IE-Topic-17 - Silicon Control Rectifier
IE-Topic-17 - Silicon Control Rectifier
IE-Topic-17 - Silicon Control Rectifier
Topic 17 – S C R
A Introduction
In this topic, we will discus on the principle operation of a SCR and its
application.
Anode
Gate
Cathode
1) Basically an SCR is a diode, but it cannot conduct without any signal fed
to its gate, even with positive voltage applied to its anode.
a) force conduction;
3) Force Conduction
4) Normal Conduction
b) Without the gate voltage the SCR will not conduct, as shown in Fig
17.2a.
Anode RL
No No
Gate Load
Current S1 Current
DC
Gate Cathode
Power
RG Source
DC gate voltage
Anode RL
Gate
Current Load
S1 Current
DC
Gate Cathode
Power
RG Source
DC gate voltage
d) Removal of the gate pulse does not turn off the SCR.
e) To turn off the SCR, place a shorting wire across the SCR anode
and cathode terminals, as shown in Fig 17.2c.
Shorting
No Anode Wire
Current A
RL
No Load
Gate Current
Current S1 G
DC
C
Power
RG Source
DC gate voltage
f) This reduces the current through the SCR below the rated holding
current (IH).
g) This turns off the SCR, and it will not be turned on again until S 1 is
closed.
h) Opening the anode load circuit, as shown in Fig 17.2d, can also
turn off the SCR.
S2
Anode RL
No No
Gate Load
Current S1 Current
DC
Gate Cathode
Power
RG Source
DC gate voltage
i) In this case, opening switch S2 will reduce the load current to zero.
5) The SCR is then turned on with a small gate current known as the
gate trigger current (IGT).
7) Once fired, the SCR will remain in conduction as long as the anode
current is not allowed to drop below the holding current value.
4 SCR RATINGS
Nitec in Electrical Technology Page 4
Industrial Electronics
Topic 17 – S C R
C SNUBBER NETWORK
D AC-TO-DC CONVERTER
2) The variable dc voltage is then used for the speed control of dc motors.
SCR
Load
SCR
Trigger
circuit
f) The SCR will not conduct during the next negative half-cycle.
j) Thus the phase of the firing delay angle control the amount
of power delivered to the load.
Fig 17.6 shows how two SCR can be combined with a center-tapped
transformer to accomplish full-wave power control.
SCR2 conducts.
(c) The current through the load always flows in the same
direction, just as in a full-wave dc power supply.
SCR
R1
47 k D2
AC
12v
AC
Speed
C
Adjust R2
0.02F
Pot 1 k
25 k
D1 Arm.
Armature
c) The anode and the gate voltage are taken from the mains supply
source.
e) When the wiper of the variable resistor moves up, the voltage at
the gate is nearly equal to the ac input voltage.
f) The firing delay angle will be very small and the conducting angle
will be large.
j) The lower gate voltage will increase the firing delay angle.
(o) As can be seen, it is impossible for the motor to attain 100 % of its
full rated speed because the system can deliver only half-wave
power to the motor.
AC Field
i) The capacitor C will discharge via D1, R1 and the field coil winding.
E AC VOLTAGE CONTROLLER
a) Lighting controls
Load
Control
Control
F DC-TO-AC INVERTER
synchronous motors.
G DC-TO-DC CONVERTER
3) The basic circuit diagram of the dc chopper and its output voltage
waveform is shown in Fig 17.11.