En GLi SH
En GLi SH
En GLi SH
week.
2) When I propose that she accompanies me, she turns a deaf ear .
3) His speech was very long, we had to wait one hour before he got to
the heart of the matter
4) When they spoke of the future they referred to the reform.
5) She is the only one providing for her family.
• true
• false
• true
• true
• false
• true
• true
Reminder
Articles | Meaning and Use
a/an (definite
the (definite article) - (zero article)
article)
Some fixed phrases
Some fixed phrases
the __ of __
superlatives Some fixed phrases
a few / a lot
once a day / week /
in the class. at home / work
month
at the beginning / end go to bed
forty kilometres an
in the world
hour
the next
the same
a/an (definite
the (definite article) - (zero article)
article)
The first time a
singular countable
When something is
noun is mentioned
mentioned again
I’ve finally saved up
I bought a suitcase. The
enough to get myself
suitcase is quite big.
an interrailing
ticket.
A unique thing When generalising about plural and
One of many
uncountable nouns.
She’s the president of the
She’s an accountant.
UN. I thought you hated travelling.
Buildings / specific
organisations Abstract nouns
• (T)
84) Frank’s birthday celebrations will have started before 4.00 on Saturday
morning.
• (T)
• (T)
• (F)
• (F)
Meaning - Summary
Example
Future continuous | Examples
He’ll be sleeping then (at 4.00), won’t he?
He’ll probably still be celebrating at 4.00 in the morning!
Frank probably won’t be feeling great at 7.00.
Will he be working at 7 in the evening?
Reminder
Future continuous | Meaning and use
We use the future continuous tense to talk about actions that will be in progress at
(or around) a certain time in the future. For example:
example meaning
He (Frank) will be sleeping • Frank will start to sleep before 4.00 next Saturday morning.
then (at 4.00) • Frank will continue to sleep until after 4.00 next Saturday morning.
He (Frank) will probably • Frank will probably start celebrating before 4.00 next Saturday morning.
still be celebrating at 4.00 • Frank will probably continue to celebrate until after 4.00 next Saturday morning.
in the morning!
We can also use the future continuous to talk about things we think are happening
now (current predictions). For example:
example meaning
Reminder
We can also use the future continuous to talk about people's plans. For example:
Question Answers
Will you be staying in this evening? Yes, I'll be watching a new TV series.
Will you be having lunch out, or at home? We'll be eating out - I've booked a table at a nice restaurant.
What time will you be coming back? We'll be flying in at around 6 a.m.
How will you be paying? I'll be paying by credit card.
examples structure
Negative statements
examples structure
Frank probably won’t be feeling great at 7.00. subject + will + not (or 'll not)+ be + verb (-ing form)
+ time*
I will not be working next Tuesday. subject + won't + be + verb (-ing form) + time*
Questions
examples structure
Contractions
100) F. Hi Mum, I’m really sorry I can’t talk now. D. No problem dear, I could
call you tomorrow at 3.30. What will you be doing (what/you/do) then?
Would that be convenient?
101) F. Ah, I’ll be collecting (I/collect) the kids from school then. Are you free a
bit later, like after 3.00?
102) D. Hmmm, It’s Tuesday so Joyce is coming over at about 4. We’ll
probably be chatting (we/probably/chat) in the garden and drinking tea for a
couple of hours. I could call you at about 6. How’s that? F. Perfect!
103) D. Have you got any time free to come over this weekend? F. Um, yeah, I
will, actually. I won’t be taking (I/not/take) the kids to football on Saturday
morning – my friend Anna said she’d do it, so I could come over then?
104) D. That sounds good – not too early though, I'll be enjoying (I/enjoy) a lie-
in until at least 9.00. It’s been a crazy week!
105) F. No worries, same here – that’s why I’m getting Anna to take the kids
this week. Anyway, I’d better call Dad now, see you Saturday! D. Yes, see
you then. I think your Dad will be driving (Dad/driving) at the moment, so
maybe call him a bit later.
• related.
• future plans.
109) Flo and Mike don't know exactly when all their arrangements will finish.
• (T)
• (F)
112) Flo will leave football practice sometime before 11.30 on Saturday morning.
• (T)
• (F)
• (T)
115) Mike does not say exactly when his meeting will finish.
• (T)
Meaning - Summary
Reminder
Future perfect | Meaning and Use
We use the future perfect to talk about things that will be finished before a
specified time in the future.
It is important to remember:
For example:
Example Meaning
We’ll have finished our meeting by 9:30. Mike’s meeting will finish sometime before 9:30.
Do you need the computer? I’ll have finished using it in an hour. At some point in the next hour I will stop using the computer.
Will you have got back home by 11:30? Will you return to your home before 11:30?
116) Examples: (a) We’ll have finished our meeting by 9:30. • (b) Do you
need the computer? I’ll have finished using it in an hour. • (c) I won’t have
got back from soccer practice by then (10:30). • (d) Will you have got back
home by 11:30? • Grammar rule: We make positive statements with:
subject + will + have + past participle verb + time.
117) Examples: (a) We’ll have finished our meeting by 9:30. • (b) Do you
need the computer? I’ll have finished using it in an hour. • (c) I won’t have
got back from soccer practice by then (10:30). • (d) Will you have got back
home by 11:30? • Grammar rule: We make negative statements with:
subject + will + not + have + past participle verb + time.
118) Examples: (a) We’ll have finished our meeting by 9:30. • (b) Do you
need the computer? I’ll have finished using it in an hour. • (c) I won’t have
got back from soccer practice by then (10:30). • (d) Will you have got back
home by 11:30? • Grammar rule: We make questions with: (question
word) + will + subject + have + past participle verb + time.
119) Examples: (a) We’ll have finished our meeting by 9:30. • (b) Do you need
the computer? I’ll have finished using it in an hour. • (c) I won’t have got back from
soccer practice by then (10:30). • (d) Will you have got back home by 11:30? •
Grammar rule: Introduce specific points of time with
• "by".
120) Examples: (a) We’ll have finished our meeting by 9:30. • (b) Do you need
the computer? I’ll have finished using it in an hour. • (c) I won’t have got back from
soccer practice by then (10:30). • (d) Will you have got back home by 11:30? •
Grammar rule: Introduce periods of time with
• "in".
121) I will have finished my studies (I/finish) in three years.
122) We won’t have finished (we/not/finish) making dinner by 6.00.
123) Mike will have gone (Mike/go) home by then.
124) Will you have finished (you/finish) those reports by 5.00?
125) What will she have learned (what/she/learn) to do?
Form - Summary
Reminder
Future prefect | Form
Positive statements
examples structure
We’ll have finished our meeting by 9:30. subject + will + have + past participle verb + time*.
Negative statements
examples structure
I won’t have got back from football practice by then. subject + will + not + have + past participle verb + time*.
Questions
examples structure
Time phrases*
Points in time (introduced with “by”) Periods of time (introduced with “in”)
2.30 20 minutes
Monday morning an hour
(the start/end of) March 3 days
July 15th a few months
2028 5 years
* It is not necessary to include the future time if it is already obvious to the speaker
(it has already been mentioned).
204) Nadia and Jack use the following words to talk about people (Sam):
who and that
• in a salon.
206) Nadia uses the following word to talk about a place (her usual hairdressing
salon):
• where
209) Nadia and Jack talk about actions and situations in different
points in time.
Meaning - Summary
Example
...that's the woman that cuts my hair.
She's the hairdresser who did my sister's hair...
'Glossy Bobs' is where I usually get my hair done.
Can you put the books that are on the table back on the bookshelf?
No, the one (picture) that is on the table.
I used the one (camera) which I got for my birthday.
Defining Relative Clauses | Meaning and Use
We can use relative clauses to provide extra information about a noun. Defining
relative clauses help us show which specific thing (of many possibilities) we are
talking about.
Look at the examples above. These relative clauses tell us:
- Which specific woman is being spoken about (Jack's hairdresser).
- Which particular books Nadia is talking about (the ones on the table).
- Which particular picture Nadia wants Jack to put on the wall (the one on the
table).
- Which camera Nadia used (her nice new one, not the old one on her phone).
who
People that That's the person who/that/whom I was telling you about.
whom
which
Object That's the camera which/that I bought her for her birthday.
that
210) I'm going to get a chair that we can put in the bedroom.
• Not obligatory
219) The woman who spoke Japanese at the conference is my cousin. (relative
pronoun refers to the subject)
• Obligatory
220) The person who is interested in buying the house will phone back later.
(relative pronoun followed by "be" + adjective phrase)
• Not obligatory
221) The car which is in front of the pharmacy is my sister's. (relative pronoun
followed by a prepositional phrase)
• Not obligatory
222) I'm going to get a chair that we can put in the bedroom.
223) That's the man who lives next door.
224) Let's go to a shop where we can get everything we need for
the kitchen.
225) You can take anything that you want. I don't need it
anymore.
226) The man who phoned will call back later.
227) The woman who is interested in buying your old car will call
back later.
228) Be careful! The water # coming out of the tap is really hot!
229) No, that's someone whose house I wouldn't buy. He's
always complaining about it!
Form - Summary
Example
That's a table I borrowed from my mum.
The person interested in renting the spare room will phone back later.
The coat by the door is Dave's.
Example
Hi! Are you the family who's just moved into the flat next door? - or - Hi! Are you
the family that's just moved into the flat next door?
"who" / "that" describes "the family" the subject of the sentence.
Relative Clauses | Form
Relative clauses must include the relative pronoun when it describes the
subject (not always) of the sentence (see the example above).
In the following situations, you can choose whether to add the relative
pronoun. You do not have to include it.
When relative pronouns are optional:
Situation Example
The relative pronoun describes the object of the That's a table which I borrowed from my mum.
verb. That's a table I borrowed from my mum.
The person who's interested in renting the spare room will phone back
The relative clause contains the verb 'be' + an
later.
adjective phrase
The person interested in renting the spare room will phone back later.
The relative clause contains the verb 'be' + a The coat which is by the door is Dave's.
prepositional phrase The coat by the door is Dave's.
Important
Where should prepositions go?
Look at the following sentences. Are they grammatically correct?
Yes, they are grammatically correct, however they sound quite old fashioned. It
would be more natural to say them like this:
What's different? We remove the pronoun and put the preposition after the verb
. This is different to a lot of other languages, but doing so will help you sound more
natural.
230) J. I need a new camera too, but must sell my old one first. N.
Have you used ebuy.com? That's the website which I use to sell
all my old stuff.
231) J. No, I haven’t. Would that be a good place to get a new one
too? N. Maybe, things are quite cheap. But it's a good idea to both
see and try the camera first. J. Like where? N. There’s a
photography shop which is on the high street. The staff in there
are really helpful.
232) J. Ah, Snappy Shots? I know it. It’s the place that's next door
to the bookshop… I think I remember it from the time when we got
Anna’s birthday present. Right?
233) . That’s it! Can you remember that nice old man who worked
there?
234) J. The one who took an hour to find the book?
235) N. Yes! Now I remember. The book that was on the counter
in front of him when we arrived! J. I hope the staff in Snappy Shots
are a bit quicker than him. N. Don’t worry. I don’t think anyone could
possibly be as slow! J. Yeah, right. Anyway, thanks for the advice
Nadia, but I should be helping you get your flat organised!
236) N. Yes! Now I remember. The book that was on the counter
in front of him when we arrived! J. I hope the staff in Snappy Shots
are a bit quicker than him. N. Don’t worry. I don’t think anyone could
possibly be as slow! J. Yeah, right. Anyway, thanks for the advice
Nadia, but I should be helping you get your flat organised!
• students.
• an academic assignment.
Meaning - Summary
Example
Connectives | Examples
• I need to improve my writing in order to get a really good grade.
Connectives are very important in academic writing as they help show the
relationship between different ideas.
Reminder
Connectives | Meanings
The table shows you the connectives used by Louise and Max, along with their
meanings:
244) I need to improve my writing in order to get a really good grade. • Grammar
rule: After the connective "in order to", we see a/an
• infinitive verb.
• comma ","
249) Connectives introduce subordinate clauses. These are sometimes at the start
of sentences, before the main clause.
250) That makes sense, although it does sound very formal. • Grammar rule: After
the connective "although", we see a/an
• clause.
251) I’m going home early tonight in order to get my assignment done
on time.
252) Although it’s October, it’s still really warm.
253) Despite working really hard, Max had to resit his exam.
254) More students are having to take extra jobs due to the increased
cost of living.
255) It is essential that universities recruit staff from diverse
backgrounds. Moreover, students from low-income families should also
be encouraged to apply.
Form - Summary
Example
Connectives | Examples
• I’m going home early tonight in order to finish my assignment on time.
• Although it’s October, it’s still really warm.
256) Although Louise is one of the best students in her class, she only
got 56% in her last exam.
257) In order to do better next time, she organised a study group with
some other students.
258) Unfortunately, only half of them came despite having the day off.
259) We have seen the disappearance of over 100,000 species of
animals in the last 100 years. Moreover, the Earth is warming at a rate
that could result in the destruction of up to 76% of life in the next 100
years. This is due to a variety of factors including industry and human
food production in addition to fuel for transportation and heating.
260)
The fall of the Government made all the headlines .
261) The refusal of the Socialists undermined the negotiations .
262) I would like to work more on this project .
263)
The absent colleagues did not see the outcome of the story .
264) The rain disappeared in an instant .
• complaint
• diplomat
• special envoy
• journalist
• storm
• sun
• wind
• convicted
• witness
• burglar
• painter
• museum
• exhibition
• channel
• section
• segment
265) The plot's outcome was rather unexpected.
266) He filed a complaint against his boss for harassment.
267) The special correspondent of the public channel had to be
repatriated due to political instability in this area.
268) The storm last night caused a lot of damage throughout the region.
269) He repaired our television in a flash .
270) I watch all events of the Olympic Games on the sports channel .
271) Certain species of birds are very territorial , they protect their
territory.
272) We need more money to carry out this project.
273) The game is broadcast live on a giant screen.
274) I read the newspaper daily, but I never read the sports section
275) The winner donated the money he had won to a charitable
organisation.
276) This piece of news undermined my good spirits.
277) The crowd pressed against the store doors hoping to buy the last
book of the trilogy.
278) I saw a very interesting segment about the work of firemen in large
cities.
279) It is the testimony of a passer-by which made it possible to convict
the culprit.
280) There is no way out of this crisis.
281) She has been the victim of a sad event, presented in other news .
282) I buy a daily newspaper every morning, but not always the same
one.
283) I went to see our baker at work ; it was very interesting.
284) Hundreds of police officers were present for maintaining the order.
285) The names of the culprits are not yet known.
286) This weekend, we joined our friends who were on holiday at the
seaside.
287) The new king made the headlines this morning across the
country.
288) Forty deputies voted against the bill.
289) Inflation has reached its highest level since the beginning of the
crisis.
290) The supermarket thefts are declining.
291) There were three burglaries in the neighbourhood tonight.
292) During the last decade , the city has been completely transformed.
Flo is Madeleine's
• boss.
• Jack.
293) Madeleine uses words like “inquired” and “asked" when describing
the questions that Flo had asked.
294) Madeleine uses words like “suggested” and “recommended” when
describing the advice that had been given.
295) Madeleine uses words like “claimed” and “admitted” when
describing what had been said about facts and responsibility.
When describing what has previously been said, Madeleine makes use of
• reported speech.
296) When reporting questions, use a reporting verb like “ask” or
“inquire”.
297) Some reporting verbs always need an object (for example, “me”),
others never do, and others can, but don’t have to.
• "whether".
When reporting a closed “yes”/”no” question, do not use "do" as an auxiliary verb.
When reporting questions that originally had a WH- question word, include the WH-
question word.
298) The subject and verb in reported questions are in the same order as
• positive statements.
303) Madeleine claimed that she had had a shower that morning.
304) Tyrone suggested that they find a new marketing agency.
How are things going? She inquired how things were going.
Do you have too much work? She asked (me) if/whether I had too much work.
Reminder
Reporting questions with a WH- question word
• Change the order of the subject and verb (so it is the same as a positive
statement).
• Don’t use question marks.
Reminder
Reporting questions with a “yes” or “no” answer.
• Change the order of the subject and verb (so it is the same as a positive
statement).
• Use "if" or "whether".
• Don’t use question marks.
• Include an appropriate reporting verb (and its verb pattern).
verb only
agree, apologise, refuse.
She apologised.
verb + to infinitive
agree, demand, guarantee, offer, propose, refuse, threaten.
They offered to pick up the children.
verb + object + to + infinitive advise, allow, challenge, command, encourage, expect, forbid, force,
I advised him to take lots of notes. instruct, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, tell, warn
verb + object + to + infinitive + complement acknowledge, assume, believe, claim, consider, expect, feel, find,
She considers Microsoft to be a huge success story. presume, suppose, think, understand
verb + -ing form admit, apologise for, decide on, deny, mention, recommend, regret,
Nadia denied reading his emails. report, suggest
• (F)
• (F)
There are so many protest posters, Nadia found it difficult to believe that Jack had not seen
one.
• (T)
Nadia thought it was possible that Anna’s phone had ran out of battery.
• (T)
Jack knew Anna had recently charged her phone and thought it very unlikely that she had
run out of battery.
• (T)
310) Examples: (a) You needn’t have, but that’s really kind. Thanks. (b)
You must have heard about the protest. There are posters absolutely
everywhere. (c) She might have run out of battery. (d) No, she can’t have
(run out of battery – she charged it recently). (e) I can hear someone
outside, that could be Anna. (f) It must be Anna, her car’s just appeared
outside. · Grammar rule: we make positive statements
about present situations with: subject + modal verb + be.
311) Examples: (a) You needn’t have, but that’s really kind. Thanks. (b)
You must have heard about the protest. There are posters absolutely
everywhere. (c) She might have run out of battery. (d) No, she can’t have
(run out of battery – she charged it recently). (e) I can hear someone
outside, that could be Anna. (f) It must be Anna, her car’s just appeared
outside. · Grammar rule: we make negative statements
about present situations with: subject + modal verb + not + be.
312) Examples: (a) You needn’t have, but that’s really kind. Thanks. (b)
You must have heard about the protest. There are posters absolutely
everywhere. (c) She might have run out of battery. (d) No, she can’t have
(run out of battery – she charged it recently). (e) I can hear someone
outside, that could be Anna. (f) It must be Anna, her car’s just appeared
outside. · Grammar rule: we make positive statements
about past situations with: subject + modal verb + have + past participle
verb.
313) Examples: (a) You needn’t have, but that’s really kind. Thanks. (b)
You must have heard about the protest. There are posters absolutely
everywhere. (c) She might have run out of battery. (d) No, she can’t have
(run out of battery – she charged it recently). (e) I can hear someone
outside, that could be Anna. (f) It must be Anna, her car’s just appeared
outside. · Grammar rule: we make negative statements
about past situations with: subject + modal verb + not + have + past
participle verb.
314) Examples: (a) You needn’t have, but that’s really kind. Thanks. (b)
You must have heard about the protest. There are posters absolutely
everywhere. (c) She might have run out of battery. (d) No, she can’t have
(run out of battery – she charged it recently). (e) I can hear someone
outside, that could be Anna. (f) It must be Anna, her car’s just appeared
outside. · Grammar rule: we use "subject + needn’t + have + past
participle" to say that something was not necessary.
315) Is that Jack? - No, it couldn’t be him (could/not/him - present), he’s
in Greece this week.
316) I can’t have left (can/not/left – past) it in the bank – I had it in the
taxi on the way home.
317) The cat must have come (must/come – past) in through the
window. I feel sure of it.
318) The cat must have come (must/come – past) in through the
window. I feel sure of it.
319) That must be Nadia (must/Nadia – present), she said she’d come
over on her way home from work. I’m not expecting anyone else.
320) The heating might be (might/be – present) broken, or perhaps
someone turned it off? I’m not sure, but it’s really cold!
321) They might have missed (might/miss - past) their flight, they
should have been here hours ago.
322) Flowers? you needn't have (you/not/need - past)! But thank you,
they’re beautiful.
323) J. Mike worked all last night; he must be (he/be) really tired now.
324) A. Yeah, but he went home after work, so he might have
got (he/get) a couple of hours of sleep.
325) J. That’s true, but still, he can’t be (he/not) feeling very energetic
right now. A. Hmm, OK, well, let’s play tennis, and then give him a call
later. J. Good thinking.
326) A child went ice-skating on a frozen lake. Sadly, the ice cracked
and the child fell into the freezing water. He can't have seen (not see)
the signe saying "Danger - thin ice!".
327) When we arrived at the restaurant we were told it was fully booked.
The restaurant manager told us we should have made (make) a
reservation.
328) Julie didn't phone me as arranged. I think she might have run (run)
out of battery power.
329) A. How was the protest yesterday? Did you go? M. Yeah, I went
with Nadia and Anna, it was really big. I’m sure there must have
been (be) at least 10,000 people there.
330) A. Wow, that’s good. And was it pretty peaceful? M. Well, it felt very
relaxed – but there were so many people, there might have been trouble
that I didn’t see.
Asia Brown is
• a news presenter.
In the first segment of the news bulletin, the newsreader reports a prediction about higher
sea levels by the end of the current century. To do this, the newsreader uses the
• future perfect.
-The newsreader also reports that the Princess of Suffolk had cancelled a public
appearance before her pregnancy was announced to the public. To report an event that
happened before another past event, the newsreader uses the past perfect.
-In the final news items, the newsreader reports that some health charities campaigned for
new traffic pollution rules to be introduced. However, the resulting new “toxicity
charge” has been described as one of the toughest in the world. The newsreader reports on
this reaction to the toxicity charge by using the present perfect.
-All of these examples from the news bulletin describe events, actions or situations
that are connected to other events, actions or situations.
-Examples: (a) Sea levels will have risen by over a metre by the end of the century. (future
perfect simple) (b) Some health charities have campaigned for the change. (present perfect
simple) (c) The Princess had cancelled a public appearance the previous day. (past perfect
simple) (d) Will you have completed all your exams before I arrive for my holiday with
you? (future perfect) · Grammar rule: we make the past perfect with: subject + had + past
participle.
-Examples: (a) Sea levels will have risen by over a metre by the end of the century. (future
perfect simple) (b) Some health charities have campaigned for the change. (present perfect
simple) (c) The Princess had cancelled a public appearance the previous day. (past perfect
simple) (d) Will you have completed all your exams before I arrive for my holiday with
you? (future perfect) · Grammar rule: we make the present perfect with: subject +
has/have + past participle.
-Examples: (a) Sea levels will have risen by over a metre by the end of the century. (future
perfect simple) (b) Some health charities have campaigned for the change. (present perfect
simple) (c) The Princess had cancelled a public appearance the previous day. (past perfect
simple) (d) Will you have completed all your exams before I arrive for my holiday with
you? (future perfect) · Grammar rule: we make the future perfect with: subject + will have
+ past participle.
-Examples: (a) Sea levels will have risen by over a metre by the end of the century. (future
perfect simple) (b) Some health charities have campaigned for the change. (present perfect
simple) (c) The Princess had cancelled a public appearance the previous day. (past perfect
simple) (d) Will you have completed all your exams before I arrive for my holiday with
you? (future perfect) · Grammar rule: the subject comes after the auxiliary verb in
questions.
333) I have just finished watching the news. (I/just/finish: present perfect
simple)
334) …and then I was introduced to Obama! I'd always wanted to meet
him. (I/always/want: past perfect simple)
335) Why had you wanted to meet him? (why/you/want/?: past perfect
simple)
336) I will have worked here for 3 years in December. (I/work: future
perfect simple)
337) Where have you been? (where/you/be/?: present perfect simple)
338) When your next contract finishes, how long will you have
been here? (how long/you/be/?: future perfect simple)
339) A. What have you been doing? Have you seen the news? M. I’ve
only just finished work so I haven’t had a chance to see it. What’s up?
A. Someone has won the big prize on the lottery! The winning ticket was
sold at our local shop!
340) M. Oh wow, I haven’t checked my numbers yet. Have they already
announced the winner?
When describing what has previously been said, Madeleine makes use of
• reported speech.
391) J. Have you seen Max? He said he was looking for you, I’m not
sure why. N. Yeah, I just saw him. He congratulated me on my new job .
392) J. Oh, that’s kind of him. N. Yes, oh and he invited me to dinner at
his house on Friday.
393) J. That’s strange! You’re not going to go, are you? He’s a bit weird,
that Max. N. No way! I claimed that I’m working late on Friday.
• presenter
• profession
• screenplay
• confess
• produce
394)
He drove very fast and crashed into a tree .
395)
The idea to write this story came to me while sleeping .
396)
What are the film releases of the week?
397)
It is an out of the ordinary French restaurant .
398)
They devoted a special show to a dead actor .
406) The actor is often cast as a clumsy romantic who, in the end,
always manages to get the girl.
415) She is happy to meet some of her fans after she finishes a
concert.
420) The complexity of this text is so great that nobody can help
me.
• shopping.
• to a demonstration.
• (F)
• (F)
-Suzie Patel is busy working for the government, trying to save the hospital and improve
the housing situation.
• (F)
-Lots of politicians are famous for trying to save the local hospital.
• (F)
• (T)
431) Examples: (a) Politicians who raise taxes are unpopular. (b)
They live in a house whose rent has increased 5 times in 4 years.
(c) They’re the people who/that bought our flat. (d) They’re the
people (who/that) she met at the demonstration. (e) Let's move to
an area where there are fewer tourists. (f) The reason (why) I came
here today is not important. Defining relative clauses usually come
directly after the noun being defined.
432) Examples: (a) Politicians who raise taxes are unpopular. (b)
They live in a house whose rent has increased 5 times in 4 years.
(c) They’re the people who/that bought our flat. (d) They’re the
people (who/that) she met at the demonstration. (e) Let's move to
an area where there are fewer tourists. (f) The reason (why) I came
here today is not important. Defining relative clauses are not
separated from the rest of the sentence by brackets or commas.
433) Examples: (a) Politicians who raise taxes are unpopular. (b)
They live in a house whose rent has increased 5 times in 4 years.
(c) They’re the people who/that bought our flat. (d) They’re the
people (who/that) she met at the demonstration. (e) Let's move to
an area where there are fewer tourists. (f) The reason (why) I came
here today is not important. The relative pronoun
(who/which/why/there/that) can define the subject or object of the
verb.
434) Examples: (a) Politicians who raise taxes are unpopular. (b)
They live in a house whose rent has increased 5 times in 4 years.
(c) They’re the people who/that bought our flat. (d) They’re the
people (who/that) she met at the demonstration. (e) Let's move to
an area where there are fewer tourists. (f) The reason (why) I came
here today is not important. We do not have to use a relative
pronoun, if it is the object of the verb.
435) Examples: (a) Politicians who raise taxes are unpopular. (b)
They live in a house whose rent has increased 5 times in 4 years.
(c) They’re the people who/that bought our flat. (d) They’re the
people (who/that) she met at the demonstration. (e) Let's move to
an area where there are fewer tourists. (f) The reason (why) I came
here today is not important. We do not use personal pronouns or
nouns in relative clauses that have a relative pronoun referring to
the same thing.
436) Examples: (a) Politicians who raise taxes are unpopular. (b)
They live in a house whose rent has increased 5 times in 4 years.
(c) They’re the people who/that bought our flat. (d) They’re the
people (who/that) she met at the demonstration. (e) Let's move to
an area where there are fewer tourists. (f) The reason (why) I came
here today is not important. We can use “that” instead of who,
whom or which.
437) Examples: (a) Mike’s mother, who lives in Birmingham, has
never voted. (b) My friend Anna, who I used to work with, has just
written a best-selling novel. (c) Suzie Patel, who spoke at the
demonstration, is a well-known politician. (d) We met outside the
old library, which had shut years ago. (e) I've just come back from
the city centre, where the main part of the demonstration took
place. (f) I just met a politician called Suzie, whose main interest is
making housing more affordable. Relative pronouns must be
included in non-defining relative clauses.
438) Examples: (a) Mike’s mother, who lives in Birmingham, has
never voted. (b) My friend Anna, who I used to work with, has just
written a best-selling novel. (c) Suzie Patel, who spoke at the
demonstration, is a well-known politician. (d) We met outside the
old library, which had shut years ago. (e) I've just come back from
the city centre, where the main part of the demonstration took
place. (f) I just met a politician called Suzie, whose main interest is
making housing more affordable. Other pronouns cannot be
replaced with "that."
439) Examples: (a) Mike’s mother, who lives in Birmingham, has
never voted. (b) My friend Anna, who I used to work with, has just
written a best-selling novel. (c) Suzie Patel, who spoke at the
demonstration, is a well-known politician. (d) We met outside the
old library, which had shut years ago. (e) I've just come back from
the city centre, where the main part of the demonstration took
place. (f) I just met a politician called Suzie, whose main interest is
making housing more affordable. Comma(s) are always to
separate the non-defining relative clause from the rest of the
sentence.
440) Did you hear that story on the news today about the Paris
climate agreement? Maybe. Do you mean the agreement which
the US pulled out of?
441) Yeah, that’s it. Do you know what's happening with that now?
Well I think most of the other countries are going to continue with
it , which is good news. Yeah, I hope so.
442) Have you decided who you’re going to vote for? No. Well I was going to
vote for Gary Garage, the leader of the Union Party. Garage..? Ah, he’s the
politician who was arrested for corruption last week, right?
443) That’s right, he put £2 million of local schools’ money into his person bank
account , which shouldn’t be too surprising.
444) And that’s the guy - you were going to vote for? Oh dear.
• librarians.
• professors.
• students
• the past.
surplus =
512) excess
reimburse =
513) repay
bulky =
514) cumbersome
employer =
515) boss
provenance =
516) origin
517) Cleaning products pollute domestic water.
518) The children left on a trip to the zoo.
519) They took out a subscription to a decoration magazine.
520) The purpose of fair trade is to remunerate the producers at a
fair price.
521) She grows all kinds of vegetables in her garden.
522) A thermostat makes it possible to regulate the desired
temperature inside an accommodation.
523) His employer decided to give him a raise.
524) This piece of furniture was too bulky to be transported by
car.
525) He is a vegetarian ; he has not eaten meat in more than ten
years.
526) He sorted the mail gradually as it arrived.
527) Nowadays, it is obligatory to sort one's waste.
528) This store's surplus is offered to charity.
529) Organic products are guaranteed to be without pesticide.
530) There is a sheep farm close to my house.
531) The seasonal fruit and vegetables are always less expensive
and tastier.
532) She takes care of her vegetable garden every day after
work.
533) An ecological product is respectful of the environment.
534) She sometimes has aggressive behaviour .
535) Shopkeepers often make commercial gestures for their good
customers.
536) The birds never let the cherries ripen .
537) It is not advisable to store fruit in the refrigerator.
538) She sometimes adopts very unpleasant attitudes.
539) The profits of this year compensate for the losses of last
year.
540) The origin of a wine usually gives an idea of its main
features.
541) The producers of organic products cannot use
any pesticide .
542) He stopped me in order to ask for information.
543) As the product was defective, the store reimbursed the
customers.
544) Certain anarchists wanted to boycott the elections.
546) food.
Jack tells Anna that Marco made the pizza himself. This means that:
548) Marco made the pizza without any help from other people.
Jack asks Anna: Would you like to pour yourself a drink, Anna?
Jack emphasises his love of Hawaiian pizzas when he says: I myself love it!
Examples: 1. Why don’t you teach yourself to cook? • 2. They’ve taught themselves, just
by watching online videos and copying them. • 3. Maybe we should try and teach
ourselves, too? • 4. I know you like them but I myself hate mushrooms! • 5. He only passed
his driving test last week, but he drove here himself. • Grammar rule: Singular
reflexive/emphatic pronouns (used to talk about individual people or things) end in
• “selves”.
• “self”.
Examples: 1. Why don’t you teach yourself to cook? • 2. They’ve taught themselves, just
by watching online videos and copying them. • 3. Maybe we should try and teach
ourselves, too? • 4. I know you like them but I myself hate mushrooms! • 5. He only passed
his driving test last week, but he drove here himself. • Grammar rule: Plural
reflexive/emphatic pronouns (used to talk about more than one person or thing) end in
• “self”.
• “selves”.
Examples: 1. Why don’t you teach yourself to cook? • 2. They’ve taught themselves, just
by watching online videos and copying them. • 3. Maybe we should try and teach
ourselves, too? • 4. I know you like them but I myself hate mushrooms! • 5. He only passed
his driving test last week, but he drove here himself. • Grammar rule: Reflexive pronouns
can take the “object” position in a sentence, coming after the main verb.
Examples: 1. Why don’t you teach yourself to cook? • 2. They’ve taught themselves, just
by watching online videos and copying them. • 3. Maybe we should try and teach
ourselves, too? • 4. I know you like them but I myself hate mushrooms! • 5. He only passed
his driving test last week, but he drove here himself. • Grammar rule: Emphatic pronouns
come at the end of a clause, or directly after the noun/pronoun they refer to.
Louise is Max's
561) friend.
Louise: Yes, Jack. But I’ve got to meet Max at the library first.
Jack: When are you supposed to be meeting him? Louise: He should have been here ten
minutes ago. I really hope he’s not much longer.
He isn't usually late . I’m sure he’ll be there soon. Anyway there’s no rush; Nadia’s
already here so we can play together until you get here.
Louise: Er, yeah. For twenty minutes, in the rain. Max: Eh? I thought you were going to
text me when you got here. I was waiting to hear from you before coming out. Louise:
Hmm, no. I definitely don’t remember saying that. Anyway, did you get the book you
needed?
Max: Luckily, Marco kindly lent me his copy, so I’ll read that when I get home. Louise:
So, you didn’t even need to go to the library? Honestly! You could have let me know!
We can use "by" + person to say who the agent (person doing the action) is.
• a museum
The resident meets the consultant to find out what grants exist for ecological projects.
• False
The consultant tells the resident that the land cannot be used for a collective kitchen garden.
• False
• True
The Land Disposition Agreement allows the land to be occupied for a maximum period of
one year.
• False
The consultant tells the resident that the regional government could offer some financial
assistance.
• True
691) The city's support will make many things possible .
692) The city is with the collective gardeners. It
really supports their project.
693) The city wants to raise awareness of organic gardening.
694) A diagnostic was conducted to determine whether or not the soil was
polluted.
695) You could even receive a grant from the regional government for this
project.
696) The city owns the land, and will make it available for this project at no
cost.
697) We can promote the project through social media and the local newspaper.
698) Your group can continue to occupy the land indefinitely, as the Land
Disposition Agreement is renewable.
• sustainable development.
Your role is to raise the awareness of residents and the general public of
• environmental problems.
This is because
• of a colleague.
• illegible.
He's been so
• unfriendly.
No Jack, that's
• irrelevant.
An informal chat and apology might work.
736) We often use "il" before words starting with “l” (for example,
“legal”, ”legible”).
737) : We often use "ir" before words starting “r” (for example,
“relevant”, ”responsible”).
738) : We often use "im" before words starting “m” and “p” (for
example, “polite”, ”migrant”).
739) We often use "in" before words starting “c” and “s” (for
example, “sensitive”, ”complete”).
740) There are many exceptions to these rules, for example:
“unpack”, “unmarked”, “unlawful”, “unreal”.
741) That's totally illegal (legal). You should report it to the police!
742) You can’t trust him with all that money, he’s
so irresponsible (responsible), he’ll spend it all on clothes and
holidays.
743) Grow up! You’re so immature (mature) sometimes.
744) I can't do it, it's impossible! (possible)!
745) I can’t read that, it’s totally illegible! (legible)!
746) I couldn’t vote for him, he’s an awful man,
totally immoral. (moral).
747) L. Sorry Mike, can you re turn (again) Ms Thorn’s call? She’s
very un happy (not) about one of our adverts.
748) M. Sure, what’s the problem? L. She says it contains
some in correct (not) details that are quite mis leading (wrong).
She thinks it’s very dis honest (not) and wants to complain. M. OK,
which advert is it?
749) L. She’s complaining about the new advert, you know the one
with the big fluffy bear that promises a 50% interest rate for new
customers. M. What? The legal team said that would need to be
totally re written (again) before being published. They said the
original was completely il legal (not).
750) L. Yes, but I think she saw the advert when on holiday in
Dubai, does that make any difference? M. Dubai? Oh in that case,
get someone from the inter national (between) team to give her a
call back.
They discuss
• True
• False
• True
• False
• True
• False
• True
• False
Jack is still in the flat now.
• False
• True
• False
• True
We often use contractions (I've, haven't, etc.) when using the present perfect.
We usually position "ever" or "never" before the past participle verb.
We usually position "yet", "for + period" or "since + past time" at the end of the sentence.
751)
Have you ever been to Italy ?
752)
Where have you been today ?
753)
Have you emailed Sangeetha yet ?
754)
She has not telephoned me .
755) They haven't been to Berlin yet .
756) I have lived with Anna for 2 years .
757) I have known Louise since 2011 .
758) I have never liked horror films .
759) N. Hey Louise! I've not seen you this week. Have you been
sick?
760) L. No, I've just got back from a short holiday in Latvia.
N. Oh wow! L.
L. You really should, it's so cool. N. Really? What did you do? L. Loads! I
went sightseeing in Riga for the first few days.
N. Yeah L. And then I went to the beach yesterday, before flying back last night.
N. You flew back last night? Ah, that's why you look tired.
L. Yeah, and because I've been here since 7.30 this morning!
N. Oh no! That's really early. L. I know! But I need to prepare for a big
presentation tomorrow and I haven't done anything yet. N. Ah, OK. I'll
let you work on that then. Good luck! L. Thanks Nadia, see you later!
• false
• true
• false
• true
• true
• false
• false
• true
• false
• true
• true
• false
Subsequently, other delinquents were arrested in the neighborhood thanks to the camera.
• false
• true
769) Many cities choose video surveillance in order to fight
against delinquency.
770) There was a fight which required the intervention of the
police.
771) She has ignored her physique for a long time, but now she
has taken up sport again.
772) The inefficiency of this drug is clear from our study.
773) The police force proceeded to make four arrests in
connection with this case.
774) The change in working hours gave rise to
general dissatisfaction .
775) Her testimony is valuable for the defence.
776) The region is carrying out a pilot project aimed at testing the
effectiveness of paying for entry into the town centre for cars.
777) The monitoring of the team's work is ensured by our leader.
778) We have requested a loan from our bank.
779) The fall of the unemployment rate is an indicator of the
economic recovery.
780) Temperature measurement is carried out by means of a
thermometre.
781) There was a decrease in delinquency in the neighbourhoods
of the city centre.
782) This car is lacking electric windows.
783) She asked a question aimed at unsettling the speaker.
784) She managed to convince her colleagues to follow her.
785) We will discuss this item in a subsequent meeting.
786) We will keep four candidates at the end of the first round.
787) The accused was caught red-handed with the stolen watch
in his pocket.
788) All criminality must be sanctioned by justice.
789) The police forces were present to avoid any misbehaviour.
790) The wind turbines provide electricity to 10% of the
population.
791) He was offended that he wasn't invited.
792) With regard to your next assignment, you will need to
undertake some research.
793) He is not being objective when he says that his brother is the
best.
794) The harmful effects of the sun on the skin are undeniable .
795) The evaluation of essays is always complicated work for the
professor.
796) They want to restrict access to the Parliament building.
797) His speech had a great power of deterrence .
798) The surveillance of students is ensured by a team of eight
teachers
799) Criminal behaviour was so common to the extent that
nobody bothered to call the police about the robbery.
800) He was born in 1982.
801) We raised our three children in simplicity.
802) The water running from the tap was all yellow.
803) She was so happy that she cried tears of joy.
804) He couldn't finish his speech, he was so moved .
805) He went to the doctor because he had a stomach ache.
806) The newlyweds went on their honeymoon to Brazil.
807) A child of male sex was abandoned by his parents at a local
hospital.
808) This is a teenager who feels very good about himself .
809) Her fiancé is very charming .
810) Our grandmother is 102 years old, but she is
still in good health .
811) My parents' marriage was celebrated in this church.
812) She got pregnant when she was eighteen years old.
813) She looked radiant on her wedding day.
814) She was pale when she told us the news.
815) I must leave immediately: I am in a hurry .
816) I did a lot of sports when I was a teenager .
Jack is Louise's
832) friend
Use the structure: Subject + verb (present simple) + time, as in "The train leaves at 10:45
tomorrow." to talk about:
future arrangements.
future plans.
scheduled events.
Use the structure: Subject + will + verb (infinitive), as in "Yes, Sara, I will call you
tonight." to talk about:
future arrangements.
Use the structure: Subject + be + going to + verb (infinitive), as in "Luke is not going to the
USA this summer." to talk about:
future arrangements.
scheduled events.
future arrangements.
scheduled events.
plans made at the time of speaking.
L. Oh yes, I think I can get them if I need them, that's one of the reasons for going. J. Cool,
so
869) After the war, my grandfather was awarded a medal for his
courage.
871) The young athlete won his first victory of the season.
872) Her sport of choice is running , though she also enjoys
swimming and cross-fit.
879) They have set the bar very high , they will never find a
candidate with such a profile.
• (F)
• (T)
• (F)
• (T)
• (T)
• (F)
When asking Bill about his past habits, Anna uses "would" in her questions.
• (F)
• (T)
• (T)
• (F)
(a) They would regularly finish at the top of the league. (b) I’d go down there with my dad
every week, I used to love it. · Grammar rule: when describing past habits, we can use the
form:
• “would”.
888) (a) They would regularly finish at the top of the league. (b) I’d
go down there with my dad every week, I used to love it. · Grammar
rule: it is possible to use an adverb before the verb.
889) We'd play (we/play) tennis at the park every day after school.
• true
• false
• false
• true
You must have an independent professional activity before entering the house.
• true
• false
• false
• true
• true
• false
• home
• leisure time
• wing
• dormitory
• wage
• framing
• recognition
• reward
• free time
• hobby
• leisure time
• assistance
• rehabilitation
• positioning
• contribution
• framing
• charitable
905) We want to reward the students who have made the greatest progress.
906) Fifty volunteers work for this association.
907) Photography is one of my main hobbies .
908) He does voluntary work for a nature preservation association.
909) We filed a complaint form to ask for a refund.
910) She has a fulfilling job.
911) He has been excluded from the group because he made racist remarks.
912) Reading is his favourite pastime .
913) Care of the elderly in this institution is provided by a team of qualified
nurses, doctors and other healthcare workers.
914) He manages a home for asylum-seekers.
915) You do not fit the profile we are looking for.
916) We gave a helping hand to our neighbours who moved away.
917) He has an obvious talent for cooking.
919) We saw an accident and we went to rescue the occupants of the two cars.
920) As students, we stayed in youth hostels when we travelled, because the cost
of a bed in a dormitory is very affordable.
921) We welcomed all the guests then we had a drink in the garden.
922) Your contribution to the completion of our project was invaluable.
923) Many employees complain about the lack of recognition of their work.
924) He dedicated four hours a week to photography.
925) The walls of the house are covered with frescoes .
926) It is difficult to reintegrate into society after spending several years in
prison.
927) The European Union wants to have better control over the charitable sector.
928) He does manual labour, that's why he does not need to exercise to be in
shape.
929) What is your availability for a job interview?
• The Chief Executive suggests having a workshop about the use of ICT with
presentations.
• The Legal Department would like to invite a speaker.
• The Chief Executive assigns tasks to his two colleagues.
• The HR Dpt thinks they should organise a seminar on some computer programs.
• They discuss the programme from a practical point of view.
• They brainstorm what they could do on such a training day.
936) Our priority in the legal department is to invite a speaker who can advise us
about the latest developments in legal affairs related to the Internet.
937) Let's say that he or she talks for about an hour and a half.
938) However there's a small problem.
939) You're absolutely right . We can put people in groups according to which
computer programs they need for their jobs.
940) Perhaps a lawyer or an academic from the legal field with expertise in IT
Law ?
941) I suggest that we start around 9.30 with a short introduction about the
purpose of the training day.
942) I entirely agree. There is something for everyone. Now we'll have to look at
how to arrange this program from a practical point of view .
943) Let's all get together again next Wednesday to run through the final
program.
944) I agree, but it's easy to solve .
945) Our priority in the legal department is to invite a speaker who can advise us
about the latest developments in legal affairs related to the Internet.
946) Personally, I think that it would be a good idea to organise a workshop that
tells us a bit more about the use of ICT with presentations.
947) That's perfect , because we can simply ask the IT Department to take care
of that seminar.
948) I think that it would be a good idea if we first brainstormed about what we
could do on such a training day .
949) Dorothy, could you liaise with the IT Department and make sure that
a list is drawn up of computer programs that cause the most difficulties ?
950) The secretaries and assistants experience difficulties working out how to
use these programs to their full potential.
951) Personally, I think that it would be a good idea to have a workshop that
tells us a bit more about the use of ICT with presentations.
952) We'll have to liaise with the IT department about which programs cause the
most problems.
953) I think that these three topics will make for a well-balanced and very
informative training day.
954) I suggest that we start around 9.30 with a short introduction about the
purpose of the training day.
955) Right, can we wrap things up now ? Joan, could you find a speaker to
give a presentation on IT Law ?
956) Paula really needed to be getting off , she was already late,
and the training session had gone on for too long already. She
knew her Dad would be waiting outside in the car, thinking up new
and imaginative punishments to dish out to her.
957) Paula held up the trainers and looked at them lovingly. They
looked even better now than did in the shop.
958) Paula had saved hard for 3 months before having enough
money to splash out on new trainers.
959) For 3 long months Paula had cut back on nearly everything:
trips to the cinema, shopping, and going into town, but it had been
worth it.
960) Paula had been working hard to build up her fitness since
the national championships.
961) She looked back on her disappointment and knew that she
wouldn't let herself feel like that again.
962) It was time to knock out the competition and bring in a gold
medal.
963) Jack: Hi Louise, are we still playing tennis this afternoon ?
Where are you?
Louise: Yes, Jack. But I’ve got to meet Max at the library first.
• That's where I right now am.
• That's right now when I am.
Jack: When are you supposed to be meeting him? Louise: He should have been here ten
minutes ago. I really hope he’s not much longer.
He isn't usually late . I’m sure he’ll be there soon. Anyway there’s
no rush; Nadia’s already here so we can play together until you get
here.
• (F)
• (T)
• (T)
• (F)
• (F)
• (T)
• (F)
• (T)
• (F)
• (F)
• (T)
1005) He has called a meeting with the Human Resources Manager, Peter Hey,
and a union representative, Jane Stokes.
1006) Last year our profits fell by 15% and the prospects for this year are no
better.
1007) I've asked Peter to draw up a list of people who we might make redundant.
1008) He has to tell them that the only option they have to keep their company
afloat is to lay people off .
1009) That 's true , but you have to look at it from a human point of view. In the
end, it's not the fault of the manual workers that the company is in trouble !
1010) First and foremost , I would like to thank and congratulate everyone
1011) for all their effort and hard work. Despite the severe economic downturn,
AUTOSCREENS has performed exceedingly well.
1012) Countries in the Eurozone account for 80% of our exports.
1013) I firmly believe that our excellent value for money is largely responsible for
our success.
1014) We have submitted a request for grants from the Department of Trade and
Industry.
1015) What about people who want to take early retirement ?
1016) Salary costs, such as the National Insurance contributions that the employer
has to pay, rose again and we urgently needed to create new revenue streams to
cover these costs.
1017) Earlier this year, we entered into negotiations with some of our
competitors with a view to a possible merger.
1018) Today I have better news, because we hope to be in a position to take
on about 15 new members of staff in the coming weeks and months.
1019) Is everybody here ? - Yes, I think so.
1020) I firmly believe that the quality of our products and our
excellent value for money are largely responsible for our success.
1021) What about people who want to take early retirement ?
1022) First and foremost , I would like to thank and congratulate everyone for all
their effort and hard work.
1023) In addition, the strength of the pound made it very difficult to export to
certain markets, particularly to countries in the Eurozone, which account for 80%
of our exports.
1024) Earlier this year, we entered into negotiations with some of
our competitors with a view to a possible merger.
1025) Salary costs , such as the National Insurance contributions that the
employer has to pay, rose again.
1026) We have also thought about that and have submitted a request for grants .
1027) First and foremost, I would like to thank and congratulate everyone for all
their effort and hard work; without you this would not have been possible .
1028) Despite the severe economic downturn, which has affected the automobile
industry, AUTOSCREENS has performed exceedingly well .
1029) Despite the severe economic downturn, which has affected the automobile
industry, AUTOSCREENS has performed exceedingly well.
1030) In 2002 the company was struggling and we were unfortunately forced
to lay some people off .
1031) Absolutely not . Let me make it very clear that one of the preconditions of a
possible merger is that nobody will lose their job.
1032) Until now, no actual deals have been made.
1033) As you may be aware , the figures are very encouraging.
1034) The pound has also weakened against the Euro during the last 12 months,
which means that our products are more competitively priced on the Continent.
1035) Now that the company is performing well, does that mean that there are
funds available for additional training or will we have to wait for that ?
1036) I am not in a position to give you an answe r at present . Some time
next month I expect to receive a report on this subject from a Management
Consultancy firm, and only then will I be able to give you a definite answer to that
question.
1037) There can be no doubt that we still face major challenges ahead.
1038) Will there be any redundancies if there's a merger ?
1039) Clearly our agreements with various large car manufacturers have
contributed to the 50% rise in profits.
1040) Earlier this year, we entered into negotiations with some of our competitors
with a view to a possible merger .
1041) It seems more than likely that over the next three years our profit margins
will double. Now let's look at how this can be achieved.
1042) In addition , the strength of the pound made it very difficult to export to
certain markets, particularly to countries in the Eurozone, which account for 80% of
our exports.
Phrasal verbs can take this pattern: subject + verb + object + particle. An example of this is:
Phrasal verbs can also take this pattern: subject + verb + particle + (preposition) object. An
example of this is:
Another phrasal verb pattern is: subject + verb + particle. An example of this is:
• At a meeting in a company.
• No, she definitely wants to stop any further discussion on this subject.
• We do not know, at the end of the conversation, Sandra and Mark completely
change the subject.
How does Sandra react to the argument that teleworking can give a good image of the
company?
• That those employees who want to can do a test for one day a week.
During a meeting, one of your colleagues claims that teleworking makes employees less
productive. How do you oppose this idea?
• You admit that it is difficult to manage work and productivity when employees
manage their own time at home.
• You show him figures from studies that prove the opposite.
• Frequent meetings are often useless, and video conferences are a hot topic.
• My colleagues and I doubt that we need to understand the topic of the frequency of
meetings.
You are convinced of the benefits of a nap at work. During a meeting, your superior reacts
in the following way: "At the end of the day, we do not pay employees to sleep during the
work day! What do you answer to him?
• "Excuse me, but, it seems to me that if you put in place a 15-minute nap, it would
have a negative impact on the productivity of the company's employees!"
• "Excuse me, but it's absurd. Contrary to what you say, serious studies, with figures
to support it, have shown that a nap is a good habit!"
1070) She used a photograph to support her claim that she was at home all day.
1071) This chef prepares delicious dishes. It is his passion for exotic flavours
that drives him.
1072) In friendships, it's important to show loyalty .
1073) You are not allowed to speak in this meeting until we give you the floor .
1074) Peter wanted to show me the benefits of running.
1075) Employee profitability often decreases in summer.
1076) If you decide to leave now, the whole team's work will suffer .
1077) It is often difficult to understand certain philosophical concepts.
1078) I did not wish to add anything to this debate; my opinions have already
been expressed by others.
1079) I don't think the cycle lane project for the city centre is feasible .
1080) Every day Patrick has to endure his colleague Henry's bad mood.
1081) The question of the distribution of tasks was on yesterday's agenda .
1082) You have certainly made good progress on this issue, but the work is far
from over.
1083) It is now time to address the next item on the agenda.
1084) If you interrupt me all the time, I will never finish my explanation.
1085) Julie tends to disagree with Martin. She thinks it's better if he waits until
the end of the month to resign.
1086) I had to make a good argument to convince my colleague to participate in
the training programme.
1087) To be credible, a company must be attentive to its corporate identity .
1088) If you let me continue , you will understand where I'm coming from.
1089) I am convinced that my brother should stop using his car for journeys of
less than five kilometres.
1090) We have not received the minutes of yesterday's meeting.
1091) The impact of our advertising campaign has been very positive for the
company.
1092) It is often difficult to combine my hobbies and obligations.
1093) I am in favour of a transparent recruitment policy.
1094) Elisa does not manage her schedule well; she always ends up late.
1095) I cannot always achieve my goals on time.
1096) Marianne often finds it difficult to admit that she is wrong.
1097) The news of his departure affected us a great deal.
• to refund Ms Jackson the difference between the price she paid and the price of the
television on promotion.
• to buy her old television and sell her a new one at a lower price.
• a discount on her next purchase in the store.
• She paid more for her television than the price shown on the ticket.
What does the after-sales service employee do at the end of the conversation?
1101) Peter has still not received the carpet he ordered more than 2
months ago. He is really unhappy !
1102) The item I received is not the one I ordered. Is it possible to
be refunded ?
1103) The store has received several complaints about a defective
refrigerator.
1104) The new photocopier is very complicated to use, I don't
understand how it works .
1105) If you do not read the manual , you will never understand
how this device works.
1106) As my coffee machine broke down and it was still under
guarantee, I went to the after-sales service department of the shop
that I bought it from.
1107) To be sure that you are present at the delivery time, it is
better to make an appointment with the delivery person .
1108) When the customer places his order for a product, the
salesperson must print an order form .
1109) Which payment method would you like to use? Bank card,
cheque, cash?
1110) Patrick queued for 20 minutes at the checkout before he
could pay for his purchase.
A customer complains that the item he bought is defective, what should you do?
• Check that the item is under guarantee, then offer to repair or exchange it.
A customer complains about an invoicing error. He explains that he was charged for a more
expensive dishwasher model than the one that was delivered to him. What do you do?
A very dissatisfied customer complains because, despite the appointment he made with the
delivery person, the item he ordered was not delivered. What do you do?
• Give him the personal phone number of the delivery person and explain that his
complaint does not concern you.
• Apologise and then check that there are no errors in his file.
• Note the reasons for his dissatisfaction in his file and explain the current
promotions.
1111)