NATIONAL

SENIOR CERTIFICATE

GRADE 11

NOVEMBER 2020

HISTORY P2
MARKING GUIDELINE
(EXEMPLAR)

MARKS: 100

This marking guideline consists of 15 pages.

2 HISTORY P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020)

1. SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS

1.1 The following cognitive levels were used to develop source-based

questions:

COGNITIVE WEIGHTING OF
HISTORICAL SKILLS
LEVELS QUESTIONS
x Extract evidence from sources.
x Selection and organisation of relevant 30%
LEVEL 1
information from sources. (15)
x Define historical concepts/terms.
x Interpretation of evidence from the
sources.
50%
LEVEL 2 x Explain information gathered from the
(25)
sources.
x Analyse evidence from the sources.
x Interpret and evaluate evidence from
sources.
x Engage with sources to determine its
20%
LEVEL 3 usefulness, reliability, bias and limitations.
(10)
x Compare and contrast interpretations and
perspectives presented in sources and
draw independent conclusions.

1.2 The information below indicates how source-based questions are

assessed:

x In the marking of source-based questions credit needs to be given to

any other valid and relevant viewpoints, arguments, evidence or
examples.
x In the allocation of marks emphasis should be placed on how the
requirements of the question have been addressed.
x In the marking guideline the requirements of the question (skills that
need to be addressed) as well as the level of the question are indicated
in italics.
x When assessing open-ended source-based questions, learners should
be credited for any other relevant answers.
x Learners are expected to take a stance when answering ‘to what extent’
questions in order for any marks to be awarded.

1.3 Assessment procedures for source-based questions

x Use a tick (9) for each correct answer

x Pay attention to the mark scheme e.g. (2 × 2) which translates to two
reasons and is given two marks each (9999); (1 × 2) which translates
to one reason and is given two marks (99)
x If a question carries 4 marks then indicate by placing 4 ticks (9999)

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) HISTORY P2 3

Paragraph question
Paragraphs are to be assessed globally (holistically). Both the content and
structure of the paragraph must be taken into account when awarding a
mark. The following steps must be used when assessing a response to a
paragraph question:
x Read the paragraph and place a bullet ( . ) at each point within the text
where the candidate has used relevant evidence to address the
question.
x Re-read the paragraph to evaluate the extent to which the candidate has
been able to use relevant evidence to write a paragraph.
x At the end of the paragraph indicate the ticks (√) that the candidate has
been awarded for the paragraph; as well as the level (1, 2 or 3) as
indicated in the holistic rubric and a brief comment e.g.

___________ ˖ __________________________ ˖ _________________

_________________ ˖ __________________________ ˖ ___________
√√√√
Level 2

Used mostly relevant evidence to write a basic paragraph

x Count all the ticks for the source-based question and then write the mark
on the right-hand bottom margin e.g.

x Ensure that the total mark is transferred accurately to the front/back

cover of the answer script.

2. ESSAY QUESTIONS
32
50

2.1 The essay questions require candidates to:

x Be able to structure their argument in a logical and coherent manner.
They need to select, organise and connect the relevant information so
that they are able to present a reasonable sequence of facts or an
effective argument to answer the question posed. It is essential that an
essay has an introduction, a coherent and balanced body of evidence
and a conclusion.

2.2 Marking of essay questions

x Markers must be aware that the content of the answer will be guided by
the textbooks in use at the particular centre.
x Candidates may have any other relevant introduction and/or conclusion
than those included in a specific essay marking guideline for a specific
essay.
x When assessing open-ended source-based questions, learners should
be credited for any other relevant answers.

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4 HISTORY P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020)

2.3 Global assessment of the essay

The essay will be assessed holistically (globally). This approach requires the
teacher to score the overall product as a whole, without scoring the component
parts separately. This approach encourages the learner to offer an individual
opinion by using selected factual evidence to support an argument. The learner
will not be required to simply regurgitate ‘facts’ in order to achieve a high mark.
This approach discourages learners from preparing ‘model’ answers and
reproducing them without taking into account the specific requirements of the
question. Holistic marking of the essay credits learners’ opinions supported by
evidence. Holistic assessment, unlike content-based marking, does not
penalise language inadequacies as the emphasis is on the following:

x The learner’s interpretation of the question

x The appropriate selection of factual evidence (relevant content selection)
x The construction of argument (planned, structured and has independent line
of argument)

2.4 Assessment procedures of the essay

2.4.1 Keep the synopsis in mind when assessing the essay.

2.4.2 During the reading of the essay ticks need to be awarded for a relevant
introduction (indicated by a bullet in the marking guideline), each of the
main points/aspects that is properly contextualised (also indicated by
bullets in the marking guideline) and a relevant conclusion (indicated by
a bullet in the marking guideline) e.g. in an answer where there are 5
main points there will be 7 ticks.

2.4.3 Keep the PEEL structure in mind when assessing an essay

P Point: The candidate introduces the essay by taking a line of

argument/making a major point.
Each paragraph should include a point that sustains the major
point (line of argument) that was made in the introduction.
E Explanation: The candidate should explain in more detail what
the main point is all about and how it relates to the question
posed (line of argument)
E Example: The candidates should answer the question by
selecting content that is relevant to the line of argument. Relevant
examples should be given to sustain the line of argument.
L Link: Candidates should ensure that the line of argument is
sustained throughout the essay and is written coherently.

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 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020) HISTORY P2 5

2.4.4 The following additional symbols can also be used:

x Introduction, main aspects and conclusion not properly

contextualised

x Wrong statement =________________

x Irrelevant statement

x Repetition R
x Analysis A√
x Interpretation I√
x Line of argument LOA

2. The matrix

2.5.1 Use of the matrix in the marking of essays.

In the marking of essays, the criteria as provided in the matrix should be

used. When assessing the essay note both the content and presentation.
At the point of intersection of the content and presentation based on the
seven competency levels, a mark should be awarded.

(a) The first reading of essays will be to determine to what extent the
main aspects have been covered and to allocate the content level
(on the matrix).

C LEVEL 4

(b) The second reading of essays will relate to the level (on the matrix)
of presentation.

C LEVEL 4
P LEVEL 5

(c) Allocate an overall mark with the use of the matrix.

C LEVEL 4
P LEVEL 5 }30 – 33

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6 HISTORY P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020)

MARKING MATRIX FOR ESSAY ‒ TOTAL: 50

LEVEL 7 LEVEL 6 LEVEL 5 LEVEL 4 LEVEL 3 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 1
Very well Very well Well planned Planned and Shows some Attempts to Little or no
planned and planned and and constructed evidence of structure an attempt to
structured structured structured an argument. a planned answer. structure the
essay. Good
essay. essay. Evidence and Largely essay.
PRESENTATION synthesis of
information. Developed a Attempts to used to constructed descriptive
Developed an relevant line of develop a some extent argument. or some
original, well argument. clear to support Attempts to attempt at
balanced and Evidence argument. the line of sustain a line developing
independent line used to Conclusion argument. of argument. a line of
of argument with defend the drawn from Conclusions Conclusions argument.
CONTENT
the use of
evidence and
argument. the evidence reached not clearly No attempt
sustained and Attempts to to support based on supported by to draw a
defended the draw an the line of evidence.. evidence. conclusion.
argument independent argument.
throughout. conclusion
Independent from the
conclusion is evidence to
drawn from
evidence to
support the
support the line line of
of argument. argument.
LEVEL 7
Question has been
fully answered.
Content selection
47–50 43–46
fully relevant to line
of argument.
LEVEL 6
Question has been
answered.
Content selection
43–46 40–42 38–39
relevant to a line of
argument.
LEVEL 5
Question answered
to a great extent.
Content adequately
38–39 36–37 34–35 30–33 28–29
covered and
relevant.

LEVEL 4
Question
recognisable in
answer. 30–33 28–29 26–27
Some
omissions/irrelevant
content selection.

LEVEL 3
Content selection
does not always
relate.
26–27 24–25 20–23
Omissions in
coverage.
LEVEL 2
Sparse content.
Question 20–23 18–19 14–17
inadequately
addressed
LEVEL 1
Question not
answered.
Inadequate content.
14–17 0–13
Significant
irrelevance

*Guidelines for allocating a mark for Level 1:

x Question not addressed at all/totally irrelevant content; no attempt to structure the essay = 0
x Content selection includes basic and generally irrelevant information; no attempt to structure the
essay = 1–6
x Question inadequately addressed and vague; little attempt to structure the essay = 7 – 13

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) HISTORY P2 7

SECTION A: SOURCE-BASED QUESTIONS

QUESTION 1: HOW WAS AFRIKANER NATIONALISM PROMOTED IN SOUTH

AFRICA DURING THE 1930s TO 1940s?

1.1 1.1.1 [Extraction of evidence from Source 1A – L1]

x Resentment over the unequal distribution of status
x Unequal distribution of wealth
x Political control
x Fear of cultural absorption (Any 2 x 1) (2)

1.1.2 [Interpretation of evidence from Source 1A – L2]

x Black South Africans (1 x 2) (2)

1.1.3 [Interpretation of evidence from Source 1A – L2]

x The Afrikaner gained partial independence
x The Afrikaners asserted their separate identity
x Afrikaners established themselves as a volk
x Afrikaans became the official language of the Afrikaners
x Different Afrikaner organisations were formed to promote the
political, economic and social rights of Afrikaners
x It united the Afrikaners
x Any other relevant response (Any 2 x 2) (4)

1.1.4 [Extraction of evidence from Source 1A – L1]

x Trek to cities
x Boer’s defeat at the hand of the British (2 x 1) (2)

1.2 1.2.1 [Extraction of evidence from Source 1B – L1]

x To promote Afrikaner political, cultural and economic interest
(1 x 2) (2)

1.2.2 [Interpretation of evidence from Source 1B – L2]

x Only Afrikaans-speaking white people could belong to the
organisation
x Nobody really knew who the members of the Afrikaner
Broederbond were
x Any other relevant response (2 x 2) (4)

1.2.3 [Interpretation of evidence from Source 1B – L2]

x Members of the Afrikaner Broederbond became members of the
National Party
x The Afrikaner Broederbond became the ‘thinktank’ of the
National Party
x Afrikaner Broederbond members began to hold key positions in
the National Party
x They wanted to ensure that political power remain in the hands of
the Afrikaner
x Any other relevant response (Any 2 x 2) (4)

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8 HISTORY P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020)

1.2.4 [Extraction of evidence from Source 1B – L1]

x It was limited to men
x Being divorced
x Irregular church attendance (Any 2 x 1) (2)

1.3 1.3.1 [Definition of historical concepts from Source 1C – L1]

x Uniting people of a particular language group
x Any other relevant response (1 x 2) (2)

1.3.2 [Interpretation of evidence from Source 1C – L2]

x They lost their independence to Britain
x The suffering of their women and children in the concentration
camps during the South African War
x Any other relevant response (2 x 2) (4)

1.3.3 [Extraction of evidence from Source 1C – L1]

x Nasionale Pers
x Afrikaner-Broederbond
x Sanlam
x AVBOB
x The Voortrekkers
x FAK
x Helpmekaar
x KWV
x Volkskas (Any 2 x 1) (2)

1.3.4 [Interpretation of evidence from Source 1C – L2]

x Laws were implemented to reserve certain jobs for whites
x Laws were implemented to segregate the different population
groups in South Africa
x Black South Africans were to have no political rights in the ‘white’
areas
x Any other relevant response (Any 2 x 2) (4)

1.4 1.4.1 [Interpretation of evidence from the Source 1D – L2]

x To vote for the National Party and ensure that the political power
remains in the hands of the white minority
x To preserve South Africa for whites only
x To ensure and protect a racially pure race for the future
x Any other relevant response (Any 2 x 2) (4)

1.4.2 [Extraction of evidence from Source 1D – L1]

x Capitalist
x Communist
x Imperialist
x Jews (Any 2 x 1) (2)

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) HISTORY P2 9

1.5 [Comparison of information from Sources 1C and 1D – L3]

x Both sources show that the National Party wanted to ensure that the
Afrikaners would be dominant in every sphere in South African society
x Source 1C shows that the National Party had an anti-imperialist attitude
and Source 1D shows the National Party encourages no fusion with the
imperialists
x Source 1C refers to Malan’s aim to protect South Africa against outside
influences of capitalism and communism and Source 1D shows the NP’s
determination to protect South Africa from foreign elements
Any other relevant response (Any 2 x 2) (4)

1.6 [Interpretation, comprehension and synthesis of evidence from relevant

sources – L3]
Candidates should include some of the following aspects in their answer:

x The trek to the cities and Boer defeat by Britain shaped Afrikaner
Nationalism (Source 1A)
x Afrikaner Nationalists launched a cultural, economic and political struggle
(Source 1A)
x Afrikaner-Broederbond served the social, economic and political interest of
the Afrikaner (Source 1B)
x Formed different organisations to promote Afrikaner Nationalism (Source
1B and Source 1C)
x Afrikaner-Broederbond ensured that the ‘right’ person is appointed in top
positions (Source 1B)
x Purified NP laid the foundation for Afrikaner Nationalism (own knowledge)
x NP promoted the interest of the Afrikaner (Source 1C)
x NP united the Afrikaner (own knowledge)
x Afrikaner Nationalism revived with centenary celebrations (Source 1C)
x NP strove to create a pure white race (own knowledge)
x ‘Volksmoeder’ used to encourage Afrikaners to vote for the NP (Source 1D)
x Afrikaners will be protected by NP (Source 1D)
x Any other relevant response

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10 HISTORY P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020)

Use the following rubric to allocate a mark:

x Uses evidence in an elementary manner, e.g. show

no or little understanding of how Afrikaner
Nationalism was promoted in South Africa during
LEVEL 1 Marks: 0–2
the 1930s to 1940s.
x Uses evidence partially to report on topic or cannot
write a paragraph.
x Evidence is mostly relevant and relates to a great
extent to the topic, e.g. shows some understanding
of how Afrikaner Nationalism was promoted in
LEVEL 2 Marks: 3–4
South Africa during the 1930s to 1940s.
x Uses evidence in a very basic manner to write a
paragraph.
x Uses relevant evidence, e.g. demonstrates a
thorough understanding of how Afrikaner
Nationalism was promoted in South Africa during
LEVEL 3 Marks: 5–6
the 1930s to 1940s
x Uses evidence very effectively in an organised
paragraph that shows an understanding of the topic. (6)
[50]

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) HISTORY P2 11

QUESTION 2: HOW DID THE PROHIBITION OF MIXED MARRIAGES ACT

(NO. 55 OF 1949) AFFECT THE LIVES OF SOUTH AFRICANS?

2.1 2.1.1 [Definition of historical concepts from Source 2A – L1]

x The political, economic and social segregation of races based on
their skin colour
x Separate development of different racial groups
x Any other relevant response (Any 1 x 2) (2)

2.1.2 [Extraction of evidence from Source 2A – L1]

x Racial segregation
x White minority rule
x Oppression of their rights, movements and freedom (3 x 1) (3)

2.1.3 [Interpretation of evidence from Source 2A – L2]

x Blacks had no political rights
x Black people were oppressed
x Blacks were regarded as second class citizens
x South Africa was riddled with resistance against the apartheid
regime
x Apartheid led to a lot of violence and bloodshed
x Any other relevant response (Any 2 x 2) (4)

2.1.4 [Interpretation of evidence from Source 2A – L2]

x Group Areas Act (1 x 2) (2)

2.1.5 [Interpretation of evidence from Source 2A – L2]

x To maintain white superiority
x Fear for growing urban population
x Worried they would lose their jobs, culture and language
Any other relevant response (Any 2 x 2) (4)

2.2 2.2.1 [Extraction of evidence from Source 2B – L1]

x White people could not marry people of other races (1 x 2) (2)

2.2.2 [Interpretation of evidence from Source 2B – L2]

x To protect the ‘purity’ of the white race
x To prevent the ’infiltration’ into the white race
x To prevent people from blurring the line between the white
society and everyone else in South Africa
x Any other relevant response (Any 2 x 2) (4)

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12 HISTORY P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020)

2.2.3 [Extraction of evidence from Source 2B – L1]

x Fined
x Jailed
x Social censure (3 x 1) (3)

2.3. 2.3.1 [Extraction of evidence from Source 2C – L1]

x Indian (1 x 1) (1)

2.3.2 [Interpretation of evidence from Source 2C – L2]

JUSTIFIED
x The parents looked beyond the colour line
x They only cared about the happiness of their daughter
x Any other relevant response

NOT JUSTIFIED
x He was not married to their daughter Sherrin yet
x He was breaking the laws of the country
x Any other relevant response (Any 2 x 2) (4)

2.3.3 [Extraction of evidence from Source 2C – L1]

x Sunshine
x Biltong
x Pap and wors (3 x 1) (3)

2.4 2.4.1 [Interpretation of evidence from Source 2D – L2]

x Loving couple prepared to face the risks
x A couple that defied the Prohibition of Marriages Act, Immorality
Act and Group Areas Act
x Any other relevant response (2 x 2) (4)

2.4.2 [Interpretation of evidence from Source 2D – L2]

x Had to be reclassified
x Their children classified as coloured
x Not allowed in white amenities
x Their son not allowed to play rugby
Any other relevant response (Any 2 x 2) (4)

2.5 [Comparison of Source 2B and Source 2C – L3]

x Source 2B indicates that intimate and romantic relations did develop
between white and non-whites and Source 2C shows that an interracial
couple got married
x Source 2B indicates that interracial relations come with serious risks and
Source 2C indicates that Mr Whiteley experienced harassment and
imprisonment
x Any other relevant response (2 x 2) (4)

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) HISTORY P2 13

2.6 [Interpretation, comprehension and synthesis of evidence from sources – L3]

Candidates could include some of the following:

x Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act enforced the government policy of
separate development (own knowledge)
x It banned marriages between European and non-Europeans (Source 2B)
x People were reclassified if they married a person of another race
(Source 2B)
x Interracial couples experienced harassment, imprisonment and fines
(Source 2B and Source 2C)
x Interracial couples had to keep their relationship a secret (own knowledge)
x Mr Whiteley and Sherrin had to flee to Botswana to get married
(Source 2C)
x Lack of amenities for mixed couples (Source 2C)
x Mr Whiteley’s son not allowed to be part of the school rugby team
(Source 2C)
Any other relevant response.

Use the following rubric to allocate marks.

x Uses evidence in an elementary manner, e.g.

shows no or little understanding of how
the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act
LEVEL 1 Marks: 0–2
affected the lives of South Africans.
x Uses evidence partially to report on the topic
or cannot write a paragraph.
x Evidence is mostly relevant and relates to a
great extent to the topic, e.g. shows some
understanding of how the Prohibition of
LEVEL 2 Mixed Marriages Act affected the lives of Marks: 3–4
South Africans.
x Uses evidence in a very basic manner to
write a paragraph.
x Uses relevant evidence, e. g. demonstrates a
thorough understanding of how the
Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act affected
LEVEL 3 the lives of South Africans. Marks: 5–6
x Uses evidence very effectively in an organised
paragraph that shows an understanding of the
topic. (6)
[50]

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14 HISTORY P2 (EC/NOVEMBER 2020)

SECTION B: ESSAY QUESTIONS

QUESTION 3: NATIONALISM IN SOUTH AFRICA – AFRICAN NATIONALISM

[Plan and construct an original argument based on relevant evidence using analytical
and interpretative skills.]

SYNOPSIS
Candidate should explain to what extent African Nationalism was strengthened in
South Africa from 1902 to 1953.

MAIN ASPECTS
Candidates should include the following aspects in their response:
x Introduction: Candidates need to take a stance and demonstrate how African
Nationalism was strengthened in South Africa.

ELABORATION
x Started as a form of resistance to colonialism/segregation
x Formation of the APO in 1902 by Dr Abdurahman
x Protested against the exclusion of blacks from the right to vote
x Delegation to London in 1905 to achieve non-racial franchise, end discrimination
and the right to vote for blacks – Britain ignored the request
x Formation of the SANNC in 1912 to oppose discrimination and to win political
rights
x SANNC wanted to unite everyone who were oppressed by whites
x SANNC sent a delegation to London in 1914 to appeal against the Native Land
Act but were not successful
x In 1923 the SANNC changed its name to the ANC
x Formation of ICU in 1919 addressing the grievances of the black dock workers –
fought against government policies
x ICU had mass support – ANC had the support of the elite
x Formation of the SACP addressing black workers grievances
x Spread of education led to growing awareness of the ideas of freedom and
democracy
x The influence of the Second World War – many blacks involved fought for
freedom and democracy
x Young members of the ANC became more militant and formed the ANC Youth
League
x Youth League accused the ANC of representing the elite and not the masses
x 1953 saw the ANC Freedom charter call for a democratic South Africa regardless
of race
x Any other relevant response

Conclusion: Candidates should tie up their argument with a relevant conclusion. [50]

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(EC/NOVEMBER 2020) HISTORY P2 15

QUESTION 4: APARTHEID SOUTH AFRICA –1940s to 1960s

[Plan and construct an original argument based on relevant evidence using

analytical and interpretative skills.]

SYNOPSIS
Candidates should take a stance on whether Black South Africans violently rebelled
against their discrimination and oppression in the 1950’s.

MAIN ASPECTS
Introduction: Candidates must take a stance to indicate whether they agree or
disagree with the statement.

ELABORATION
x ANC’s Program of Action
x ANC became more militant
x Used boycotts, civil disobedience and uprisings as means of resistance
x May Day stay-away
x Defiance Campaign
x 1952 – break laws on purpose – enter whites only facilities
x Burn passes in public
x Refused to pay fines and wanted jails to become overfull
x Hoped that the apartheid system would crumble
x Some killed and arrested
x Congress Alliance
x Conference held of all racial groups to draw up a constitution
x Freedom Charter
x Met at Kliptown on 25 and 26 of June 1955
x Set a document that represents the aspirations of all South Africans
x Became the blue print for the new constitution of South Africans
x Women’s March to Pretoria (9 August 1956)
x Women forced to carry passes
x 20 000 woman of all races marched to the Union Building
x Leaders of the march – Lilian Ngoyi, Rahima Moosa, Sophie Williams and
Helen Joseph
x Prime Minister, J.G. Strijdom refused to see the women
x When they left, they sang Nkosi Sikeleli Africa
x High treason
x Defiance against apartheid led to the arrest of members of the Congress
Alliance
x Arrested for attempt to overthrow the government
x In 1956 the state arrested 156 activists
x Hearings took place in the ‘Drill Hall’ for two years
x Aim of government was to intimidate people and lead to weakening of
resistance
x By 1961 all accused were set free
x Any other relevant response
Conclusion: Candidates should tie up their argument with a relevant conclusion. [50]

TOTAL: 100

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