Indira Deeta

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Q1. Which one of the following is NOT a type of volcano?

(a) Shield Volcano
(b) Composite Volcano
(c) Cinder Cone Volcano
(d) Cyclone Volcano

Correct Answer: (d) Cyclone Volcano

Explanation: There are three main types of volcanoes: Shield Volcanoes, Composite Volcanoes (also
known as Stratovolcanoes), and Cinder Cone Volcanoes. Cyclone Volcano is not a recognized type of
volcano.

Q2. Which of the following layers of the Earth is primarily composed of iron and nickel?
(a) Crust
(b) Mantle
(c) Outer Core
(d) Inner Core
Correct Answer: (d) Inner Core

Explanation: The inner core of the Earth is primarily composed of iron and nickel. It is the hottest part of
the Earth and has extreme pressure. The outer core, which surrounds the inner core, is mostly composed
of liquid iron and nickel. The mantle is composed of silicate rocks, and the crust is composed of various
types of rocks.

Q3. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of Plate Tectonics?

(a) Earthquakes
(b) Volcanic Eruptions
(c) Formation of Mountain Ranges
(d) Formation of Deserts

Correct Answer: (d) Formation of Deserts

Explanation: Plate tectonics is a scientific theory that explains the movement of Earth's lithosphere. This
movement leads to the formation of several geographical features and natural disasters such as
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and formation of mountain ranges. However, the formation of deserts is
not a direct consequence of plate tectonics. It is more related to climatic conditions, wind patterns, and
geographical location.

Q4. Which one of the following is the correct sequence of the Earth's layers from the surface to the
center?

(a) Crust, Outer Core, Mantle, Inner Core

(b) Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core
(c) Mantle, Crust, Outer Core, Inner Core
(d) Outer Core, Crust, Mantle, Inner Core

Correct Answer: (b) Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core

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Explanation: The Earth is divided into four main layers: the crust, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner
core. From the surface to the center, the order is Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, and Inner Core.

Q5. Which of the following statements about Earth's Core is correct?

(a) The core is the outermost layer of the Earth.
(b) The core is composed of mainly solid iron and nickel.
(c) The core is cooler than the Earth's crust.
(d) The core does not generate any magnetic field.
Correct Answer: (b) The core is composed of mainly solid iron and nickel.

Explanation: The Earth's core is the innermost layer and is composed mainly of iron and nickel. It is
divided into two parts: the 'inner core', which is solid and the 'outer core', which is molten or liquid. The
core is hotter than the Earth's crust and it generates Earth's magnetic field.

Q6. Consider the following statements about Earth's Mantle:

1. The mantle is the thinnest layer of the Earth.
2. It is composed of semi-solid rock.
3. The mantle is divided into the upper mantle and the lower mantle.
4. The lower mantle is rigid, while the upper mantle is more plastic in nature.
(a) Only 1 and 2 are correct
(b) Only 2 and 3 are correct
(c) Only 3 and 4 are correct
(d) All are correct
Correct Answer: (b) Only 2 and 3 are correct

Explanation: The mantle is not the thinnest layer of the Earth, it is actually the thickest. The crust is the
thinnest layer. The mantle is composed of semi-solid rock. It is divided into the upper mantle and the lower
mantle. The upper mantle is rigid, while the lower mantle is more plastic in nature.

Q7. Which of the following statements is true about Seismic Waves?

(a) P-waves are the slowest seismic waves and are the last to arrive at a seismic station.
(b) S-waves can travel through all mediums - solids, liquids, and gases.
(c) Surface waves are the most destructive seismic waves.
(d) P-waves can only travel through solids.
Correct Answer: (c) Surface waves are the most destructive seismic waves.
Explanation: P-waves are the fastest seismic waves and are the first to arrive at a seismic station. S-waves
can only travel through solids. Surface waves, although slower than P-waves and S-waves, are the most
destructive seismic waves because they cause the most intense shaking.

Q8. Consider the following statements about the Layers of the Earth:
The Earth's crust is the thickest layer.
The mantle is composed of semi-solid rock.
The core is the innermost layer of the Earth and is composed mainly of iron and nickel.
The crust is divided into two types - continental crust and oceanic crust.

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(a) Only 1 and 2 are correct

(b) Only 2, 3 and 4 are correct
(c) Only 1, 3 and 4 are correct
(d) All are correct
Correct Answer: (b) Only 2, 3 and 4 are correct
Explanation: The Earth's crust is not the thickest layer; it is the thinnest layer. The mantle is indeed
composed of semi-solid rock. The core is the innermost layer and is primarily composed of iron and nickel.
The crust is indeed divided into two types - continental (landmasses) and oceanic (ocean basins).

Q9. Consider the following statements about the theory of Continental Drift:
1. The theory was proposed by Alfred Wegener in the early 20th century.
2. It suggests that all continents were once joined together in a single landmass called Pangaea.
3. The theory was immediately accepted by the scientific community due to the compelling evidence
Wegener provided.
4. The theory of Plate Tectonics, which came later, completely disproved the theory of Continental Drift.
(a) Only 1, 2 and 3 are correct
(b) Only 1 and 2 are correct
(c) Only 1, 2 and 4 are correct
(d) All are correct
Correct Answer: (b) Only 1 and 2 are correct
Explanation: Although Alfred Wegener proposed the theory of Continental Drift and suggested that all
continents were once joined together in a single landmass called Pangaea, his theory was not immediately
accepted by the scientific community. Many scientists of his time found his evidence unconvincing. The
theory of Plate Tectonics, which came later, did not disprove the theory of Continental Drift but rather
provided a mechanism (movement of tectonic plates) for it.

Q10. Consider the following statements about the Earth's Crust:

1. The Earth's crust is the thickest layer of the Earth.
2. The crust under the ocean basins is referred to as the oceanic crust.
3. The crust under the landmasses is referred to as the continental crust.
4. The Earth's crust is composed of solid rocks and minerals.
(a) Only 2, 3 and 4 are correct
(b) Only 1, 2 and 3 are correct
(c) Only 1, 3 and 4 are correct
(d) All are correct
Correct Answer: (a) Only 2, 3 and 4 are correct

Explanation: The Earth's crust is the thinnest, not the thickest layer of the Earth. It is composed of solid
rocks and minerals. The crust under the ocean basins is referred to as the oceanic crust, while the crust
under the landmasses is referred to as the continental crust.

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