COMPOUNDS BASED ON CHEMICAL

AND STRUCTURAL FORMULAS

for General Chemistry 1/ Grade 12
Quarter 1/ Week 4

NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week4_v2 1 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week4_v2

 FOREWORD

This self-learning kit serves as a guide for STEM students

in naming and representing ionic and covalent
compounds using chemical and structural formulas. This
may become an instrument in the development of
students who are critical problem solvers, lifetime learners,
responsible stewards of Mother Earth, truth seekers,
impartial decision-makers, responsive and ingenious
citizens, and effective communicators.
This kit may accompany the students in their journey
as they explore the intricacies of MATTER through science
amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

2 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week4_v2
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:
K : differentiate chemical from the structural formula;
S : name compounds given their formula and write the formulas
given the name of the compound; and
A : appreciate having a systematic method of representing
compounds by using chemical and structural formulas.

LEARNING COMPETENCIES
- Represent compounds using chemical formulas, structural
formulas, and model (STEM_GC11AM-Ic-e-2)
- Name compounds given their formula and write the formula
given the name of the compound (STEM_GC11AMIc-e-23)

I. WHAT HAPPENED
PRE-ACTIVITY/PRE-TEST

A. CROSSWORD PUZZLE. Copy and complete the crossword puzzle based

on the questions given below.
1

2 9

3 4 6

10 11

12

Across 11. Li2O

2. Smallest particle 12. Anion of oxygen
3. What is element Rb? Down
6. name of this formula CuO 1. number of atom present in SO3
7. N2O3 4. What is element Mg?
8. Prefix 4 5. What is element Na?
10. Positively charged ion 9. CO

3 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week4_v2
II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW
DISCUSSION:

There are different substances that have been discovered

and it is essential to determine their names. To minimize confusion,
the name of the substances was standardized and conforms to the
guideline set by the International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry (IUPAC). Aside from naming, it is also essential to notate
their name to make it easier to understand. This notation is called
chemical formulas; the question now is how to name compounds?
and how to determine the chemical formulas?.

Naming Ionic Compounds

Based on IUPAC rules (International Union of Pure and Applied
Chemistry) that in naming ionic compounds it should start with a
cation and be followed by an anion.

For binary ionic compounds (with group 1 and 2 metals)

Steps:
1. Name the monoatomic cation (the metal)
2. Name the monoatomic anion (the non-metal) and
change the suffix to -ide
F– fluoride O2– oxide N3– nitride
Cl– chloride S2– sulfide P3– phosphide
Br– bromide Se2– selenide I– iodide ion
3. Write the name of the cation first, followed by the name
of the anion with a space in between.

Example
Give the name:
CaCl2 - Calcium chloride
NaI - Sodium iodide
LiF - Lithium fluoride
MgBr2 - Magnesium bromide

4 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week4_v2
For binary ionic compounds (with transition metals)
Steps:
1. Name the monoatomic cation (the metal). Since transition
metals have variable oxidation numbers or charges. It is
important to determine it, and if written the charges are
placed in parenthesis and in roman numerals. If some books
,however, the common names of the transition metal like
Ferric (Fe3+) or Ferrous (Fe2+) were still used.
2. Name the monoatomic anion (the non-metal) and change
the suffix to -ide
3. Write the name of the cation first with the charge in roman
numeral inside the parenthesis, followed by the name of
the anion with a space in between.

Example:
Give the name:
NiO = Nickel (II) oxide FeO = Iron (II) oxide
CoCl3 = Cobalt (III) chloride MnS = Manganese (II) sulfide

For ionic compounds containing a polyatomic ion

The same steps and name the polyatomic ion.

5 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week4_v2
Representing Ionic Compounds Using Chemical Formula
An ionic compound results from an attraction between a
cation and anion. The attraction between oppositely charged
sodium and chloride ions forms the ionic compound, sodium
chloride. An ionic compound assumes a crystalline structure, a
three-dimensional well-ordered arrangement of cations and
anions.

Figure 1. The alternating arrangement of Na+ and Cl- in a sodium chloride crystal.

Source: https://image.shutterstock.com/image-illustration/ion-crystal-lattice-nacl-sodium-260nw-345228074.jpg

The formula for an ionic compound is written by combining the

symbols of the cation and anion. An ionic compound is neutral; thus
the cations and anions must combine in a ratio when the total
positive and negative charges of the ions sum up to zero.

Writing the chemical formula of ionic compound follows the

crisscross rule:
1. Set the charge number of the ion as the subscript of the other
ion.
2. A subscript of one (1) is not explicitly written in the formula.
3. Conversely, if the element in the formula does not have a
subscript, the value is understood to be one (1).
4. If the formula contains reducible subscripts, then the subscripts
are expressed in the simplest ratio.
5. For a polyatomic ion requiring a subscript other than 1, the ion
is enclosed in parenthesis before the subscript is affixed.

6 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week4_v2
 Study how the crisscross rule is applied in each example. Refer
to the table found on page 6 for the charges of the ions.

Representing Binary Covalent Compounds Using

Chemical Formula Greek Prefixes
Number Prefix

A covalent compound results when 1 mono-

nonmetals share electrons. Thus, covalent 2 di-
compounds exist as molecules. The formula of a 3 tri-
covalent compound is written based on the
4 tetra-
Greek prefixes found on its binary name
5 pent-
indicating the number of atoms present. If there
is no Greek prefix found on the first element of 6 hexa-

the compound, it is considered as having one 7 hepta-

atom of the element. 8 octa-
9 nona-
carbon dioxide CO2
10 deca-

7 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week4_v2
✓ Since there is no prefix found in carbon, it is considered as
mono or having 1 atom of carbon. On the other hand, oxygen has
di- in the prefix so it means there are 2 atoms of oxygen present.

dinitrogen tetraoxide N2O4

✓ Di- indicates that there are 2 atoms of nitrogen present and

tetra- means that there are 4 atoms of oxygen present in the
compound.

Types of Chemical Formulas

Covalent compounds may be represented using various
chemical formulas. These are molecular formula, empirical formula,
and structural formula.

✓ Molecular formula – contains the symbol and the

corresponding number of atoms of all the elements in the
compound.
✓ Empirical formula – shows only the reduced form of a
molecular formula; the subscripts of the original molecular formula
are written in their simplest whole number ratio.

Molecular and Empirical Formulas of Some Compounds

Compound Name Molecular Formula Empirical Formula
Acetylene C2H2
CH
Benzene C6H6
Formaldehyde CH2O
CH2O
Glucose C6H12O6

✓ Structural formula – shows the bond pattern and connectivity

of atoms in compounds. The atom is represented by its element
symbol while lines depict the type of chemical bond between the
atoms. The lines — and = represent single and double covalent
bonds respectively.

8 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week4_v2
✓ Condensed structural formula – simplifies structural formula in
which bonding patterns and connectivity are less obvious but are
still apparent.

Structural and Condensed Structural Formulas of Some Compounds

Compound Name Structural Formula Condensed Formula
Carbon dioxide CO2

Ethane CH3CH3

Charges of Common Ions

9 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week4_v2
Activity 1.
Writing chemical formula. Write the formula for each of the following
compounds.

1. Sodium nitride - ________________

2. Barium nitrate - __________________
3. Calcium hydroxide - ______________
4. Silver (I) nitrate - ___________________
5. Lithium sulfate - _________________
6. Lead (IV) nitrate - ________________
7. Calcium sulfate - ________________
8. Dinitrogen heptachloride - ______________
9. Dinitrogen pentoxide - _________________
10. Hydrochloric acid - _______________
11. Carbon tetrachloride - ________________
12. Phosphoric acid - ___________________
13. Dinitrogen pentoxide - ________________
14. Nickel (II) oxide - _______________
15. Sodium acetate - ________________

Activity 2.
Naming chemical compounds. Name the following compounds.
1. CuSO4 - _____________________________
2. Mg(NO3)2 - ___________________________
3. (NH4)2SO4 - __________________________
4. BaSO4 - _____________________________
5. Fe2O3 - ___________________________
6. KI - ________________________________
7. FeS - ________________________________
8. NiCl2 - _______________________________
9. PCl5 - _________________________________
10. Cl2O7 - ________________________________
11. NaClO - __________________________________
12. CO - ___________________________________
13. MgBr2 - ________________________________
14. Li2CO3 - _______________________________
15. NaSCN - ______________________________

10 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week4_v2
III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
EVALUATION/POST TEST:

A. Multiple Choice. Read carefully and choose the letter that best
corresponds to your answer.
1. What type of chemical formula is illustrated?
a. condensed formula c. structural formula
b. molecular formula d. empirical formula

2. A simplified structural formula is called

a. evaporated formula c. condensed formula
b. precipitated formula d. none of these

3. Which is not an example of an empirical formula?

a. CH4 b. C3H8O c. C6H12 d. H2SO4

4. A compound has a molecular formula of C12H24O6. What is the

compound’s empirical formula?
a. CHO b. C2H4O c. C6H12O3 d. C12H24O6

5. In naming a binary covalent compound, the number of atoms of

each element present in the molecule is indicated by
a. roman numerals c. superscripts
b. prefixes d. subscripts

6. What is the correct formula for barium chlorate?

a. Ba(ClO)2 b. Ba(ClO2)2 c. Ba(ClO3)2 d. BaCl2

7. What is the correct formula for calcium dihydrogen phosphate?

a. CaH2PO4 b. Ca2H2PO4 c. Ca(H2PO4)2 d. Ca(H2HPO4)2

8. This type of chemical formula shows the bond pattern and

connectivity of atoms in compounds.
a. structural formula c. molecular formula
b. condensed structural formula d. empirical formula

9. What is the correct formula for potassium sulfite?

a. KHSO3 b. KHSO4 c. K2SO3 d. K2SO4

11 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week4_v2
10. It shows only the reduced form of a molecular formula.
a. structural formula c. chemical formula
b. condensed structural formula d. empirical formula

11. A compound that contains only two types of nonmetallic

elements.
a. ionic compound c. binary covalent compound
b. polyatomic compound d. metallic compounds

12. Which group has a member that does not belong?

a. C, Ne, O, N c. N3-, H-, I-, O2-
b. Mg, Ca, Li, Sr, d. F, Cl, Br, I

13. The formula of the compound formed by magnesium and

nitrogen?
a. MgN b. Mg3N2 c. Mg2N3 d. Mg2N2

14. Which will form an ion with a +2 charge?

a. S b. Br c. Ba d. Cs

15. Which of the following characterizes ionic compounds?

a. formed by two metals c. ions held by covalent bonds
b. can exist as crystals d. formed by metal and non-metal

16. Which will form an ion with -1 charge?

a. P b. Li c. Ca d. I

17. What is the name of this formula MgNO3?

a. Magnesium nitrate c. Magnesium nitrite
b. Magnesium nitrogen d. Magnesium nitride

18. How many atoms are there in total in a molecule of sulfur

trioxide?
a. Five b. Four c. Three d. Seven

19. Which of the following characterizes binary covalent

compounds?
12 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week4_v2
 a. formed by two metals c. formed by metal and non-metal
b. formed two nonmetals d. none of the above

20. Which will form an ion with +3?

a. Al b. Br c. Na d. L

REFERENCES

Damhus, Ture, R. M. Hartshorn, and A. T. Hutton. "Nomenclature of

inorganic chemistry: IUPAC recommendations
2005." Chemistry International (2005).

Petrucci, Ralph H., William S. Harwood, and F. Geoffrey Herring.

General chemistry: principles and modern applications. Vol.
1. Prentice Hall, 2002.

13 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week4_v2
 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

JOELYZA M. ARCILLA EdD

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

MARCELO K. PALISPIS EdD JD

OIC – Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

NILITA L. RAGAY EdD

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent/CID Chief

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMDS)

ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
PSDS – Division Science Coordinator

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

GERALD T. UBAG
Lay-Out Artist

MARY JOYCEN A. ALAM-ALAM/MARIA CRISTINA M. SALASALAN

Writers
_________________________________

ALPHA QA TEAM
LIEZEL A. AGOR
EUFRATES G. ANSOK, JR.
JOAN Y. BUBULI
MA. OFELIA I. BUSCATO
DEXTER D. PAIRA
LIELIN A. DE LA ZERNA

BETA QA TEAM
ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA RANJEL D. ESTIMAR
ALLAN Z. ALBERTO MARIA SALOME B. GOMEZ
EUFRATES G. ANSOK JR. JUSTIN PAUL ASERNIO C. KINAMOT
DORIN FAYE D. CADAYDAY ARJIE T. PALUMPA
MERCY G. DAGOY LESTER C. PABALINAS
ROWENA R. DINOKOT
DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide accessible learning modality
to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and
evaluated to comply with the set learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to
information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to copyright and may not be reproduced in
any form without division.

14 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week4_v2
SYNOPSIS ANSWER KEY

This self-learning kit discusses

on how to write chemical formula
under the learning competency
‘Represent compounds using
chemical formulas, structural
formulas and model’ and ‘Name
compounds given their formula
and write formula given the name
of the compound’.
You are expected to learn
and develop knowledge about
Chemistry and apply it in real-life
situations.

Pre-Activity/Post-test
A. 1. Four 7. Nitrogen oxide
2. Atom 8. Tetra
ABOUT THE AUTHORS 3. Rubidium 9. Carbon oxide
4. Magnesium 10. Cation
5. Sodium 11. Lithium oxide
MARY JOYCEN A. ALAM-ALAM
6. Copperisoxide
a Special Science
12. Oxide
Teacher I (SPST-I) in Dauin Science High School. She
Activity 1
earned her Bachelor of Secondary
1. Na3N Education
6. Pb(NO3)4 major in 4
11. CCl
Biological Science at Negros Oriental State University in
2. Ba(NO 3)2 7. CaSO 4 12. H 3PO4
3. Ca(OH)2 8. N2Cl7 13. N2O5
2016. She was also a DOST-SEI
4. AgNO3scholar under
9. NO 5 R.A.14.No.
NiO
10612. 5. Li 2SO4 10. HCl 15. NaCH3COO

Activity 2
1. Copper (II) sulfate 9. Phosphorus pentachloride
MARIA CRISTINA M. SALASALAN 2. Magnesium
3. Ammonium sulfate
is a graduate
nitrate 10. of
Dichlorine heptoxide
11. Sodium hypochlorite
Bachelor of Science in Nursing from
4. Barium sulfate Jose Rizal Memorial
12. Carbon monoxide
State University in 2010. Finished
5. Iron (III)Continuing
oxide
6. Potassium iodide
Professional
13. Magnesium bromide
14. Lithium carbonate
Education (CPE) at Villaflores College
7. Iron (II) sulfide in 2015. Finished
15. Sodium thiocyanate
her Complete Academic Requirement for Master of
8. Nickel (II) chloride

Arts in Science Teaching at Negros Oriental State

Evaluation/Post-Test
University. Currently working
1. c
2. c
6. cat
7. c
Department
11. c
12. b
16. d
17. a
of
Education, as teacher II, connected
3. c 8. a at
13. bCrisostomo
18. b O.
Retes National High School Senior
4. b
5. b
9. cHigh.
10. d
14. c
15. d
19. b
20. a

15 NegOr_Q1_GenChem1-12_SLK Week4_v2