FLUID MECHANICS LAB LAYOUT

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 LAB LAYOUT
1. Bernoulli’s Apparatus
2. Energy losses in pipes (Hydraulic Bench)
3. Osborne Reynold’s Apparatus
4. Metacentric Height Apparatus
5. Flow through an Orifice
6. Free and Forced vortices Apparatus
7. Hydraulic Bench
8. Hydraulic Ram
9. Jet and Orifice Apparatus
10. Fluid particle System
11. Cavitation Demonstration unit
12. Losses in bends (Hydraulic Bench)
13. Impact of Jet Bench (Hydraulic Bench)
14. F791 Nozzle Performance test unit

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 EXPERIMENT NO. 1
“To study the construction and working of Hydraulic bench”
1 Objective
i. To study the construction and working of Hydraulic bench.
2 Apparatus
i. Hydraulic Bench

3. Introduction
The Hydraulic Bench is a fundamental tool in fluid mechanics laboratories, engineering
education, and research institutions. It plays a crucial role in practical experiments for
understanding fluid flow, pressure, velocity, and behavior in pipes and channels. This equipment
facilitates hands-on learning and experimentation, making it an essential component in hydraulic
studies and research. In this brief introduction, we will explore its key components and
applications, emphasizing its importance in hydraulic education and research.

3 Theory
• Hydraulic Bench
One of the fundamental apparatus used in fluid mechanics labs is Hydraulic bench. It can be used
for various purposes, for example, for verification of Bernoulli’s equation, to determine the
coefficient of discharge and coefficient of velocity of small orifice etc.

3.1 Parts of Hydraulic bench

There are following parts of hydraulic bench:
i. Sump tank
ii. Centrifugal pump
iii. Vertical pipe

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 iv. Control valve
v. Connector
vi. Channel
vii. Drain valve
viii. Side channels
ix. Volumetric tank
x. Dump valve
xi. Actuator
xii. Overflow
xiii. Starter

Fundamentals of Hydraulic Bench:

The Hydraulic Bench is a versatile apparatus used in fluid mechanics experiments to study
and demonstrate fundamental principles related to hydraulic and fluid flow. Its core
components and functions include:

1. Water Supply: The hydraulic bench is equipped with a water supply system, typically
connected to a water source such as a tap. This system provides a continuous and controlled
flow of water to conduct experiments.

2. Flow Control Valve: A flow control valve allows users to regulate the flow rate of water
through the system. This is crucial for adjusting flow rates to match specific experimental
requirements.

3. Flow Measurement Devices: Hydraulic benches often incorporate flow measurement

devices like rotameters or flowmeters. These devices enable the precise measurement of
water flow rates in experiments.

4. Piping and Fittings: The bench includes a network of pipes, tubes, and fittings that allow
the water to flow through different sections of the apparatus. These components help
simulate various hydraulic scenarios, such as pipe friction and pipe networks.

5. Pressure Measurement: Pressure gauges or manometers are integrated into the bench to
measure the pressure of the flowing water at different points in the system. This is vital for
understanding pressure variations in fluid flow.

6. Hydraulic Jump Demonstration: Some hydraulic benches have features like a spillway
or hydraulic jump apparatus. These are used to study phenomena like hydraulic jumps and
flow characteristics in open channels.

7. Pump and Reservoir: In some cases, hydraulic benches incorporate a pump and a
reservoir to maintain a constant water supply and pressure. This ensures a consistent flow
for experiments.

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 8. Control Panel: Modern hydraulic benches often come with digital control panels that
allow users to set and monitor flow rates, pressure, and other parameters with precision.

Fundamental principles and experiments that can be conducted using a hydraulic bench
include:

Bernoulli's Principle: Demonstrating the relationship between fluid velocity, pressure, and
elevation.

low Visualization: Observing and studying fluid flow patterns in pipes and channels.

Pipe Friction: Investigating the impact of pipe length, diameter, and roughness on friction
losses.

Minor Losses: Analyzing losses at pipe fittings, valves, and contractions/expansions in the
flow path.

Flow through Orifices and Nozzles: Studying the discharge of water through different
openings and how it relates to the velocity and area.

Flow through Venturi Meter and Orifice Meter: Determining flow rates using these flow
measurement devices.

Pump Characteristics: Exploring the performance and efficiency of pumps connected to

the hydraulic bench.

In summary, the Hydraulic Bench is an indispensable tool for conducting hands-on

experiments that elucidate fundamental principles of fluid mechanics, making it an
essential asset in engineering education and research related to hydraulic systems and fluid
dynamics.

Calculations:
We use a formula to determine the flow rate of the water. We use symbol Q as the representation
of the flow rate it is obtained by dividing the volume of that substance with respect to the time.

Flow Rate = Q = Volume/Time = V/T

Sr. no Volume(m^3) Time(s) Flow Rate(m^3/s)

1 0.001 17.39 0.000057
2 0.005 18.05 0.000277
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