THESIS STATEMENT

I. WHAT IS A THESIS STATEMENT?

A. A Thesis Statement is a concise and specific sentence that summarizes the

main point or argument of an academic and persuasive writing.

B. Very important:

1. A well-written Thesis Statement serves as a road map for the

reader.

II. TYPES OG THESIS STATEMENT

A. Argumentative Thesis Statement

1. This kind of thesis statement takes a position or makes an
argument regarding a particular subject.

B. Analytical Thesis Statement

1. Analyzes a subject into its essential parts and offers a conclusion or
interpretation.

C. Expository Thesis Statement

1. Explaining or providing information about a particular topic, more
focused on presenting facts and clarifying a concept.

III. IMPORTANCE OF THESIS STATEMENT IN AN ESSAY

A. It provides direction, clarity, and purpose to your writing, making it an

essential element for academic and persuasive writing.
OUTLINE
I. WHAT IS AN OUTLINE?

A. An outline allows a writer to categorize the main points.

B. To organize the paragraphs into an order that makes sense, and to make
sure that paragraph/idea can be fully developed.

C. An outline helps prevent a writer from getting stuck when performing the
actual writing of the essay.

II. HOW TO MAKE AN OUTLINE

A. Put the thesis statement at the top: it should be polished and be a

complete sentence.

B. Use Roman numerals (I, II, III, IV, V, etc) to indicate the main points/topic
sentences which should be written in specific phrases or complete sentences

C. Use capital letters (A, B, C, D, E, etc.) for the major supporting details:
typically, writers should have at least two main supporting details for each
point/topic sentence.

D. Use numbers (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, etc.) for sub-details clarifying and specifying

your main supporting details.

III. TYPES OF OUTLINE

A. Topic outline
1. An outline that consists of a short phrase.
2. It provides a quick overview of topics to be included in an essay.

B. Sentence outline
1. An outline that is done in full sentence.
CRITICAL APPROACHES IN WRITING A
CRITIQUE
I. WHAT IS A CRITIQUE?

A. academic writing that evaluates a particular work

B. presents an author’s opinion
C. provides insight into the strengths and
Weaknesses of the chosen topic

II. TYPES OF APPROACH

A. Formalist Approach
1. An approach that focuses on the form, structure, and style of a
work.
2. Elements of the worl
a. Language
b. Syntax
c. Imagery

B. Feminist Approach
1. Focuses on gender and power dynamics in a work
2. How it portrays and impacts gender roles

C. Marxist Approach
1. Examines the work’s economic and social themes related to power
and class dynamics

D. Reader-response Approach
1. Considers the reader’s interpretation and personal response to a
work
APPROACHES IN CRITIQUING AN ACADEMIC
TEXT
I. WHAT IS AN ACADEMIC TEXT?
A. It is a type of text or writing that is written by professionals in a given field.

II. TYPES OF APPROACH

A. Structural Analysis
1. Examine the overall structure of the text, including the
introduction, body, and conclusion.
2. Evaluate the coherence and flow of ideas between paragraphs and
sections.
3. Assess the organization of the content, looking for logical
sequencing.

B. Argumentation Analysis
1. Analyze the strength and clarity of the author’s arguments.
2. Identify any logical fallacies or weak points in the reasoning.

C. Contextual Analysis
1. Consider the historical, cultural, and social context in which the
text was written.
2. Evaluate how external factors may influence the author’s
perspective and arguments.

D. Critical Analysis
1. Evaluate the author’s engagement with existing literature on the
topic.
2. Assess whether the text provides a comprehensive review of
relevant research.
3. Identify gaps or areas where the author could have provided more
context or connections to prior work.
BROADCAST MEDIA
Broadcast media consists of programs produced by television networks and
radio stations. Contrary to print media, broadcast media airs audio and video
materials for the public's information, interest, or leisure. Radio, television,
and films are three forms of broadcast media.

1. Radio. The first known radio is attributed to the Italian inventor, Guglielmo
Marconi, when he made the wireless telegraph in 1895. Using radio waves,
he was able to transmit Morse code using the instrument he made.

With the use of a small device called the transistor, the flow of electricity in
radios and other types of broadcast media can be controlled.

Radio announcers or DJs deliver the news or play music through airwaves.
Data is transmitted by the radio through electric currents or frequencies
between about 3000 hertz to 300 gigahertz A radio can be set in an AM or
FM mode

Old radio

BAM stands for amplitude modulation, while FM stands for frequency

modulation. In an AM mode, the amplitude of the radio signal encodes
information, while the FM mode uses a change in frequency to encode
information.

2. Television. The television is one of the most visible appliances at home. It is

equipped with an electronic system capable of sending images and sounds by
a wire or through space. A television can receive and project transient images
of fixed or moving objects with sound. Through its complex electronic system
connected by wires, the television is able to transmit data through the
apparatus, which is capable of converting light and sound into electrical
waves, and reconverts them into visible light rays and audible sound back to
the viewers through the TV screen and speaker.
The figure on page 49 shows an older version of a television set, which is
bulky and occupies too much space, while the relevision beside it is slim and
light in weight. LCD and LED televisions produce sharp images in full color,
while the older versions display only black and white pictures. Before cable
channels dominated the home screens, only a few television networks
broadcast shows or programs.

Vladimir Kosma Zworykin, a Russian-born American inventor, and Philo Taylor

Farnsworth from Utah are tredited as the inventors of modern television.
Zworykin is acknowledged as the Father of Modern Television as he owns the
patent rights, but it was Farnsworth who is credited for the successful
demonstration of the transmission of television signals.

3. Film. A film is similar to a television show as it offers a variety of themes

and genres. It can be about drama, comedy, horror, action, an animation, or
a documentary. Films, also called movies or motion pictures, are shown on
theaters. They are a series of still images captured on film and projected
screen. The first films were the silent movies in black and white, as color and
sound technology back then were not yet introduced. Some equipment used
in making film are videocameras and lighting system.

TV and Movie Classification Ratings

With cable channels providing a wide range of shows, most children

nowadays prefer to watch the television during their leisure time instead of
playing outdoors. However, not all shows are suitable for children. In the
Philippines, the Movie and TV Ratings Classification Board (MTRCB) released
a classification rating for the information of parents.

- G rating means that the show is for general patronage.

- PG rating means that the show requires parental guidance.

- SPG rating means that strict parental guidance is required as the show may
have themes that involve violence, horror, and inappropriate language that
are not suitable for young audiences.
- R rating means a show is restricted for a particular age.
NEW MEDIA (INTERNET)
Students of today's generation are lucky that they can access information
quickly and easily because of the Internet. When the Internet was not yet
introduced, gathering information for a research took much effort as one
needs to visit the library to look for the appropriate reference materials.

Today, the Internet allows users to browse different websites and

communicate with other people through the web. The Internet is an
electronic communications network that connects computer users through
various networks and organizational computer facilities around the world.

Some features of the Internet:

1. Web page.
The Internet is also called the worldwide communication network of
computers.

a. Web
- most widely used service on the Internet
- consists of many web pages joined by hyperlinks
b. Web pages
- These web pages contain information made available online by any
individual, institution, and organization.
- Some web pages require the user to sign up first before gaining access to
the page.

2. Hypertext.
- a hypertext is a list of information that can be displayed and accessed
directly by users.
- allows a user to get information and go from one document to another by
clicking on highlighted words or pictures.
3. Instant messaging (IM)
- users can interact with another user through online chat in real time.
- social media capable of instant messaging
• Facebook Messenger
• Google Hangouts
- it can transmit in real time a text, image, emoji, document, and video file,
among others.

4. E-mail.
Through an e-mail or electronic message,
- user can send information to other people in any part of the world
- information can be encoded on the message area or attached as a
document
- applications that allow users to link and synchronize e-mail attachments
that have big files, such as images and videos.
• Google Drive
• Dropbox designed to

5. Distance education.
In the past, students who live in remote places rarely had the chance to
receive proper education as there were no schools in their area.

- students can study online in any part of the world.

- how?
• The student will receive materials from the facilitator or instructor through
e-mail or from a portal where the student needs to sign up an account.
• Once the personal account activated, lessons in the virtual classroom can
now be accessed.

Coursera.org is a website that provides free online education in partnership

with universities and organizations around the world. Some educational
institutions, like the University of the Philippines, have taken the initiative to
provide distance education through their open university. ESL (English as a
Second Language) schools who teach English to foreigners online through
Skype is considered a form of distance education, too.
6. E-book.
An e-book refers to a digital or electronic version of a printed book, which
can be accessed with the use of a computer or a gadget. Kindle is a good
example of a hand-held device whose feature allows a user to read books
and connect to the Internet.

7. Online shopping.
In the past, people need to go to the supermarket or department store to
buy something. But with the use of the Internet, consumers can now shop
online. Buying online allows the consumers to shop at their convenience
because they can purchase while at home and charge the items to their
credit cards. The purchased products are then delivered directly to the
buyer's doorstep through shipment.

Online shopping provides consumers more choices of products with a new or

unique concept. This is beneficial for budding entrepreneurs as they can
advertise their products easily and reach out to more consumers, even to
those who live overseas. Internationally, eBay and Amazon.com are popular
websites for online shopping. In the Philippines, lazada.com.ph and sulit.ph
are some examples of popular online shopping sites.

Shopping online may be convenient, but consumers and entrepreneurs alike

should be careful when transacting business online to ensure that they are
dealing with legitimate persons or entities.

8. Media convergence.
It interconnects information with communication technologies, computer
networks, and media content. To maximize the features of the Internet, one
needs to have a stable and reliable Interner connection. In the past, Internet
connection is established by means of a dial-up where a modem is connected
to a phone line. Nowadays, the Internet is much faster as there are varied
modes of connection like broadband, cable, and wireless connection (Wi-Fi).
The Influence of Media in the World Wide Web

Have you tried making a home video and uploading it in YouTube? Do you
ever wonder how a video or a message becomes viral or trending? woll

When we say that something has gone viral or trending in the Internet, it
means that a video or message has massively and quickly gained high
popularity. A viral video, for example, should have been viewed, liked, and
shared countless times.

Apart from videos, a meme can also go viral or trending. A meme can be a
funny image, video, or text that has been shared, copied, and tweaked by
Internet users and has spread rapidly on their social media account.
Information becomes trending once it has spread all over the Internet and
becomes phenomenal among netizens.