Reviewer Tle

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NAILS - are specialized form of skin. Nail is a plate of keratin.

Main purpose of nails is to serve as a layer of


protection.
Three parts of nail is:
 Body
 nail root
 free edge
• Nail Body or Nail Plate - a visible portion of the nail that is attached to the nail bed.
• Nail root - the beginning of nail found at the base and is embedded underneath the skin.
• Free edge - end portion of the nails, It is shaped during manicure.
• Nail bed - the skin upon which the nail body or nail plate reels.
• Matrix - part of the nail bed and is located beneath the nail root.
• Lunula - half-moon shape found at the base of the nail. The matrix connects with the nail bed.
• Cuticle - the overlapping skin around the nail.
• Eponychium - cuticle extension at the base of the nail body which partly overlaps the lunula.
• Hyponychium - portion of the skin overlapping the sides of the nail.
• Nail Grooves - are slits or tracks in the skin at the side of the nail upon which the nail moves as grows.
• Mantle - deep fold of the skin in which the nail root is embedded.
SHAPES OF THE NAIL
• Round nail - this is a strong shape which is great for those who keep their nails short. It can grow for
approximately 1.5 mm
• Oval nail - this is common among people with long perfect nail beds. Most often this type of nail has a natural
look.
• Squoval nail - as the oval shape followed by squaring off the tip, this give the nail tip strength over the
oval shape.
• Square nail - the square shape of nails is the most famous among the nail shape.
• Stiletto/pointed nail - filed away at the sides to a point at the tip, this shape is very
weak.
BASIC NAIL DESIGN
• Plain manicure - it is the traditional application of nail polish to the entire nail plate.
• Half moon - applying of nail polish over the whole nail plate except the area of lunula.
• Half moon with tip - application of colored nail polish over the whole nail plate except the area of
lunula and tip of the nail.
• French manicure or Tip design - application of white nail polish on the tips. It's
suitable for short nails and those with moderate length of nails.
• Elephant tusk - application of nail polish to create S curve, leaving a slightly larger gap along the nail
walls.
MATERIALS
• SOLVENT - is a substance used to thin out the nail polish when it has thickened.
• TOE NAIL SEPERATOR - is a sort material where toes are inserted to keep them apart to prevent a
freshly painted toenail from staining another toe.
• TOP COAT - is a clear nail polish applied to the nails after the colored polish to protect it from scratches and
chips, it makes nails harder and keep them looking shiny.
•TOWEL - is an absorbent cloth for drying the hands and feet.
•WET SANITIZER - is a substance or preparation for killing germs.
• ANTISEPTIC SOLUTION - is a agent that reduces or prevents the multiplication of micro-organisms.
• APRON - an outer protective garment that covers primaly the front the body to protect clothes prom dirt or stains.
• ASSORTED COLORED NAIL POLISH - a lacquer applied on finger nails and toenails to
decorate and protect the nail plate.
• BASE COAT - a clear layer of polish applied to the nail plate before the application of colored polish to smoothen
surface for color and promote healthier nails.
• BENZALCONIUM CHLORIDE - a yellow-white powder prepared an aqueous solution used as surface
disinfectant and tropical antiseptic.
• BLEACHING SOAP - a soap formulated to whiten the skin.
• CLING WRAP - a thin plastic film used for sealing the paraffin during a hand spa.
• COTTON - a soft white downy fiber for dubbing or cleaning the nails and removing nail polish.
• CUTICLE OIL - a mixture of fats and waxes containing lanolin and petrolium base to soften and lubricate the
skin around the nails.
• CUTICLE REMOVER - a liquid used to soften nail cuticles and prepare them to be cut.
•DISINFECTANT - an agent, such as heat, codiation, or a chemical, that destroys, neutralizes, or prevent the
growth of disease. carrying microorganism
• EMERY BOARD - a wooden, sand paper-like stick with a fine texture on fine texture on one -side and coarse
texture on the other side used to gently grind down the edges of the nail.
• LOTION - any of vanous cosmetic preparations that are applied to soften the skin.
•MANICURE PILLOW - a hand cushion that helps client to keep her hands steady and relaxed.
• NAIL HARDENER - a liquid applied to the nails to form a protective barrier to prevent chipping, peeling and
splitting of nails.
• NAIL POLISH REMOVER (ACETONE) - an organic solvent used to dissolve old polish on
nails.
• QUICK DRY - a liquid applied to colored nail polish to dry faster.
• FIRST AID KIT - a collection of supplies for use in giving first aid.
• FOOT BLUSH - a liquid spray that contains peppermint and alpha hydroxyl acids derived from fruits that whisks
away dead skins cells, deodorizes and soften the feet, giving it pinking glow after use.
• FOOT SOAK - an herbal blend to relax, energize, soothe and deadorize the feet.
• FOOT SCRUB - a mixture natural ingredients to keep soft smooth and moisturized.
• GARBAGE BINS/BAGS - are plastic disposable bags or trash receptacles. used to contain rubbish to
keep the place clean.
• HAND TOWEL - is an absorbent cloth for drying the hands.
TOOLS
• CALLUS REMOVER - a tool designed to strip off callusses and coms.
• CUTICLE NAIL PUSHER- a tool used to push back and loosen the cuticles.
• CUTICLE SCISSOR - an implement to cut stubborn cuticles.
• FOOT FILE - made of metal or sandpaper, with rough file on one side to remove callusses and a fine file on the
other to smoothen the feet.
• CONTAINER FOR COTTON - a small container where cotton balls are placed
• CUTICLE NEPPER - an implement used to cut the cuticles.
• FINGER OR MANICURE BOWL - a small bowl used for soaking the fingi to soften the cuticles.
• FOOTSPA BASIN - a large rectangular container used for bathing and soaking the feet when giving a
pedicure.
• MANICURE TRAY - a flat container where all the necessary tools and Implements are placed for use by the
manicurist.
• MIXING BOWL - a small open-top rounded up like container used for mixing the aromatic oils and other fluids
for the hand or foot spa.
• NAIL CUTTER - a hand tool made of metal used to trim finger nails and toenails
• ORANGEWOOD STICK - an implement with pointed and rounded ends to remove excess polish.
• PUMICE STONE - A type of volcanic rock which is actually frothy lava solidified to form a pecous rock to
remove dry and annoying skin of the feet as well as calluses.
• MANICURE BRUSH - plastic handled brush with nylon bristles used to clean dirt and cosmetic residue the
mail surface and skin of the hands.
• NAIL BUFFER - an implement used for smoothening and polishing the nails
• NAIL FILE - an implement used to shape the free edges of the nail with the coarse side and bevel the noul with
the firer side.
• PEDICURE NAIL BRUSH - a tool used to brush off and remove cosmetics residues and cleanse nails of
the feet
. • SUPPLY TRAY - is a flat container that holds cosmetics and implements the necessary
EQUIPMENT
• CHAIRS are seats with back support which have four legs and some have resta for arms
• FOOT SPA MACHINE - an electronic gadget used for soaking bathing and massaging the feet during a foot
spa.
• FOOT SPA STOOL - a simple seat with three or four legs designed to provide comfort and elevation during
a foot spa.
• HAND SPA MACHINE - an electronic gadget used to soothe pain of arthrits, muscles spasms and dry
cracked skin of the hands.
• MANICURIST'S CHAIR / STOOL - the adjustable upholstered seat fitted metal or chrome.
• MANICURE TABLE - a furniture especially designed for giving manicure usually it has a laminated plastic
surface and a drawer for storing materials. It is often fitted with ball coster for easy mobility.
• STERILIZER - an equipment in an solution used for sterilizing metal implements to kill micro-organisms
• TIMER - a device that can be preset to start or stop something at given time.
After every working session (SALON), the following
should be done:
a. Tools which are made of plastic should be kept clean and sanitized properly in preparation for the next patron.
b. Empty bottles and containers are discarcled in a covered trash bin.
c. Used treatment products and other chemicals are stored, arranged and properly labeled in the cabinet.
d. Finger bowls must be sanitized before use of every client.
e. The hand and foot spa machines must be flushed with a solution of about 5% bleach and circulate the liquid through the
system for at least 10 minutes.
f. Leave the solution in the hand and foot spa machines overnight or at least 5-10 hours before draining the machines so that
they are thoroughly sanitized.
g. Tabletops and door handles are wiped with disinfectant and the floor should be mopped with disinfectant as well. h. Metal
tools and instruments must be sterilized following proper sterilization techniques. After the process, store in a dry cabinet
until needed.
i. Tools/Implements which are made of porous materials such as nail files, buffers, nail brushes and orangev/ood sticks can
harbor bacteria easily. Since they are wood products which cannot be sterilized, these tools should not be reused.
j. Waste materials should be disposed propery in an enclosed waste bin fitted with polythene bag. The bin should be sanitized
with disinfectant regularly in a well-ventilated area. Remember to wear protective gloves while doing this. k. Cortaminated
wastes should be disposed as recommended by local authority.
L. Any tool or equipment in poor condition must be repaired immediately or disposed propery so as not to pose danger to the
clients as well as the beauticians.
Proper Handling of Nail Care Tools and Equipment
Nail File
• Hold the file firmly in the right or left hand (as the case may be), with the thumb underneath it for support and the
other four fingers on its upper surface.
• Place the file slightly under the free edge and file the nail from comer to center, shaping the nail.
• Never file back and forth; this would cause the nails to crack and split.
• Do not file deep into the corners; this weakens the nails, hurt the skin, and cause ingrown nails.
Emery Board
• It is held in the same manner as the nail file.
• Bevel the rough surface of the nail using the fine side to smoothen it.
• Emery boards are discarded after use on one person.
Orangewood Stick
• It is held in the same manner as in writing with a pencil.
• To loosen cuticle, work around nail,
• For applying oil or solvent, slightly dip the cotton- tipped orangewood stick and work around the base of the nail.
• To clean under the free edge of the nail, from the center toward each side, with gentle pressure.
• So that live tissue at the root of the nail will not be injured.
Cuticle Nail Pusher
• It is held in the same manner as in writing with a pencil. The dull spade side is used to push back and loosen the cuticles.
• Keep cuticle moist using cuticle remover while working.
• Use the cuticle pusher in a flat position to remove dead cuticle adhering to the nail without scratching the nail plate.
• In using the pusher, avoid too much pressure to prevent Injury on tissues.
Cuticle Nipper
• Pick up the cuticle nipper by the handles and turn the cutting edges towards you.
• Place the bent tip of the index finger over the top of the shank.
• Place the thumb on the side of the handle and the remaining fingers over the opposite handle.
• Use it with utmost care to remove dead cuticle and hangnails so as not to injure live tissue.
Nail Cutter
• Hold clippers with cutting edges downward between thumb, index and middle finger.
• Press clipper handles by squeezing them together and remove excess nail length.
Nail Brush
• Insert the ring finger and pinky in the nail brush handle and brush the nails with a downward motion from the base to the
fingertips to clean the nails and fingers.

Nail Buffer
• Place the thumb and the ring finger under the handle of the buffer while the index and the middle fingers are on its top
and the pinky is on its side.
• Apply a small amount of powder over the buffer then buff the nails with downward strokes from the base to the free
edge of each nail until a smooth clear gloss has been obtained.
• Buffing helps in giving the nail natural gloss and increases blood circulation to the fingertips.
• To prevent heating and burning sensation, lift the buffer from the nail after each stroke.
Foot File
• Start with the course side of the foot file.
• Gently slide it back and forth across the ball of your foot and the bottom the toes.
• Still with the rough side of the file work mostly on the outside rim of the heel.
• Flip the file over and repeat the process with each foot.
• The fine side will smoothen the skin and leave it feeling polished.
Callous Remover
• Insert the blade into the callous remover with care.
• Lay the callous remover on the top thick part of the callous.
• Do not lay the blade above the area that is going to be cut, as this may result in cutting the soft part of the foot,
resulting to open wound.
• Applying light pressure with a steady hand on the callous remover, gently glide it over the callous.
• Repeat the process if necessary until the callous is thinner.
• Smoothen the callous with a foot file.

Pumice Stone
• After soaking the feet in warm soapy water use the pumice stone to gently buff away cracked or dry skino the feet with
a soft, circular motion.
• Never apply heavy pressure to the pumice for this can cause sores, open wounds and possible infection Hand and Foot Spa
Machine
• Make sure that electrical wirings are dry and protected from accidental water spillage.
• Set the machine to the temperature that the client can with stand.
KEEPING TOOLS AND EQUIDMENT SAFE, CLEAN AND FUNCTIONAL
 Keeping implements and quipment safe, clean and functional is part of basic proventive and corrective maintenance
Taking of your care of your tools mears taking care clients. The use of sanitary tools and equipment. can cause
bacterial and fungal infections there are several methods of cleaning and sterilization used to Loved the spread of
discose causing organisms.
 Sanitation and Sterilization of Nail Care
Equipment and Implements
STERILIZATION - is the process of destroying all living micro-organisms
SANITIZATION is the process of destroying some not all microorganisms
DISINFECTANT - is a subtance used to control micro-organisms non-living surfaces such as tools,
equipment and furniture/fixtures.
ANTISEPTIC - is an agent that prevents the multiplication of microorganisms.
 STERILIZATION OF METAL IMPLEMENTS
a) Prepare the metal implements for sterilization by washing them in warm soapy water to remove. dirt and residues.
b) Sterilize metal implements in a hospital-grade disinfectant after cach use.
c) Immerse the tools in the disinfectant for 10 minutes
d) Remove the implements from solution. let them air dry or wipe them dry.
e) keep sterilized metal implements in an airtight, zipper-sealed bag to avoid. exposure to dirt and bacteria Make sure
tools are completely dry before storing them.
f) use the boiling method to sterilize metal implements once a month.
SANITIZATION OF EQUIPMENT
a) read directions on disinfectant carefully.
b) Measure and mix the disinfectant as directed.
c) saturate a cleaning cloth with disinfectant solution and wipe entire surface area of equipment.
d) wipe the surface dry with paper towel to dry it.
e) Dispose of sanitizing solution and used towels.
Keeping the Workplace Clean and Safe
 Keeping the workplace clean and safe is as important as keeping your tools and equipment clean and functionals.
Clients consider the appearance and ambiance of a salon when looking to receive nail care service. An establishment
gains the trust and patronage of clients when they feel. comfortable and saft in it.

 Onsence the following practices. to keep the salon


clean and safe..
1. Keep the beauty salon in good sanitary condition. It must he well-lit and well-ventilated.
2. The salon must be free from pests like rodents, vermin, fils, or other similar insects.
3. The stablishment must have access to clean continuos hot and cold water.
4. The furniture and fixtures must be kept clean and organized curtains and floor coverings in the salon must be
replaced. and washed regularly.
5. Do not let hair, nail trimmings, used cotton, and other Similar wastes accumulate on the floor. Remove them
immediately. Throw them in a trash bin and close thelid clean the salon premises of frequent intervals. 6. Keep
restrooms clean and stocked with the necessary hygience products.
7. Each beautician must maintain good personal hygiene and wear a clean uniform while working on clients 8. A
freshly laundered towels must be provided to each client.
9. All waste material should be disposed of in an endosed waste bin fitted with polythale bin liner durable enough to
resist tearing.

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