Lesson 2 Science Technology and Nation Building

OUR LADY OF LOURDES COLLEGE FOUNDATION
Vinzons Ave., Daet, Camarines Norte, 4600 Philippines
COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

FIRST SEMESTER
S.Y. 2023-2024
PRELIM MODULE
GE 7- SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
CHAPTER 1: GENERAL CONCEPTS AND HISTORICAL EVENTS IN SCIENCE,

TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY
LESSON 2: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND NATION BUILDING
INTRODUCTION:
Science, Technology, and Society (STS) is an essential course in the General
Education curriculum for tertiary education. It was conceptualized to develop deep
appreciation and critical understanding of the role of science and technology in the
development of people and the society.
Science, Technology, and Society it deals with the interactions between science and
technology in social, cultural, political and economic contexts. It is an
interdisciplinary course whereby students are engaged in learning myriad of scientific
issues and technological developments.
OVERVIEW:
This lesson will discuss the influence of science and technology in the
development of the Philippine society. It identifies government programs, projects,
and policies geared toward boasting the science and technological capacity of the
country. This lesson will also include discussions on Philippine indigenous science
and technology.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of this lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Discuss the role of science and technology in the Philippine nation-building;
2. Evaluate government policies pertaining to science and technology in terms of
their contributions to nation-building; and
3. Identify actual science and technology policies of the government and appraise
their impact on the development of the Filipino nation.
PRE-TEST:
DIRECTION: Read and analyze the statement carefully. Write your answer on the
space provided.
________________1. Executive department of the Philippine government responsible
for the coordination of science and technology-related projects in the Philippines and
to formulate policies and projects in the fields of science and technology in support of
national development.

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________________2. An attached agency to the Department of Science and
Technology, is an advisory body to the Philippine Government on matters of national
interest.
________________3. A non-profit organization composed of scientists and engineers
of Philippine descent who have distinguished themselves in scholarly and research
related activities.
________________4. His outstanding research on tissue culture in Philippine
mangoes.
________________5. Known internationally in the field of Electrical Engineering;
was elected as officer of the famous Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering.
________________6. Notable for her research on sea snail venom.
________________7. His research on herbal medicine.
LESSON PROPER:
Brief Historical Background of Science and Technology in the Philippines
The early inhabitants of the archipelago had their own culture and traditions:
 Own belief system and indigenous knowledge
 Keeps them organized and sustained their lives and communities for many years
PRE-SPANISH PHILIPPINES
In pre-Spanish Philippines, is embedded in the way of life of the people. Scientific
knowledge is observed in the way they plant their crops, in taking care of animals.
Science is observed in the way they interpret the movements of heavenly bodies to
predict seasons and climates, and organizing days into months and years. They use
science in preparing the soil for agricultural purposes and they discovered the
medicinal uses of plants.
Technology is used by people in building houses, irrigations, and in developing tools
that they can use in everyday life. They develop tools for planting, hunting, cooking,
and fishing; for fighting their enemies during war or tribal conflicts. They also
developed technologies in creating musical instruments.
They also proved that the Metal Age also had a significant influence on the lives of
early Filipinos. The sophisticated designs of gold and silver jewelry, ceramics, and
metal tools that proved their technological ideas helped in the development of
different tools. Also trading with other countries have influence their lives for cultural
and technological exchange. All these ancient practices in science and technology are
considered now as indigenous or folk science.
SPANISH ERA

FIRST SEMESTER
S.Y. 2023-2024
PRELIM MODULE

They brought with their own culture and practices. They established schools and
introduce the concepts of subjects and disciplines. Learning of science in school
focuses on understanding the different concepts related to the human body, plants,
animals, and heavenly bodies. Technology focuses on using and developing house
tools.
Life during the Spanish era became modernized. Filipinos replicated technology
brought by the Spaniards using indigenous materials. Medicine and advanced science
were introduced in formal colleges and universities.
The Galleon trade has brought additional technology and development in the
Philippines. These trades allowed other ideas, crops, tools, and cultural practices,
technology, and Western practices to reach the country. The Philippines, being one of
the centers of global trade in Southeast Asia was considered to be one of the most
developed places in the region.
AMERICAN PERIOD
The American have more influence in the development of the science and technology.
They established the public education system, improved the engineering works and
the health conditions of the people. They established a modern research university, the
University of the Philippines, and created more hospitals. The mineral resources of
the country were also explored and exploited.
The Americans did everything to “Americanize” the Philippines. They reorganized
the learning of science. In basic education, science education focuses on nature
studies and science and sanitation.
World War II has destabilized the development of the country. The country had a
difficult time to rebuild itself from the ruins of the war. The human spirit to survive
and to rebuild the country may be strong but the capacity of the country to bring back
what was destroyed was limited.
NEW REPUBLIC
Since the establishment of new republic, the whole nation focusing on using its
limited resources improving science and technology capability. New republic uses of
Overseas Development allocation to improve scientific productivity and technological
capability. Human resource development focusing on producing more engineers,
scientists, technology experts, doctors and other professional country.

FIRST SEMESTER
S.Y. 2023-2024
PRELIM MODULE
Figure 1. Influences in the

Development of Science and
Technology in the Philippines
Science and technology may have significant impact on the lives of the people and in
the development of the Philippine society. However, improving the quality of science
education still remains as a big challenge in the country. School science from basic
education to graduate education is improving slowly, and there are only few students
enrolling in science and technology courses.
Government Policies on Science and Technology

The Philippine government introduce implemented programs, projects, and policies to
boost the area of science and technology. The goal is to prepare the whole country and
its people to meet the demands of a technologically driven world and capacitate the
people to live in a world driven by science.
3 major Science Agencies in the Philippines

NRCP- National Research Council of the Philippines
DOST- Department of Science and Technology
PAASE- Philippine-American Academy of Science and Engineering
The NCRP clustered these into four, namely;

1. Social Science, Humanities, Education, International Policies and Governance
 Integrating ASEAN awareness in basic education without adding to the
curriculum
 Emphasizing teaching in the mother tongue

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 Developing School infrastructure and providing for ICT broadband
 Local food security
2. Physics, Engineering and Industrial Research, Earth and Space Sciences and
Mathematics
 Emphasizing degrees, licenses, and employment opportunities
 Outright grants for peer monitoring
 Review of R.A. 9184
 Harnessing science and technology as an independent mover of development
3. Medical, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences
 Ensuring compliance of drug manufacturing firms with ASEAN- harmonized
standards by full implementation of the food and drug administration
 Creating an education council dedicated to standardization of pharmaceutical
services and care
 Empowering food and drug agencies to conduct evidence based on research
as pool of information
 Allocating two percent of the GDP to research
 Legislating a law supporting human genome projects
4. Biological Sciences, Agriculture, and Forestry
 Protecting and conserving biodiversity by full implementation of existing law
 Use biosafety and standard model by ASEAN countries
 Promoting indigenous knowledge system and indigenous people’s
conservation
 Formulation of common food and safety standard
There are also other existing programs supported by the Philippine government
through the DOST. Some projects are the following:
1. Providing funds for basic research and patents related to science and
technology. The government funds basic and applied researchers. Funding of
these research and projects are also from the Overseas Development Aid
(ODA) from different countries.
2. Providing scholarship for undergraduate and graduate studies of students in
the field of science and technology. Saloma (2015) pointed out that the
country needs to produce more doctoral graduates in the field of science and
technology, and produce more research in these fields, including engineering.
3. Establishing more branches of the Philippine Science High School System for
training young Filipinos in the field of science and technology.
4. Creating science and technology parks to encourage academe and industry
partnership.
5. Balik Science Program to encourage Filipino scientist abroad to come home
and work in the Philippines or conduct research and projects in collaboration
with Philippine-based scientist.

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6. Developing science and technology parks in academic campuses to encourage
academe and industry partnership.
7. The establishment of the National Science Complex and National Engineering
Complex within the University of the Philippines campus in Diliman. These
aimed to developed more science and technology and engineering manpower
resources needed by the country. They also aimed to produce more researches
in this fields.
The Philippine-American Academy of Science and Engineering (PAASE, 2008)

identified several capacity- building programs such as;
 Establishment of national centers of excellence
 Manpower and institutional development programs, such as the Engineering
and Science Education Program (ESEP) to produced more PhD graduates in
science and engineering.
 Establishment of regional centers to support specific industries that will lead
the country in different research and development areas.
 Establishment of science and technology business centers to assist, advice, and
incubate technopreneurship ventures.
 Strengthen science education at an early stage through the Philippine Science
High School System.
 In the field of education, several science-related programs and projects were
created to develop the scientific literacy of the country. Special science classes
were organized and special science elementary school were established in
different regions. The current K to 12 education program included Science,
Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) as one of its tracks in the
senior high school program to encourage more students to enroll in science
related fields in college.
There are many other areas and fields that the country is looking forward to embark
various research and projects. The following are some of them:
1. Use of an alternative and safe energy 5. Increasing food
production
2. Harnessing mineral resources 6. Preservation of natural
resources
3. Finding cure for various diseases & illness 7. Coping with natural
disasters & calamities
4. Climate change and global warming 8. Infrastructure
development

FIRST SEMESTER
S.Y. 2023-2024
PRELIM MODULE
Figure 2. Development of Science and Technology Policies,

Programs and Project in the Philippines
As shown in Fig.2, the development of science and technology is shaped or

influenced by several variables: policies need to be aligned to national goals, consider
international commitments based on legal frameworks, and respond to various social
needs, issues, and problems. Science and technology policies ensure that the whole
country and al people will experience the progress that science can bring. Policies are
guides to direct all efforts to a goal of developing a scientifically advanced country.
Famous Filipinos in the Field of Science

School science is filled with names of foreign scientists: Einstein, Galileo Galilee,
Newton, Faraday, Darwin, and many other Western scientists. We rarely hear of
Filipino scientists being discussed in science classes. Lee-Chua (2000) identified 10
outstanding Filipino scientists who have made significant contributions in Philippine
science. These scientists are also famous abroad especially in different science
disciplines: agriculture, mathematics, physics, medicine, marine science, chemistry,
engineering, and biology.
These Filipino scientists are:

1. Ramon Cabanos Barba- For his outstanding research on tissue culture in
Philippine mangoes.
2. Josefino Cacas Comiso- For his works on observing the characteristics of
Antartica by using satellite images.
3. Jose Bejar Cruz Jr.- Known internationally in the field of Electrical
Engineering; was elected as officer of the famous Institute of Electrical and
Electronic Engineering.
4. Lourdes Jansuy Cruz- Notable for her research on sea snail venom.
5. Fabian Millar Dayrit- For his research on herbal medicine.
6. Rafael Dineros Guerrero III- For his research on tilapia culture.
7. Enrique Mapua Ostrea Jr.- For inventing the meconium drugs testing.

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8. Lilian Formalejo Patena- For doing research on plant biotechnology.
9. Mari-Jo Panganiban Ruiz- For being an outstanding educator and graph
theorist.
10. Gregory Ligot Tangonan- For his research I the fields of communications
technology
There are other outstanding Filipino scientists who are recognized here and abroad for
their outstanding contributions in science:
 Caesar A. Saloma- an internationally renowned physicist
 Edgardo Gomez- famous scientist in marine science
 William Padolina- chemistry and president of National Academy of Science
and Technology (NAST) Philippines
 Angel Alcala- marine science
Filipino Scientists
Ramon Cabanos Josefino Cacas Jose Bejar Cruz Jr. Lourdes Jansuy
Barba Comiso Cruz
Fabian Millar Rafael Dineros Enrique Mapua Lilian Formalejo

Dayrit Guerrero III Ostrea Jr Patena

FIRST SEMESTER
S.Y. 2023-2024
PRELIM MODULE
Mari-Jo Gregory Ligot Caesar A. Saloma Edgardo Gomez

Panganiban Ruiz Tangonan
William Padolina Angel Alcala
Prepared by:
LU MICHA H. MAIGUE
Instructor

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OUR LADY OF LOURDES COLLEGE FOUNDATION

Vinzons Ave., Daet, Camarines Norte, 4600 Philippines

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES

GE 7- SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

CHAPTER 1: GENERAL CONCEPTS AND HISTORICAL EVENTS IN SCIENCE,