Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 6 views

    Transpo RRL

    Uploaded by

    rozelyaon7
    The document reviews literature on public transportation organizations seeking to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. Several studies have explored electric buses and their benefits, including lower lifecycle costs, reduced emissions, and improved efficiency. Additional research has evaluated hybrid electric buses and highlighted the importance of optimizing power management. Further studies also analyze energy consumption of electric vehicles under real-world conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Transpo RRL

    Uploaded by

    rozelyaon7
    6 views4 pages
    The document reviews literature on public transportation organizations seeking to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. Several studies have explored electric buses and their benefits, including lower lifecycle costs, reduced emissions, and improved efficiency. Additional research has evaluated hybrid electric buses and highlighted the importance of optimizing power management. Further studies also analyze energy consumption of electric vehicles under real-world conditions.

    Original Title

    TRANSPO-RRL

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document reviews literature on public transportation organizations seeking to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. Several studies have explored electric buses and their benefits, including lower lifecycle costs, reduced emissions, and improved efficiency. Additional research has evaluated hybrid electric buses and highlighted the importance of optimizing power management. Further studies also analyze energy consumption of electric vehicles under real-world conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    6 views4 pages

    Transpo RRL

    Uploaded by

    rozelyaon7
    The document reviews literature on public transportation organizations seeking to reduce fuel consumption and emissions. Several studies have explored electric buses and their benefits, including lower lifecycle costs, reduced emissions, and improved efficiency. Additional research has evaluated hybrid electric buses and highlighted the importance of optimizing power management. Further studies also analyze energy consumption of electric vehicles under real-world conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    CHAPTER 2

    REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

    Public transportation organizations face unrelenting pressure to deliver cost-effective


    services, with fuel costs constituting a significant portion of their annual budgets, typically
    ranging from 10% to 25% (Brown et al., 2020). These organizations are proactively seeking
    ways to reduce fuel consumption and emissions in the face of fluctuating fuel prices and
    mounting environmental concerns.

    In response to these challenges, research has explored innovative transit solutions.


    Lajunen's 2013 study provides a comprehensive analysis of electric city buses, conducting
    a cost-benefit evaluation grounded in an energy consumption model that considers driving
    patterns, vehicle characteristics, and energy storage systems. This research illuminates the
    cost-effectiveness of powertrain technology, ultimately revealing electric city buses' higher
    energy efficiency and lower lifecycle costs.

    Similarly, the 2021 study by Yusof et al. underscores the environmental benefits of
    electric vehicles (EVs) for public transportation, emphasizing reduced pollution, enhanced
    environmental sustainability, and improved air quality in urban areas.

    In alignment with these findings, Jeffers and Eudy's 2021 study evaluates the
    performance of Proterra battery electric buses in Southern California, showcasing their
    environmental advantages, including reduced emissions and noise pollution, thus
    contributing to a more sustainable and efficient public transportation system.

    The 2014 article "Study on the economic and environmental benefits of different EV
    bus electrification scenarios: A case study in Davis, CA" by Wang et al. further highlights
    the cost-effectiveness and environmental benefits of electric buses, especially when
    combined with renewable energy sources. It explores diverse charging infrastructure
    options, demonstrating that electric buses can significantly reduce greenhouse gas
    emissions and air pollution.
    Moreover, Liu et al.'s 2019 study evaluates the impact of passenger loading on the
    energy consumption of transit buses, revealing the advantages of electric buses in
    recapturing energy and offering valuable insights for transit agencies.

    Lajunen and Lipman's 2016 study complements this narrative by emphasizing the
    energy efficiency and emission reduction benefits of hybrid and electric city buses. Recent
    advancements in engine technology are noted, underscoring the potential for economic and
    environmental advantages through the adoption of these new technologies.

    Additionally, Wang et al.'s 2015 study analyzes the energy consumption of EVs in
    real-world driving conditions, highlighting the importance of driving patterns and traffic
    conditions in determining energy consumption.

    Liu et al.'s 2019 study delves into the energy consumption of hybrid electric buses
    (HEBs) under various driving conditions, stressing the importance of optimizing power
    management for enhanced energy efficiency.

    Salmasi's 2007 analysis of control systems for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs)
    discusses the significance of energy management systems in hybrid drivetrains,
    categorizing different HEV management strategies, and evaluating their benefits and
    drawbacks.

    Furthermore, the report by Eudy and Post in 2021 offers an annual status report on
    the progress of fuel cell electric bus (FCEB) development in the United States, summarizing
    achievements and challenges and providing valuable insights for transit agencies and
    policymakers considering the adoption of fuel cell electric buses.
    Citations:

    Liu, L., Kotz, A., Salapaka, A., Miller, E., & Northrop, W. F. (2019, June 3). Impact of
    Time-Varying Passenger Loading on Conventional and Electrified Transit Bus
    Energy Consumption. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the
    Transportation Research Board, 2673(10), 632–640.
    https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198119852337

    Yusof, N. K., Abas, P. E., Mahlia, T. M. I., & Hannan, M. A. (2021). Techno-
    Economic Analysis and Environmental Impact of Electric Buses. World
    Electric Vehicle Journal, 12(1), 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj12010031

    Chen, Y., Zhang, Y., & Sun, R. (2021). Data-driven estimation of energy
    consumption for electric bus under real-world driving conditions.
    Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 98, 102969.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2021.102969

    Jeffers, Matthew and Leslie Eudy. 2021. Foothill Transit Battery Electric Bus
    Evaluation: Final Report. Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
    NREL/TP-540080022. https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy21osti/80022.pdf.

    Lajunen, A., & Lipman, T. (2016). Lifecycle cost assessment and carbon dioxide
    emissions of diesel, natural gas, hybrid electric, fuel cell hybrid and electric
    transit buses. Energy, 106, 329-342.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.03.075

    Lajunen, A. (2013). Energy consumption and cost-benefit analysis of hybrid and


    electric city buses. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies,
    38, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2013.10.008

    Wang, B., Xu, M., & Yang, L. (2014). Study on the economic and environmental
    benefits of different EV powertrain topologies. Energy Conversion and
    Management, 86, 916-926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2014.05.077
    Eudy, L., & Post, M. (2021, March 1). Fuel Cell Buses in U.S. Transit Fleets: Current
    Status 2020. https://doi.org/10.2172/1772437

    Wang, H., Zhang, X., & Ouyang, M. (2015). Energy consumption of electric vehicles
    based on real-world driving patterns: A case study of Beijing. Applied Energy,
    157, 710-719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.05.057

    Salmasi, Farzad Rajaei. “Control Strategies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Evolution,
    Classification, Comparison, and Future Trends.” IEEE Transactions on
    Vehicular Technology, vol. 56, no. 5, Sept. 2007, pp. 2393–2404,
    https://doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2007.899933.

    You might also like