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    Pajar, Janna Mae C.

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    Janna Pajar
    The document discusses linear algebra concepts such as spanning sets, linear independence, bases, and homogeneous systems of equations. It provides examples of determining if a vector belongs to the span of a set of vectors, checking if a set of vectors is linearly independent, identifying if a set of polynomials forms a basis, and finding the basis and dimension of the solution space for a homogeneous system. Solutions to the examples involve setting up systems of equations from the definitions and properties, and row reducing the corresponding matrices to solve for parameters or identify free variables in the basis.

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    Pajar, Janna Mae C.

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    Janna Pajar
    23 views3 pages
    The document discusses linear algebra concepts such as spanning sets, linear independence, bases, and homogeneous systems of equations. It provides examples of determining if a vector belongs to the span of a set of vectors, checking if a set of vectors is linearly independent, identifying if a set of polynomials forms a basis, and finding the basis and dimension of the solution space for a homogeneous system. Solutions to the examples involve setting up systems of equations from the definitions and properties, and row reducing the corresponding matrices to solve for parameters or identify free variables in the basis.

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    Pajar,Janna Mae C.

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    The document discusses linear algebra concepts such as spanning sets, linear independence, bases, and homogeneous systems of equations. It provides examples of determining if a vector belongs to the span of a set of vectors, checking if a set of vectors is linearly independent, identifying if a set of polynomials forms a basis, and finding the basis and dimension of the solution space for a homogeneous system. Solutions to the examples involve setting up systems of equations from the definitions and properties, and row reducing the corresponding matrices to solve for parameters or identify free variables in the basis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views3 pages

    Pajar, Janna Mae C.

    Uploaded by

    Janna Pajar
    The document discusses linear algebra concepts such as spanning sets, linear independence, bases, and homogeneous systems of equations. It provides examples of determining if a vector belongs to the span of a set of vectors, checking if a set of vectors is linearly independent, identifying if a set of polynomials forms a basis, and finding the basis and dimension of the solution space for a homogeneous system. Solutions to the examples involve setting up systems of equations from the definitions and properties, and row reducing the corresponding matrices to solve for parameters or identify free variables in the basis.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    Linear Algebra

    Janna Mae C. Pajar


    June 12, 2023

    1 Exercise 4.4 Spanning set


    In each part,
     determine
     wether
     the  A in M22 belongs to span {A1 , A2 , A3 } where,
     given vector
    1 −1 1 1 2 2
    A1 = , A2 = , and A3 =
    0 3 0 2 −1 1
     
    5 1
    a.) A=
    −1 9

    Span S is the set M22 consisting of all vectors of the form A= aA1 + bA2 + cA3 .
           
    1 −1 1 1 2 2 5 1
    a +b +c =
    0 3 0 2 −1 1 −1 9
       
    a + b + 2c −a + b + 2c 5 1
    = =
    0−c 3a + 2b + c −1 9
    a + b + 2c = 5
    −a + b + 2c = 1
    −c = −1
    3a + 2b + c = 9
    by back substitute,
    3a + 2b + c = 9
    2b = 6 − 4c
    a + b + 2c = 5 3a+ = 9 − 2b − c
    2b = 6 − 4(1)
    −c = −1 ⇒ c = 1 −a + b + 2c = 1 3a = 9 − 2(1) − 1
    2b = 2
    2b + 4c = 6 3a = 6
    b=1
    a=2

    Since there is a scalar a,b,c such that aA1 + bA2 + cA3 = V,so the given vector a belongs to
    span A1 , A2 , A3

    2 Exercise 4.5 Linear Independent


    which of the given vectors inR3 are linearly dependent?. For those which are, express one vector as a
    linear combination of the rest.
        
    c.) 1 1 0 , 0 2 3 , 1 2 3 , 0 0 0
    V = a1 V1 + a2 V2 + a3 V3 + a4 V4

    we write the equation in the following


      format,       
    a1 1  1 0 + a2 0  2 3 + a3 1 2 3 + a4 0  0 0 = 0  0 0
    a1 a1 0 + 0 2a2 3a2 + a3 2a3 3a3 = 0 0 0

    1
    we obtain the homogeneous system,
    a1 + a3 = 0
    4a1 + 2a2 + 2a3 = 0
    3a2 + 3a3 = 0

    the corresponding augmented matrix is,  


    1 0 1 | 0
    1 2 2 | 0
    0 3 3 | 0

    transforming to RREF,  
    1 0 1 | 0
    1 2 2 | 0 r2 ↔ r3
    0 3 3 | 0
     
    1 0 1 | 0 1
    r → r2
    0 3 3 | 0 3 2
    −1r1 + r3 → r3
    1 2 2 | 0
     
    1 0 1 | 0
    1 1 1 | 0 −2r2 + r3 → r3
    0 2 1 | 0
     
    1 0 1 | 0
    0 1 1 | 0 −1r3 → r3
    0 0 −1 | 0
     
    1 0 1 | 0
    −1r3 + r1 → r1
    0 1 1 | 0
    −1r3 + r2 → r2
    0 0 1 | 0
     
    1 0 0 | 0
    0 1 0 | 0
    0 0 1 | 0

    Therefore, the vectors are linearly independent R3

    3 Exercise 4.6 Basis and Dimension


    Which of the following sets of vectors are basis for P2 ?
    
    d.) 3t2 + 2t + 1, t2 + t + 1, t2 + 1 .

    To show that the span V and it is linearly independent, we take in vector V , by polynomial at2 + bt + c
    and find the conastant a1 , a2 , a3 we have,
    at2 + bt + c = a1 (3t2 + 2t + 1) + a2 (t2 + t + 1) + a3 (t2 + 1)
    = (3a1 t2 + 2a1 t + a1 ) + (a2 t2 + a2 t + a2 ) + (a3 t2 + a3 )
    = t2 (3a1 + a2 + a3 ) + t(2a1 + a2 ) + (a1 + a2 + a3 )
    Then solve for a1 , a2 , a3 we obtain linear system,
    3a1 + a2 + a3 = 0
    2a1 + a2 = 0
    a1 + a2 + a3 = 0

    by back substitute,

    2
    3a1 + (−2a1 ) + a3 = 0
    3a1 + a2 + a3 = 0
    a1 + (−2a2 ) + a3 = 0
    2a1 + a2 = 0 → a2 = −2a1 3a1 − 2a2 + 0 = 0 a2 = −2(0) a2 = 0
    4a1 − 4a1 + a3 = 0
    a1 = 0
    a3 = 0

    then,
    0(3t2 + 2t + 1) + 0(t2 + t + 1) + 0(t2 + 1) = 0

    Therefore, the vectors basis for P2 is 0 = 0

    4 Exercise 4.7 Homogeneous System


    in exercise 3 through 10, find a basis for and the dimension of the solution space of the given
    homogeneous system.
    x1 + x2 + x3 + x4 = 0
    (3.)
    2x1 + x2 − x3 + x4 = 0
    the corresponding augmented matrix is,
     
    1 1 1 1 | 0
    2 1 −1 1 | 0
    Transform to RREF,
     
    1 1 1 1 | 0
    −2r1 + r2 → r2
    2 1 −1 1 | 0
     
    1 1 1 1 | 0
    −r2 → r2
    0 −1 −3 −1 | 0
     
    1 1 1 1 | 0
    −r2 + r1 → r1
    0 1 3 1 | 0
     
    1 0 −2 0 | 0
    0 1 3 1 | 0
    every solution is then of the form is
     
    −2s
    3s −t
    We let x3 = s, x4 = t, where s and t are real numbers. Then every vectors in the solutions are,
       
    −2 0
    x=s +t
    3 −1
       
    −2 0
    Therefore, , is the basis of the solution space.
    3 −1

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