

Ref:
1. Junior English Composition and Grammar, pages 37-38
2. MK English Handbook, M.O.O pages 56-57
3. Mk Precise English Grammar, pages 146-147

WEEK 6
LESSON 1.
IF (2) OR CONDITIONAL CLAUSE 2
Conditional sentence or clause (2) is used to express a condition which is impossible and whose
result we are only imagining.

We do not expect it to come true.

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In IF (2), one is just imagining what would happen if the impossible came true. The condition
cannot be fulfilled at all. e.g
(i) If I was God, I would leave man to live for ever. (but, it is impossible to become God)
(ii) If I were you, I wouldn’t eat posho. (but, it is impossible to turn into someone.)

Requirements:
1. We use the past simple tense in the “if clause” and a “wouldn’t” and a verb in the present tense
in the main clause.
2. We often use “were” instead of “was” in order to put emphasis on the nature of the impossibility

EXERCISE 1
Use the correct form of the verb given in brackets to complete the sentences.
1. If it ………….., the crops would grow well. (rain)
2. If I ……………. Teacher, I would not beat children. (are)
3. If I were a snake, I would ………………… all the thieves. (bite)
4. If I ………… a fish, I would not be caught. (is)
5. If the sun ……….. to rise, people would not go for work. (fail)
6. If I two heads, I would think faster. (have)
7. She would tell me if she ……………. Time (get)
8. If I ……….. in Australia, I would be rich. (live)
9. If I ……………. At the station early, the train would not leave me. (arrive)
10. If the sun …………from the west, people would wake up late. (rise)
11. If she ……………. To me, I would be very happy. (write)
12. The girls would ………….. the class if the teacher told them. (sweeps)
13. Jeniffer would bring me mangoes if I, ………………. Her for some. (send)
14. If it ………………. Today, my mother would saw the beans. (rains)
15. If my problem was ………………, I would grow fat. (solve)

EXRECISE II
Complete the following sentences in as many different ways as you can think of. Don’t forget to
punctuate.
16. If I were the president, ………………………………
17. Jane would tell me if ………………………………
18. If the world came to an end, ……………………………
19. The fish would die if the water ……………………..
20. I would be very happy if ………………………………

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Ref:
1. Junior English Composition and Grammar., New Edition pages 39-41
2. MK Precise English Grammar for Upper Primary pages 147-149.
3. MK English Handbook for P.5-7, by M.O.O Pages 56-58

LESSON 2.
UNLESS
“Unless” means the same as “if not”
Application:
Consider the examples below:
(A). 1. If you don’t go to bed early, you will feel tired.
2. Unless you go to bed early, you will get tired
1 and 2 almost have the same meaning.

(B) 1. You will feel tired in the morning if you don’t go to bed early.
2. You will feel tired in the morning unless you go to bed early.
NB: A comma is needed when “unless” begins a sentence.

EXERCISE 1.
Re-write the following sentences beginning “unless”.
1. They will all be late unless they wake up very early.
2. George will not see him unless he arrives on time.
3. The cat will eat that bird unless it flies away.
4. My mother will beat me unless I complete all the work.
5. The teacher won’t be happy unless we stop shouting in class.
6. Many will get late to school unless she sleeps early.
7. Plants won’t grow unless we water them.
8. You will hurt yourself unless you stop playing with sharp objects.
9. You will catch a cold unless you wear a jacket.
10. I will not write to you unless you promise to answer my letters.

EXERCISE 2
Complete the following sentences in as many different ways as possible.

11. James will not see him unless …………………………..

12. They will all be late unless. …………………………….
13. Unless the bird flies away, ………………………………
14. Unless you invite me, ……………………………………

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15. Unless you promise to answer my letters, ……………………………..
16. I will not answer your question unless ………………………………..
17. Your teeth will become yellow unless ………………………………..
18. Plants won’t grow unless we ……………………………………….
19. She won’t watch the film unless. ……………………………………
20. My father won’t be pleased unless ……………………………….

Ref:
1. English Grammar and Exercise 3 (H/M’s library) pages 79-81
2. Junior English Composition and Grammar, New Edition
3. MK Precise English Grammar, pages 146-147.

LESSON 3.
NOUNS
A noun is a naming word.
Nouns are words used to name persons, animals, plant, things , collections of persons, qualities,
conditions, actions and ideas.
Nouns are classified as:
(i)Common nouns (iii) Collective nouns
(ii) Proper nouns (iv) Abstract nouns

1. COMMON NOUNS:
These are names of a class of things or people such as boy, girl, drum, book, king, table, or cup
etc.

Other examples
Cousin, doctor, singer, driver, teacher, students, cook etc

Most singular countable nouns are articles “a”, “an” and “the” before them.
Examples
“a” ……………….. a book , a pen, a desk, etc.
“an” ……………………….. an orange, an ox, an umbrella etc
Oral work
1. Mention 10 nouns in your classroom
2. Write 10 nouns around your home.

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WRITTEN ACTIVITY 1
(A) Here are 20 words; only 12 of them are nouns. Find them out and write them.
(mother, table, big, are, black board, man, two, door, box, classroom, bed, the, tree, open,
sister, desk, in, shut, bird, behind)
ACTIVITY 2:
Use the right common noun to complete each of the following sentences.
Choose one from the brackets
1. That ………………….. belongs to me. (soil, bag)
2. Most ………………… can fly. (animals, birds)
3. Some ……………… grow on their own. (plants, tables)
4. Several ……………… arrived late this morning. (animals, pupils)
5. The ……………… cried the whole day. (fly, baby)
6. Te Nile is the longest …………. in Uganda. (lake, river)
7. The farmer dug the garden using a ………………. (hoe, panga)
8. The ………………. is made of wood. (basket, table)
9. The hen laid an ……………… in the poultry house. (feather, egg)
10. It is not wise to sit on a broken …………………… (pot, chair)

References:
1. Progress in English, page 7
2. English Grammar and Exercises 1, page 2.

WEEK 7
LESSON 1
PROPER NOUNS:
1. A proper noun is the particular name of a person or things.
2. These are names of specific people, animals, places, things, books, countries, schools, towns,
etc
Examples:
Uganda, Muteesi, Kampala, Onyait, Jeniffer, Greenhill Academy, Charles, Friday, January,
Muvule tec.
3. Proper nouns begin with capital letters

ACTIVITY:
(A) Write down 10 proper nouns of your choice
(B) Underline the proper noun in each of the sentences below.

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1. Dr. Apollo Milton Obote was once a president of Uganda.
2. The headmaster of our school is Mr. Kirinya Moses.
3. The capital city of Kenya is Nairobi.
4. L. Victoria is the largest lake in E Africa.
5. The Bible is a holy book.
6. Mt. Elgon is a volcano.
7. Kintu is the first Muganda on earth.
8. Our school is in Makindye division.
9. Messi is the footballer of the year.
10. Mt. Everest is the highest mountain in the world.
(C) Write a proper noun for each of the nouns below.
11. A town
12. A language
13. A district
14. A radio station
15. A river.
Reference:
Standard English Aid 4, pages 24-26

LESSON 2.
COLLECTIVE NOUNS
These are naming words of general things.
They are nouns which stand for a group or collection of people, animals, birds, insects or any
other things.
Examples:-
1. A flock of sheep.
2. A team of players.
3. A fleet of vehicles.
4. A staff of teachers / workers
5. A brood of chicks, etc.
Note: Study the lesson on pages 17-18 of Junior English Revised, Haydn Richards.

ACTIVITY.
(A) Complete each of these phrases with a suitable collective noun.
1. a………….......... of people
2. a………………..of cars
3. a……………………of keys.

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4. a………………………of clothes
5. a…………………………of cattle.
6. a……………………….of insects.
7. a………………….of dancers
8. a…………………………….of bees
9. a………………………….of robbers.
10. a…………………………..of trees.
11. a………………………of birds.
12. a……………………of angels.
13. a…………………………of cows.
14. a………………….of cups
15. a………………………..of wolves.
(B) Re-write the following sentences by replacing the underlined group of words with one word.
16. The football match had many people watching it.
17. Our school has a nice group of singers.
18. The school lacks a collection of books.
19. The head-of-state was among the people who attended the church service at Christ the King
Church.
20. My father has a big number of sheep.

References:
1. MK Precise English Grammar, pgs 19-20.
2. Junior English Revised, pgs 17-18.
3. MK English Handbook, MO.O, Pgs 14-16

LESSON 3
PLURALS OF NOUNS.
1. A noun which refers to a single person or thing is singular in number.
Examples:
Man, boy, book, loaf, tooth, etc
2. A noun which refers to more than one person or thing is plural in number.
Examples:
Boys, books, loaves, men, women, teeth, etc.

SINGULAR – mean ONE

PLURAL – means “more than one”.

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Formation of plural.
(i) Most singular nouns form plurals by adding “S”.
Examples:
Girl –girls , flower- flowers table-tables etc.
(ii) Nouns ending in “S”, “SH”, “CH” or “X” form plurals by adding “ES”.
Examples:
Box – boxes glass – glasses brush – brushes stitch-stitches etc.
(iii) Nouns ending in “Y” before which there is a consonant from their plurals by changing “Y” to
“I” before adding “ES”.
Examples:
City- cities dairy – dairies berry – berries etc.

EXERCISE:
(A) Change each of the following words into their plural forms.
1. Fox -
2. Lamp-
3. Teacher-
4. Factory-
5. Puppy-
6. Party
7. Church-
8. Cry-
9. Sky-
10. Fly-
11. Dress-
12. Dish-
13. Injury-
14. Library-
(B) Change these sentences to plural; with greater emphasis on the underlines words.
15. The hunter is chasing a fox.
16. Have you seen the city?
17. Amos has a nice puppy.
18. They don’t have a pen.
19. A girl goes with her mother
20. The lady sings very well.

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WEEK 8
LESSON 1
FORMATION OF PLURALS.
Nouns ending in “Y” before which there is a vowel, form their plurals by adding “s”.
Examples
Key-keys day – days etc.
Some nouns which end with “f” form their plurals by changing the “f” to “v” before adding “-es”.
Examples:
Leaf – leaves half- halves, etc.

NB:
Some few nouns ending in “F” do not follow rule number (V) above, but we just add “S”.
Examples
Chief – chiefs, hoof- hoofs/hooves roof-roofs.
Handerchief- handerchiefs/handkerchieves.

If the noun ends in “FE” the “FE” is changed to “V” before adding “ES”.
Examples”
Wife-wives, life-lives etc.

EXERCISE
(A) Change each of the following nouns into plural
1. Tray 7. Shelf-
2. Loaf- 8. Ray-
3. Thief – 9. Way-
4. Calf- 10. Valley-
5. Holiday- 11.knife-
6. Dwarf- 12.life-
(B) Change each of the underlined words into plural and make other necessary changes, and re-
write the sentences.
13. The village chief is my brother.
14. He met a thief on the way.
15. He cut himself while cutting the loaf.
16. Sylivia got the fox eating groundnuts.
17. There is a leaf on the tree.
18. The knife is on the table.
19. The boy gave a banana to the monkey.
20. She is my brother’s wife.

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LESSON 2.
(vi) Some other nouns have the same form for singular and plural.
Examples:
Deer-deer news-new
Sheep-sheep luggage-luggage
Furniture-furniture, measles –measles etc.

(vii) There are other nouns which form their plurals by changing their inside vowel sound or by
adding “en” to their singular.
Examples:
Man –men mouse-mice
Tooth-teeth ox-oxen etc
(viii) If their singular nouns ends in “O” and there is a consonant before the “O”, simply add “ES”.
Examples”
Potato=potatoes tomato-tomatoes etc.
NB. If the singular ends in “O” and there is a vowel before “O”, simply add “S”.
Examples:
Dynamo-dynamos radio-radios Eskimo –eskimos etc

ACTIVITY
(A) Change each of the following nouns into plural.
1. Fish- 8. hero
2. Goose- 9. Ox-
3. Foot- 10. Avocado-
4. Louse- 11. Buffalo-
5. Woman- 12. Mosquito-
6. Child- 13. hair
7. Rubbish-

(B) Make the following nouns in the box plural and put the right plural noun in each space.

Brush, knife, mouse, country, fox, half, fly, loaf, sheep, toy, leaf, bus

14. Jack’s mother buys three …………….. of bread every day.

15. How many ……………. of matches have you got?
16. The small boys are playing with their ……………………….
17. The wolves ate three ………….as the shepherd was a sleep.
18. I cut the apple into two …………………………

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19. ……………………… can walk on walls and ceilings.
20. There are no …………………… on this tree in winter.
21. The boys walked to school because all the ……………….. were full.
22. America and Russia are big …………………..
23. The cat caught three …………………………………… yesterday.
24. These ………………………. are very sharp.
25. We use …………………………. to clean our teeth.

Ref: English Grammar & Exercise 2, pgs 13-14

LESSON 3
COMPOUND NOUNS
1. The singular of compound nouns form their plurals by adding “s” to the word that has most
meaning.
Examples:-
Guest –of-honour - guest-of-honour
Head-of-state - heads-of-state.
Classroom -classrooms
Shoe-lace - shoe- laces
Mother-in-law – mothers-in-law.
Life-jacket -life jackets.
House-wife -house-wives etc.

ACTIVITY
Give the plurals of these words
1. Step mother –
2. Piece –of-furniture-
3. Piece-of- advice-
4. Life-boat-
5. Bee-hive-
6. House-wife-
7. Door-mat-
8. Shoe-lace-
9. Mouse-trap-
10. Daughter-in-law-
11. Father-in-law-
12. Son-in-law
13. Time keeper-

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14. Tea-pt
15. Commander in chief-
Re-write the sentences below changing the underlined words to plural.
16. The house was built by his son-in-law.
17. He bees flew out of the bee-hive.
18. The bus-conductor failed to give back our change.
19. Our step-mother is getting married next month.
20. The guest-of-honour arrived late.
21. Her step-daughter died in the war.
22. I have his bookshelf.
23. The man-of-war is dead.
24. He gave me a spoonful of his milk.
25. Who is the teacher on duty?

WEEK 9
LESSON 1.
CHANGING SINGULAR SENTENCES TO PLURAL.
1. When changing sentences from singular to plural, verbs and pronouns are also change, as
shown below.
(a) Pronouns (b) verbs
i –We am –are
he –they is-are
she –they was-were
it-they has-have
my our
me-us also,
his-their this-these
her-their that –those
him
her them
Examples
1. A cat is an animal. (singular)
Cats are animals (plural)
2. The windows are shut. (plural)

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Exercise
Change these sentences to plural.
1. A hen is a bird.
2. A pupil is not a teacher.
3. He is a doctor.
4. She is a pretty girl.
5. A camel is a big animal.
6. An egg is white.
7. A donkey is bigger than a cat.
8. A lazy boy is not a good pupil.
9. The classroom is clean.
10. The boy is in the garden.
11. The door is open.
12. The book is on the desk.
13. Where is the key?
14. The pupil is not in the classroom.
15. The field is green.
16. The car is in the street.
17. There is a bird on the tree.
18. The soldier is on a horse.
19. It is a picture of a lower.
20. The cow is in a field.

Ref: Std Aid 4 English, pages 7-9

1. English grammar & exercise, pages 4 & 5
2. Progress in English, pages 5-8

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