Physics 1: Quarter 1 - Module 1: Measurements and Uncertainties/Vector and Scalar Quantities
Physics 1: Quarter 1 - Module 1: Measurements and Uncertainties/Vector and Scalar Quantities
Physics 1: Quarter 1 - Module 1: Measurements and Uncertainties/Vector and Scalar Quantities
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Measurements and
Uncertainties/Vector and Scalar
Quantities
Physics 1
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1: Measurements and Uncertainties/Scalar and Vector Quantities
First Edition, 2020
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This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their
personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.
This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.
In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of the
module:
As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module. You
also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their
own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as
they do the tasks included in the module.
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For the learner:
The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
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capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at
your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!
This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.
What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.
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lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.
1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate
to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.
We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!
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What I Need to Know
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you master
the concepts and principles of measurements and uncertainties. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
What’s In
Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. What is the correct conversion of units of 355,600,000 m in gigameter (Gm)?
a. 355.6 Gm
b. 0.3556 Gm
c. 3556 Gm
d. 35.56 Gm
2. Which of the following quantities is NOT a fundamental quantity?
a. speed
b. time
c. temperature
d. length
3. How many minutes are there in 600 seconds?
a. 60 minutes
b. 10 minutes
c. 15 minutes
d. 6 minutes
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4. What is the standard unit of mass (SI)?
a. Kilogram (Kg)
b. Milligram (mg)
c. Pound (lbs.)
d. Gram (g)
5. What do you call the error in measurements, which is caused by using a
measuring instrument that is not accurately calibrated?
a. True error
b. Uncertainty
c. Systematic error
d. Random error
6. The measurements of the height of the box is 0.256m, 0.258m and 0.257m,
what is the data given based on the concept and principle of accuracy and
precision in measurement when the true value of measurement is 0.257?
a. Low accuracy
b. High precision
c. High precision and accuracy
d. Low precision and accuracy
7. What is the product when the numbers 1.234 cm and 2.33 cm are multiplied
following the rules of significant figures?
a. 2.87522 cm
b. 2.875 cm
c. 2.8752 cm
d. 2.88 cm
8. What is the resultant displacement of the student who need to walk to
his first class 500 m west, 200 m south and 100 m east?
A. 447.21 m E
B. 447,21 m SW
C. 447.21 m W
D. 447.21 m S
9. What is the technique in vectors addition using components to find the
resultant?
A. Directly add the x and y components
B. Add first all the x component and then all the y component
C. Add all the x component to find the resultant at x component
D. Add all the y component to find the resultant at y component
10. What is the magnitude of the vector quantity when the arrow is pointed
downward in the Cartesian plane?
A. Positive
B. Negative
C. South
D. North
Lesson
Conversion of Units, Scientific
1 Notation, Accuracy and Precision
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What’s In
Before can proceed to the first lesson. Let us see if you can identify the type of
quantity listed in the table below. You write FQ if the quantity is a fundamental
quantity and DQ if it is a derived quantity.
Quantities Type of Quantity (FQ/DQ)
1. Mass
2. Density
3. Length
4. Speed
5. Time
What’s New
You can think of the conversion of units, simply by changing the unit of measure to
another unit of measure while the scientific notations as a way of converting large
numbers into a simpler one.
Let us try this!
Activity 1.1
On the Column A of table below, there are information that you have to validate if it is
correct or not. Put a ✓or X mark on the Column B for your responses. If the content of
the item is wrong you must be able to correct it.
Column A Column B
1. (4.2 x 103)(5.23 x 105) = 21.97 x 108
2. 60 °C = 140 °F
3. 1 km = 1000cm
4. 56700000 = 5.67 x 107
5. 2m2 = 20,000 cm2
What is It
Conversion of Units
The conversion of units we are using today is known as the International System of
Units (SI). This system of units uses the standard units of measure for the
fundamental and derived quantities.
Activity 1.2: Conversion of units
Perform this activity about conversion of units. Give the correct answer on the
following items. Use a separate sheet of paper.
Let us try this!
1. Can you convert 200 °F to Celsius?
2. Can you convert 500 in to meter?
3. What is the equivalent of 4000mg in kilograms?
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What’s More
1. _______________ units can be used for fundamental and derived quantities using
the power 10 or conversion factors.
2. ___________ is pertaining to how close a measured quantity to the true value.
3. ___________ is pertaining to how close each repeated measure to each other.
4. A measured quantity that is closed to the true value has a _______________.
5. A repeated measurement with values that are not close to each other has a
_____________.
What I Can Do
You can now apply the concepts and principles of Conversion of Units and
Scientific Notation
In this activity, you must apply the concepts and principles about conversion of units
and scientific notation. Use a separate sheet of paper
Let us try this!
1. (3.20 x 104)(2.2 x 106) = (express your answer with significant figures)
2.6 x 104
2. 34 x 105 - 0.21 x 107 = (express your answer with significant figures)
Assessment
True or False. Write T if the statement is correct and F it the statement is false.
_____ 1. A ruler can be used to measure the volume of any regular object.
_____ 2. A weighing scale that cannot be calibrated is expected to have high precision
and accuracy.
_____ 3. A three-trial measurement with data that are close to one another has high
accuracy.
_____ 4. A faulty voltmeter can give you an accurate value.
_____ 5. A DNA test is using a high accuracy level of measurement.
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Additional Activities
On this part, you are going to apply what you have learned.
Let us try this!
Measuring the mass of one kilo of rice you bought from the market using three
different weigh scales (Mechanical, Digital and Timbangan ng Bayan).
Note: You have to measure the mass of a kilo of rice in two different weighing scales
then compare to the calibrated weighing scale provided by the barangay or what we
call “Timbangan ng Bayan.”
What’s In
You could imagine, whenever you do measurement, there is always an error. That is
why, it would be better if you will have more reasonable sets of measurement for you
to have much better precision.
What’s New
The measurement errors are classified into three types which are called the true
errors, random errors and systematic errors. These types of errors are often
encountered every time measurement of quantities are conducted.
Let us try this!
Activity 2.1: Types of Error
You must be able to identify the type of error based on the situation given. On the
columns for responses, put a check ✓ mark on the type of error.
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TYPES OF ERROR
SITUATION
True Random Systematic
1. The transcription of measured quantity on the
record book is wrong.
2. The estimate of uncertainty value is needed to get
the minimum uncertainty of measurement.
3. The mechanical clock is always adjusted so that it
will encompass with the real time.
4. The driver was caught for over speeding because the
speedometer of the car is not working.
What is It
In statistics, it is an acceptable idea that the more measurements conducted the closer
the mean of the sample values to the true mean of the distribution. Likewise, it is also
said that the bigger the sample size the better.
Activity 2.2: Solving for the mean
Let us try this!
The entry in the table below is measured in centimeter (cm)
A B C D
2.5 3.4 4.3 1.2
4.4 2.5 7.6 5.4
2.6 7.1 3.7 3.5
4.2 3.1 1.8 2.1
Mean A = _____ Mean B = _____ Mean C = _____ Mean D = _____
What’s More
Activity 2.3: Solving for the standard deviation of sample and Standard
Deviation of the Mean
Let us do this!
The standard deviation of the sample mean (SDOM) also known as the “standard
error” explains that the larger the sample size the and the smaller the standard
deviation of the mean results to the smaller “standard error.”
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What I Can Do
You can now apply the concepts and principles of Random Error and Systematic
Error.
(X - ) (X - )2 B (X - ) (X - )2
2.1 1.1
3.4 2.1
2.6 7.0
4.2 3.1
5.7 4.9
1.5 1.3
= Σ(X - )2= = Σ(X - )2=
( X i−X ) ( X i−X )
2 2
s2 = s2 =
N −1 N −1
Standard Deviation (S) = Standard Deviation (S) =
SDOM = S = SDOM = S =
√N √N
Let us do this!
Rearrange the information that are appropriate to each type of measurement. Write
the correct arrangement by choosing only the letter on the table B.
Table A
True error Random Error Systematic Error
A. Uncalibrated measuring G. Individual measurement
D. Mistake in reading the scale
device close to one another
B. Lack of alertness in setting
E. Repeated measurements H. Related to precision
and stopping of timer
C. Erased scales of F. Manipulating the
I. Malfunction wall clock
measurement experimental measurement
Note: Copy the format of the table below on a separate sheet of paper, and then write only the letter on
each respective column.
Assessment
True or False. Write T if the statement is correct and F it the statement is false.
_____ 1. It is enough to solve for the mean of the set of measurement in order to decide
that it has high or low precision.
_____ 2. The larger the observation the bigger the standard deviation
_____ 3. The smaller the standard deviation and the larger the number of observations,
the smaller the standard error.
_____ 4. A true error is committed when measurement is affected by unknown or
unpredicted changes in the experiment.
_____ 5. A systematic error committed when a weighing scale is working better on
objects with smaller mass but with issues on object with bigger mass.
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Additional Activities
Let us do this!
On this part, you are going to apply what you have learned.
Note: You have to solve for the following and show you solution.
1. Squared of the deviation
2. Summation of the squared of deviation
3. Variance
4. Standard deviation of sample
5. Standard deviation of the mean (SDOM)
What’s In
Perform this activity about scalars and vectors. Give the correct answer on the
following items.
Let us try this!
You write scalar or vector on the column for your answer:
A B C D
2.5 3.4 4.3 1.2
4.4 2.5 7.6 5.4
2.6 7.1 3.7 3.5
4.2 3.1 1.8 2.1
Quantities Scalar/Vector
1. 49 N
2. -7 m x-axis
3. 10 m/s E
4. 150 km/h
5. 10 m/s2
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What’s New
What is It
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The car travels 100 km east and turns back by travelling 3 km west. From the
illustration below, you could immediately tell the displacement of the car, which is
-2 km, the negative sign means that the end of the destination is at the second
quadrant.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cartesian-coordinate-system_Oxy.svg
You can notice that the plane of orientation of the vector is one-dimensional.
Therefore, the formula R = A + B or A + (-B) can be used to solve this problem and the
answer is just the same, -2 Km.
Strategy II: Using Graphical and Measuring Instruments for Three Vectors
Sample Problem 2:
The car travels 250 km west and turns south by travelling 1 km and then, it turns to
southeast direction. With this problem, you need to use a ruler to measure the
displacement of the car using the scale of measure, which is 1 cm = 50 km. When it
involves angle, you just need to get a protractor and then align it to the x-axis and
locate the 45°. Now, once you have the angle you can trace the displacement 50 km =
1cm using your ruler. Afterwards, when you have traced all the values of displacement
up to the end point, the last thing you will do is to measure the net displacement
from the starting or reference point to the end point.
N
Scale: 1 cm = 50 km
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Sample Problem 1: Addition of Two Vectors
A construction worker pulls a load of coco-lumber on a cart with a 50 N force directed
at 35° above horizontal. Calculate the vertical and horizontal component of the force.
Fy = F sin θ = 50 N (sin 35°) = 28 N
Fx = F cos θ = 50 N (cos 35°) = 41 N
FR = √(Fx)2 + (Fy)2 F=50N
FR = √(41 N) + (28 N)
2 2 Fy?
35°
FR = √1681 N + 784 N
2 2
FR = √2465 N2 Fx?
FR = 49.6 N round off 50 N
What’s More
1. Arrows are frequently used in tracing the direction of vectors that has the
_____________ and _______________.
2. A vector quantity that travels in one plane of orientation is called _____________.
3. A graphical representation of vector uses _______________ to indicate direction.
4. It needs the _____________ to solve for the magnitude and direction of vector
quantity that involves angle.
5. The x component of vector quantity is positive when it is pointed to the ___________.
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What I Can Do
You can now apply the concepts and principles of addition of vectors through
graphical representation.
Let us do this!
In this activity, you only have three choices: You will only write the letter of you
answer on the second column.
A – dR = A + B or dR = A + (-B)
B – c2 = a2 + b2
C – Ruler and protractor
Problem/Situation Answer
1. The motor cycle was chased by the police car for a traffic violation. Form the
reference point, the motor cycle travels 3 km east, and then it travels 4 km
north until it was cornered by the police mobile when it turns 25° northeast
while travelling a distance of 1 km.
2. There is a nearby grocery store which is 1 km west away from home. Early
morning, I go to the store to buy bath soap, when I was at a distance of 300
m, I remember my money was left. If I will go back home, what is my
resultant displacement?
3. A man was walking toward the market which 500 m south away from his
home. After he bought the goods, he remembered that he has to visit his
grandmother nearby which is 300 m from the market. What is the resultant
displacement?
4. A construction worker has to travel 3km north and 2 km east until he could
reach his work place.
5. A grab car driver has to travel 200 m west before the client canceled the deal.
When he was at 250 m west from where he started another client book a
deal at a distance of 600 m.
Assessment
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ASSESSMENT What I Have Learned
1. T 1. Standard
2. F 2. Accuracy
3. F 3. Precision
4. F 4. High Accuracy
5. T 5. Low Precision
What I Can Do What’s New What I Know
1. 2.7 x 10-6 1. X 1. B
2. 0.13 x 107 2. ✓ 2. A
3. B
3. X
4. A
4. ✓ 5. C
What’s More 5. ✓ 6. C
1. 4.6 x 104 7. D
2. 1.54 8. B
3. 5.44 x 10-1 9. B
What’s In 10. B
1. FQ
What Is It 2. DQ
Activity 1.2A 3. FQ
1. 93.33 °C 4. DQ
2. 12.7 m 5. FQ
3. 0.0004 kg
Lesson 1
Answer Key
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What I Can Do Assessment What I Can Do
Systematic Error B. True or False Random Error
1. I 1. F 1. E
2. C 2. F 2. H
3. A 3. F 3. G
4. T
5. T What I Can Do
What I Have True Error
Learned 1. B
1. True, random and What’s More 2. F
systematic Set A 3. D
2. Systematic Error Mean = 3.25
3. Eliminated, SD = 1.57
minimized SDOM = 0.64 What’s In
4. Zero Set B (In any order)
5. Precision Mean= 3.25 1. Mean
SD = 2.30 2. Accuracy
SDOM = 0.94 3. Precise
4. Ruler
What Is It 5. Timer
Mean 6. Error
What’s New 7. Estimate
A. 3.58 1. True Error
B. 4.08 8. Systematic
2. Random Error 9. Uncertainty
C. 3.92 3. Systematic Error
D. 3.23 10. Weighing Scale
4. Systematic Error
Lesson 2
Lesson 3
Negative 6.
Scalar 5. km
Negative 5.
Scalar 4. Positive 4. Final Answer = 346.4
Vector 3.
Negative 3.
Vector 2. Problem 1
Negative 2.
Scalar 1.
Positive 1.
What Is It
(In any order)
What’s In What’s New
or –X axis
5. right 24° below either +X
component Final Answer = 460 N
A 5. 4. X and y
B 4. 3. Arrow Problem Set A
A 3. 2. One dimension km W
A 2. 1. Head & Tail Final Answer = 9.8
C 1. Learned Problem Set A
What I Can Do What I Have What’s More
T 5.
T 4.
T 3.
T 2.
F 1.
Assessment
References
Heuvelen, Alan V. PHYSICS: A General Introduction, 1986. Little, Brown and Company,
Canada, pp. 4-5.
Hawkes, R., Iqbal, J., Mansour F., Milner-Bolotin, M. and Willliams, R. PHYSICS FOR
SCIENTISTS AND ENGINEERS: An Interactive Approach, 2014. Nelson Education Ltd.,
United States of America, pp. 3-8.
Halliday, D., Resnick, R., Walker, J. FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS 8 th Ed., 2008,
John Wiley and Sons, Inc. United States of America, pp. 2-9
Internet Source:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cartesian-coordinate-system_Oxy.svg
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