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1) He is working part-time , that's why he is at home two days per

week.
2) When I propose that she accompanies me, she turns a deaf ear .
3) His speech was very long, we had to wait one hour before he got to
the heart of the matter
4) When they spoke of the future they referred to the reform.
5) She is the only one providing for her family.

6) Mister Venquedire is a trade union leader.

• true

7) According to Mister Venquedire, there are large inequalities in our company.

• false

• true

For Mister Venquedire, it is normal that salary differences exist.

• true

8) Mister Venquedire wants the government to increase all salaries.

• false

9) Mister Venquedire wants rich people to pay more taxes.

• true

10) Mister Venquedire wants rich people to pay more taxes.

• true

11) The government is open to the demands of the trade union.


• false
12) Our country has plunged into a deep economic crisis.
13) She has a lot of experience behind her.
14) The unemployment rate has diminished.
15) They paid social contributions for forty years.
16) They presented their demands to management.
17) He got to the heart of the subject without wasting time.
18) In our country, the social security works rather well.
19) In our country, the social contributions are rather high.
20) All trade unions across the country were called upon for a
general strike.
21) Working for this airline company, he benefits from many
discounts on ticket prices.
22) He has a part-time job in a cleaning company.
23) The insurance claim was rejected because it was too high.
24) An employee of the company denounced bad working
conditions.
25) She has a full-time job as an accountant in a small local
company.
26) When we found our cat, it was in a deplorable state.
27) I transferred three thousand euros to a humanitarian
association.
28) The cashier was new and accidentally overcharged the
customer.
29) If two candidates tie for the job, it will be their experience that
will prevail .
30) He is competent; moreover he is really kind.
31) The unemployment rate has risen sharply in the last year.
32) The tax authorities impose a tax rate of 30% on the average
incomes.
33) When we criticise him, he turns a deaf ear to us.
34) She doesn't work too much; she limits herself to the strict
minimum.
35) They referred to an old story that I had never heard.
36) The country was plunged into an unprecedented crisis.
37) This company is always on the hunt for good workers .
38) His wage must allow him to satisfy the needs of his entire
family.
39) She was injured during a match and had to put an end to her
career .
40) My grandma is a pensioner ; she does not work anymore as
she retired a few years ago.
41) Workers benefit, in certain companies, from complementary
health coverage .
42) In our country, the workers generally benefit from good social
protection .
43) She has solid experience in the field of advertising.
44) For her retirement, she receives a good pension .
45) In an egalitarian society, all must have the same rights and
the same obligations.
46) We demand an increase of our wages.
47) He has a fixed -term contract for a three month period in a
cleaning company.
48) She has a law degree and another one in communication.
49) Many governments plan to increase the age of retirement .
50) I explained my point of view but he didn't agree with me.
51) Louise tells Marco about places she plans to visit .
52) Louise and Marco do not discuss health .
53) Some of the places Louise and Marco discuss have an article
(a/an/the) before them.
54) We use the indefinite article (a/an) with some fixed phrases .
For example, “once a day”, “20 kilometres an hour”.
55) We use the indefinite article (a/an) the first time a singular
countable noun item is mentioned. For example, “I got an
interrailing ticket.”
56) We use the indefinite article (a/an) when talking about
something of which there are many . For example, “a personal
assistant.”
57) We use the definite article (the) when mentioning something
again . For example, “The suitcase I was telling you about is quite
big.”
58) We use the definite article (the) with superlative adjectives .
For example, “I’m not the most adventurous of travellers.”
59) We use the definite article (the) when talking about something
that is unique . For example, “She’s the President of the United
Nations.”
60) We use the definite article (the) with specific
uncountable nouns. For example, “the traffic in Rome.”
61) We use the definite article (the) when referring to specific
organisations or buildings . For example, ”the university in town.”
62) We use the definite article (the) when referring to countries
containing the words “Republic”, "Kingdom”, "Emirates” or “States”.
For example, “the UK.”
63) We use the definite article (the) when referring to mountain
ranges, rivers and seas . For example, “the Alps,” “the
Mediterranean.”
64) We use the definite article (the) with the names of theatres,
cinemas, hotels and museums . For example, “the Ritz”, “the
Borghese Gallery.”
65) We use the zero article (-) when generalising about plural and
uncountable nouns . For example, “I thought you hated travelling.”
66) We use the zero article (-) with abstract nouns. For example,
“Happiness is so important.”
67) We use the zero article (-) when talking about institutions .
For example, “university isn’t for everyone.”
68) We use the zero article (-) with most countries . For example,
“France”, “Spain”, “Mexico”.
69) We use the zero article (-) with specific mountains and lakes .
For example, “Mount Everest”, “Lake Titicaca”
70) We use the zero article (-) when talking about continents and
regions . For example, “Northern Italy”, “Europe”

Reminder
Articles | Meaning and Use
a/an (definite
the (definite article) - (zero article)
article)
Some fixed phrases
Some fixed phrases
the __ of __
superlatives Some fixed phrases
a few / a lot
once a day / week /
in the class. at home / work
month
at the beginning / end go to bed
forty kilometres an
in the world
hour
the next
the same
a/an (definite
the (definite article) - (zero article)
article)
The first time a
singular countable
When something is
noun is mentioned
mentioned again
I’ve finally saved up
I bought a suitcase. The
enough to get myself
suitcase is quite big.
an interrailing
ticket.
A unique thing When generalising about plural and
One of many
uncountable nouns.
She’s the president of the
She’s an accountant.
UN. I thought you hated travelling.
Buildings / specific
organisations Abstract nouns

The university is Happiness is so important.


expanding every year.
Countries containing
“Republic”, Kingdom”
or “States” Institutions

The Czech Republic, The University isn’t for everyone.


United Kingdom, The
US.
Mountain ranges,
Most countries
rivers & seas
France, Spain, Chad
The Alps, the Danube
Uncountable nouns
(connected with a
Specific mountains and lakes
specific time or place)
Mount Everest, Lake Titicaca
The traffic is awful
today.
Names of theatres,
cinemas, hotels and Regions and continents
museums
Northern Europe,
The Ritz, The Natural Africa
History Museum
Generalising about a
specific type of thing
Cities
(formal)
London, Paris, Amsterdam
The lion is a dangerous
beast.
71) M. Hi Louise! How was your holiday? L. Fantastic! M. And how
were the coffee and croissants by the Eiffel Tower?
72) L. About £25! So I decided to save my money instead. M. Wow,
that’s a lot. So, did you go to all the countries you planned to? Which
was your favourite?
73) L. I did, and I had an amazing time in the Netherlands. I’m going
back there at the end of this semester.
74) M. So what was so good about - Holland?
75) L. It was just so chilled. The weather was really good and everyone
seemed really friendly.
76) M. Was the food OK?
77) L. Yeah, I had a few good meals there, but the best food was
definitely in Paris.
78) M. So what did you like about it? L. Hmmmm, it wasn’t as dramatic
as the Alps, or cultural as - Rome, but it just had a really nice feel to it.
Yeah, cool place.
79) Frank is in Australia.
80) Marco wants to call his brother on his birthday, later this week.
81) It was difficult to arrange a suitable time to make the call.
82) Marco needed to consider what Frank would be doing at specific
times in the

83) Frank’s birthday celebrations will (probably) be in progress at 4.00 on


Saturday morning.

• (T)

84) Frank’s birthday celebrations will have started before 4.00 on Saturday
morning.

• (T)

85) Frank won’t feel good at 7.00 on Saturday morning.

• (T)

86) Frank won’t feel good at 7.00 on Saturday morning.


• (T)

87) Frank celebrated his 21st birthday the previous week.

• (F)

88) Marco and Flo speak in a very formal way.

• (F)

Meaning - Summary
Example
Future continuous | Examples
He’ll be sleeping then (at 4.00), won’t he?
He’ll probably still be celebrating at 4.00 in the morning!
Frank probably won’t be feeling great at 7.00.
Will he be working at 7 in the evening?
Reminder
Future continuous | Meaning and use
We use the future continuous tense to talk about actions that will be in progress at
(or around) a certain time in the future. For example:
example meaning

He (Frank) will be sleeping • Frank will start to sleep before 4.00 next Saturday morning.
then (at 4.00) • Frank will continue to sleep until after 4.00 next Saturday morning.

He (Frank) will probably • Frank will probably start celebrating before 4.00 next Saturday morning.
still be celebrating at 4.00 • Frank will probably continue to celebrate until after 4.00 next Saturday morning.
in the morning!
We can also use the future continuous to talk about things we think are happening
now (current predictions). For example:
example meaning

I believe Dad is currently having lunch. I am not 100% sure, I


cannot see Dad eating, but I believe this is true (possibly
Don’t call Dad now, he’ll be having lunch.
because he told me he would be eating now – or because
usually eats at this time).

Reminder
We can also use the future continuous to talk about people's plans. For example:
Question Answers

Will you be staying in this evening? Yes, I'll be watching a new TV series.
Will you be having lunch out, or at home? We'll be eating out - I've booked a table at a nice restaurant.

What time will you be coming back? We'll be flying in at around 6 a.m.
How will you be paying? I'll be paying by credit card.

89) Examples: (a) He’ll probably still be celebrating at 11:00 at


night! • (b) Frank probably won’t be feeling great at noon. • (c) Will
he be working at 2 in the afternoon? • Grammar rule: We
make positive statements with: subject + will + be + verb (-ing
form).
90) Examples: (a) He’ll probably still be celebrating at 11:00 at
night! • (b) Frank probably won’t be feeling great at noon. • (c) Will
he be working at 2 in the afternoon? • Grammar rule: We
make negative statements with: subject + will + not + be + verb (-
ing form).
91) Examples: (a) He’ll probably still be celebrating at 11:00 at night! •
(b) Frank probably won’t be feeling great at noon. • (c) Will he be working
at 2 in the afternoon? • Grammar rule: We make questions with: (WH-
question word) + will + subject + be + verb (-ing form).
92) Examples: (a) He’ll probably still be celebrating at 11:00 at night! •
(b) Frank probably won’t be feeling great at noon. • (c) Will he be working
at 2 in the afternoon? • Grammar rule: When writing informally or
speaking, we can contract subject pronouns and "will".
93) Examples: (a) He’ll probably still be celebrating at 11:00 at night! •
(b) Frank probably won’t be feeling great at noon. • (c) Will he be working
at 2 in the afternoon? • Grammar rule: “Won’t” is the contracted form of
"will" and "not".
94) Examples: (a) He’ll probably still be celebrating at 11:00 at night! •
(b) Frank probably won’t be feeling great at noon. • (c) Will he be working
at 2 in the afternoon? • Grammar rule: We usually mention a future time
when using future continuous to talk about future events.
95) What will you be doing (what/you/do) at 5.00 tomorrow?
96) I’ll be waiting (I/waiting) for the bus back home then.
97) I won’t be working (I/not/work) then, I finish at 4.30.
98) Where will you be staying (where/you/stay) next weekend?
99) They probably won’t be working (they/probably/not/work) late
tonight.
Form - Summary
Example
Future continuous | Examples
He’ll probably still be celebrating at 4.00 in the morning!
Frank probably won’t be feeling great at 7.00.
Will he be working at 7 in the evening?
Reminder
Future continuous | Form
Positive statements

examples structure

He’ll probably still be celebrating at 4.00 in the morning!


subject + will + be + verb (-ing form) + time*
They will be flying to New York next Monday.

*It is not necessary to include the future time if:

• it is already obvious to the speaker (it has already been mentioned)


• talking about things that are happening now.

Negative statements

examples structure

Frank probably won’t be feeling great at 7.00. subject + will + not (or 'll not)+ be + verb (-ing form)
+ time*
I will not be working next Tuesday. subject + won't + be + verb (-ing form) + time*

Questions

examples structure

What will you be doing at 7 in the evening?


(WH- question word) + will + subject + be + verb (-ing form)
+ time*
Will he be working at 7 in the evening?

Contractions

positive (subject pronoun + will) negative (subject pronoun + will + not)

I’ll I won’t - I'll not


you’ll you won’t - you'll not
Contractions

positive (subject pronoun + will) negative (subject pronoun + will + not)

he’ll he won’t - he'll not


she’ll she won’t - she'll not
they’ll they won’t - they'll not
we’ll we won’t - we'll not
it’ll it won’t - it'll not

100) F. Hi Mum, I’m really sorry I can’t talk now. D. No problem dear, I could
call you tomorrow at 3.30. What will you be doing (what/you/do) then?
Would that be convenient?
101) F. Ah, I’ll be collecting (I/collect) the kids from school then. Are you free a
bit later, like after 3.00?
102) D. Hmmm, It’s Tuesday so Joyce is coming over at about 4. We’ll
probably be chatting (we/probably/chat) in the garden and drinking tea for a
couple of hours. I could call you at about 6. How’s that? F. Perfect!
103) D. Have you got any time free to come over this weekend? F. Um, yeah, I
will, actually. I won’t be taking (I/not/take) the kids to football on Saturday
morning – my friend Anna said she’d do it, so I could come over then?
104) D. That sounds good – not too early though, I'll be enjoying (I/enjoy) a lie-
in until at least 9.00. It’s been a crazy week!
105) F. No worries, same here – that’s why I’m getting Anna to take the kids
this week. Anyway, I’d better call Dad now, see you Saturday! D. Yes, see
you then. I think your Dad will be driving (Dad/driving) at the moment, so
maybe call him a bit later.

106) Flo and Mike are

• related.

107) Flo and Mike are discussing

• future plans.

108) Flo and Mike are discussing


• future plans.

109) Flo and Mike don't know exactly when all their arrangements will finish.

110) Flo will be home at 11.30 on Saturday morning.

• (T)

111) We know exactly when Flo will leave football practice.

• (F)

112) Flo will leave football practice sometime before 11.30 on Saturday morning.

• (T)

113) Mike will be in a meeting at 9.30 on Saturday morning.

• (F)

114) Mike’s meeting will finish before 9.30 on Saturday morning.

• (T)

115) Mike does not say exactly when his meeting will finish.

• (T)

Meaning - Summary
Reminder
Future perfect | Meaning and Use
We use the future perfect to talk about things that will be finished before a
specified time in the future.
It is important to remember:

• Future perfect does not focus on when an action or situation finishes.


• Future perfect focuses on whether an action or situation will be finished before a
specific future time.

For example:
Example Meaning

We’ll have finished our meeting by 9:30. Mike’s meeting will finish sometime before 9:30.

Do you need the computer? I’ll have finished using it in an hour. At some point in the next hour I will stop using the computer.

Flo will be at football practice (or still be travelling back) at


I won’t have got back from football practice by then (10.30).
10.30.

Will you have got back home by 11:30? Will you return to your home before 11:30?

116) Examples: (a) We’ll have finished our meeting by 9:30. • (b) Do you
need the computer? I’ll have finished using it in an hour. • (c) I won’t have
got back from soccer practice by then (10:30). • (d) Will you have got back
home by 11:30? • Grammar rule: We make positive statements with:
subject + will + have + past participle verb + time.
117) Examples: (a) We’ll have finished our meeting by 9:30. • (b) Do you
need the computer? I’ll have finished using it in an hour. • (c) I won’t have
got back from soccer practice by then (10:30). • (d) Will you have got back
home by 11:30? • Grammar rule: We make negative statements with:
subject + will + not + have + past participle verb + time.
118) Examples: (a) We’ll have finished our meeting by 9:30. • (b) Do you
need the computer? I’ll have finished using it in an hour. • (c) I won’t have
got back from soccer practice by then (10:30). • (d) Will you have got back
home by 11:30? • Grammar rule: We make questions with: (question
word) + will + subject + have + past participle verb + time.

119) Examples: (a) We’ll have finished our meeting by 9:30. • (b) Do you need
the computer? I’ll have finished using it in an hour. • (c) I won’t have got back from
soccer practice by then (10:30). • (d) Will you have got back home by 11:30? •
Grammar rule: Introduce specific points of time with

• "by".

120) Examples: (a) We’ll have finished our meeting by 9:30. • (b) Do you need
the computer? I’ll have finished using it in an hour. • (c) I won’t have got back from
soccer practice by then (10:30). • (d) Will you have got back home by 11:30? •
Grammar rule: Introduce periods of time with

• "in".
121) I will have finished my studies (I/finish) in three years.
122) We won’t have finished (we/not/finish) making dinner by 6.00.
123) Mike will have gone (Mike/go) home by then.
124) Will you have finished (you/finish) those reports by 5.00?
125) What will she have learned (what/she/learn) to do?

Form - Summary
Reminder
Future prefect | Form
Positive statements

examples structure

We’ll have finished our meeting by 9:30. subject + will + have + past participle verb + time*.

Negative statements

examples structure

I won’t have got back from football practice by then. subject + will + not + have + past participle verb + time*.

Questions

examples structure

(question word) + will + subject + have + past participle verb + time


Will you have got back home by 11:30?
*.

Time phrases*

Points in time (introduced with “by”) Periods of time (introduced with “in”)

2.30 20 minutes
Monday morning an hour
(the start/end of) March 3 days
July 15th a few months
2028 5 years
* It is not necessary to include the future time if it is already obvious to the speaker
(it has already been mentioned).

126) F. Can I change the channel? Bake Up is on soon. M. I’m watching


this programme at the moment. Can you watch it on the TV upstairs? F.
No, Dad’s watching football at the moment and it won’t have
finished (it/not/finish) in time. Bake Up starts at 9.30.
127) M. Oh that’s OK, it’s only 9.15 now. This will have finished
in (this/finish) 10 minutes. F. Cool, thanks.
128) M. I’ll come over after work and help you get ready for the party if
you like. F. That might be a bit late. We will have done (we/do)
everything by then.
129) M. Everything? Will you have picked (you/pick) up the cake? F. Oh
no! I forgot about that. Would you mind picking it up from the cake shop?
M. No worries, leave that with me.
130) The Liberal Party (P...) wants to reform (r...) the law on financial
transactions.
131) The Liberal Party wants people to pay tax (t...) on these financial
transactions, which will enrich the State.
132) The money collected by the State could be invested (i...) in areas
such as sustainable (s...) development.
133) Labour legislation (l...) also needs to be reformed so that all
workers enjoy the same rights.
134) With this measure we will kill two birds with one stone .
135)
The voters thought this show deserved public aid .
136) The Government must strengthen social rights .
137) Our country must become an economic locomotive for all Europe .
138)
It is necessary to level out the mixed classes .
139) A fixed-term part-time job is a precarious job.
140) Changing the bed linen daily is an indecent luxury.
141) His remarks were not respectful to his family.
142) Despite the attacks directed at him, he maintained a
very dignified attitude.
143) She doesn't think that doing house chores is a degrading job, on
the contrary, it requires entire know-how.
144) This measure is intended to aid people working in the
agricultural sector .
145) The measure would provide financial aid to farmers who
must invest significant amounts of money in their farms.
146) The sector's competitiveness should thus be strengthened .
147) The distribution of agricultural products should be done while
respecting the imposed prices.
148) Thanks to this measure, the farmers will be remunerated in
a decent manner.
149) He promised to give us a helping hand, we count on him.
150) Money for development aid was allocated within the budgetary
envelope .
151) The management had to take disciplinary measures against the
culprits.
152) His money allowed him to quickly wipe out all the problems.
153) He could materialise his project thanks to receiving
substantial public aid .
154) They are considering moving abroad.
155) The education reform aims at leveling social discrepancies among
students.
156) The country adopted new legislation on public procurement.
157) The coach wanted to strengthen his team by hiring three foreign
players.
158) Sustainable development is a major issue in today's world.
159) They invest in better performing equipment.
160) She encouraged her parents to renovate the house.
161) By changing work, he killed two birds with one stone : he got rid
of a tyrannical boss and earned a better wage.
162) A competitor won many public contracts.
163) This law has been passed by the Chamber, with 125 against
32 votes
164) He managed a ready-to-wear female fashion store.
165) During the last term of office , the government set up a State
reform.
166) She saved for fifteen years to be able to buy her apartment.
167) The government must be committed to protecting social rights .
168) His behaviour towards his professors was not respectful : he was
expelled.
169) For this type of problem, you should speak directly to the
management.
170) Every nation has a stake in dealing with climate change. It affects
everyone.
171) The way the customer talked to the waiter was very degrading .
172) The current government is composed of representatives from three
political parties .
173) Our company is no longer competitive , as other companies
abroad manage to manufacture the same products at a much lower cost.
174) After the war, the European countries were slow to
regain prosperity .
175) The French elect a new president every five years.
176) They wore indecent outfits that shocked more than one person.
177) In spite of her handicap, she lived in a
completely autonomous manner.
178) We have set up a rotating system so that the tasks are distributed
fairly among all.
179) This politician remained dignified in all circumstances, even when
criticism was more than harsh.
180) The next government will have to reform the agricultural policy.
181) She was in a precarious situation: she had no job and she had to
repay many debts.
182) He didn't pay taxes for ten years, the tax authorities now claim
considerable amounts from him.
183) Raj finds politics quite boring .
184) Why did you vote for him if you did not think he was trustworthy ?
185) He doesn't have enough knowledge to really make decisions.
186) Susan is unable to vote anywhere as she is an expatriate
187) She hates the squabbling that goes on in political parties.
188) Politics is important as it concerns everybody.
189) A synonym for "dependable" -> trustworthy
190) People who have the right to vote -> the electorate
191) A synonym for "to quarrel" -> to squabble
192) Something that worries you or is important to you is called a -
> concern
193) To agree with, or to provide money to someone so they can pay
their bills -> to support
194) A synonym for a problem -> issue
195) Susan is annoyed because of the low turn-out at elections.
196) In some countries, voting is compulsory .
197) Michael takes an interest in what politicians decide to do.
198) As the saying goes, "you get the government you deserve ."
199) His business trip was cancelled, this enabled (= make something
possible) him to go and vote for the presidential elections.
200) Democrats are left-wing , therefore, they are more interested in
social policies.

201) Nadia and Jack are

• in Nadia's new flat.

202) ack is helping Nadia by

• moving some of her things.

203) Nadia and Jack talk about

• people, places and objects.

204) Nadia and Jack use the following words to talk about people (Sam):
who and that

205) Nadia usually gets her hair cut

• in a salon.

206) Nadia uses the following word to talk about a place (her usual hairdressing
salon):

• where

207) What objects were on the table?

• books and a picture


208) Nadia uses the following words to talk about objects (photo and
books): which that

209) Nadia and Jack talk about actions and situations in different
points in time.

Meaning - Summary
Example
...that's the woman that cuts my hair.
She's the hairdresser who did my sister's hair...
'Glossy Bobs' is where I usually get my hair done.
Can you put the books that are on the table back on the bookshelf?
No, the one (picture) that is on the table.
I used the one (camera) which I got for my birthday.
Defining Relative Clauses | Meaning and Use
We can use relative clauses to provide extra information about a noun. Defining
relative clauses help us show which specific thing (of many possibilities) we are
talking about.
Look at the examples above. These relative clauses tell us:
- Which specific woman is being spoken about (Jack's hairdresser).
- Which particular books Nadia is talking about (the ones on the table).
- Which particular picture Nadia wants Jack to put on the wall (the one on the
table).
- Which camera Nadia used (her nice new one, not the old one on her phone).

Relative Pronouns | Meaning and Use


When using relative clauses, we can use relative pronouns to refer to the noun
(from earlier in the sentence). The pronoun can help us understand what the noun
describes and how it is used in the sentence.

• Some relative pronouns describe either the subject or object.

• Some relative pronouns only describe the object of a sentence.

• Some relative pronouns only describe possessives.


Which relative pronoun should I use?

What is described Relative pronoun Example

who
People that That's the person who/that/whom I was telling you about.
whom

which
Object That's the camera which/that I bought her for her birthday.
that

Sam lives next to someone whose dog is very loud!


Possessive (object or person) whose
The car whose alarm keeps going off is really annoying!

Place where That's the place where we got married.

Reason why The reason why I moved here isn't important.

Time when That's the time when I usually go to work.

Tips and Tricks


Use "that" when speaking.
When talking about people and objects, it is possible to use "that" instead of other
relative pronouns. This is very common in spoken English. This is also easier to
remember, so doing this can help your spoken fluency.
We only use "whom" in formal writing. Otherwise we use "who" or "that".

210) I'm going to get a chair that we can put in the bedroom.

211) That's the man who lives next door.

212) Let's go to a shop where we can get everything we need for


the kitchen.
213) You can take anything that you want. I don't need it
anymore.
214) The man who phoned will call back later.
215) The woman who is interested in buying your old car will call
back later.
216) Be careful! The water # coming out of the tap is really hot!
217) No, that's someone whose house I wouldn't buy. He's
always complaining about it!
218) The chair that I bought last week is broken. (relative pronoun refers to the
object of the verb)

• Not obligatory

219) The woman who spoke Japanese at the conference is my cousin. (relative
pronoun refers to the subject)

• Obligatory

220) The person who is interested in buying the house will phone back later.
(relative pronoun followed by "be" + adjective phrase)

• Not obligatory

221) The car which is in front of the pharmacy is my sister's. (relative pronoun
followed by a prepositional phrase)

• Not obligatory
222) I'm going to get a chair that we can put in the bedroom.
223) That's the man who lives next door.
224) Let's go to a shop where we can get everything we need for
the kitchen.
225) You can take anything that you want. I don't need it
anymore.
226) The man who phoned will call back later.
227) The woman who is interested in buying your old car will call
back later.
228) Be careful! The water # coming out of the tap is really hot!
229) No, that's someone whose house I wouldn't buy. He's
always complaining about it!

Form - Summary
Example
That's a table I borrowed from my mum.
The person interested in renting the spare room will phone back later.
The coat by the door is Dave's.
Example
Hi! Are you the family who's just moved into the flat next door? - or - Hi! Are you
the family that's just moved into the flat next door?
"who" / "that" describes "the family" the subject of the sentence.
Relative Clauses | Form
Relative clauses must include the relative pronoun when it describes the
subject (not always) of the sentence (see the example above).
In the following situations, you can choose whether to add the relative
pronoun. You do not have to include it.
When relative pronouns are optional:

Situation Example

The relative pronoun describes the object of the That's a table which I borrowed from my mum.
verb. That's a table I borrowed from my mum.

The person who's interested in renting the spare room will phone back
The relative clause contains the verb 'be' + an
later.
adjective phrase
The person interested in renting the spare room will phone back later.

The relative clause contains the verb 'be' + a The coat which is by the door is Dave's.
prepositional phrase The coat by the door is Dave's.

Important
Where should prepositions go?
Look at the following sentences. Are they grammatically correct?

• The family with whom I stayed were lovely.

• The house in which I lived as a child was very old.

Yes, they are grammatically correct, however they sound quite old fashioned. It
would be more natural to say them like this:

• The family I stayed with were lovely.

• The house I lived in as a child was very old.

What's different? We remove the pronoun and put the preposition after the verb
. This is different to a lot of other languages, but doing so will help you sound more
natural.

230) J. I need a new camera too, but must sell my old one first. N.
Have you used ebuy.com? That's the website which I use to sell
all my old stuff.
231) J. No, I haven’t. Would that be a good place to get a new one
too? N. Maybe, things are quite cheap. But it's a good idea to both
see and try the camera first. J. Like where? N. There’s a
photography shop which is on the high street. The staff in there
are really helpful.
232) J. Ah, Snappy Shots? I know it. It’s the place that's next door
to the bookshop… I think I remember it from the time when we got
Anna’s birthday present. Right?
233) . That’s it! Can you remember that nice old man who worked
there?
234) J. The one who took an hour to find the book?
235) N. Yes! Now I remember. The book that was on the counter
in front of him when we arrived! J. I hope the staff in Snappy Shots
are a bit quicker than him. N. Don’t worry. I don’t think anyone could
possibly be as slow! J. Yeah, right. Anyway, thanks for the advice
Nadia, but I should be helping you get your flat organised!
236) N. Yes! Now I remember. The book that was on the counter
in front of him when we arrived! J. I hope the staff in Snappy Shots
are a bit quicker than him. N. Don’t worry. I don’t think anyone could
possibly be as slow! J. Yeah, right. Anyway, thanks for the advice
Nadia, but I should be helping you get your flat organised!

237) Louise and Max are

• students.

238) Max is writing

• an academic assignment.

239) Max can improve his writing by

• connecting his ideas better.


240) Words and phrases like, “in order to”, “due to” and
“therefore” are used to express the reason for something
happening, or its result.
241) Words and phrases like, “despite” and “although” are used to
connect two ideas or bits of information that do not agree.
242) Words and phrases like, “moreover” , “furthermore” and “in
addition” are used to add extra pieces of information that support
the current argument.
243) Some of these connectives are quite formal and frequently
used in academic writing , but not when speaking.

Meaning - Summary
Example
Connectives | Examples
• I need to improve my writing in order to get a really good grade.

• That makes sense, although it does sound very formal.

• Despite government efforts to reduce pollution, in many countries it is increasing.

• Pollution is increasing due to rising populations, in addition to greater use of


plastics in food packaging.

• We should drive more fuel-efficient cars and recycle; furthermore/moreover,


governments need to stop businesses from polluting the environment.
Reminder
What are connectives and why do we use them?
Connectives are words like “and”, “so”, “but” and “because” that connect
sentences. In this lesson, we are looking at more complex connectives.
But why use them? It is grammatically correct to use 2 simple sentences and say,
“Max understands his subject very well. He needs some help writing his
assignment.”
However, as the 2 ideas are connected, we can combine them into a single
compound sentence. For example:
“Max understands his subject very well, but he needs some help writing his
assignment.”

connective meaning and use

in order to expresses the purpose of something

due to expresses the cause of something

despite expresses a difference between 2 connected situations or ideas

although expresses a difference between 2 connected situations or ideas


in addition introduces another similar situation/idea

moreover introduces another similar situation/idea with extra importance

furthermore introduces another similar situation/idea

Connectives are very important in academic writing as they help show the
relationship between different ideas.
Reminder
Connectives | Meanings
The table shows you the connectives used by Louise and Max, along with their
meanings:

244) I need to improve my writing in order to get a really good grade. • Grammar
rule: After the connective "in order to", we see a/an

• infinitive verb.

245) Despite the government efforts to reduce pollution, in many countries it is


increasing. • Grammar rule: After the connective "despite", we see a/an

• noun/ -ing form.

246) Pollution is increasing due to rising populations, in addition to greater use of


plastics in food packaging. • Grammar rule: After the connective "in addition to",
we see a/an

• noun / -ing form.

247) Pollution is increasing due to rising populations, in addition to greater use of


plastics in food packaging. • Grammar rule: After the connective "due to", we see
a/an

• noun / -ing form.

248) We should drive more fuel-efficient cars and recycle; moreover,/


furthermore, governments need to stop businesses from polluting the environment. •
Grammar rule: After the connectives "moreover" and "furthermore" we see a

• comma ","
249) Connectives introduce subordinate clauses. These are sometimes at the start
of sentences, before the main clause.

250) That makes sense, although it does sound very formal. • Grammar rule: After
the connective "although", we see a/an

• clause.
251) I’m going home early tonight in order to get my assignment done
on time.
252) Although it’s October, it’s still really warm.
253) Despite working really hard, Max had to resit his exam.
254) More students are having to take extra jobs due to the increased
cost of living.
255) It is essential that universities recruit staff from diverse
backgrounds. Moreover, students from low-income families should also
be encouraged to apply.

Form - Summary
Example
Connectives | Examples
• I’m going home early tonight in order to finish my assignment on time.
• Although it’s October, it’s still really warm.

• Despite working really hard, Max had to resit his exam.


• More students are having to take extra jobs due to higher living costs.

• It is an effective strategy and, moreover, a quick one to introduce.

• It is essential that universities recruit staff from diverse


backgrounds. Furthermore, students from low-income families should also be
encouraged to apply.
Connectives | Sentence Structure
Connectives introduce and link clauses within compound sentences (sentences
with more than one clause).
• Main clauses can form sentences on their own. They have a subject and verb.
• Subordinate clauses cannot form sentences. They need a main clause to form a
sentence.
connective form

in order to + infinitive verb + subordinate clause

due to + noun / -ing form

despite + noun / -ing form

although + subordinate clause

in addition to + noun / -ing form

Moreover, + main clause (at start of sentence)

moreover + subordinate clause (in middle of sentence)

Furthermore, + main clause (at start of sentence)

furthermore + subordinate clause (in middle of sentence)

256) Although Louise is one of the best students in her class, she only
got 56% in her last exam.
257) In order to do better next time, she organised a study group with
some other students.
258) Unfortunately, only half of them came despite having the day off.
259) We have seen the disappearance of over 100,000 species of
animals in the last 100 years. Moreover, the Earth is warming at a rate
that could result in the destruction of up to 76% of life in the next 100
years. This is due to a variety of factors including industry and human
food production in addition to fuel for transportation and heating.
260)
The fall of the Government made all the headlines .
261) The refusal of the Socialists undermined the negotiations .
262) I would like to work more on this project .
263)
The absent colleagues did not see the outcome of the story .
264) The rain disappeared in an instant .

complaint - theft - burglary


• theft
• burglary

• complaint

special envoy - journalist - diplomat

• diplomat
• special envoy

• journalist

storm - sun - wind

• storm

• sun

• wind

burglar - witness - convicted

• convicted

• witness

• burglar

exhibition - museum - painter

• painter

• museum
• exhibition

section - segment - channel

• channel

• section
• segment
265) The plot's outcome was rather unexpected.
266) He filed a complaint against his boss for harassment.
267) The special correspondent of the public channel had to be
repatriated due to political instability in this area.
268) The storm last night caused a lot of damage throughout the region.
269) He repaired our television in a flash .
270) I watch all events of the Olympic Games on the sports channel .
271) Certain species of birds are very territorial , they protect their
territory.
272) We need more money to carry out this project.
273) The game is broadcast live on a giant screen.
274) I read the newspaper daily, but I never read the sports section
275) The winner donated the money he had won to a charitable
organisation.
276) This piece of news undermined my good spirits.
277) The crowd pressed against the store doors hoping to buy the last
book of the trilogy.
278) I saw a very interesting segment about the work of firemen in large
cities.
279) It is the testimony of a passer-by which made it possible to convict
the culprit.
280) There is no way out of this crisis.
281) She has been the victim of a sad event, presented in other news .
282) I buy a daily newspaper every morning, but not always the same
one.
283) I went to see our baker at work ; it was very interesting.
284) Hundreds of police officers were present for maintaining the order.
285) The names of the culprits are not yet known.
286) This weekend, we joined our friends who were on holiday at the
seaside.
287) The new king made the headlines this morning across the
country.
288) Forty deputies voted against the bill.
289) Inflation has reached its highest level since the beginning of the
crisis.
290) The supermarket thefts are declining.
291) There were three burglaries in the neighbourhood tonight.
292) During the last decade , the city has been completely transformed.
Flo is Madeleine's

• boss.

Madeleine likes talking to

• Jack.
293) Madeleine uses words like “inquired” and “asked" when describing
the questions that Flo had asked.
294) Madeleine uses words like “suggested” and “recommended” when
describing the advice that had been given.
295) Madeleine uses words like “claimed” and “admitted” when
describing what had been said about facts and responsibility.

Madeleine explains to her friend what happened at work, and

• reports her manager's words using certain reporting verbs.

When describing what has previously been said, Madeleine makes use of

• reported speech.
296) When reporting questions, use a reporting verb like “ask” or
“inquire”.
297) Some reporting verbs always need an object (for example, “me”),
others never do, and others can, but don’t have to.

When reporting a closed “yes”/”no” question, we use “if” “or

• "whether".

When reporting a closed “yes”/”no” question, do not use "do" as an auxiliary verb.
When reporting questions that originally had a WH- question word, include the WH-
question word.

298) The subject and verb in reported questions are in the same order as
• positive statements.

299) We don't use a question mark at the end of reported questions.

300) Nadia asked me if I had to work late.


301) Anna inquired whether a meeting room was available at 3.00.

302) Max asked me

• where the printer is.

303) Madeleine claimed that she had had a shower that morning.
304) Tyrone suggested that they find a new marketing agency.

Form (reporting questions) - Summary


Example
Reporting questions | Sentence structure examples
original speech reported speech

How are things going? She inquired how things were going.
Do you have too much work? She asked (me) if/whether I had too much work.

Reminder
Reporting questions with a WH- question word

• Include the WH- question word.

• Change the order of the subject and verb (so it is the same as a positive
statement).
• Don’t use question marks.

• Include an appropriate reporting verb (and its verb pattern).

Reminder
Reporting questions with a “yes” or “no” answer.

• Do not use auxiliary verbs.

• Change the order of the subject and verb (so it is the same as a positive
statement).
• Use "if" or "whether".
• Don’t use question marks.
• Include an appropriate reporting verb (and its verb pattern).

Form (reporting verbs) - Summary


Reminder
Reporting verbs | Verb patterns
Different reporting verbs are followed by different combinations of words. It can be
possible for the same reporting verb to be followed by several combinations of
words.
For example:
pattern and example reporting verbs

verb only
agree, apologise, refuse.
She apologised.

accept, acknowledge, add, admit, advise, agree, announce, answer,


argue, believe, boast, claim, comment, complain, decide, deny, expect,
verb + (that) clause explain, imagine, insist, know, mention, notice, observe, point out,
He admitted (that) he had used the company’s credit predict, promise, recommend, repeat, reply, report, respond, reveal,
card. say, shout, state, suggest

words that must be followed by “that”

verb + object + that clause


advise, assure, inform, reassure, remind, tell, warn.
She advised me that I would be collected at 5.20.

verb + to infinitive
agree, demand, guarantee, offer, propose, refuse, threaten.
They offered to pick up the children.

verb (+ optional object) + to infinitive


She asked to use the company car. ask, beg, expect, promise.
She begged us to give her a job.

verb + object + to + infinitive advise, allow, challenge, command, encourage, expect, forbid, force,
I advised him to take lots of notes. instruct, invite, order, permit, persuade, remind, request, tell, warn

verb + object + to + infinitive + complement acknowledge, assume, believe, claim, consider, expect, feel, find,
She considers Microsoft to be a huge success story. presume, suppose, think, understand

verb + -ing form admit, apologise for, decide on, deny, mention, recommend, regret,
Nadia denied reading his emails. report, suggest

Verb + object + preposition + -ing form They


accuse, blame, congratulate, thank
accused Jack of being late.
305) N. Why are you still here? J. The boss asked me to wait for a
phone call from an important customer, but they haven’t phoned yet.
306) N. Did she insist that you stay in the office though? Could you
forward your desk phone onto your mobile? J. No, but she warned me I’d
be in big trouble if I missed the call, so I think I’ll just wait. N. That doesn’t
sound very fair.
307) J. Have you seen Max? He said he was looking for you, I’m not
sure why. N. Yeah, I just saw him. He congratulated me on my new job .
308) J. Oh, that’s kind of him. N. Yes, oh and he invited me to dinner at
his house on Friday.
309) J. That’s strange! You’re not going to go, are you? He’s a bit weird,
that Max. N. No way! I claimed that I’m working late on Friday.

Anna and Nadia planned to

attend a political event.

They did not know where Anna was.


Jack unsuccessfully tried to call Anna.

Nadia had to bring Jack some apples.

• (F)

Nadia 100% knew that Jack had seen a protest poster.

• (F)

There are so many protest posters, Nadia found it difficult to believe that Jack had not seen
one.

• (T)
Nadia thought it was possible that Anna’s phone had ran out of battery.

• (T)

Jack knew Anna had recently charged her phone and thought it very unlikely that she had
run out of battery.

• (T)

310) Examples: (a) You needn’t have, but that’s really kind. Thanks. (b)
You must have heard about the protest. There are posters absolutely
everywhere. (c) She might have run out of battery. (d) No, she can’t have
(run out of battery – she charged it recently). (e) I can hear someone
outside, that could be Anna. (f) It must be Anna, her car’s just appeared
outside. · Grammar rule: we make positive statements
about present situations with: subject + modal verb + be.
311) Examples: (a) You needn’t have, but that’s really kind. Thanks. (b)
You must have heard about the protest. There are posters absolutely
everywhere. (c) She might have run out of battery. (d) No, she can’t have
(run out of battery – she charged it recently). (e) I can hear someone
outside, that could be Anna. (f) It must be Anna, her car’s just appeared
outside. · Grammar rule: we make negative statements
about present situations with: subject + modal verb + not + be.
312) Examples: (a) You needn’t have, but that’s really kind. Thanks. (b)
You must have heard about the protest. There are posters absolutely
everywhere. (c) She might have run out of battery. (d) No, she can’t have
(run out of battery – she charged it recently). (e) I can hear someone
outside, that could be Anna. (f) It must be Anna, her car’s just appeared
outside. · Grammar rule: we make positive statements
about past situations with: subject + modal verb + have + past participle
verb.
313) Examples: (a) You needn’t have, but that’s really kind. Thanks. (b)
You must have heard about the protest. There are posters absolutely
everywhere. (c) She might have run out of battery. (d) No, she can’t have
(run out of battery – she charged it recently). (e) I can hear someone
outside, that could be Anna. (f) It must be Anna, her car’s just appeared
outside. · Grammar rule: we make negative statements
about past situations with: subject + modal verb + not + have + past
participle verb.
314) Examples: (a) You needn’t have, but that’s really kind. Thanks. (b)
You must have heard about the protest. There are posters absolutely
everywhere. (c) She might have run out of battery. (d) No, she can’t have
(run out of battery – she charged it recently). (e) I can hear someone
outside, that could be Anna. (f) It must be Anna, her car’s just appeared
outside. · Grammar rule: we use "subject + needn’t + have + past
participle" to say that something was not necessary.
315) Is that Jack? - No, it couldn’t be him (could/not/him - present), he’s
in Greece this week.
316) I can’t have left (can/not/left – past) it in the bank – I had it in the
taxi on the way home.
317) The cat must have come (must/come – past) in through the
window. I feel sure of it.
318) The cat must have come (must/come – past) in through the
window. I feel sure of it.
319) That must be Nadia (must/Nadia – present), she said she’d come
over on her way home from work. I’m not expecting anyone else.
320) The heating might be (might/be – present) broken, or perhaps
someone turned it off? I’m not sure, but it’s really cold!
321) They might have missed (might/miss - past) their flight, they
should have been here hours ago.
322) Flowers? you needn't have (you/not/need - past)! But thank you,
they’re beautiful.
323) J. Mike worked all last night; he must be (he/be) really tired now.
324) A. Yeah, but he went home after work, so he might have
got (he/get) a couple of hours of sleep.
325) J. That’s true, but still, he can’t be (he/not) feeling very energetic
right now. A. Hmm, OK, well, let’s play tennis, and then give him a call
later. J. Good thinking.
326) A child went ice-skating on a frozen lake. Sadly, the ice cracked
and the child fell into the freezing water. He can't have seen (not see)
the signe saying "Danger - thin ice!".
327) When we arrived at the restaurant we were told it was fully booked.
The restaurant manager told us we should have made (make) a
reservation.
328) Julie didn't phone me as arranged. I think she might have run (run)
out of battery power.
329) A. How was the protest yesterday? Did you go? M. Yeah, I went
with Nadia and Anna, it was really big. I’m sure there must have
been (be) at least 10,000 people there.
330) A. Wow, that’s good. And was it pretty peaceful? M. Well, it felt very
relaxed – but there were so many people, there might have been trouble
that I didn’t see.

Asia Brown is

• a news presenter.

Most of the stories are about

• the environment and pollution.

The stories describe situations in

• the past, present and future.


331) Estimates suggest that sea levels will have risen by more than 1
metre by the end of the century.
332) The princess of Suffolk, who is currently pregnant, had cancelled a
public appearance the day before she announced her pregnancy.

In the first segment of the news bulletin, the newsreader reports a prediction about higher
sea levels by the end of the current century. To do this, the newsreader uses the

• future perfect.

-The newsreader also reports that the Princess of Suffolk had cancelled a public
appearance before her pregnancy was announced to the public. To report an event that
happened before another past event, the newsreader uses the past perfect.
-In the final news items, the newsreader reports that some health charities campaigned for
new traffic pollution rules to be introduced. However, the resulting new “toxicity
charge” has been described as one of the toughest in the world. The newsreader reports on
this reaction to the toxicity charge by using the present perfect.

-All of these examples from the news bulletin describe events, actions or situations
that are connected to other events, actions or situations.

-Examples: (a) Sea levels will have risen by over a metre by the end of the century. (future
perfect simple) (b) Some health charities have campaigned for the change. (present perfect
simple) (c) The Princess had cancelled a public appearance the previous day. (past perfect
simple) (d) Will you have completed all your exams before I arrive for my holiday with
you? (future perfect) · Grammar rule: we make the past perfect with: subject + had + past
participle.
-Examples: (a) Sea levels will have risen by over a metre by the end of the century. (future
perfect simple) (b) Some health charities have campaigned for the change. (present perfect
simple) (c) The Princess had cancelled a public appearance the previous day. (past perfect
simple) (d) Will you have completed all your exams before I arrive for my holiday with
you? (future perfect) · Grammar rule: we make the present perfect with: subject +
has/have + past participle.

-Examples: (a) Sea levels will have risen by over a metre by the end of the century. (future
perfect simple) (b) Some health charities have campaigned for the change. (present perfect
simple) (c) The Princess had cancelled a public appearance the previous day. (past perfect
simple) (d) Will you have completed all your exams before I arrive for my holiday with
you? (future perfect) · Grammar rule: we make the future perfect with: subject + will have
+ past participle.

-Examples: (a) Sea levels will have risen by over a metre by the end of the century. (future
perfect simple) (b) Some health charities have campaigned for the change. (present perfect
simple) (c) The Princess had cancelled a public appearance the previous day. (past perfect
simple) (d) Will you have completed all your exams before I arrive for my holiday with
you? (future perfect) · Grammar rule: the subject comes after the auxiliary verb in
questions.

333) I have just finished watching the news. (I/just/finish: present perfect
simple)
334) …and then I was introduced to Obama! I'd always wanted to meet
him. (I/always/want: past perfect simple)
335) Why had you wanted to meet him? (why/you/want/?: past perfect
simple)
336) I will have worked here for 3 years in December. (I/work: future
perfect simple)
337) Where have you been? (where/you/be/?: present perfect simple)
338) When your next contract finishes, how long will you have
been here? (how long/you/be/?: future perfect simple)
339) A. What have you been doing? Have you seen the news? M. I’ve
only just finished work so I haven’t had a chance to see it. What’s up?
A. Someone has won the big prize on the lottery! The winning ticket was
sold at our local shop!
340) M. Oh wow, I haven’t checked my numbers yet. Have they already
announced the winner?

A. No! They announced the winning number 20 minutes ago, but

• the winner still hasn’t got in touch!


341) A. Can you call Nadia when she gets home? She’s working
late tonight, but she will have got back by 7.30.
342) M. Hmmm, I’ve arranged to watch the football with Madeleine.
That’s when it starts. A. Well, phone her a bit sooner then. She’ll be home
by 7.30 at the latest, but will probably be there sooner. M. Oh yeah, will do.
343) Printed newspaper sales have decreased .
344) Online newspaper sales have increased .
345) The digital version of the newspapers generally
contains more articles than the paper version.
346) The digital version of the newspapers is not an issue for the media
groups.
347) A large number of newspaper readers are giving up the paper
version in favour of the paid digital version .
348) The free online version is generally of inferior quality to the paid
digital version .
349) This show is midway between theatre and opera.
350) She didn't reimburse me for the ticket price. Besides , she already
owed me money.
351) It's an association that raises money in favour of cancer research.
352) He advertised online , which allowed him to have new clients.
353) We have found the proof that he is guilty.
354) They downloaded this text online.
355) Does she fulfil the required conditions?
356) She was approached by a stranger .
357) Stop telling lies .
358) Certain insects spread serious diseases.
359) She reads the online newspaper daily.
360) We have the evidence that he lied.
361) The closure of the plant is known , 150 employees are expected to
lose their jobs.
362) He fell off the roof and crashed to the ground in agony .
363) He would even follow the advice of an amateur .
364) She read an article on the use of foreign languages in companies
across the country.
365) In this town rumour spreads so quickly that it's hard to keep up
with it.
366) The passers-by stopped to admire the window display of the
pastry chef.
367) His turnover has been steady for several years.
368) She is a master of manipulation . She manipulates her friends to
ensure that they do what she wants.
369) This colour is midway between blue and green.
370) In order to compete with other countries, we must reduce the cost
of labour.
371) Our company experienced a wave of resignations last year.
372) This novel has been the subject of a new edition .
373) From his garden, one can enjoy a fabulous view.
374) She has abandoned sport lately.
375) The school ordered thirty tablets to be used in the history classes.
376) This company will conduct a restructuring of all its plants.
377) They collect money in favour of the people affected by the
tsunami.
378) Nowadays young people communicate with each other on social
networks .
379) We await a net decline in unemployment for the next year.
380) He suffers from a worrying wound.
381) He downloaded this document from the website of the Ministry for
the Economy.
382) The age required to get a driver's licence is 18.
383) Stop telling lies , I don't believe you anymore!
384) He arrived late. In addition , he had forgotten his work papers.
385) He watched the full eight seasons of his favourite series.
386) According to her boss, this young woman has a future in cinema.
387) He is a young man who is very brilliant in his
studies. Furthermore , he shows great capacity for tennis.
388) Madeleine uses words like “inquired” and “asked" when describing
the questions that Flo had asked.
389) Madeleine uses words like “suggested” and “recommended” when
describing the advice that had been given.
390) Madeleine uses words like “claimed” and “admitted” when
describing what had been said about facts and responsibility.

Madeleine explains to her friend what happened at work, and

• reports her manager's words using certain reporting verbs.

When describing what has previously been said, Madeleine makes use of

• reported speech.
391) J. Have you seen Max? He said he was looking for you, I’m not
sure why. N. Yeah, I just saw him. He congratulated me on my new job .
392) J. Oh, that’s kind of him. N. Yes, oh and he invited me to dinner at
his house on Friday.
393) J. That’s strange! You’re not going to go, are you? He’s a bit weird,
that Max. N. No way! I claimed that I’m working late on Friday.

actor - director - presenter - producer

• presenter

projection - room - profession - cinema

• profession

screenplay - cinema - big screen - seventh art

• screenplay

critique - excerpt - praise - opinion


• excerpt

devastate - shock - move - confess

• confess

stage - direct - produce

• produce
394)
He drove very fast and crashed into a tree .

395)
The idea to write this story came to me while sleeping .

396)
What are the film releases of the week?

397)
It is an out of the ordinary French restaurant .

398)
They devoted a special show to a dead actor .

399) Roméo and Juliette are the protagonists from a play by


Shakespeare.

400) We will focus on this question during our next meeting.

401) This shop has a whole range of bio products.

402) His name doesn't appear on the film's poster .

403) The teacher read an excerpt from a novel by Eric-Emmanuel


Schmitt.

404) He must confess that he has lied.


405) The news is unprecedented , nobody is yet aware of it.

406) The actor is often cast as a clumsy romantic who, in the end,
always manages to get the girl.

407) He had a doubt , he was no longer sure he knew his friend's


address.

408) There are some very good books in the latest


literary releases .

409) Posters of the latest film by Tarantino are seen everywhere.

410) When he read the screenplay , the actor immediately wanted


to act in the film.

411) He follows weekly cooking courses.

412) His boss had praised his work.

413) He rushed towards me to congratulate me.

414) The screening of the film was stopped by a power failure.

415) She is happy to meet some of her fans after she finishes a
concert.

416) She staged a play by Molière.

417) She had been baffled by the news.

418) I read an excerpt from this novel that I enjoyed a lot.

419) Tomorrow, we will focus on budgetary aspects.

420) The complexity of this text is so great that nobody can help
me.

421) Her outfits are always out of the ordinary .


The director has achieved a lot of success with his previous films.

422) The protagonist in the film is a seductive man in his forties.


423) The opinion of literary critics rarely achieves unanimity.
424) She always manages to get what she wants.
425) Translation consists of transposing a discourse from one
language to another.
426) The teaching profession is one of the most beautiful
professions in the world.
427) He likes to follow the news .
428) Every day, I listen to a show on the radio, devoted to politics.
429) He confessed that he had lied.
430) The producer did not want to spend too much money for the
promotion of the film.

Anna has been

• shopping.

• to a demonstration.

-Anna saw a politician there.


-Mike didn't go to the demonstration.
-The demonstration was not advertised on posters.

• (F)

-Mike knew everyone at the demonstration.

• (F)

-Suzie Patel is busy working for the government, trying to save the hospital and improve
the housing situation.

• (F)

-Suzie Patel has recently left her government job.


• (T)

-Lots of politicians are famous for trying to save the local hospital.

• (F)

-Suzie Patel is mainly working on housing problems.

• (T)
431) Examples: (a) Politicians who raise taxes are unpopular. (b)
They live in a house whose rent has increased 5 times in 4 years.
(c) They’re the people who/that bought our flat. (d) They’re the
people (who/that) she met at the demonstration. (e) Let's move to
an area where there are fewer tourists. (f) The reason (why) I came
here today is not important. Defining relative clauses usually come
directly after the noun being defined.
432) Examples: (a) Politicians who raise taxes are unpopular. (b)
They live in a house whose rent has increased 5 times in 4 years.
(c) They’re the people who/that bought our flat. (d) They’re the
people (who/that) she met at the demonstration. (e) Let's move to
an area where there are fewer tourists. (f) The reason (why) I came
here today is not important. Defining relative clauses are not
separated from the rest of the sentence by brackets or commas.
433) Examples: (a) Politicians who raise taxes are unpopular. (b)
They live in a house whose rent has increased 5 times in 4 years.
(c) They’re the people who/that bought our flat. (d) They’re the
people (who/that) she met at the demonstration. (e) Let's move to
an area where there are fewer tourists. (f) The reason (why) I came
here today is not important. The relative pronoun
(who/which/why/there/that) can define the subject or object of the
verb.
434) Examples: (a) Politicians who raise taxes are unpopular. (b)
They live in a house whose rent has increased 5 times in 4 years.
(c) They’re the people who/that bought our flat. (d) They’re the
people (who/that) she met at the demonstration. (e) Let's move to
an area where there are fewer tourists. (f) The reason (why) I came
here today is not important. We do not have to use a relative
pronoun, if it is the object of the verb.
435) Examples: (a) Politicians who raise taxes are unpopular. (b)
They live in a house whose rent has increased 5 times in 4 years.
(c) They’re the people who/that bought our flat. (d) They’re the
people (who/that) she met at the demonstration. (e) Let's move to
an area where there are fewer tourists. (f) The reason (why) I came
here today is not important. We do not use personal pronouns or
nouns in relative clauses that have a relative pronoun referring to
the same thing.
436) Examples: (a) Politicians who raise taxes are unpopular. (b)
They live in a house whose rent has increased 5 times in 4 years.
(c) They’re the people who/that bought our flat. (d) They’re the
people (who/that) she met at the demonstration. (e) Let's move to
an area where there are fewer tourists. (f) The reason (why) I came
here today is not important. We can use “that” instead of who,
whom or which.
437) Examples: (a) Mike’s mother, who lives in Birmingham, has
never voted. (b) My friend Anna, who I used to work with, has just
written a best-selling novel. (c) Suzie Patel, who spoke at the
demonstration, is a well-known politician. (d) We met outside the
old library, which had shut years ago. (e) I've just come back from
the city centre, where the main part of the demonstration took
place. (f) I just met a politician called Suzie, whose main interest is
making housing more affordable. Relative pronouns must be
included in non-defining relative clauses.
438) Examples: (a) Mike’s mother, who lives in Birmingham, has
never voted. (b) My friend Anna, who I used to work with, has just
written a best-selling novel. (c) Suzie Patel, who spoke at the
demonstration, is a well-known politician. (d) We met outside the
old library, which had shut years ago. (e) I've just come back from
the city centre, where the main part of the demonstration took
place. (f) I just met a politician called Suzie, whose main interest is
making housing more affordable. Other pronouns cannot be
replaced with "that."
439) Examples: (a) Mike’s mother, who lives in Birmingham, has
never voted. (b) My friend Anna, who I used to work with, has just
written a best-selling novel. (c) Suzie Patel, who spoke at the
demonstration, is a well-known politician. (d) We met outside the
old library, which had shut years ago. (e) I've just come back from
the city centre, where the main part of the demonstration took
place. (f) I just met a politician called Suzie, whose main interest is
making housing more affordable. Comma(s) are always to
separate the non-defining relative clause from the rest of the
sentence.
440) Did you hear that story on the news today about the Paris
climate agreement? Maybe. Do you mean the agreement which
the US pulled out of?
441) Yeah, that’s it. Do you know what's happening with that now?
Well I think most of the other countries are going to continue with
it , which is good news. Yeah, I hope so.

442) Have you decided who you’re going to vote for? No. Well I was going to
vote for Gary Garage, the leader of the Union Party. Garage..? Ah, he’s the
politician who was arrested for corruption last week, right?
443) That’s right, he put £2 million of local schools’ money into his person bank
account , which shouldn’t be too surprising.
444) And that’s the guy - you were going to vote for? Oh dear.

Louise and Max are

• librarians.
• professors.

• students

Max is feeling a bit worried about his current situation.

Max and Louise discuss events in

• the present and future.

• the past, present and future.

• the past.

445) On comes after: “concentrate”, “rely” and “agree”.


446) For comes after: “apologise”, “apply” and “prepare”
447) From comes after: “protect”, “recover” and “suffer”.
448) In comes after: “believe”, “specialise” and “succeed”.
449) To comes after: “introduce”, “refer” and “complain”.
450) With comes after: “deal”, “provide” and “agree”.
451) Have you started applying for the job yet?
452) You should concentrate on your assignment this week -
revise for the exam afterwards.
453) I’m looking for a course that will allow me to
specialise in linguistics.
454) You should make sure you protect your
computer from viruses.
455) Please refer to the bibliography for a list of the books I used
to write this paper.
456) I’m sorry, but I’m afraid I don’t really agree with that.
457) - Where have you been, at home preparing for the exam?
458) - I wish I was! No, unfortunately I’ve been in bed
recovering from the flu.
459) - Oh, I’m sorry to hear that, so you haven’t finished your
assignment? - Not yet, I’m going to apply for an extension. I hope I
can get some more time!
460) - Oh hi Jack, let me introduce you to Marie. - Hi Marie, great
to meet you, what do you do?
461) - I’m a medical student, I’m currently
specialising in neurosurgery. - Nice, that must be fascinating, do
you enjoy it?
462) - I’m sure I will… I’m still getting used to
dealing with patients, which can be a bit stressful.
463) You? Sleeping in a tent? You would not withstand it for two
days.
464) The children were very noisy, we were
extremely embarrassed .
465) For the holiday, we have planned hiking in the mountains.
466) Yesterday, we went over to the library.
467) During the holiday, he takes a nap in the afternoon.
468) This summer, we’ll go on holiday to the seaside. We're sure
the kids will love it. We have rented an apartment. We have
planned some biking tours in the surrounding area, but we’ll spend
the rest of the time at the beach . And if it rains, we’ll put away
the towels and the children can still play in the sand .
469) As soon as the rain stops, we will go out.
470) He felt embarrassed when his parents did not answer.
471) We often rent a car to get around when we go on holiday.
472) They enjoy long hikes in the mountains.
473) The child at the next table had a tantrum which disturbed all
the other customers.
474) His illness made him very tired, he must rest now.
475) White sand beaches are much nicer than pebble beaches.
476) She wore black boots with red trousers.
477) The rent for an apartment is much, much cheaper than a
hotel room.
478) The travel agency gave us good advice for our honeymoon.
479) She has delicate skin so doesn't sunbathe much.
480) Drinks are included in the price of the menu.
481) We made a brief stop at my parents' before returning
home.
482) This weekend we took a walk in the woods.
483) Camping is a good way to save money while on holiday.
484) I sit in front of a computer all day long. In the evening, I need
to exercise.
485) I love the charm of small medieval towns.
486) Our flight arrives in London at 10 o'clock in the evening.
487) My decision to go on a tour of the world is taking shape ; I'm
planning my departure for January.
488) They're the strongest team in the league at the moment.
There's no question that they will win this evening's match.
489) He had planned to offer us a drink on the last day of training.
490) We never argue , we agree on almost everything.
491) The film was boring and it seemed never-ending to me.
492) I bought new bathroom towels .
493) This fridge was of very low quality: it didn't last for two years.

494) The heating in our house runs on gas .


495) He had made a big mistake by forgetting about an appointment with his
biggest client.
496) She doesn't know stress , she remains calm under all circumstances.
497) During the storm, our tent got wet.
498) She used to take a nap after lunch.
499) They had a party in the open air of their backyard.
500) She knew no one and she seemed very uncomfortable .
501) It is high time that we left, otherwise we will be late.
502) He began to run when he was thirty-five years old.

503) Cheese should be stored in a cool place.


504) This week, she sorted her clothes and she gave away the
ones she didn't wear anymore
505) Fruit should be left to ripen before picking them
506) They want to raise chickens to have fresh eggs.
507) This farmer mainly grows potatoes.
508) She has adopted ecological behaviour in recent years.
509) Being a vegetarian consists of not eating meat.
510) I take the bike to go to work.
511) He doesn't like to depend on means of public transportation.

surplus =

512) excess

reimburse =

513) repay

bulky =

514) cumbersome

employer =

515) boss

provenance =

516) origin
517) Cleaning products pollute domestic water.
518) The children left on a trip to the zoo.
519) They took out a subscription to a decoration magazine.
520) The purpose of fair trade is to remunerate the producers at a
fair price.
521) She grows all kinds of vegetables in her garden.
522) A thermostat makes it possible to regulate the desired
temperature inside an accommodation.
523) His employer decided to give him a raise.
524) This piece of furniture was too bulky to be transported by
car.
525) He is a vegetarian ; he has not eaten meat in more than ten
years.
526) He sorted the mail gradually as it arrived.
527) Nowadays, it is obligatory to sort one's waste.
528) This store's surplus is offered to charity.
529) Organic products are guaranteed to be without pesticide.
530) There is a sheep farm close to my house.
531) The seasonal fruit and vegetables are always less expensive
and tastier.
532) She takes care of her vegetable garden every day after
work.
533) An ecological product is respectful of the environment.
534) She sometimes has aggressive behaviour .
535) Shopkeepers often make commercial gestures for their good
customers.
536) The birds never let the cherries ripen .
537) It is not advisable to store fruit in the refrigerator.
538) She sometimes adopts very unpleasant attitudes.
539) The profits of this year compensate for the losses of last
year.
540) The origin of a wine usually gives an idea of its main
features.
541) The producers of organic products cannot use
any pesticide .
542) He stopped me in order to ask for information.
543) As the product was defective, the store reimbursed the
customers.
544) Certain anarchists wanted to boycott the elections.

Jack and Anna are in

545) Jack’s flat.

Jack and Anna are talking about

546) food.

Jack, Anna, Nadia, Louise and Marco are


547) friends.

Jack tells Anna that Marco made the pizza himself. This means that:

548) Marco made the pizza without any help from other people.

Jack asks Anna: Would you like to pour yourself a drink, Anna?

Marco and Nadia have taught themselves to cook.

Jack suggests that Anna helps herself to a slice of pizza.

Jack emphasises his love of Hawaiian pizzas when he says: I myself love it!
Examples: 1. Why don’t you teach yourself to cook? • 2. They’ve taught themselves, just
by watching online videos and copying them. • 3. Maybe we should try and teach
ourselves, too? • 4. I know you like them but I myself hate mushrooms! • 5. He only passed
his driving test last week, but he drove here himself. • Grammar rule: Singular
reflexive/emphatic pronouns (used to talk about individual people or things) end in

• “selves”.

• “self”.

Examples: 1. Why don’t you teach yourself to cook? • 2. They’ve taught themselves, just
by watching online videos and copying them. • 3. Maybe we should try and teach
ourselves, too? • 4. I know you like them but I myself hate mushrooms! • 5. He only passed
his driving test last week, but he drove here himself. • Grammar rule: Plural
reflexive/emphatic pronouns (used to talk about more than one person or thing) end in

• “self”.

• “selves”.

Examples: 1. Why don’t you teach yourself to cook? • 2. They’ve taught themselves, just
by watching online videos and copying them. • 3. Maybe we should try and teach
ourselves, too? • 4. I know you like them but I myself hate mushrooms! • 5. He only passed
his driving test last week, but he drove here himself. • Grammar rule: Reflexive pronouns
can take the “object” position in a sentence, coming after the main verb.

Examples: 1. Why don’t you teach yourself to cook? • 2. They’ve taught themselves, just
by watching online videos and copying them. • 3. Maybe we should try and teach
ourselves, too? • 4. I know you like them but I myself hate mushrooms! • 5. He only passed
his driving test last week, but he drove here himself. • Grammar rule: Emphatic pronouns
come at the end of a clause, or directly after the noun/pronoun they refer to.

549) I’m going to order myself a taxi.


550) We exhausted ourselves walking up that big hill.
551) Would you like to help yourself to coffee?
552) Matt made that cake all by himself
553) Maria’s getting a book on computer programming. She’s
going to teach herself to code.
554) That cat smells awful! I thought they usually
cleaned themselves ?!
555) A. Have you heard from Nadia? Is she coming? J. She just
called to say she’s going to be late. She cut herself while cooking
for her mum and needed to go to the doctor.
556) A. Oh no, that’s awful. I hope she hasn’t hurt herself too
badly.
557) J. Yeah, I wondered if I should offer to go with her. I hate
going to the Doctor, by myself . A. I’m sure she’ll be OK. Let’s
order some food!
558) J. Hey, Nadia! How are you? What have you done
to yourself ?
559) N. Oh, I’m OK thanks, I’ll live! I cut myself , but it’s just my
finger. Have you already ordered yourselves something?
560) J. Yeah, we got the XL pepperoni special, but we can’t eat all
that by ourselves , we thought maybe you could help us with it? N.
Sounds good!

Louise is Max's

561) friend.

Louise and Max are


562) making plans.

They don't talk about

563) Louise's studies.


564) Adverbs like “later” or “today” help explain when something
happened.
565) Adverbs like “here” or “nowhere” help explain where
something happened.
566) Adverbs like “really” or “very” help explain the extent to
which something happened.
567) Adverbs like “quickly” or “kindly” help explain the way in
which something happened.
568) Adverbs like “always” or “never” help explain how often
something happened.
569) Adverbs like “unfortunately” or “luckily” summarise whole
sentences/situations.
570) Examples: Do you want to come and play tennis later? • We
could meet here.• He’ll be really pleased to see Nadia too. • If I
collect that quickly from the library. • Yeah, but you’re always
studying.• Unfortunately, I’ve already arranged to meet Marco for
pizza. • Grammar rule: Adverbs of time are often positioned
either before the verb or at the end of the sentence.
571) Examples: Do you want to come and play tennis later? • We
could meet here.• He’ll be really pleased to see Nadia too. • If I
collect that quickly from the library. • Yeah, but you’re always
studying.• Unfortunately, I’ve already arranged to meet Marco for
pizza. • Grammar rule: Adverbs of place are often positioned either
after the object of the sentence or after the verb.
572) Examples: Do you want to come and play tennis later? • We
could meet here.• He’ll be really pleased to see Nadia too. • If I
collect that quickly from the library. • Yeah, but you’re always
studying.• Unfortunately, I’ve already arranged to meet Marco for
pizza. • Grammar rule: Adverbs of degree are often
positioned before the word they modify.
573) Examples: Do you want to come and play tennis later? • We
could meet here.• He’ll be really pleased to see Nadia too. • If I
collect that quickly from the library. • Yeah, but you’re always
studying.• Unfortunately, I’ve already arranged to meet Marco for
pizza. • Grammar rule: Adverbs of manner are often
positioned after the direct object of the sentence. If there is no
object, these adverbs are positioned after the verb.
574) Examples: Do you want to come and play tennis later? • We
could meet here.• He’ll be really pleased to see Nadia too. • If I
collect that quickly from the library. • Yeah, but you’re always
studying.• Unfortunately, I’ve already arranged to meet Marco for
pizza. • Grammar rule: Adverbs of frequency are often
positioned before the verb (but after the verb “to be”).
575) Examples: Do you want to come and play tennis later? • We
could meet here.• He’ll be really pleased to see Nadia too. • If I
collect that quickly from the library. • Yeah, but you’re always
studying.• Unfortunately, I’ve already arranged to meet Marco for
pizza. • Grammar rule: Adverbs of summary are often positioned at
the start of a clause.
576) Do you want to watch a film tonight ?
577) Let's go somewhere nice .
578) I'm really hungry. Let's get something to eat .
579)
Make sure you drive carefully !
580) We never go shopping anymore
581) Luckily, I found your keys in the road
582) Jack: Hi Louise, are we still playing tennis this afternoon ?
Where are you?

Louise: Yes, Jack. But I’ve got to meet Max at the library first.

583) That’s where I am right now.

Jack: When are you supposed to be meeting him? Louise: He should have been here ten
minutes ago. I really hope he’s not much longer.

He isn't usually late . I’m sure he’ll be there soon. Anyway there’s no rush; Nadia’s
already here so we can play together until you get here.

Max: Hi Louise! Sorry,

• have you been waiting here long?

Louise: Er, yeah. For twenty minutes, in the rain. Max: Eh? I thought you were going to
text me when you got here. I was waiting to hear from you before coming out. Louise:
Hmm, no. I definitely don’t remember saying that. Anyway, did you get the book you
needed?

Max: Luckily, Marco kindly lent me his copy, so I’ll read that when I get home. Louise:
So, you didn’t even need to go to the library? Honestly! You could have let me know!

584) We must stop using polluting energy sources and turn


towards energy sources that are both green and renewable .
585) We must use the wind turbines and hydraulic energy
sources, which come naturally from the wind and the rivers.
586) We must equally take advantage of solar energy by installing
photovoltaic panels .
587) We could thus enjoy a cleaner world.
588) He favours the shopkeepers from the village for his shopping
589) The heating in our house runs on gas.
590) We stopped at a gas station to buy something to eat.
591) Because of the storm, we didn't have any electricity for two
hours.
592) He had to be injected with a sedative, because he was too
agitated.
593) Renewable energies represent a major challenge for our
governments.
594) One sees more and more wind turbines throughout the
countryside.
595) The grounds of this region are very fertile.
596) He has just bought a new mobile phone combined with a
new contract.
597) Cars are less polluting than before.
598) Energy suppliers are trying to propose attractive prices to
customers.
599) The price of fuel has increased again.
600) His salary is not enough for him; he wants to earn even
more money.
601) Wind energy is one form of clean energy .
602) The photovoltaic panels convert energy from sunlight into
electricity.
603) The storm washed away part of the rooftop of the house.
604) The heat pump is a very ecological heating system.
605) The making of this product took several years.
606) They always had a domestic animal.
607) They always had a domestic animal.
608) She went to draw water from the river every day.
609) We enjoy a beautiful landscape.
610) They have made investments in real estate.
611) Oil remains one of the most coveted raw materials.
612) Bio-fuel is a fuel which does not come from oil.
613) He received a phone bill of more than two hundred euros.
614) The road network in our country is extremely dense.
615) Nowadays one can insulate one's home at a reasonable
cost.
616) Hydraulics were already used in the past by the many water
mills in the region.
617) We only bought economical electric appliances .
618) This source provides water to the entire village.
619) Nadia says the flat was recently painted (in the past). She
can still smell the paint now, in the present.
620) Nadia does not say who painted the flat.

Some of the furniture

• was delivered that morning.

Nadia says the owner delivered some of the furniture.

Nadia does not say who will deliver the bed.

Nadia does not say who collects the bins.

Make positive statements with:

• subject + be + verb + rest of sentence

Make negative statements with:

• subject + be + not + verb + rest of sentence

Make questions with:

• (question word) + be + subject + verb + rest of sentence


We change tense by

• using different forms of "be" + "has" / "have" / "being".

We use the past participle form of the main verb.

We can use "by" + person to say who the agent (person doing the action) is.

621) The house was painted last week .


622) The flat is being cleaned at the moment .
623) The shower was fixed by Sara .
624) The bathroom has not been cleaned since your mum visited .
625) Will the painting be finished tonight ?
626) Oh no! My car has been stolen !
627) N. Hi Mum! Welcome to my new place. What do you think? L.
Oh, I don't know. Has it been cleaned (it/cleaned - present
perfect)? It smells strange.
628) N. Yes! I've just finished cleaning! I think you can smell the
paint. L. Paint? What, are you an artist now? N. No! It's just been
decorated (it/just/decorate - present perfect)!
629) L. Really? N. All the walls were painted
yesterday (painted/yesterday - past simple).
630) L. By who? You? You've never been good at painting. N. No,
all the decorating was done (do - past simple) by a professional.
631) L. Oh, OK. N. Anyway, the location is really good. My office is
only a 10-minute-walk away. L. That's good. Anyway, where can I
sit down? I'm exhausted after that walk. N. You walked here? You
must be really tired, Mum! Why did you do that? L. The car is being
repaired (repaired - present continuous) at the moment.
632) N. Oh no, what's the problem? L. I'm not sure. N. I hope it is
fixed (it/fixed - present simple) soon. You can't walk everywhere,
Mum.
633) L. I know! But, it's good exercise for me. I just wish you lived
closer to home. N. Don't worry, Mum, I'll come and visit you often.
L. Thanks, dear, but that won't be necessary. L. The garage is
going to arrange a temporary car for me. When I get that, I'll be able
to visit you every day! N. Is that going to be soon? L. Yes,
actually it will be delivered (it/deliver - future simple) tomorrow
morning. N. Oh wow. That's..... good.
Who is speaking?

• Jack and Louise

What are they talking about? A recent holiday in Spain .

What do they speak about positively?

• a museum

634) The word "amazing" describes Malaga .


635) The phrase "interested in art" describes Anna's feelings .
636) The word "tired" describes Jack and Anna's feelings .
637) The word "excited" describes Jack's feelings .
638) The words "disappointing" and "annoying" describe the
experience of receiving food that Jack does not like .
639) The word "bored" describes Jack's emotions .
640) The word "confusing" describes the menu .
641) The word "frightened" describes Jack's emotions .
642) Jack: Sorry Louise, I forgot to ask you about your holiday!
How was it? Louise: It was amazing (amaze), thanks. I just sat on
the beach for a week. It was perfect!
643) Jack: Yeah, you still look really relaxed (relax).
644) Louise: Thanks. Yeah, I needed it. I
was exhausted (exhaust) before I went.
645) Jack: Why? Are you busy at work? Louise: Yeah, it's
so tiring (tire). That was my first holiday in six months!
646) Jack: Wow! That's not good. You shouldn’t work so much!
Louise: I know. So I’m going to Riga for another holiday next month!
I’m really excited (excite) about it.
647) Jack: Really? I'm surprised (surprise). I thought you
preferred beach holidays.
648) Louise: Sometimes, but I like culture and history too! I hear
Riga’s old town is really interesting (interest).
649) Jack: It is! I went there last year. You won’t
be disappointed (disappoint)! Louise: I hope not! Jack: Just don’t
forget to get me a nice gift! Louise: Haha, we'll see.
650) We want to classify this forest as a protected area .
651) We agree with you in more ways than one .
652)
The nature that surrounds us must be preserved .
653) They bought a building lot for the construction of their home .
654) This house has been abandoned for years .
655) We have started an adoption procedure .
656) The postmen threaten to start a strike.
657) The negotiations succeeded with an agreement.
658) She took the challenge that was given to her: running a
marathon.
659) Biodiversity is all of the species of animals and plants found
in one area.
660) By entering this contest, they have taken on a
beautiful challenge
661) We must encourage people to work until the age of 65.
662) Trees surround the property.
663) A general strike is threatening the smooth running of the
event.
664) His complaint succeeded in the condemnation of the
manufacturer.
665) We cannot force employees to work overtime.
666) Some birds hide in bushes to shelter themselves from other
predators.
667) We want to expand our activities beyond our borders.
668) This building will be destroyed next week.
669) We asked a real estate agency to find us an apartment.
670) The demographic pressure is extremely high in large cities.
671) They want to concentrate production to one site.
672) We need to enjoy our holidays in order to rest.
673) The festival will take place in a very beautiful setting .
674) The panda is a protected species.
675) This warehouse was abandoned ; we bought and renovated
it.
676) He won't endlessly accept to do the work in your place.
677) She bought a building lot in order to build her house.
678) The government has launched a public awareness
campaign against the dangers of drinking and driving.
679) Our neighbours' plantations are encroaching on our land.
They authorised the use of a dictionary during the exam.
680) The procedure to make the trade agreement official was
launched at the beginning of the year.
681) The introduction of exotic species into our areas severely
affects the biodiversity .
682) The urban rules of the city will change in the coming years.
683) Many bird species are present in our area.
684) This cream protects your skin from the harmful effects of the
sun.
685) My colleague is exceptional in more than one way .
686) This building was classified as architectural heritage.
687) Oil has enriched the Gulf countries.
688) This conversation takes place during the first stage of an
environmental project.
689) According to the ecological consultant the project is possible
but just needs some time .
690) This ecological project is primarily about developing a green
space in the neighbourhood .

The resident meets the consultant to find out what grants exist for ecological projects.

• False

The consultant tells the resident that the land cannot be used for a collective kitchen garden.

• False

Environmental diagnostics show that there is no risk of contamination on the land.

• True

The Land Disposition Agreement allows the land to be occupied for a maximum period of
one year.

• False

The consultant tells the resident that the regional government could offer some financial
assistance.

• True
691) The city's support will make many things possible .
692) The city is with the collective gardeners. It
really supports their project.
693) The city wants to raise awareness of organic gardening.

694) A diagnostic was conducted to determine whether or not the soil was
polluted.
695) You could even receive a grant from the regional government for this
project.
696) The city owns the land, and will make it available for this project at no
cost.
697) We can promote the project through social media and the local newspaper.
698) Your group can continue to occupy the land indefinitely, as the Land
Disposition Agreement is renewable.

As an ecological consultant, your work primarily focuses on

• sustainable development.

You are involved with issues concerning

• the air, water, energy, habitat or waste.

Your role is to raise the awareness of residents and the general public of

• environmental problems.

You promote innovative environmental solutions such as

• the development of renewable energy.

699) I need to request more time to finish this report.


700) The date's problematic because I have a prior engagement.
701) Farmers receive a subsidy for growing certain crops.
702) The new car factory will generate a lot of jobs in the area.
703) This battery is used as a source of power for the alarm
clock.
704) Environmental and personal health are the two main benefits
of organic gardening .
705) We need to raise awareness about global warming.
706) The United Nations supports efforts to aid refugees.
707) An MRI and CAT-scan are examples of techniques used
in diagnostics
708) The European Green Capital award recognises cities for
their sustainable development plans.
709) We occupied the same house for 20 years.
710) The residents of the village all gathered together for the
annual festival.
711) We decided to plant sage, rosemary and tomatoes in
the collective kitchen garden for everyone's benefit.
712) This beach has been ruined by pollution .
713) The gardens are carefully managed in order to
encourage biodiversity
714) Flickr allows amateur photographers to publish and share
photographs at no cost .
715) Your subscription is renewable at a special rate.
716) Researchers examined the phreatic line in order to properly
design an adequate drainage system.
717) Henry only has a provisional licence, as he hasn't passed his
driving test yet.
718) Upstream Point LLC entered into a Land Disposition
Agreement with the City of Richmond, California to purchase
shoreline property.
719) Brazil recently destroyed parts of the rainforest to create a
new football stadium; this had a negative environmental impact as
it destroyed thousands of oxygen-providing trees.
720) Fynbos is a type of vegetation that is found only in the
southern part of Africa.
721) The orange juice factory created a lot of waste .
722) Parents want great schools for their children,
safe neighbourhoods for their families and good jobs for
themselves.
723) Jason's house is a dump . I don't know how he can live
there!
724) The vehicle manufacturer conducted a survey of car owners.
725) Part of the city was built on a landfill site. This caused a lot
of problems and made this city stink.

726) When my grandfather moved to California, he bought a plot of land so he


could build a house.
727) This round will determine which contestants go through to the final.
728) The chemistry teacher uses this hydrocarbon as a minor component in his
laboratory experiments.
729) There are a number of initiatives designed to address the problem of child
poverty.
730) This solvent should no longer be used in household cleaning products.
731) The contract may be renewed for a fixed duration of five years.
732) She has a community garden project near her home where she can find
fresh herbs for her cooking.

Anna and Jack are

• chatting about work.

Jack is not happy with everything at work.

This is because

• of a colleague.

733) That’s good, so you’re not reconsidering your decision?


734) All that interview preparation takes so long.
735) Well, he asked me to rewrite a report he'd been working on.

His handwriting’s awful, almost totally

• illegible.

Well, she disagreed. She didn’t think it was OK.

He'd totally misunderstood what he was supposed to do.

He's been so

• unfriendly.

No Jack, that's

• irrelevant.
An informal chat and apology might work.

736) We often use "il" before words starting with “l” (for example,
“legal”, ”legible”).
737) : We often use "ir" before words starting “r” (for example,
“relevant”, ”responsible”).
738) : We often use "im" before words starting “m” and “p” (for
example, “polite”, ”migrant”).
739) We often use "in" before words starting “c” and “s” (for
example, “sensitive”, ”complete”).
740) There are many exceptions to these rules, for example:
“unpack”, “unmarked”, “unlawful”, “unreal”.
741) That's totally illegal (legal). You should report it to the police!
742) You can’t trust him with all that money, he’s
so irresponsible (responsible), he’ll spend it all on clothes and
holidays.
743) Grow up! You’re so immature (mature) sometimes.
744) I can't do it, it's impossible! (possible)!
745) I can’t read that, it’s totally illegible! (legible)!
746) I couldn’t vote for him, he’s an awful man,
totally immoral. (moral).
747) L. Sorry Mike, can you re turn (again) Ms Thorn’s call? She’s
very un happy (not) about one of our adverts.
748) M. Sure, what’s the problem? L. She says it contains
some in correct (not) details that are quite mis leading (wrong).
She thinks it’s very dis honest (not) and wants to complain. M. OK,
which advert is it?
749) L. She’s complaining about the new advert, you know the one
with the big fluffy bear that promises a 50% interest rate for new
customers. M. What? The legal team said that would need to be
totally re written (again) before being published. They said the
original was completely il legal (not).
750) L. Yes, but I think she saw the advert when on holiday in
Dubai, does that make any difference? M. Dubai? Oh in that case,
get someone from the inter national (between) team to give her a
call back.

Jack and Louise are talking about


• restaurants in Estonia.
• the best places to buy potatoes.

• travelling and food.

They discuss

• previous travel experiences.

• future travel plans.

Louise talks about food

• she is going to eat tonight.


• she is eating now.

she ate on holiday. Louise is in Riga now.

• True

• False

Louise was previously in Riga.

• True

• False

Louise returned from Riga recently.

• True

• False

Jack arrived in the flat in the past.

• True

• False
Jack is still in the flat now.

• False

• True

Louise went to Estonia a long time ago.

• False

• True

We make positive statements with:

• subject + have/has + verb.

• subject + have/has + not + verb.


• (WH- question word) + have/has + subject + verb

We make negative statements with:

• subject + have/has + verb.


• (WH- question word) + have/has + subject + verb.

• subject + have/has + not + verb.

We make questions with:

• subject + have/has + not + verb.


• subject + have/has + verb.

• (WH- question word) +/or "Have" or "Has".

We always use the past participle form of the verb.

We often use contractions (I've, haven't, etc.) when using the present perfect.
We usually position "ever" or "never" before the past participle verb.

We usually position "yet", "for + period" or "since + past time" at the end of the sentence.

751)
Have you ever been to Italy ?
752)
Where have you been today ?
753)
Have you emailed Sangeetha yet ?
754)
She has not telephoned me .
755) They haven't been to Berlin yet .
756) I have lived with Anna for 2 years .
757) I have known Louise since 2011 .
758) I have never liked horror films .
759) N. Hey Louise! I've not seen you this week. Have you been
sick?
760) L. No, I've just got back from a short holiday in Latvia.

N. Oh wow! L.

• Have you ever been?

• Did you go there?

N. No, I haven't. In fact I've never been to Eastern Europe.

L. You really should, it's so cool. N. Really? What did you do? L. Loads! I
went sightseeing in Riga for the first few days.

N. Yeah L. And then I went to the beach yesterday, before flying back last night.

N. You flew back last night? Ah, that's why you look tired.

L. Yeah, and because I've been here since 7.30 this morning!
N. Oh no! That's really early. L. I know! But I need to prepare for a big
presentation tomorrow and I haven't done anything yet. N. Ah, OK. I'll
let you work on that then. Good luck! L. Thanks Nadia, see you later!

761) Bananas are the staple food crop in Tanzania.


762) An IMF critic set up a project to rethink the
development policy of the industrialised world.
763) Many farmers in the 3rd World grow only subsistence
crops to meet the needs of their families.
764) Solar power, windmills and tidal streams all provide
alternative energy.
765) Fossil fuels are also extracted from the vast North Sea oil
fields.
766) Max Havelaar is a good example of a fair trade initiative.
767) The risk of conflict over access to drinking water is rising.
768) How to store highly radioactive nuclear power is a major
issue in France.

There were stolen cars in the neighbourhood.

• false

• true

All offences took place the same night

• false

• true

The police received several testimonies.

• true

• false

Local residents informed the police about what happened.

• false
• true

A video surveillance system was installed.

• false

• true

The culprits have been caught red-handed

• true

• false

Subsequently, other delinquents were arrested in the neighborhood thanks to the camera.

• false

• true
769) Many cities choose video surveillance in order to fight
against delinquency.
770) There was a fight which required the intervention of the
police.
771) She has ignored her physique for a long time, but now she
has taken up sport again.
772) The inefficiency of this drug is clear from our study.
773) The police force proceeded to make four arrests in
connection with this case.
774) The change in working hours gave rise to
general dissatisfaction .
775) Her testimony is valuable for the defence.
776) The region is carrying out a pilot project aimed at testing the
effectiveness of paying for entry into the town centre for cars.
777) The monitoring of the team's work is ensured by our leader.
778) We have requested a loan from our bank.
779) The fall of the unemployment rate is an indicator of the
economic recovery.
780) Temperature measurement is carried out by means of a
thermometre.
781) There was a decrease in delinquency in the neighbourhoods
of the city centre.
782) This car is lacking electric windows.
783) She asked a question aimed at unsettling the speaker.
784) She managed to convince her colleagues to follow her.
785) We will discuss this item in a subsequent meeting.
786) We will keep four candidates at the end of the first round.
787) The accused was caught red-handed with the stolen watch
in his pocket.
788) All criminality must be sanctioned by justice.
789) The police forces were present to avoid any misbehaviour.
790) The wind turbines provide electricity to 10% of the
population.
791) He was offended that he wasn't invited.
792) With regard to your next assignment, you will need to
undertake some research.
793) He is not being objective when he says that his brother is the
best.
794) The harmful effects of the sun on the skin are undeniable .
795) The evaluation of essays is always complicated work for the
professor.
796) They want to restrict access to the Parliament building.
797) His speech had a great power of deterrence .
798) The surveillance of students is ensured by a team of eight
teachers
799) Criminal behaviour was so common to the extent that
nobody bothered to call the police about the robbery.
800) He was born in 1982.
801) We raised our three children in simplicity.
802) The water running from the tap was all yellow.
803) She was so happy that she cried tears of joy.
804) He couldn't finish his speech, he was so moved .
805) He went to the doctor because he had a stomach ache.
806) The newlyweds went on their honeymoon to Brazil.
807) A child of male sex was abandoned by his parents at a local
hospital.
808) This is a teenager who feels very good about himself .
809) Her fiancé is very charming .
810) Our grandmother is 102 years old, but she is
still in good health .
811) My parents' marriage was celebrated in this church.
812) She got pregnant when she was eighteen years old.
813) She looked radiant on her wedding day.
814) She was pale when she told us the news.
815) I must leave immediately: I am in a hurry .
816) I did a lot of sports when I was a teenager .

817) This is a beautiful little girl with pretty red cheeks .


818) She took a mysterious trip that she spoke to no one about.
819) The graduation ceremony takes place on Friday.
820) I fell in love with him when I was twenty-five years old.
821) He spoilt our party because he got angry.
822) We have approved the proposed salary increase.
823) She felt full of sadness because she was unable to say goodbye to him.
824) He was so cold that he was shivering .
825) The director arrived and, while he was there, the three assistant directors
came to join him.
826) The twin sister of my colleague is working for the competition.
827) My colleague and his spouse are coming to dine this evening.
828) She is very jovial , it's always nice to meet up with her.
829) She had a difficult pregnancy .
830) I heard a newborn baby crying.
831) Louise and Jack are talking in a cafe.

Jack is Louise's

832) friend

Jack and Louise discuss

833) films and studies.

Jack and Louise mainly talk about

834) the past.


835) the present.
836) the future.

837) Use the present continuous (we're watching "Stephan's


Faces" this evening) to talk about future arrangements that are
already organised and agreed.
838) Use "going to" (I'm going to read about doing an Erasmus
mobility year) to talk about future intentions or plans that were
decided in the past.
839) Use the future simple (I'll just have a water please) to talk
about spontaneous decisions (made when speaking).
840) Use the present simple (I always go to bed early on Monday
nights) to talk about routines and things that regularly happen at a
certain time.
841) Use the present simple ( the first film always begins at
7.00) to talk about scheduled events (for example, cinema or train
times).

Use the structure: Subject + verb (present simple) + time, as in "The train leaves at 10:45
tomorrow." to talk about:

future arrangements.
future plans.

scheduled events.

Use the structure: Subject + will + verb (infinitive), as in "Yes, Sara, I will call you
tonight." to talk about:

plans made in the past.

plans made at the time of speaking.

future arrangements.

Use the structure: Subject + be + going to + verb (infinitive), as in "Luke is not going to the
USA this summer." to talk about:

future arrangements.
scheduled events.

plans made in the past.


Use the structure: Subject + be + verb (-ing) + time, as in " I'm swimming at 6:00 with
Sandra at the club." to talk about:

future arrangements.

scheduled events.
plans made at the time of speaking.

842) What are you doing tonight ?


843)
I'm going to stay in and watch television .
844)
Are you going to watch Baywitch ?
845) Yes, I am .
846) What time is it on ?
847)
Baywitch is on everyday at 9.00 .
848)
Is Nadia going on holiday to Portugal ?,Is Nadia going to Portugal
on holiday ?
849) L. Hi Jack, how's it going? J. Yeah, good, thanks Lou. Is now
a good time to talk? L. I'm meeting a friend in 10 minutes, we're
going to walk to college together.
850) J. Oh yeah? What time do you start today?
851) L. My first lecture is at 10.00, but that's not for another half
an hour. What's up?
852) J. I was just wondering how your Erasmus research is going?
L. Good thanks, I'm making progress. J. Tell me about it. L. So, I
think I'll go to Madrid, or somewhere in Spain for 9 months.
853) J. That'll be amazing. Will you have to be fluent in Spanish
before you go?
854) L. No, I won't. I guess I'll learn a bit before I go, but I've not
really thought about it.
855) J. Are they going to give you Spanish lessons when you get
there?

L. Oh yes, I think I can get them if I need them, that's one of the reasons for going. J. Cool,
so

856) when are you leaving?


L. I won't know that for a long time. I haven't even finished my application yet!

857) J. So, when are you going to do that?


858) L. I'm finishing that tonight. My laptop's broken, but Anna
said I could borrow hers. J. Well good luck with that. Have a good
day and we'll speak soon, yeah? L. Cool, thanks for calling, Jack.
Bye!

859) There was a lot of suspense in this film.

860) The opposing team was much stronger than us.

861) My brother is a complainer . He is never happy.

862) If you take intensive English courses in England, you will


quickly see an improvement of your level.

863) She participated in the World Athletics Championships .

864) He fell and immediately felt an intense pain in the thigh.

865) He likes to joke with his colleagues.

866) I won the match thanks to a foul committed by the opponent.

867) There has been no goal in the first half .

868) No one wants to compete against him because he is such


a bad loser .

869) After the war, my grandfather was awarded a medal for his
courage.

870) He injured himself while gardening.

871) The young athlete won his first victory of the season.
872) Her sport of choice is running , though she also enjoys
swimming and cross-fit.

873) The transfer of this player to Madrid costs millions of euros.

874) The goalkeeper blocked two shots of the opponent.

875) In order to enter the police force, you must be in


good physical condition .

876) Do not exert yourself unnecessarily when the weather is so


hot.

877) The teams are tied in the rankings.

878) They played on the main court at Roland Garros.

879) They have set the bar very high , they will never find a
candidate with such a profile.

880) She wore a beautiful watch on her wrist .

881) A ranking of the ten most influential personalities was


published yesterday.

882) A Belgian won the car race this weekend.

883) The referee called many fouls.

884) His weak point is his lack of knowledge of the English


language.

885) An athlete has tested positive following a drug-test.

886) Because he had trained more and worked harder, he


was resentful that his friend won the competition instead.

887) My children's teacher is very ill; they've had


a substitute since yesterday.
Ipswich United were successful on many occasions over a period of time.

• (F)

• (T)

Ipswich United were successful on just one occasion in the past.

• (F)

• (T)

Anna offered to watch a game with Bill in the future.

• (T)

• (F)

When asking Bill about his past habits, Anna uses "would" in her questions.

• (F)

• (T)

Bill uses "would" when describing his emotions in the past.

• (T)

• (F)

(a) They would regularly finish at the top of the league. (b) I’d go down there with my dad
every week, I used to love it. · Grammar rule: when describing past habits, we can use the
form:

• subject + would + past simple verb.

• subject + would + bare infinitive verb.

• would + subject + past simple verb.


(a) They would regularly finish at the top of the league. (b) I’d go down there with my dad
every week, I used to love it. · Grammar rule: it is possible to contract the subject pronoun
and

• past simple verb.


• bare infinitive verb.

• “would”.

888) (a) They would regularly finish at the top of the league. (b) I’d
go down there with my dad every week, I used to love it. · Grammar
rule: it is possible to use an adverb before the verb.

889) We'd play (we/play) tennis at the park every day after school.

890) I would get (I/get) up early to watch cartoons before my


parents woke up.
891) Jack would go (Jack/go) to the cinema almost every week
when he was a student.
892) She’d always watch (she/watch/always) basketball,
whenever it was on the television.
893) When she was a student, Anna would do (Anna/do) yoga
every morning.
894) Grandpa, did you play (you/play/?) computer games when
you were young?
895) No, there weren’t any computers then, so we’d
read (we/read) more and do things out of the house.
896) Really? Like what, Grandpa? Oh you know, meeting friends
and going out on our bikes. I used to love (I/love) long bike rides.
Really, Grandpa? That sounds boring.
897) Judy: Hey, do you want to meet for lunch before the film?
Mike: OK, how about Gino’s café? That’s really close to the cinema.
Have you been there before? Judy: Yeah, I went there (go/there)
once last year, I think. I can’t remember it well, though. Do you
know it?
898) Mike: Yeah, when I was at college, I’d usually
go (I/go/usually) there after lectures. It was always (it/be/always)
really good. Judy: Cool, let’s do it.

Welcome will construct a building to house the poor.

• true

• false

The users of the house will have workshops in their rooms.

• false

• true

You must have an independent professional activity before entering the house.

• true

• false

One of the objectives of Welcome is to help reintegration through labour.

• false

• true

Welcome currently employs only volunteers.

• true

• false

home - dormitory - wing - leisure time

• home

• leisure time
• wing
• dormitory

wage - framing - reward - recognition

• wage

• framing

• recognition
• reward

assistance - hobby - leisure time - free time

• free time
• hobby
• leisure time

• assistance

positioning - rehabilitation - framing - contribution

• rehabilitation
• positioning

• contribution

• framing

destitute - charitable - excluded


• excluded
• destitute

• charitable

899) You don't know what to do in your spare time ?


900) Come and help us save the poor .
901) We promise to reward your contribution with our sincere
gratitude .
902) Working as a volunteer in our association is a true human
adventure .
903) The West wing of the hospital is reserved for Paediatrics.
904) This company remunerates its employees very well.

905) We want to reward the students who have made the greatest progress.
906) Fifty volunteers work for this association.
907) Photography is one of my main hobbies .
908) He does voluntary work for a nature preservation association.
909) We filed a complaint form to ask for a refund.
910) She has a fulfilling job.
911) He has been excluded from the group because he made racist remarks.
912) Reading is his favourite pastime .
913) Care of the elderly in this institution is provided by a team of qualified
nurses, doctors and other healthcare workers.
914) He manages a home for asylum-seekers.
915) You do not fit the profile we are looking for.
916) We gave a helping hand to our neighbours who moved away.
917) He has an obvious talent for cooking.

918) He lost his job and found himself poor .

919) We saw an accident and we went to rescue the occupants of the two cars.
920) As students, we stayed in youth hostels when we travelled, because the cost
of a bed in a dormitory is very affordable.
921) We welcomed all the guests then we had a drink in the garden.
922) Your contribution to the completion of our project was invaluable.
923) Many employees complain about the lack of recognition of their work.
924) He dedicated four hours a week to photography.
925) The walls of the house are covered with frescoes .
926) It is difficult to reintegrate into society after spending several years in
prison.
927) The European Union wants to have better control over the charitable sector.
928) He does manual labour, that's why he does not need to exercise to be in
shape.
929) What is your availability for a job interview?

Put the sentences in chronological order.


1.

• The Chief Executive suggests having a workshop about the use of ICT with
presentations.
• The Legal Department would like to invite a speaker.
• The Chief Executive assigns tasks to his two colleagues.

• The Chief Executive wants to organise a training day.

• The HR Dpt thinks they should organise a seminar on some computer programs.
• They discuss the programme from a practical point of view.
• They brainstorm what they could do on such a training day.

Put the sentences in chronological order.


2.

• They discuss the programme from a practical point of view.


• The Chief Executive assigns tasks to his two colleagues.

• They brainstorm what they could do on such a training day.

• The Legal Department would like to invite a speaker.


• The Chief Executive suggests having a workshop about the use of ICT with
presentations.
• The HR Dpt thinks they should organise a seminar on some computer programs.
• The Chief Executive wants to organize a training day.

Put the sentences in chronological order.


3.

• The Legal Department would like to invite a speaker.

• They discuss the programme from a practical point of view.


• The Chief Executive assigns tasks to his two colleagues.
• The Chief Executive wants to organize a training day.
• The Chief Executive suggests having a workshop about the use of ICT with
presentations.
• They brainstorm what they could do on such a training day.
• The HR Dpt thinks they should organise a seminar on some computer programs.

Put the sentences in chronological order.


4.

• The Chief Executive wants to organize a training day.


• The Chief Executive suggests having a workshop about the
use of ICT with presentations.
• They brainstorm what they could do on such a training day.
• They discuss the programme from a practical point of view.
• The Chief Executive assigns tasks to his two colleagues.

• The HR Dpt thinks they should organise a seminar on some


computer programs.
Put the sentences in chronological order.
5.

• The HR Dpt thinks they should organise a seminar on some


computer programs.

• The Chief Executive suggests having a workshop about the


use of ICT with presentations.

• The Chief Executive assigns tasks to his two colleagues.


• The Chief Executive wants to organize a training day.
Put the sentences in chronological order.
6.

• They discuss the programme from a practical point of view.

• The Legal Department would like to invite a speaker.


• The Chief Executive wants to organize a training day.
• The Chief Executive assigns tasks to his two colleagues.
Put the sentences in chronological order.
7.

• The Legal Department would like to invite a speaker.

• The Chief Executive assigns tasks to his two colleagues.

• The Chief Executive wants to organize a training day.


930) Let's say that he or she talks for about an hour and a half.
931) It's essential that we all express our objectives.
932) They want to know about the latest developments related
to to the internet.
933) I entirely agree : there's something for everyone.
934) Let's all get together again next Wednesday to run through
the final program.
935) At the end of the day , the practical part is the most
important.

936) Our priority in the legal department is to invite a speaker who can advise us
about the latest developments in legal affairs related to the Internet.
937) Let's say that he or she talks for about an hour and a half.
938) However there's a small problem.
939) You're absolutely right . We can put people in groups according to which
computer programs they need for their jobs.
940) Perhaps a lawyer or an academic from the legal field with expertise in IT
Law ?
941) I suggest that we start around 9.30 with a short introduction about the
purpose of the training day.
942) I entirely agree. There is something for everyone. Now we'll have to look at
how to arrange this program from a practical point of view .
943) Let's all get together again next Wednesday to run through the final
program.
944) I agree, but it's easy to solve .
945) Our priority in the legal department is to invite a speaker who can advise us
about the latest developments in legal affairs related to the Internet.
946) Personally, I think that it would be a good idea to organise a workshop that
tells us a bit more about the use of ICT with presentations.
947) That's perfect , because we can simply ask the IT Department to take care
of that seminar.
948) I think that it would be a good idea if we first brainstormed about what we
could do on such a training day .
949) Dorothy, could you liaise with the IT Department and make sure that
a list is drawn up of computer programs that cause the most difficulties ?
950) The secretaries and assistants experience difficulties working out how to
use these programs to their full potential.
951) Personally, I think that it would be a good idea to have a workshop that
tells us a bit more about the use of ICT with presentations.
952) We'll have to liaise with the IT department about which programs cause the
most problems.
953) I think that these three topics will make for a well-balanced and very
informative training day.
954) I suggest that we start around 9.30 with a short introduction about the
purpose of the training day.
955) Right, can we wrap things up now ? Joan, could you find a speaker to
give a presentation on IT Law ?

956) Paula really needed to be getting off , she was already late,
and the training session had gone on for too long already. She
knew her Dad would be waiting outside in the car, thinking up new
and imaginative punishments to dish out to her.
957) Paula held up the trainers and looked at them lovingly. They
looked even better now than did in the shop.
958) Paula had saved hard for 3 months before having enough
money to splash out on new trainers.
959) For 3 long months Paula had cut back on nearly everything:
trips to the cinema, shopping, and going into town, but it had been
worth it.
960) Paula had been working hard to build up her fitness since
the national championships.
961) She looked back on her disappointment and knew that she
wouldn't let herself feel like that again.
962) It was time to knock out the competition and bring in a gold
medal.
963) Jack: Hi Louise, are we still playing tennis this afternoon ?
Where are you?

Louise: Yes, Jack. But I’ve got to meet Max at the library first.
• That's where I right now am.
• That's right now when I am.

• That’s where I am right now.

Jack: When are you supposed to be meeting him? Louise: He should have been here ten
minutes ago. I really hope he’s not much longer.

He isn't usually late . I’m sure he’ll be there soon. Anyway there’s
no rush; Nadia’s already here so we can play together until you get
here.

Nadia arranged for a doctor to examine her hand.

• (F)

• (T)

Nadia is going to pay someone at the carwash to clean her car.

• (T)

• (F)

Nadia is going to clean her car.

• (F)

• (T)

Jack is going to cut his own hair.

• (F)

• (T)

Jack has arranged for a hairdresser to cut his hair.


• (T)

• (F)

A hairdresser recently cut Jack’s hair.

• (F)

• (T)

964) Example sentences: I’m going to get my car washed and


cleaned at the car wash. • I’m getting my hair cut at 4:00. • I haven’t
had it cut for ages. • Do you get it done at Super Cuts? • Have you
had it checked by the doctor? • Grammar rule: We make positive
statements with: [subject + auxiliary verb] + [get/have] +
[something] + [past participle verb].
965) Example sentences: I’m going to get my car washed and
cleaned at the car wash. • I’m getting my hair cut at 4:00. • I haven’t
had it cut for ages. • Do you get it done at Super Cuts? • Have you
had it checked by the doctor? • Grammar rule: We make negative
statements with: [subject + auxiliary verb] + [not] + [get/have] +
[something] + [past participle verb].
966) Example sentences: I’m going to get my car washed and
cleaned at the car wash. • I’m getting my hair cut at 4:00. • I haven’t
had it cut for ages. • Do you get it done at Super Cuts? • Have you
had it checked by the doctor? • Grammar rule: We
make questions with: [auxiliary verb + subject] + [get/have] +
[something] + [past participle verb].
967) Example sentences: I’m going to get my car washed and
cleaned at the car wash. • I’m getting my hair cut at 4:00. • I haven’t
had it cut for ages. • Do you get it done at Super Cuts? • Have you
had it checked by the doctor? • Grammar rule: We can only use
the past participle form of the verb.
968) Example sentences: I’m going to get my car washed and
cleaned at the car wash. • I’m getting my hair cut at 4:00. • I haven’t
had it cut for ages. • Do you get it done at Super Cuts? • Have you
had it checked by the doctor? • Grammar rule: We can change the
tense of “get” or “have”, to talk about the past, present or future.
969) I usually have my eyes tested (eyes/test) every two years.
970) If you can’t hear properly, you should have your ears
checked (ears/check) by a doctor.
971) Your hair is so long! When did you last have it cut (cut it)?
972) Try to rest after the operation. Can you get your meals
brought (bring/your meals) to your bed?
973) What happened to your face? Next time think about getting
your make up done (do/your make up) by a professional.
974) J. Hi Nadia, what are you up to? N. I’m just going to get my
nails done (do/my nails). I’ve got an interview tomorrow, so I want
to look my best.
975) J. Are you getting your hair done (do/your hair) too?
976) N. I’ve just had it done (do/it) actually. You're so rude
sometimes! J. Oh yes, of course, it looks really nice.
977) N. Where have you been, Jack? J. Just up at the hospital. My
back’s been hurting a lot recently, so I wanted to get it checked
over (check over/it).
978) N. Oh dear, and what did they say? J. I have to do some
special exercises to strengthen it, and avoid heavy lifting. N. Yeah?
So what are you going to do about the shopping? J. It’s already
sorted! I ordered it online, which means that we get it
delivered (deliver/it) for free.
979) Last year our profits fell by 15% .
980) Peter is to draw up a list of possible redundancies .
981) We shall keep our costs to a minimum .
982) OK, let's try and keep calm .
983) I firmly believe that we should keep our costs down to a
minimum .
984) We can meet again to discuss who exactly those people will
be .
985) I am of the opinion that it would be easiest to make 3
manual workers redundant.
986) That's all very well in theory , but we are a company and
not a charity.
987) The redundancies will have to be distributed equally
between manual workers and executive personnel.
988) Last year our profits fell by 15% and the prospects for this
year are no better.
989) Given that we are a small company I think that 3 people
should suffice.
990) I don't agree with the fact that only manual workers have
to bear the consequences of a fall in profit.
991) I don't agree with the fact that only manual workers have to
bear the consequences of a fall in profit.
992) You undoubtedly know why I've called you all together this
morning.
993) Before we run through the list I would like to know how many
people will have to go to make the company profitable again.
994) Given that we are a small company I think that 3 people
should suffice .
995) I am of the opinion that it would be easiest to make 3 manual
workers redundant .
996) That's all well and good , but redundancy pay-outs to
executives would cost the firm a lot more money.
997) I firmly believe that we should keep our costs to
a minimum .
998) The issue is sufficiently sensitive as it is.
999) Before we run through the list I would like to know how
many people will have to go to make the company profitable again.
1000) We expect a second decrease of 15%.
1001) We expect a second decrease of 15%.
1002) I fully understand you , Jane, and you're entirely correct.
1003) Ok, let's try and keep calm. The issue is sufficiently
sensitive as it is.
1004) He has called a meeting with the Human Resources
Manager, Peter Hey, and a union representative , Jane Stokes.

1005) He has called a meeting with the Human Resources Manager, Peter Hey,
and a union representative, Jane Stokes.
1006) Last year our profits fell by 15% and the prospects for this year are no
better.
1007) I've asked Peter to draw up a list of people who we might make redundant.
1008) He has to tell them that the only option they have to keep their company
afloat is to lay people off .
1009) That 's true , but you have to look at it from a human point of view. In the
end, it's not the fault of the manual workers that the company is in trouble !
1010) First and foremost , I would like to thank and congratulate everyone
1011) for all their effort and hard work. Despite the severe economic downturn,
AUTOSCREENS has performed exceedingly well.
1012) Countries in the Eurozone account for 80% of our exports.
1013) I firmly believe that our excellent value for money is largely responsible for
our success.
1014) We have submitted a request for grants from the Department of Trade and
Industry.
1015) What about people who want to take early retirement ?
1016) Salary costs, such as the National Insurance contributions that the employer
has to pay, rose again and we urgently needed to create new revenue streams to
cover these costs.
1017) Earlier this year, we entered into negotiations with some of our
competitors with a view to a possible merger.
1018) Today I have better news, because we hope to be in a position to take
on about 15 new members of staff in the coming weeks and months.
1019) Is everybody here ? - Yes, I think so.
1020) I firmly believe that the quality of our products and our
excellent value for money are largely responsible for our success.
1021) What about people who want to take early retirement ?
1022) First and foremost , I would like to thank and congratulate everyone for all
their effort and hard work.
1023) In addition, the strength of the pound made it very difficult to export to
certain markets, particularly to countries in the Eurozone, which account for 80%
of our exports.
1024) Earlier this year, we entered into negotiations with some of
our competitors with a view to a possible merger.
1025) Salary costs , such as the National Insurance contributions that the
employer has to pay, rose again.
1026) We have also thought about that and have submitted a request for grants .
1027) First and foremost, I would like to thank and congratulate everyone for all
their effort and hard work; without you this would not have been possible .
1028) Despite the severe economic downturn, which has affected the automobile
industry, AUTOSCREENS has performed exceedingly well .
1029) Despite the severe economic downturn, which has affected the automobile
industry, AUTOSCREENS has performed exceedingly well.
1030) In 2002 the company was struggling and we were unfortunately forced
to lay some people off .
1031) Absolutely not . Let me make it very clear that one of the preconditions of a
possible merger is that nobody will lose their job.
1032) Until now, no actual deals have been made.
1033) As you may be aware , the figures are very encouraging.
1034) The pound has also weakened against the Euro during the last 12 months,
which means that our products are more competitively priced on the Continent.
1035) Now that the company is performing well, does that mean that there are
funds available for additional training or will we have to wait for that ?
1036) I am not in a position to give you an answe r at present . Some time
next month I expect to receive a report on this subject from a Management
Consultancy firm, and only then will I be able to give you a definite answer to that
question.
1037) There can be no doubt that we still face major challenges ahead.
1038) Will there be any redundancies if there's a merger ?
1039) Clearly our agreements with various large car manufacturers have
contributed to the 50% rise in profits.
1040) Earlier this year, we entered into negotiations with some of our competitors
with a view to a possible merger .
1041) It seems more than likely that over the next three years our profit margins
will double. Now let's look at how this can be achieved.
1042) In addition , the strength of the pound made it very difficult to export to
certain markets, particularly to countries in the Eurozone, which account for 80% of
our exports.

1043) take something on” : to recruit / hire / employ.


1044) "take off" : become very successful.
1045) "take up" : accept an offer.
1046) "turn up" : appear or arise.
1047) "turn down" : decline an offer.

Phrasal verbs can take this pattern: subject + verb + object + particle. An example of this is:

• “We’re running out of time.”

• “I’ll call you back.”

• “Business has really taken off.”

Phrasal verbs can also take this pattern: subject + verb + particle + (preposition) object. An
example of this is:

• “We’re running out of time.”

• “I’ll call you back.”


• “Business has really taken off.”

Another phrasal verb pattern is: subject + verb + particle. An example of this is:

• “Business has really taken off.”

• “I’ll call you back.”


• “We’re running out of time.”
Object pronouns must go between the verb and the particle (e.g. "I'll call you back."’).

1048) When did Lukas move on ?


1049)
What time should I call you back ?
1050)
Make sure you check them out .
1051) Let's see if we can get someone in for 2 days a week .
1052) Can you look into that customer complaint ?
1053)
We don't have any more paper! We have totally run out !
1054) N. You look stressed! Whats up? J. I need to go over my
application before sending it in.
1055) N. Oh OK, I can help you with that tomorrow if you like. J. But
the deadline's in 45 minutes! I need to phone a customer back
before 6.00 too, and I've nearly run out of time . N. Wow, I'd better
leave you to it. Good luck!
1056) N. Hi Jack! Any news on that job you applied for? J. Yeah,
they just called to say that they've finished drawing up the
shortlist and they'd like to interview me.
1057) N. Well, that took ages! But congratulations!! J. Apparently
they had to go through over 100 applications .
1058) N. That seems like a lot of work, just to bring in one extra
person.
1059) J. Yeah, and I'm not sure if I'd even take up the job if they
offered it - they seem really disorganised.

In which context does this discussion take place?

• At a meeting in a company.

• During a training session on organising work in a company.


• During a coffee break with colleagues.

What is the point of the discussion?

• To decide whether or not to set up a teleworking day.

• To better distribute tasks among employees of a company.


• Organise a carpool to facilitate the arrival of employees at their place of work.

Is Sandra convinced of Mark's proposal?

• Yes, but she has to convince another person.

• No, she definitely wants to stop any further discussion on this subject.
• We do not know, at the end of the conversation, Sandra and Mark completely
change the subject.

According to Mark, teleworking:

• can make employees more efficient.

• should be mandatory for all employees.


• is hardly practiced by companies.

What is Sandra's fear?

• That the division of tasks becomes more complicated.


• That all employees will choose the same day for teleworking.

• That there will be less interaction between employees.

Why does Mark interrupt Sandra?

• Because she refuses to give him the floor.

• Because she questions the employees' loyalty.

• Because she completely changes the subject.

How does Sandra react to the argument that teleworking can give a good image of the
company?

• She does not react.

• She seems to agree with the argument.

• She is completely against it.


Sandra is against the argument that:

• teleworking can help combine one's private and professional life.

• employees would be less stressed if they teleworked.


• teleworking does not make employees less profitable.

What does Mark propose at the end of the conversation?

• Let Sandra do a half-day test every week.

• That those employees who want to can do a test for one day a week.

• That all employees of the company telework one day a week.

1060) During the meeting we addressed several points that are


important for the progress of our project.
1061) You managed to convince your boss to give it a try.
1062) The discussion was lively and Leigh wanted
to add something but Chris didn't give her the floor.
1063) This is because we are very attentive to our corporate
identity so our company will be successful
1064) Before I was not in favour of teleworking but I must say that
you have found strong arguments .
1065) Let's give it a try and we'll analyse the impact in a month .
1066) He showed that teleworking didn't affect employee profitability
.
1067) Certainly, your project is interesting but I doubt it's feasible .
1068) I'm convinced that the company's corporate identity will not
suffer .

During a meeting, one of your colleagues claims that teleworking makes employees less
productive. How do you oppose this idea?

• You admit that it is difficult to manage work and productivity when employees
manage their own time at home.

• You show him figures from studies that prove the opposite.

• You argue that the profitability of the workers could be affected.


In a meeting with management, you speak on behalf of all your colleagues because you
want to have fewer meetings. Which is the most convincing way to express this? Choose
from the following options:

• Frequent meetings are often useless, and video conferences are a hot topic.

• My colleagues and I are convinced that we will increase profitability.

• My colleagues and I doubt that we need to understand the topic of the frequency of
meetings.

You are convinced of the benefits of a nap at work. During a meeting, your superior reacts
in the following way: "At the end of the day, we do not pay employees to sleep during the
work day! What do you answer to him?

• "Excuse me, but, it seems to me that if you put in place a 15-minute nap, it would
have a negative impact on the productivity of the company's employees!"

• "Could you imagine the impact on our corporate identity? We would be a


recognised as a company that promotes the well-being of its employees! "

• "Excuse me, but it's absurd. Contrary to what you say, serious studies, with figures
to support it, have shown that a nap is a good habit!"

1069) During our meetings, the many interactions between


colleagues allow for all opinions to be shared and discussed.

1070) She used a photograph to support her claim that she was at home all day.
1071) This chef prepares delicious dishes. It is his passion for exotic flavours
that drives him.
1072) In friendships, it's important to show loyalty .
1073) You are not allowed to speak in this meeting until we give you the floor .
1074) Peter wanted to show me the benefits of running.
1075) Employee profitability often decreases in summer.
1076) If you decide to leave now, the whole team's work will suffer .
1077) It is often difficult to understand certain philosophical concepts.
1078) I did not wish to add anything to this debate; my opinions have already
been expressed by others.
1079) I don't think the cycle lane project for the city centre is feasible .
1080) Every day Patrick has to endure his colleague Henry's bad mood.
1081) The question of the distribution of tasks was on yesterday's agenda .
1082) You have certainly made good progress on this issue, but the work is far
from over.
1083) It is now time to address the next item on the agenda.
1084) If you interrupt me all the time, I will never finish my explanation.
1085) Julie tends to disagree with Martin. She thinks it's better if he waits until
the end of the month to resign.
1086) I had to make a good argument to convince my colleague to participate in
the training programme.
1087) To be credible, a company must be attentive to its corporate identity .
1088) If you let me continue , you will understand where I'm coming from.
1089) I am convinced that my brother should stop using his car for journeys of
less than five kilometres.
1090) We have not received the minutes of yesterday's meeting.
1091) The impact of our advertising campaign has been very positive for the
company.
1092) It is often difficult to combine my hobbies and obligations.
1093) I am in favour of a transparent recruitment policy.
1094) Elisa does not manage her schedule well; she always ends up late.
1095) I cannot always achieve my goals on time.
1096) Marianne often finds it difficult to admit that she is wrong.
1097) The news of his departure affected us a great deal.

1098) This conversation takes place in the after-sales service


area of a department store.
1099) Ms Jackson is a customer who is unhappy with her
purchase .
1100) By the end of this conversation, the employee found
solutions to Ms Jackson's problems .

The after-sales service employee offered

• to refund Ms Jackson the difference between the price she paid and the price of the
television on promotion.

• to buy her old television and sell her a new one at a lower price.
• a discount on her next purchase in the store.

What is Mr Granger's situation?

• The address was missing.


• The address was incorrect.

• His phone number was missing.

Why does Ms Jackson contact the after-sales service?

• She didn't receive the right television model.


• There is a cable missing from the television she bought.

• The television she bought is not working properly.

Why is Ms Jackson particularly unhappy?

• The television she bought is an old model.


• The television she bought yesterday has been on promotion since today.

• She paid more for her television than the price shown on the ticket.

What should Ms Jackson do before she gets her new television?

• Queue a second time at the after-sales service.


• Fill in an order form.

• Go to the checkout and get a new invoice.

What does the after-sales service employee do at the end of the conversation?

• He checks that the box of the new television is closed.


• He adds a cable to the box of the new television.
• He checks that the new television is working properly.

1101) Peter has still not received the carpet he ordered more than 2
months ago. He is really unhappy !
1102) The item I received is not the one I ordered. Is it possible to
be refunded ?
1103) The store has received several complaints about a defective
refrigerator.
1104) The new photocopier is very complicated to use, I don't
understand how it works .
1105) If you do not read the manual , you will never understand
how this device works.
1106) As my coffee machine broke down and it was still under
guarantee, I went to the after-sales service department of the shop
that I bought it from.
1107) To be sure that you are present at the delivery time, it is
better to make an appointment with the delivery person .
1108) When the customer places his order for a product, the
salesperson must print an order form .
1109) Which payment method would you like to use? Bank card,
cheque, cash?
1110) Patrick queued for 20 minutes at the checkout before he
could pay for his purchase.

A customer complains that the item he bought is defective, what should you do?

• Check that the address in his file is correct.


• Give him a discount on his next purchase.

• Check that the item is under guarantee, then offer to repair or exchange it.

A customer complains about an invoicing error. He explains that he was charged for a more
expensive dishwasher model than the one that was delivered to him. What do you do?

• You print the order form.


• You refund the difference in price.

• You offer to send him a repair technician free of charge.

A very dissatisfied customer complains because, despite the appointment he made with the
delivery person, the item he ordered was not delivered. What do you do?

• Give him the personal phone number of the delivery person and explain that his
complaint does not concern you.

• Apologise and then check that there are no errors in his file.

• Note the reasons for his dissatisfaction in his file and explain the current
promotions.

1111)

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