ANDRY P.

SISON III BSED ENGLISH B DEC 8,2022

APRIL ROSE MORANAS III BSED ENGLISH B

EL 104 LANGUAGE PROGRAMS AND POLICIES IN MULTINGUAL SOCIETIES

CONCEPTS OF LANGUAGE POLICY

LANGUAGE POLICY

 Language policy is what a government does formally by legislation, judicial rulings, or policy to
control how languages are used, foster language proficiency necessary to accomplish national
priorities, or define the rights of specific people or groups to use and preserve their native
tongues. An easy way to describe language policy is as the exercise of power over language.
These applications could involve linguistic ideologies (beliefs and attitudes), language
management, or broadly understanding a language to include its speakers and its environment.
The objectives of language policy typically extend beyond language policy and attempt to
promote social transformation, competitiveness, etc. (or the access to power, resources,
security, information, entertainment, etc.)

 According to Kaplan and Balduf (1997) "A language policy is a body of ideas, laws, regulations,
rules and practices intended to achieve the planned language change in the societies, group or
system.”
 Spolsky (2004) defines language policy as the language procedures, practices, beliefs and
organizational preferences of a society. He also pointed its three major components: Language
practice, beliefs/ideology and management.

THE THREE MAJOR COMPONENTS OF LANGUAGE POLICY

 Language Practices are the observable behavior of people and what language do they often use
and how do they use this certain kind of language.

 Language Beliefs/Ideology are what people think or believe about a certain language. It also
refers to the reason why a certain language was chosen.

 Language Management is all about creating a policy to be implemented towards language use.

LANGUAGE PLANNING

Language planning describes the actions made by government organizations to affect the use of one
or more languages in a certain speech community. Language planning is described as "the authoritative
allocation of resources to the attainment of language status and corpus goals, whether in connection
with new functions that are aspired to or in connection with existing functions that need to be carried
out more effectively" by American linguist Joshua Fishman (1987). Four major types of language
planning are status planning (about the social standing of a language), corpus planning (the structure of
a language), language-in-education planning (learning), and prestige planning (image). Language
planning may occur at the macro-level (the state) or the micro-level (the community).
FOUR TYPES OF LANGUAGE PLANNING

 Corpus planning creates new words and expressions or change the old one’s to have a new
meaning
 Status planning wants to change the way how language is use

 Acquisition planning sets requirements for learning language, such as identifying a curriculum
to teach country’s national language.

 Prestige Planning promotes the image of a language to be accepted by users of a specific

language.

GOALS OF LANGUAGE POLICY

 To sustain, reinforce and expand our local languages and to provide the foundation skills for
acquisition of English and other international languages.

 To allow children develop a sense of identity

 To allow us develop a literacy in local and national language.

PURPOSE OF LANGUAGE POLICY

 Language Policy provides a common understanding of aims and objectives of language learning.

LANGUAGE POLICIES ACROSS THE ASEAN

 ASEAN’S working language is English that is according to Article 34 of the ASEAN charter. The
English language was chosen because of its wide spread usage across the ASEAN countries like
Philippines and Singapore.

LANGUAGE POLICY IN THE PHILIPPINES

 MTB-MLE (Mother Tongue Base Multilingual Education) (Deped order 16, s 2012) shall be
implemented in all public schools specifically in kindergarten, Grade 1,2 and 3. This policy seeks
to maintain the Philippine cultural wealth as well as to build the necessary cognitive and
reasoning abilities for kids to function equally in their home tongue with a transition to Filipino
and ultimately English.

LANGUAGE POLICY IN SINGAPORE

 Bilingual Policy (1966) All students in public are required to study both English and a mother
tongue from the early years of primary education through the secondary level. The main goal of
this policy was for citizens to gain access to knowledge of the West via English and to understand
themselves via their mother tongue.

LANGUAGE POLICY IN VIETNAM

  MTBBE POLICY (Education law 2005 Article 7) The government creates conditions for ethnic
minorities to learn their spoken and written languages in order to promote the cultures and to
enable EM students to learn in school and other institutions.

LANGUAGE POLICY IN THAILAND

 National Language Policy (NLP 2010) It is the policy of the government to promote bilingual or
multilingual education for the youth of ethnic groups whose mother tongue is different from the
national language.

LANGUAGE POLICY IN MALAYSIA (MBMMBI POLICY 2011)

 (MBMMBI POLICY 2011) In primary level, Malay language is used as the MOI at the national
schools, the Chinese language at Chinese national-type schools and the Tamil language at Tamil
national-type schools.

REFERENCES:

 LANGUAGE POLICY

 LANGUAGE POLICY IN A NUTSHELL

https://www.integrationresearch.net/language-policy.html#/

 Guagua National College (2022) 5 EL 104 – Language Policy, What is it and What it can do
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/guagua-national-colleges/education/5-el-104-
language-policy-what-is-it-and-what-it-can-do/22957900

 Language Policy for an Organization

https://multi-languages.com/language-policy-organization-2/#:~:text=The%20definition%20that
%20best%20describes,societies%2C%20group%20or%20system%E2%80%9D

 Bernard Spolsky (2007) International Journal of Applied Linguistics Language Policy

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229695499_Language_Policy#:~:text=According
%20to%20Spolsky%20(2004)%20language,organizational%20preferences%20of%20a
%20society.

 THE THREE MAJOR COMPONENTS OF LANGUAGE POLICY

 Elana Shohamy (2009) Language Policy According to Spolsky (2004)

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Language-policy-according-to-Spolsky-
2004_fig1_262457892

 LANGUAGE PLANNING
 LANGUAGE PLANNING
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-011-4535-0_2

 TYPES OF LANGUAGE POLICY

 MTB-MLE (2021) CONCEPT CLARIFICATION, LANGUAGE POLICY, OFFICIAL AND NATIONAL
LANGUAGES, LANGUAGE OF INSTRUCTION
 https://youtu.be/_pz2ml2Gt-E

 GOALS OF LANGUAGE POLICY

 Guagua National College (2022) 5 EL 104 – Language Policy, What is it and What it can do
 https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/guagua-national-colleges/education/5-el-104-
language-policy-what-is-it-and-what-it-can-do/22957900

 LANGUAGE POLICY ACROSS THE ASEAN

 Noremay Perez (2019) Summary Of Language Policies In Five Selected South East Asian
Countries
 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Summary-of-Language-Policies-in-Five-Selected-
Southeast-Asian-Countries_fig1_346656573