Strength of Materials

1. Stress represents the (a) external force acting on the body (b) pressure setup with in the body material (c) force by which the material of the body opposes the deformation (d) resistance per unit area to deformation by internal forces 2. The deformation per unit length in the direction of load is called (a) lateral strain (b) shear strain (c) linear or longitudinal strain (d) volumetric strain 3. A shaft of diameter d and length l has been loaded axially. The ratio of change in diameter to the original diameter is known as (a) longitudinal strain (b) shear strain (c) volumetric strain (d) lateral strain 4. Modulus of elasticity is defined as the ratio of (a) axial stress to lateral strain (b) axial stress to axial strain (c) lateral strain to longitudinal strain (d) axial stress to volumetric strain 5. Dimensional formula for Young's modulus of elasticity is (a) ML-1y-2 (c) M-1L-1y-1 (b) MLT-2 (d) ML-2T-2

6. Measurements have been made for the Young's modulus of elasticity for mild steel specimen both in tension and compression. The ratio Et/Ec will be approximately equal to (a) 0.5 (b) 0.75 (c) 1.0 (d) 1. 25 7. A perfectly elastic body (a) can move freely (b) has a perfectly smooth surface (c) is not deformed by any external surface (d) recovers its original size and shape when the deforming force is removed

8. Which amongst the following substances, is most elastic? (a) brass (b) glass (c) rubber (d) steel 9. Young's modulus of elasticity for a perfectly rigid body is (a) zero (b) unity (c) infinity (d) some finite non-zero constant 10. Which of the following materials is expected to have the least value of Young's modulus of elasticity? (n) wood (b) copper (c) glass (d) aluminum 11. The value of modulus of elasticity for steel is (a) 2 x 105 kgf/ cm2 (b) 0.5 x 106 kgf/ cm2 (c) 1 x l06 kgf/cm2 (d) 2 x l06 kgf/cm2 12. A circular bar has been subject to compressive load resulting into a decrease in length and a simultaneous increase in diameter. The ratio of strain in the diameteral direction to that in the longitudinal direction is referred to as (a) Hook's ratio (b) Euler's ratio (c) Poisson's ratio (d) Modulus of elasticity 13. Let x be the strain in the direction of applied stress x and y be the strain at right angles to the direction of x Indicate which of the following ratios represents the Poissons ratio? (a) x / x (b) y / x (c) y /x (d) x / y 14. The Poisson's ratio for most of the material closed to (a) 0.5 (b) 0.25 (c) 0.33 (d) 0.2 15. Which of the following is true (= Poisson's) (a) 0 << - b) 1<< 0 (c) 1<< -1 (d) < < -

16. The value of Passions ratio depends upon (a) nature of load; tensile or compressive (b) magnitude of load (c) material of test specimen (d) cross-section and dimension of the test piece

17. Which material has the highest value of Poisson's ratio? (a) rubber (b) wood (c) copper (d) steel (e) concrete 18. When a section is subject to two equal and opposite forces tangentially to the section, the stress produced is known as the (a) lateral stress (b) shear stress (c) hydrostatic stress (d) the equal and opposite forces cancel and no stress is set up 19. Modulus of rigidity is the ratio of (a) axial stress to lateral strain (b) linear stress to longitudinal strain (c) shear stress to shear strain (d) hydrostatic stress to volumetric strain 20. A body has been subjected to three mutually perpendicular stresses of equal intensity. The ratio of direct stress to the corresponding volumetric strain is called (a) Bulk modulus (b) Shear modulus (c) Modulus of elasticity (d) Poisson's ratio 21. Bulk modulus is measured in terms of (a) N/m (b) N/m2 (c) Nm/s (d) Ns/ m2 22. Which of the followings is a dimension less quantity? (a) shear stress (b) Bulk modulus (c) Poisson's ratio (d) strain

23. The unit of elastic modulus is the same as those of (a) stress, shear modulus and pressure (b) strain, shear modulus and force (c) shear modulus, stress and force (d) stress, strain and pressure 24.Elasticityis the property of a material which enables it to (a) withstand high unit stress together with great unit deformation . (b) be drawn into thin wires (c) be beaten or rolled into sheets (d) be only slightly deformed without rupture (e) none of the above

25. All of the following statements are correct, except (a) Ductility is the property of a material to undergo large permanent deformation in tension (b) Metals and alloys for being rolled in to sheets (i.e., undergo plastic deformation in compression) possess the characteristic referred to as malleability (c) Young's modulus of elasticity for a material depends upon the nature of loading (d) The reduced strength of a material under repeated or fluctuating stress is called Fatigue 26. Which of the followings is a wrong statement? (a) Materials for wire drawing should have high malleability (b) A zero value of Young's modulus of elasticity implies that the material is highly incompressible (c) An isotropic material exhibits the same elastic properties in all directions (d) Hardness is the ability to resist indentation, abrasion and plastic deformation 27. Percentage elongation during tensile test is indicative of (a) ductility (b) malleability (c) creep (d) fatigue strength 28.Toughness of a material signifies (a) strength (b) softening (c) brittleness (d) fatigue resistance 29. Stiffness of a material is expressed in terms of (a) mass density (b) hardness number (c) modulus of elasticity (d) impact strength 30.The tendency of a material to fracture without appreciable deformation is called (a) toughness (b) stiffness (c) plasticity (d) brittleness 31.Lack of toughness in a material implies (a) brittleness (b) plasticity (c) ductility / (d) softening 32.Brittleness is opposite to (a) toughness (b) plasticity (c) malleability (d) creep strength

33.Figure.1 shows the stress-strain curve for tensile test on a mild steel specimen. The upper yield point is represented by the point

(a) B (c) D

(b) C (d) E

Fig.1

34. For the stress-strain diagram indicated in Fig.1, the stress corresponding to point ...is called the ultimate stress (a) C (b) D (c) E (d) F 35.The statement: stress is proportional to strain, i.e., the Hook's law hold goods up to (a) elastic limit (b) proportional limit (c) upper yield point (d) lower yield point 36.Hook's law is valid within the limit of pro portion ally and this proportional limit depends upon (a) type of loading (b) material of test specimen (c) cross-sectional area of test piece (d) Geometry of test piece 37. The limiting load beyond which the material does not behave elastically is known as (a) proportional limit (b) elastic limit (c) upper yield point (d) maximum stress point

38. The point on the stress-strain curve at which the cross-sectional area of the test specimen starts decreasing is called the (a) elastic limit (b) proportional limit (c) upper yield point (d) lower yield point (e) ultimate stress point 39. Select the proper sequence 1. Proportional limit 2. Elastic limit 3. Yielding 4. Failure (a) 2,3, 1, 4 (b) 2, 1, 3, 4 (c) 1, 3, 2,4 (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 40. True stress represents the ratio of (a) average load and average area (b) average load and maximum area (c) maximum load and maximum area (d) instantaneous load and the instantaneous Area 41. Percentage elongation during tensile test is indicative of (a) creep (b) malleability (c) ductility (d) elasticity of the metal

42. The percentage reduction in area during tensile test on a cast iron specimen is (a) 5% (b) 10% (c) 15% (d) negligible

43. The area under the stress-strain curve represents (a) breaking strength of material (b) toughness of material (d) energy required to cause failure c) hardness of material 44. Which of the following material Is has a nonlinear stress-strain curve? (a) low carbon steel (b) copper (c) aluminum (d) rubber

45. The stress-strain curve for glass during tensile test would exhibit (a) a straight line (b) a hyperbolic curve (c) an irregular curve (d) a sudden break

46. When mild steel is subjected to tensile loading, its fracture will conform to (a) star shape (b) granular shape (c) cup and cone shape (d) fibrous type 47. When a cast iron specimen is tested in compression, the fracture occurs (a) along an oblique plane (b) along the axis of load (c) perpendicular to the axis of load (d) there is no fracture at all 48. A mild steel specimen is tested under tension and a continuous graph between load and extension is plotted. The load at which there is considerable extension without increase in stress is called the (a) proportional limit (b) lower yield point (c) upper yield point (d) ultimate stress point 49. For most brittle materials the ultimate strength in compression is much larger the ultimate strength in tension. This is mainly due to: (a) presence of microscopic cracks or cavities (b) necking in tension (c) severity of tensile stress as compared to compressive stress (d) non-Linearity of stress-strains diagram 50. Which one of the following mechanical properties is provided by the Notched bar test? (a) hardness (b) resilience (c) impact strength (d) endurance limit

51. The impact strength of a material is an index of its (a) hardness (b) toughness (c) resistance to corrosion (d) resistance to failure under reversal of stresses 52. The impact strength is expressed in (a) N (b) N/m (c) Nm (d) N/m2

53. The charpy test is conducted to measure (a) toughness (b) creep strength (c) fatigue strength (d) elastic strength of a material

54. Pick the odd one out (a) stiffness (b) resilience (c) endurance limit (d) elastic strength 55. Brinell number of a metal or an alloy is a measure of its (a) tensile strength (b) toughness (c) malleability (d) hardness 56. Creep: rupture strength:: fatigue: (a) time (b) endurance limit (c) deformation (d) Young's modulus 57. All of the following statements are correct,except (a) A material that undergoes no deformation till its yield point, but thereafter flows at a constant stress is known as rigid plastic (b) The limit of proportionally and the point of elastic limit coincide for ductile materials (c) An elastic material recovers fully after unloading but not instantaneously (d) A zero value of the Young's modulus of elasticity implies that the material is highly elastic 58. A 2 m long rod of material having modulus of elasticity E = 100 GN/m2 and coefficient of linear expansion a = 12 x 10-6 per degree kelvin is heated from 20 C to 90C. If the expansion due to temperature rise is prevented, the rod will develop a compressive stress equal to (a) 21 MN/m2 (b) 42 MN/m2 (c) 84 MN/m2 (d) 168 MN/m2 59. A rectangular bar of length L and cross-section area A has been pulled by force W. Which one of the following statements is then wrong with respect to the elongation produced? (a) the elongation is directly proportional to initial length L (b) the elongation varies in direct proportion to applied load W (c) the elongation is inversely proportional to cross-sectional area A of the bar (d) the elongation produced would be greater if the material has a high value of Young's modulus of elasticity. 60. When a wire is stretched to double in length, the longitudinal strain produced in it is (a) 0.5 (b) 1.0 (c) 1.5 (d) 2.0 61. A steel bar (E = 2 x 106 kgf/cm2). of cross sectional area 75 cm2 and 30 cm length is subjected to a tensile load of 10,000 kgf. The resulting elongation in the bar due to the applied load is closer to (a) 0.01 mm (b) 0.10 mm (c) 0.20 mm (d) 1.00 mm -

62. On the application of a given load, the length of a wire is stated to increase by 1 mm. If the same force is now applied to a wire of same material but of the length and radius twice the first, the extension produced would be (a) 0.25 mm (b) 0.5 mm (c) 2.0 mm (d) 4.0 mm 63. The length of a wire is increased by 1 mm on the application of a certain load. In a wire of the same material but of twice the length and half the radius, the same force will produce an elongation of (a) 0.5 mm (b) 2 mm (c) 4 mrn (d) 8 mm 64. Two pieces of copper wire have lengths l and 2l and their diameters are 2d and d respectively. If these wires are stretched by the same load, the resulting extensions will conform to the ratio (a) 1 : 8 (b) 1 : 4 (c) 1 : 2 (d) 1 : 1 65. A copper wire of same length but double the diameter of steel wire is stretched by the same force. If Young's modulus of copper is half that of steel, the elongations in the copper and steel wires would be in the ratio (a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 4 (c) 1 : 1 (d) 1 : 8 66. Two bars of different materials are of the same size and have been subjected to same tensile forces. If the bars have unit elongation in the ratio 3: 5, then the ratio of moduli of the two materials is (a) 3 : 5 (b) 5 : 3 (c) 9 : 25 (d) 25: 9 67. Force required to double the length of the wire or unit cross-sectional area, is numerically equal to (a) ultimate stress (b) yield point stress (c) elastic limit stress (d) modulus of elasticity 68. A wire is stretched by 1 N weight. If the radius of the wire is doubled, the modulus of elasticity of the wire material would (a) get reduced to half the value (b) become two-fold (c) remain unchanged (d) data insufficient to make any comment

69. The radius of a wire of circular cross section is stated to decrease to half its original value due to stretch of the wire by a load. This will result in modulus of elasticity of wire to (a) get reduced to one-fourth the original value (b) get reduced to half the value (c) become two - fold (d) remain unaffected 70.A steel wire (E = 2 x 1011 N/m2) of sectional area 5 x 10-5m2 is to be extended to twice its initial length. To accomplish this task; the two ends of the wire should be pulled by a force of (a) 107N (b) 109 N (c) 1012N (d) 1015 N 71. A cable is cut to half of its original length. The maximum load which the cable can support would (a) get reduced to half the value (b) become two-fold (c) remain unchanged (d) data insufficient to make any comment 72. Two wires of different materials but of same diameterare connected end to end and a force is applied which stretches them by 1cm. The two wires will have the (a) same stress and strain (b) same stress but different strains (c) different stresses and strains (d) same strain but different stresses 73. A 40 cm long x 10 cm diameter cylinder of brass was subjected to a tensile load of 5x104N. The resulting increase in length and decrease in diameter were noted to be 0.8 mm and 0.05 mm respectively. Then the brass has a Poisson's ratio equal to (a) 0.25 (b) 0.3 (c) 0.35 (d) 0.4 74. Consider a bar of length l, breath b and thickness t subjected to an axial pull or tension P. The resulting volumetric strain will be equal to (a) (1 - 2) (b) 2 (1 - ) (c) (1 + 2) (d) 3 where is the Poisson's ratio and is the longitudinal strain.

75. A solid thick cylinder is subjected to an external hydrostatic pressure p. The state of stress in the material of the cylinder is represented as.

Fig.2 76. A spherical ball of 0.5 x 103 mm3 volume is subjected to a volumetric stress of 50 N/cm2. If bulk modulus of the ball material is 16x105 N/cm2, the change in the volume of the ball would be approximately equal to (a) 0.0156 mm3 (b) 1.56 x 10-4 mm3 (c) 0.156 mm3 (d) 0.00156 mm3 77. A cylindrical rod of length l and diameter d is rigidly fixed at its upper end and hangs vertically. The elongation produced in the rod due to its self weight W is

78. A cylindrical rod of length l and diameter d is rigidly fixed at its upper end hangs vertically; the extension produced in the rod due to its self weight is stated to be 8. What extension will be produced when a load equal to self weight of the bar is applied at the free of the bar? (a) 0.5 (b) (c) 1.5 (d) 2 79. The deformation of bar under its own weight as compared to that when subjected a direct axial load equal to its own weight will be (a) the same (b) one-fourth (c) half (d) double 80. A cylindrical rod length l and diameter d is rigidly fixed at its upper end and hangs vertically. The extension produced by self weight of the bar and that produced when the bar is loaded by an equal weight at its free end conform to the ratio (a) 1 : 2 (b) 1 : 1 (c) 3 : 2 (d) 2 : 1

81. The ratio of elongation a prismatic bar due to its total self weight W to that of a similar bar with an additional weight W attached at its free end is (a) 1/3 (b) 2/3 (c) 3/4 (d) 1/2 82. A bar of length I and weighing per unit length hangs vertically and carries a load W at the free of the bar. The tension force in the bar at a distance x from its support will be (a) W+x (b) W + (l-x) (c) (W +)x/l (d) W + /W (l-x) 83. A uniform steel rope (E= 2x106kgf/cm2) and density 7.8 gm/ cm2) of total length 40 m hangs vertically. The ratio of elongation of first 10m to that of first 20m would be (a) 2: 1 (b) 3 : 2 (c) 8 : 5 (d) 9 : 4 84. Consider a bar of uniform cross-section fixed at the upper end and hanging freely. The stress at any section of the bar due to its self weight is in direct proportion to (a) y (b) y3/2 (c) y2 (d) 1/y where y is distance of section from free end 85.Consider a bar of length l and tapering uniformly from diameter d2 to d1 and subjected to axial load W. The extension of the rod will be

86. A tapering bar (diameters of end sections being d1 and d2) and a bar of uniform cross section d have the same length and are subjected to the same axial pull. Both the bars will have the same extension if d is equal to

87. Consider two rods A, B of the same material and subjected to equal axial load. The rod A is of uniform cross-section with diameter d , and the rod B tapers uniformly from diameter d at one end to diameter d/2 at the other end. The ratio of elongation of rod A to elongation of rod B will be (a) 1 : 1 (b) 1 : 2 (c) 1 : 3 (d) 1 ; 4 88. The Young's modulus E, the shear modulus G and the Poisson's ratio for a material are related by the expression; (a) E = 2G (1 + ) (b) E = 3C ( 1 - ) (c) E = 3G (1 - 2) (d) E = 3C (1 + 2) 89. For a material with Poisson's ratio 0.25, the ratio of modulus of rigidity to modulus of elasticity will be (a) 0.4 (b) 1.2 (c) 2.0 (d) 3.6 90. The ratio E/ K between modulus of elasticity and bulk modulus for a material with Poisson's ratio is (a) 2 (1 -) (b) (3 - 2) (c) 3 (1 +) (d) 3 (1 - 2). 91. The Young's modulus and the Poisson's ratio for a certain material are stated to be 2000 GPa and 0.25 respectively. The bulk modulus of the material will be about (a) 450 (b) 870 (c) 1333 (d) 215 GPa 92. The elastic constants E, G and K are related by the expression

93. For a linearly elastic, isotropic and homogenous material, the number of elastic constants required to relate stress to strain is (a) two (b) three (c) four (d) six 94. The independent elastic constants for a homogeneous and isotropic material are (a) E,G,K, (b) E,G,K (c) E, G, U (d) E, G

95. A steel rod passes through a brass tube which is closed by thin rigid washers and fastened by nuts screwed to the rod. Which type of stress will be induced in the tube when the nut is tightened on the bolt? (a) tensile (b) compressive (c) shear (d) bending 96. A brass rod (E = 1 x 106 N / cm2) is completely enclosed in a steel tube (E = 2 x 106 N / cm2) and is stated to experience a change of 0.1 mm in a certain length of the composite assembly. The corresponding change in length of steel tube would be (a) 0.025 mm (b) 0.05 mm (c) 0.1 mm (d) 0.20 mrn 97. A copper bar 20mm diameter is completely enclosed in a steel tube of 30mm outside diameter so as to make a composite system. The assembly is subjected to a certain load and the steel tube experiences a stress of 300kgf/ cm2. If Esteel = 2 Ecopper' then the stress developed in copper bar will be (a) 75 kgf/ cm2 (b) 150 kgf/ cm2 (c) 300 kgf/cm2 (d) 600 kgf/cm2 98. A steel bolt passes through a brass tube, and nuts and washers are provided on both ends. The area of cross-section of steel bolt is 500mm2 and that of brass tube is 1000mm2. When nut is tightened on threaded portion of the bolt, a tensile stress of 200 N/mm2 is induced in steel. If ESteel = 2 Ebrass the stress developed in the brass tube would be (a) 50 N/mm2 (b) 100 N/mm2 (c) 200 N/mm2 (d) 400 N/mm2 99. A reinforced concrete column 30cmx30cm is provided with 4 steel bars of 2cm diameter, each bar placed at each corner of the column. If maximum stress in concrete does not exceed 400 N/ cm2 and the modular ratio Es/Ec= 18, the safe axial load for the column will be approximately equal to (a) 90 kN (b) 355 kN (c) 222 kN (d) 445 kN 100. The temperature stress is a function of 1. coefficient of linear expansion 2. temperature rise 3. modulus of elasticity The correct answer is (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) I, 2 and 3

94. (a)

95. (b)

96. (c)

97.

(b)

98. (b)

99. (d)

100. (a)