Disk Management.

Disk Partitioning:-
1. Primary Partition In any hard disk you can create only 4 primary
partition
2. Extended Partition

Logical Partition

1. To Identify the device.

[root@server1 ~]#cd /dev ……...<PRESS ENTER>
[root@server1 ~]#ll ……...<PRESS ENTER>

2. To view the free space of the partition.

[root@server1 ~]#df -h /dev/sda5 ……...<PRESS ENTER>
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda5 1008M 190M 767M 20% /
Or
[root@server1 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda5 1008M 190M 767M 20% /
tmpfs 250M 260K 250M 1%
/dev/shm
/dev/sda1 1008M 52M 906M 6%
/boot
/dev/sda7 1008M 34M 924M 4% /home
/dev/sda8 194M 5.7M 179M 4%
/tmp
/dev/sda2 9.9G 2.1G 7.4G 22%
/usr
/dev/sda3 9.9G 3.0G 6.4G 32% /var
/dev/sr0 2.8G 2.8G 0 100%
/media/RHEL_6.0 i386 Disc 1
/dev/mapper/VG1-LV2 97M 5.6M 87M 7%
/data/LV2
3. To list known partition types.
[root@server1 ~]#fdisk -l ……...<PRESS ENTER>

Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders
Units = cylinder of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier : 0x000d5093

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on the cylinder boundary
/dev/sda2 131 1437 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1437 2742 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 2742 5222 19921920 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 2742 2873 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda6 2873 3003 1048576 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda7 3004 3134 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda8 3134 3160 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sda9 3160 3200 327200+ 83 Linux

4. To create a new partition.

[root@server1 ~]#fdisk /dev/sda ……...<PRESS ENTER>

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended

to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m …….<PRESS ENTER>

Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): p …….<PRESS ENTER>

Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000d5093

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 131 1437 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1437 2742 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 2742 5222 19921920 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 2742 2873 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda6 2873 3003 1048576 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda7 3004 3134 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda8 3134 3160 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sda9 3160 3200 327200+ 83 Linux

Command (m for help): n …….<PRESS ENTER>

First cylinder (3003-5222, default 3003): 3201 …….<PRESS
ENTER>
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (3201-5222, default 5222): 3250
…….<PRESS
ENTER>

Command (m for help): p …….<PRESS ENTER>

Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000d5093
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 131 1437 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1437 2742 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 2742 5222 19921920 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 2742 2873 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda6 2873 3003 1048576 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda7 3004 3134 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda8 3134 3160 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sda9 3160 3200 327200 83 Linux
/dev/sda10 3201 3250 401593+ 83 Linux

Command (m for help): w …….<PRESS ENTER>

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or
resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@server1 ~]# partx /dev/sda …….<PRESS ENTER>
OR
sudo partprobe /dev/sdb

Warning: WARNING: the kernel failed to re-read the partition table on /dev/sda
(Device or resource busy). As a result, it may not reflect all of your changes
until after reboot.
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0
has been opened read-only.
or
[root@server1 ~]# init 6 …….<PRESS ENTER>

5. To format the partition.

[root@server1 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda10 …….<PRESS ENTER>
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
warning: 183 blocks unused.

Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=1024 (log=0)
Fragment size=1024 (log=0)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
100744 inodes, 401409 blocks
20079 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=1
Maximum filesystem blocks=67633152
49 block groups
8192 blocks per group, 8192 fragments per group
2056 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
8193, 24577, 40961, 57345, 73729, 204801, 221185

Writing inode tables: done

Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 27 mounts or

180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

6. To set label formatted partition.

[root@server1 ~]# e2label /dev/sda10 /new …….<PRESS ENTER>
[root@server1 ~]# e2label /dev/sda10 …….<PRESS ENTER>

7. To view the drive label.

[root@server1 ~]# cd /dev/disk/by-label/ …….<PRESS ENTER>
[root@server1 by-label]# ll …….<PRESS ENTER>
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Jan 1 10:52 RHEL_6.0\x20i386\x20Disc\x201 -
> ../../sr0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Jan 1 10:59 \x2fnew -> ../../sda10

8. To mount a partition Temporarily.

[root@server1 ~]# mkdir /new …….<PRESS ENTER>
[root@server1 ~]# mount /dev/sda10 /new …….<PRESS ENTER>
[root@server1 ~]# mount …….<PRESS ENTER>
/dev/sda5 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sda7 on /home type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sda8 on /tmp type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sda2 on /usr type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sda3 on /var type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sda9 on /acl type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw)
gvfs-fuse-daemon on /root/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev)
/dev/sr0 on /media/RHEL_6.0 i386 Disc 1 type iso9660
(ro,nosuid,nodev,uhelper=udisks,uid=0,gid=0,iocharset=utf8,mode=0400,dmod
e=0500)
/dev/sda10 on /new type ext4 (rw)

9. To mount a partition permanently.

Note: to get the blocked or uuid of any partition use the below command
blkid
[root@server1 ~]# vi /etc/fstab …….<PRESS ENTER>
<PRESS> i

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Tue Jan 1 09:37:27 2013
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=aea71178-a303-4725-8854-0b065575865e / ext4 defaults 11
UUID=4c51ce83-4c2e-4f23-8fd1-cc0e7c384990 /boot ext4 defaults
12
UUID=2fe9c195-d708-447c-b18c-f43c14ff021e /home ext4 defaults
12
UUID=7617828f-bd14-4773-9bc9-2e8f2d68cd40 /tmp ext4 defaults 12
UUID=d239eeb0-3190-4423-b2c1-c88d7599e20e /usr ext4 defaults 12
UUID=6cd376da-5dab-4f57-8d6a-0293d494e009 /var ext4 defaults 12
UUID=0350a0d9-35e1-4741-b1b8-8c046499d992 swap swap defaults
00
UUID=33d2e7ba-f014-42bd-938b-0b05f6887033 /acl ext4 defaults 00
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 00
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 00
proc /proc proc defaults 00
/dev/sda10 /new ext4 defaults
00
<ESC>
:wq!
Right click on it
Or and select copy
Paste it into fstab

[root@server1 ~]# cd /dev/disk/by-uuid/ …….<PRESS ENTER>

[root@server1 by-uuid~]# ll …….<PRESS ENTER>
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jan 1 11:19 0350a0d9-35e1-4741-b1b8-
8c046499d992 -> ../../sda6
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 11 Jan 1 11:19 12d19b6a-eb43-4e35-88a3-
ebf3e11f686d -> ../../sda10
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jan 1 11:19 2fe9c195-d708-447c-b18c-
f43c14ff021e -> ../../sda7
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jan 1 11:19 33d2e7ba-f014-42bd-938b-
0b05f6887033 -> ../../sda9
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jan 1 11:19 4c51ce83-4c2e-4f23-8fd1-
cc0e7c384990 -> ../../sda1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jan 1 11:19 6cd376da-5dab-4f57-8d6a-
0293d494e009 -> ../../sda3
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jan 1 11:19 7617828f-bd14-4773-9bc9-
2e8f2d68cd40 -> ../../sda8
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jan 1 11:19 aea71178-a303-4725-8854-
0b065575865e -> ../../sda5
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Jan 1 11:19 d239eeb0-3190-4423-b2c1-
c88d7599e20e -> ../../sda2

[root@server1 ~]# vi /etc/fstab …….<PRESS ENTER>

<PRESS> i

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Tue Jan 1 09:37:27 2013
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=aea71178-a303-4725-8854-0b065575865e / ext4 defaults 11
UUID=4c51ce83-4c2e-4f23-8fd1-cc0e7c384990 /boot ext4 defaults
12
UUID=2fe9c195-d708-447c-b18c-f43c14ff021e /home ext4 defaults
12
UUID=7617828f-bd14-4773-9bc9-2e8f2d68cd40 /tmp ext4 defaults 12
UUID=d239eeb0-3190-4423-b2c1-c88d7599e20e /usr ext4 defaults 12
UUID=6cd376da-5dab-4f57-8d6a-0293d494e009 /var ext4 defaults 12
UUID=0350a0d9-35e1-4741-b1b8-8c046499d992 swap swap defaults
00
UUID=33d2e7ba-f014-42bd-938b-0b05f6887033 /acl ext4 defaults 00
UUID=12d19b6a-eb43-4e35-88a3-ebf3e11f686d /new ext4 defaults
00
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 00
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 00
proc /proc proc defaults 00

<ESC>
:wq!
[root@server1 ~]#mkdir /new …….<PRESS ENTER>
[root@server1 ~]#mount –t ext4 /dev/sda10/new …….<PRESS
ENTER>
[root@server1 ~]#mount …….<PRESS ENTER>
/dev/sda5 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sda7 on /home type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sda8 on /tmp type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sda2 on /usr type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sda3 on /var type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sda9 on /acl type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sda10 on /new type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw)
gvfs-fuse-daemon on /root/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev)
/dev/sr0 on /media/RHEL_6.0 i386 Disc 1 type iso9660
(ro,nosuid,nodev,uhelper=udisks,uid=0,gid=0,iocharset=utf8,mode=0400,dmod
e=0500)

10. To umount a partition.

[root@server1 ~]# umount /dev/sda10 …….<PRESS ENTER>
[root@server1 ~]# mount …….<PRESS ENTER>
/dev/sda5 on / type ext4 (rw)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw)
/dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sda7 on /home type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sda8 on /tmp type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sda2 on /usr type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sda3 on /var type ext4 (rw)
/dev/sda9 on /acl type ext4 (rw)
none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw)
sunrpc on /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs type rpc_pipefs (rw)
nfsd on /proc/fs/nfsd type nfsd (rw)
gvfs-fuse-daemon on /root/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev)
/dev/sr0 on /media/RHEL_6.0 i386 Disc 1 type iso9660
(ro,nosuid,nodev,uhelper=udisks,uid=0,gid=0,iocharset=utf8,mode=0400,dmod
e=0500)

11. To delete a partition.

[root@server1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda …….<PRESS ENTER>

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended

to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): m …….<PRESS ENTER>

Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): d …….<PRESS ENTER>

Partition number (1-10): 10 …….<PRESS ENTER>

Command (m for help): p …….<PRESS ENTER>

Disk /dev/sda: 42.9 GB, 42949672960 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 5221 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x000d5093

Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System

/dev/sda1 * 1 131 1048576 83 Linux
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2 131 1437 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 1437 2742 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 2742 5222 19921920 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 2742 2873 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda6 2873 3003 1048576 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda7 3004 3134 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda8 3134 3160 204800 83 Linux
/dev/sda9 3160 3200 327200 83 Linux

Command (m for help): w …….<PRESS ENTER>

The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or
resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
[root@server1 ~]# partx -a /dev/sda …….<PRESS ENTER>
or
[root@server1 ~]# init 6 …….<PRESS ENTER>

12. To view partition type.

[root@server1 ~]# fdisk /dev/sda …….<PRESS ENTER>

WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended

to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): m …….<PRESS ENTER>
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)

Command (m for help): l …….<PRESS ENTER>

0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf

Solaris
1 FAT12 39 Plan 9 82 Linux swap / So c1
DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 3c PartitionMagic 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec
(FAT-
3 XENIX usr 40 Venix 80286 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6
DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16<32M 41 PPC PReP Boot 85 Linux extended
c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 42 SFS 86 NTFS volume set da Non-
FS data
6 FAT16 4d QNX4.x 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M /
CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 88 Linux plaintext
de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 8e Linux LVM df
BootIt
9 AIX bootable 50 OnTrack DM 93 Amoeba e1 DOS
access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 94 Amoeba BBT
e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 52 CP/M 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a0 IBM Thinkpad hi
eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a5 FreeBSD ee
GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 55 EZ-Drive a6 OpenBSD ef EFI
(FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 56 Golden Bow a7 NeXTSTEP f0
Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 5c Priam Edisk a8 Darwin UFS f1
SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 61 SpeedStor a9 NetBSD f4
SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 63 GNU HURD or Sys ab Darwin boot
f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 64 Novell Netware af HFS / HFS+ fb
VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 65 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc
VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 70 DiskSecure Mult b8 BSDI swap
fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX bb Boot Wizard hid fe
LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 80 Old Minix be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1

Command (m for help): w …….<PRESS ENTER>

The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.

WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or
resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.