U4.4.1 - Grammar - Presentation and Exercises

ENGLISH VIII
UNIT 4: Negotiation y
persuasion
GRAMMAR ITEM: GERUNDS AND
INFINITIVES (DIFFERENT MEANING)
LEARNING OBJECTIVE: 4.1 Negotiate with
other to reach his/her own objectives or a
company’s.
A GERUND OR AN INFINITIVE:
LITTLE DIFFERENCE IN
SOME VERBS CAN BE FOLLOWED BY A
MEANING
GERUND OR AN INFINITIVE WITH LITTLE
DIFFERENCE IN MEANING.
Examples:
 She likes swimming.
 She likes to swim.
Although the difference in meaning is small with

these particular verbs, and gerunds and infinitives can often be
used interchangeably, there is still a meaning difference. Using
a gerund suggests that you are referring to real activities or
experiences. Using an infinitive suggests that you are talking
about potential or possible activities or experiences. Because
of this small difference in meaning, gerunds and infinitives
cannot always be used interchangeably.
A GERUND OR AN INFINITIVE:
LITTLE DIFFERENCE IN
SOME VERBS CAN BE FOLLOWED BY A GERUND OR AN
MEANING
INFINITIVE WITH LITTLE DIFFERENCE IN MEANING.
• Examples:
• The British reporter likes living in New York. HE LIVES IN NEW YORK
AND HE LIKES WHAT HE EXPERIENCESTHERE.
• The British reporter likes to live in New York whenever he works
in the United States. HE LIKES THE OPTION OR POSSIBILITY OF LIVING IN
NEW YORK WHEN HE WORKS IN THE UNITED STATES.
• I like speaking French because it's such a beautiful language. I
LIKE THE EXPERIENCE OF SPEAKING FRENCH, AND THE WAY IT MAKES ME
FEEL WHEN I SPEAK THE LANGUAGE.
• I like to speak French when I'm in France. I PREFERTHE OPTION OF
SPEAKING FRENCH WHEN I AM IN FRANCE.
EXAMPLES VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUNDS
OR INFINITIVES (DIFFERENT MEANING)
She began singing.

She began to sing. She is beginning to sing.
Begin When "begin" is used in non- When "begin" is used in

continuous tenses, you can continuous tenses, an
either use a gerund or an infinitive is used.
infinitive.
He dreaded to think of the

She dreaded taking the test. consequences of his
actions.
Usually "dread" is followed by
Dread "Dread" is sometimes used
a gerund.
with infinitives such as "think"
or "consider." In the sentence
above, "dreaded to think"
means "did not want to think."
EXAMPLES VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUNDS OR
INFINITIVES (DIFFERENT MEANING)
She forgot reading the book She forgot to pay the rent this
when she was a kid. month.
When "forget" is used with a When forget is used with an

Forget gerund, it means "to forget that you infinitive, it means "to forget that
have done something." The you need to do something." The
sentence above means that she
sentence above means that she
read the book when she was a kid,
and that she has forgotten that forgot that she needed to pay
fact. the rent.
The attackers kept

She kept talking. hostages to prevent the
police from entering.
"Keep" is normally used with
Keep a gerund to mean that you "Keep" can also be used with an object
continue doing an action. followed by an infinitive, but then the
infinitive takes on the meaning of "in
order to... ." In the sentence above, the
attackers kept hostages in order to
prevent the police from entering.
EXAMPLES VERBS FOLLOWED BY GERUNDS
OR INFINITIVES (DIFFERENT MEANING)
The house needs cleaning.

He needs to call his boss.
He needs him to call his boss.
When "need" is used with a
Need gerund, it takes on a passive "Need" is usually used with an
meaning. The sentence infinitive or an object + an
above means "the house infinitive.
needs to be cleaned."
We regret to inform you

I regretted being late to the
that your position at the
interview.
company is being
Regret "Regret" is normally used with eliminated.
a gerund. "Regret" is sometimes used with infinitives
such as "to inform." In the sentence above,
"We regret to inform you" means "We wish
we did not have to tell you (bad news).
Examples verbs followed by gerunds or
infinitives (Different meaning)
I remember mentioning the meeting yesterday. He remembered to turn off the lights before he left.
When "remember" is used with a gerund, it When "remember" is used with an infinitive, it means "to
Remember means "to remember that you have done remember that you need to do something." The sentence
something." The sentence above means that above means that he remembered that he needed to turn
I mentioned the meeting, and that I the lights off.
remember the fact that I did that.
Examples verbs followed by gerunds or
infinitives (Different meaning)
He stopped smoking for He stopped to rest for a few minutes.
health reasons.
When "stop" is used with an infinitive, the
Stop "Stop" is normally used with a infinitive takes on the meaning of "in order to."
gerund. In the sentence above, he stopped in order to
rest for a few minutes.
She can't find a job. She tried looking in the She tried to climb the tree, but she couldn't even
paper, but there was nothing. She tried get off the ground.
asking friends and family, but nobody knew
of anything. She also tried going shop to When you "try to do" something, you want to do it,
shop, but nobody was hiring. but you do not succeed in actually doing it. In the
sentence above, an infinitive is used because she
"Try + gerund" means to try or to experiment with different
cannot successfully climb the tree.
Try methods to see if something works.
She tried eating the snake soup, but Try not to wake the baby when you get up
tomorrow at 5 AM.
she didn't like it.
An infinitive is also used if you are asking someone
"Try + gerund" is often used when you experiment with
to try something they may or may not be able to
something, but you do not really like it or want to do it
again.v
accomplish.
Jack doesn't have too much to time to write the report
Marcy has enought money to buy her's friend car
Eve doesn't have too much time for end to cook the dinner
Sally's Doctor told her that she has to eat enough three meals each day, to stay healthy
Carlos has enough inteligent for can solve any problem if he applies himself
Verbs that take gerund or infinitive with a change of meaning
Forget
Forget to do something: Used to talk about things that we need to do, and we forget to do
them.
•I think forgot to lock the door when we left.
•Don’t forget to call me when you finish.
Forget doing something: It’s normally used in negative sentences. Used to talk about
memories, normally about things that we did in the past and that we will not forget.
•I’ll never forget walking on that amazing beach for the first time.
Remember
Remember to do something: You remember first and then you do something. Used to talk
about things we need to do.
•He didn’t remember to turn off the heating after class.
•Please, will you remember to close the windows if you leave?
Remember doing something: Used to talk about memories. We remember things from the
past.
•I remember eating on this same chair the day I graduated.
•I remember mentioning the issue to Elisabeth last week.
Try
Try to do something: When we try to do something, we make an effort to achieve something that we maybe we
will or will not accomplish.
•Could you please try to be a bit less rude?
•I’ll try to convince him, but I’m not sure that’s going to change anything.
Try doing something: Used when we want to achieve something and try something as an experiment to see if it
help us achieve what we want. We try a method (one of the many we could try) in order to achieve something.
•A: “I need to sleep but I can’t.” B: “Why don’t you try drinking a glass of hot milk?”
•I can’t contact Jane. I‘ve tried calling her home number and also on her mobile, but nothing.
Stop
Stop to do something: Used when we stop doing an activity so as to start doing a different one.
•We had been driving for hours, so we had to stop to eat something and go to the toilet.
Stop doing something: It means to finish doing something that we are doing.
•Could you stop biting your nails?
•I need to stop smoking once and for all.
Need
Need to do something: It’s necessary to do something
•I need to see you immediately.
Something needs doing: It has a passive meaning. It means that something needs to be done.
•Your car needs cleaning. (=Your car needs to be cleaned.)
https://test-english.com/grammar-points/b1-b2/gerund-or-
infinitive/

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ENGLISH VIII

Although the difference in meaning is small with

She began singing.

Begin When "begin" is used in non- When "begin" is used in

He dreaded to think of the

When "forget" is used with a When forget is used with an

The attackers kept

The house needs cleaning.

We regret to inform you

Marcy has enought money to buy her's friend car

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