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    Anatomy and Physiology Lecture Assignment (Skeletal System)

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    Destined Ubaldo
    The skeletal system functions to protect internal organs by surrounding them with bones such as the cranium protecting the brain. It also provides structure, allows movement through leveraged muscles, stores minerals, and enables blood cell formation. The basic functional unit of compact bone is the osteon, which is made of concentric bone tissue surrounding a central canal. Compact bone is dense while spongy bone has a porous structure. Parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels. The skeletal system divides into the axial skeleton along the body axis and appendicular skeleton of the limbs. There are four bone types: long in the arms/legs, short in wrists/ankles, flat like ribs, and irregular bones like vertebrae.

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    Anatomy and Physiology Lecture Assignment (Skeletal System)

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    Destined Ubaldo
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    The skeletal system functions to protect internal organs by surrounding them with bones such as the cranium protecting the brain. It also provides structure, allows movement through leveraged muscles, stores minerals, and enables blood cell formation. The basic functional unit of compact bone is the osteon, which is made of concentric bone tissue surrounding a central canal. Compact bone is dense while spongy bone has a porous structure. Parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels. The skeletal system divides into the axial skeleton along the body axis and appendicular skeleton of the limbs. There are four bone types: long in the arms/legs, short in wrists/ankles, flat like ribs, and irregular bones like vertebrae.

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    The skeletal system functions to protect internal organs by surrounding them with bones such as the cranium protecting the brain. It also provides structure, allows movement through leveraged muscles, stores minerals, and enables blood cell formation. The basic functional unit of compact bone is the osteon, which is made of concentric bone tissue surrounding a central canal. Compact bone is dense while spongy bone has a porous structure. Parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels. The skeletal system divides into the axial skeleton along the body axis and appendicular skeleton of the limbs. There are four bone types: long in the arms/legs, short in wrists/ankles, flat like ribs, and irregular bones like vertebrae.

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    35 views4 pages

    Anatomy and Physiology Lecture Assignment (Skeletal System)

    Uploaded by

    Destined Ubaldo
    The skeletal system functions to protect internal organs by surrounding them with bones such as the cranium protecting the brain. It also provides structure, allows movement through leveraged muscles, stores minerals, and enables blood cell formation. The basic functional unit of compact bone is the osteon, which is made of concentric bone tissue surrounding a central canal. Compact bone is dense while spongy bone has a porous structure. Parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels. The skeletal system divides into the axial skeleton along the body axis and appendicular skeleton of the limbs. There are four bone types: long in the arms/legs, short in wrists/ankles, flat like ribs, and irregular bones like vertebrae.

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    of 4

    ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY LECTURE

    ASSIGNMENT (SKELETAL SYSTEM)

    1. How does the skeletal system function to protect the body? Give a few examples.
     The skeletal system is our body’s central framework. It consists of bones
    and connective tissue, including cartilage, tendons, and ligaments. It’s also
    called the musculoskeletal system. The main function of these bones is to
    protect the internal organs and reduce the risk of injury on impact. For
    example, the cranium protects the brain, the ribs protect the heart, and the
    pelvis protects our sensitive reproductive organs.

    2. In addition to providing structure and protection, what other functions does the
    skeletal system perform?
     Aside from providing structure and protection, the skeletal system performs
    several important body functions:
    Support – Bones, the “steel girders” and “reinforced concrete” of
    the body, form the internal framework that supports the body and
    cradles its soft organs.
    Allow movement – Skeletal muscles, attached to bones by
    tendons, use the bones as levers to move the body and its parts.
    As a result, we can breathe, walk, swim, and throw a ball.
    Storage – Fat is stored in the internal (marrow) cavities of bones.
    The bone itself serves as a storehouse for minerals, the most
    important of which are calcium and phosphorus.
    Blood cell formation – Blood cell formation, or hematopoiesis,
    occurs within the marrow cavities of certain bones.
    3. What is the basic functional unit of compact bone?
     The osteon is the main functional unit of the compact bone and is
    composed of numerous concentric circles of tissue called lamellae. In the
    center of the osteon will be the osteonic canal which is home to many blood
    vessels and nerve fibers.

    4. What are some differences between spongy and compact bone?


     Compact bone, also called cortical bone, is dense and looks smooth and
    homogenous, and is present in the outer layer of long bones whereas
    spongy bone, also called cancellous or trabecular bone, has a spiky,
    open appearance like a sponge, and is present in the middle of the long
    bones.

    5. What glands are responsible for secreting hormones that maintain calcium
    homeostasis?
     Parathyroid hormone is secreted from four parathyroid glands, which are
    small glands in the neck, located behind the thyroid gland. Parathyroid
    hormone regulates calcium levels in the blood, largely by increasing the
    levels when they are too low.

    6. What are the two divisions of the skeletal system?


     The skeleton is divided into two parts:
    Axial Skeleton – the bones that form the longitudinal axis of the
    body. It serves to protect the brain, spinal cord, heart, and lungs. It
    also serves as the attachment site for muscles that move the head,
    neck, and back, and for muscles that act across the shoulder and hip
    joints to move their corresponding limbs.
    Appendicular Skeleton – the bones of the limbs and girdles that
    attach them to axial skeleton joints give these parts of the skeleton
    flexibility and allow movement to occur.
    7. What are the different types of bones? Define each.
     There are four different types of bone in the human body:
    Long bone – has a long, thin shape. Examples include the bones of
    the arms and legs (excluding the wrists, ankles, and kneecaps). With the
    help of muscles, long bones work as levers to permit movement.
    Short bone – has a squat, cubed shape. Examples include the
    bones that make up the wrists and the ankles.
    Flat bone – has a flattened, broad surface. Examples include ribs,
    shoulder blades, breastbone, and skull bones.
    Irregular bone – has a shape that does not conform to the above
    three types. Examples include the bones of the spine (vertebrae).

    bsb2022
    References

    Better Health. (2012). Bones. Vic.gov.au.


    https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/bones
    Biga, L. M., Dawson, S., Harwell, A., Hopkins, R., Kaufmann, J., LeMaster, M.,
    Matern, P., Morrison-Graham, K., Quick, D., & Runyeon, J. (2019). 7.1 Divisions of
    the Skeletal System. Oregonstate.education; OpenStax/Oregon State University.
    https://open.oregonstate.education/aandp/chapter/7-1-divisions-of-the-skeletal-
    system/
    Cleveland Clinic. (2019, November 19). Skeletal System. Cleveland Clinic.
    https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21048-skeletal-system
    Society for Endocrinology. (2018). Parathyroid hormone | You and Your Hormones
    from the Society for Endocrinology. Yourhormones.info.
    https://www.yourhormones.info/hormones/parathyroid-hormone/
    The main functions of the skeletal system - Skeletal system - OCR - GCSE Physical
    Education Revision - OCR. (n.d.). BBC Bitesize.
    https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zxc34j6/revision/2#:~:text=Protection%20%E2
    %80%93%20the%20bones%20of%20the
    (2022). Study.com. https://homework.study.com/explanation/the-basic-functional-
    unit-of-compact-bone-is-the-a-osteoblast-b-osteon-c-osteoclast-d-osteocyte.html

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