La Carlota City College

La Carlota City, Negros Occidental

The Effect of Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ) on the Growth of Peanut Crop

A RESEARCH STUDY PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE AGRICULTURAL

DEPARTMENT LA CARLOTA CITY COLLEGE

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE BACHELOR OF SCIENCE

IN AGRICULTURE MAJOR IN AGRONOMY

AUGUST 02, 2023

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Submitted By:

Ballente, Daffodil R.

Cahilig, Raphy

Calimutan, Jherla Mae M.

Camarines, Cherry

Malicse, Eron R.

Pedrosa, Krichel Anne

Pio, Heinz Vincent C.

Vegafria, Clyde Vincent S.

Submitted To: MR. ANDRO T. BARAQUIA

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Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) are a legume that originated in South America. They go

by a variety of names, such as groundnuts, earthnuts, and goobers. Despite their name,

peanuts are unrelated to tree nuts. As a legume, they’re related to beans, lentils, and soy. It

is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, important to both small and large

commercial producers. It is classified as both a grain legume and, due to its high oil content,

an oil crop. Peanuts are consumed all over the world in a wide variety of forms, most of

which are traditional cuisine. Peanut farming in the Philippines is a thriving and profitable

agricultural business. Before planting, farmers consider the seeds, soil, and water. The top

producing region of peanuts in the Philippines is Luzon that has an 80% of total peanut

production. Globally, peanut is the 13 th most important food crop and the annual world

production of shelled peanut in 2016 was 44 million tons. (Miguel-Angel Perea-Moreno)

Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ) is a fermented extract of a plant’s sap and chlorophyll’s.

It is a rich enzyme solution full of microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria and yeast

that invigorates plants and animals. FPJ is used for crop treatments. Through drenching the

soil with the solution or by directly spraying it onto fruits and flowers, this fertilizer allows

plants to improve their health and helps them grow vigorously. FPJ consist different types

of plants that are allowed to ferment for approximately 7 days with the help of molasses or

brown sugar.(Ellaine Kryss Hubilla)

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The benefits of Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ) to peanut crop is it provides more

nitrogen, that’s why it is easy for peanut crop to photosynthesize. Fermented Plant Juice

has phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium. Phosphorus is needed for good root

development. Potassium is needed for flower and fruit setting. Calcium strengthens the cell

walls of a plant making it sturdy. It also prevents fruits and flowers from falling off the

plant. Magnesium helps keep the foliage green, thus helping in the photosynthesis process.

It also increases the nutrient absorption of the plant. (Sherwin Anthony)

The Objectives of the Study

1. To determine the effect of Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ) to Peanut crop in terms of

growth performance

2. To know how to properly use the Fermented Plant Juice to Peanut crop

3. To compare the growth performance of peanut crop in Plot A to Plot B

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The study focuses on the effect of FPJ on the growth of peanut crops of Agriculture

2-A of La Carlota City College in Brgy. La Granja Prk. 15, La Carlota City. The data collection

will be conducted on two plots that consist of 125 holes each. This study will not cover any

other problems that are not related to the effect of FPJ on the growth of the peanut crop.

Each plot has been given the same amount of seeds to be planted.
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Importance of the Study

This study is conducted to determine the effects of Fermented Plant Juice to peanut

crop. This may benefit the agriculture students who may undertaking similar study as their

guide regarding to Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ). To the teachers, especially the newbie who

may need a guide to tackle a lesson that related to this study. Lastly to the farmers, this

study would bring a big impact as they learn new methods and techniques on how to

properly make and use the fermented plant juice (FPJ) to plant especially to peanut crops.
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Definition of Terms

Ferment- this refers to the process in which a substance breaks down into a simpler

substance.

Seeds- this refers to a flowering plant’s unit of reproduction, capable of developing into

another such plant.

Growth- this refers to the act or process, or a manner of growing; development; gradual

increase.

Plowed- this refers to having had the earth turned up with a plow, especially before sowing.

Uprooting- this refers to pull (something, especially a tree or plant) out of the ground.
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Chapter II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Fermented plant juice provides more nitrogen to plants and enhances the ability of

plants to photosynthesize better. It also gives additional phosphorus and helps plants

absorb more phosphorus from the soil. Hence, the use of FPJ Could promote vegetative

growth and increase the volume and size of crops.(Racoma, Avelino Detorio and Beato and

Lolita Lovino. Laguna State Polytechnic University, L. De Leon Street, Siniloan Laguna,

Philippine).

Fermented Plant Juice, it consists the young shoots of vigorously growing plants that

are allowed to ferment for approximately 7 days with the aid of brown sugar. The brown

sugar draws the juices out of the plant material via osmosis and also serves as a food

source for the microbes carrying out the fermentation process. The weak alcohol produced

during fermentation extracts chlorophyll (soluble in ethanol) and other plant components.

(Han Kyu Cho, Janong Natural Farming Institute in South Korea)

FPJ is an organic concoction made from plant material, preferably young shoots of

vigorously growing plants, which are made to ferment with the aid of molasses or brown

sugar. The molasses or brown sugar serves as a food source for the beneficial

microorganism, sometimes called indigenous microorganisms or IMO, which in turn breaks

down the plant material to extract precious nutrients. The weak alcohol produced during

fermentation extracts chlorophyll and other plant components such as growth hormones.

(Sherwin Anthony)
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Dilute at a ratio of 1:500, 1:800 or 1:1,000. This translates to 4-8ml of FPJ per gallon

of water. It’s powerful! You can always add more, you can never add less. (Connor

Gilmartin, apprentice 2022).

FPJ can be applied as a soil drench (diluted in a watering can or other water

dispersal system) or as a foliar spray. Apply the solution once a week or so, no more than

once a week. Try and apply FPJ’s that were prepared using biomass that was collected at a

similar stage of the plant’s growth cycle to the ones you’re feeding. For example, use a light

dilution of young mugwort FPJ for young plants, and use an FFJ of unripe, green fruit when

those plants are beginning to enter their reproductive stage of development.(By Connor

Gilmartin, apprentice 2022).

For application, mix two tablespoons of FPJ in every liter of water and spray it on

the plants every 10 days for best results. This natural fertilizers promote plant growth. Not

only can they deliver good results, but can also help gardeners save up on store-bought,

synthetic fertilizer that can harm the garden, the grower, and the consumers. (Vina

Medenilla)

Globally, peanut is the 13 th most important food crop with 50% of it is used as raw

material for the manufacture of peanut oil, 37% for confectionery, and 12% for seed

purposes. The vegetative part of peanut is excellent hay for feeding livestock because it is

rich in protein and has better palatability and digestibility than other fodders. (Philippine

Department of Agriculture)
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According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) statistical yearbook in

2016, the production of peanuts was 43,982,066 t, produced in 27,660,802 hectares.

Peanuts are grown mainly in Asia, with a global production rate of 65.3%, followed by

Africa with 26.2%, the Americas with 8.4%, and Oceania with 0.1%.

According to Business diary PH when planting of peanut dig trenches about 50-60

cm apart if the variety of peanut is bunchy, and 70-80 cm apart if the variety spreads. If

other crops will be planted together with the peanuts, make the distance one meter apart.

Peanut harvest time is 90 to 110 days after planting for boiling types and 130 to 150

days after planting for roasting varieties. The peanuts should nearly fill the pods. If the

interior of the pod is dark in color, the peanuts are over mature for boiling but are still good

for dry roasting. Harvest peanuts immediately if the plants have lost most of their leaves or

the hulls don’t have a firm attachment to the plant. (Jackie Carroll)

Peanut crop requires 120 to 130 frost-free days to reach harvest. Harvesting the

peanut is like that of any root crop– the peanut must be dug out when ripe. Usually, the

whole plant is lifted with peanuts attached. The fruits are then cured and dried. (Stephen

Albert)
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Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

Materials, Tools and Supplies

The materials and equipment that are being used in making Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ)

are the following:

 1 kilo of banana trunks

 1 kilo of molasses

 1 small bucket

 Knife

 Plastic bottles

 Manila paper

 Packing tape and

 Marker

The tools that are being used in preparing and planting of peanuts are the following:

 Shovel

 Spade

 Hand trowel
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Test Crop

The crop that are being planted on the experimental area is peanut crop with a registration

number of NSIC Pn19.

NSIC Registration Year Approved Variety Name Owner/Breeder

Number

NSIC 2015 Pn19 2015 ICGV 96176 DA-CVIARC

Varietal Characteristics

100-seedwt. Days to Plant Height Shelling

Yield (t/ha)
(g) mature (cm) Percentage (%)

DS WS DS WS DS WS DS WS DS WS

1.85 194 57.7 54.6 105 107 48.00 70.00 72.00 73.00

Experimental Design

This research study uses a quantitative approach because the majority of the data that has

been collected is statistical data. The researcher used two plots to compare the application

of experimental treatment, whereas experimental treatment (FPJ) is being applied to plot

A, while in plot B there’s none. The differences between each plot will be evident in the

growth of the peanut crop and will be evaluated by comparing the height and number of

leaves of the two plots.

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Experimental Lay-Out

16.75 meters

PLOT B

34 meters

0.5 meter

16.75 meters

PLOT A

3 meters width
Plot Size
Plot A has a size of 16.75 meters in length and 3 meters in width, the same as plot B. The

total plot size of both plots A and B is 3 meters in width and 34 meters in length, including

the 0.5-meter space in the center that separates the two plots.

Treatments

Plot A – with treatment

Plot B – without treatment

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Land Preparation

The experimental area was being prepared before planting. On May 26, 2023, the

experimental area was distributed to each group. On June 12, 2023, until June 20, 2023, the

field was being plowed and harrowed to allow organic materials to decompose, pulverize

the soil, and destroy the weeds using h and trowel. The field is being plowed twice to attain

good seed emergence.

Planting

On June 21, 2023, the peanut seeds are being planted to both plot A and B, each plot consist

of 125 holes, and each holes consist of 2 unshelled peanut seeds. The plant spacing is 60 cm

and the row spacing is 63 cm.

Treatment Preparation

The preparation of the treatment starts by cutting or slicing the 1kg of banana trunks into

tiny pieces; this makes it easier to decompose. Second, the banana trunks are being

combined with the molasses in a clean bucket. The ratio for making FPJ is 1:1. After the

banana trunks and molasses are evenly combined, the clean bucket is sealed with manila

paper and packing tape. Lastly, the researcher put the date when they made the FPJ and the

date after 7 days after they made the FPJ.

Weeding Management

The weeding operation was done as soon as the weeds emerged in the experimental area.

This was done through hand pulling and uprooting by using the hand trowel. This was done

twice a week to eliminate competition for light, water, and nutrients in the soil.
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Watering

Watering operation was done as soon as the soil are dry. This was done with the use of

bucket. The soil is not waterlogged, just enough watering to keep the soil moist.

Preparation and Application of Treatments

The preparation of the treatment starts by straining the FPJ to separate the banana trunks

that haven’t been decomposed yet. After that, the 8 ml of FPJ is mixed with 1 gallon of

water, and it is ready to be sprayed as foliar fertilizer on the peanut crop. The treatments

are being sprayed onto the plants and into the soil. They are being applied to plot A at

every 10 days.

Pest and disease management

In managing the pests and diseases, the researchers do weeding operations in both plots A

and B. Removing weeds can prevent pests and diseases because some weeds have the

potential to host pests and diseases that could affect the crop.

Harvesting

Harvesting of peanut crop should be at his maturity age or at his 80-100 days after sowing.

The nuts should be brown on the outside, firm, and dry. To know that the peanut is ready to

harvest, the researchers dig out a few plants up to see if it is ready and this can avoid nuts

breaking off.
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Data to be Gathered

There were 125 peanut plants on each plot. The data to be gathered is plant height and

number of leaves. The height of the peanut crop should be measured from the ground level

up to the tip of the main shoot and the leaves should be count manually. In each plot, only

50 sample plants will be gathered. The pattern that the researchers would use when

getting the sample plants is a random pattern. The data should be gathered every 10 days

after the application of treatments to plot A.

Statistical analysis

The researchers would use a t-test in determining the growth difference of the peanut crop

between plot A that received treatment, which is the Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ), and Plot

B that didn’t receive any treatments. A t-test is used to compare the means of the two

groups; it is often used in hypothesis testing to determine whether a process or treatment

actually has an effect on the population of interest or whether two groups are different

from one another.

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CHAPTER IV

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Growth Parameters:

Plant Height:

Table 1. Average Plant Height (cm) gathered on 10, 20, & 30 DAP

Plant Height
PLOT
10 20 30

A
15.74cm 21.36cm 24.46cm
(With Treatment)

B
13.98cm 16.46cm 19.18cm
(Without Treatment)

The height of a peanut plant were measured from the ground level up to the tip of the main

shoot at every 10 days after applying the treatments. As shown in the Table 1, statistical

analysis shows the significant difference of Plot A to Plot B. Plot A has an average of

15.74cm, 21.36cm, and 24.46cm while Plot B only has an average of 13.98cm, 16.46cm, and

19.18cm. The results indicated that there was significant difference on the responses of

peanut crop that received treatments (FPJ) to peanut that don’t received treatment.
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Number of Leaves:

Table 2. Average Number of Leaves gathered on 10, 20, & 30 DAP

Plant Leaves
PLOT
10 20 30

A
44.38 223.68 366.66
(With Treatment)

B
34.92 155.4 268.68
(Without Treatment)

Data in Table 2 shows that Plot A that received treatment which is fermented plant juice

produced higher number of leaves with an average of 44.38, 223.68, and 366.66 on 10-20-

30 days after applying the treatment compared to Plot B only has an average of 34.92,

155.4, and 268.68. Statistical analysis shows the significant difference on Plot A to B.
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Appendices

Data Gathered

Appendix 1a. Plant Height (cm) of Plot A gathered at 10, 20, & 30 DAP

Plant Height
Number of Plants
10 20 30

1 15cm 20cm 24cm

2 14cm 23cm 26cm

3 16cm 22cm 27cm

4 16cm 21cm 25cm

5 15cm 23cm 28cm

6 15cm 21cm 24cm

7 17cm 20cm 22cm

8 16cm 23cm 25cm

9 16cm 23cm 26cm

10 15cm 22cm 25cm

11 15cm 21cm 24cm

12 14cm 25cm 27cm

13 15cm 23cm 25cm

14 16cm 22cm 24cm

15 17cm 24cm 27cm

16 16cm 25cm 28cm

17 16cm 26cm 27cm

18 16cm 23cm 25cm

19 15cm 21cm 23cm

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20 14cm 20cm 22cm

21 15cm 19cm 21cm

22 16cm 22cm 24cm

23 17cm 20cm 23cm

24 17cm 20cm 22cm

25 16cm 21cm 24cm

26 15cm 22cm 25cm

27 16cm 22cm 26cm

28 17cm 20cm 24cm

29 17cm 22cm 24cm

30 17cm 19cm 22cm

31 15cm 20cm 26cm

32 16cm 20cm 25cm

33 15cm 21cm 25cm

34 15cm 24cm 27cm

35 15cm 23cm 26cm

36 16cm 25cm 27cm

37 16cm 20cm 24cm

38 16cm 20cm 23cm

39 17cm 19cm 23cm

40 15cm 20cm 23cm

41 17cm 21cm 25cm

42 15cm 20cm 24cm

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43 15cm 22cm 25cm

44 16cm 20cm 23cm

45 16cm 20cm 22cm

46 16cm 20cm 22cm

47 16cm 20cm 22cm

48 15cm 21cm 25cm

49 16cm 20cm 24cm

50 17cm 19cm 23cm

Appendix 1b. Number of Leaves of Plot A gathered at 10, 20, & 30 DAP

Number of Leaves
Number of Plants
10 20 30

1 45 220 300
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2 30 278 410

3 44 274 320

4 50 280 360

5 30 270 400

6 36 254 391

7 23 200 290

8 44 280 354

9 52 222 396

10 37 170 270

11 38 190 301

12 41 260 421

13 42 180 326

14 50 210 419

15 60 185 400

16 54 300 359

17 38 115 323

18 40 272 381

19 29 280 333

20 38 250 407

21 30 195 342

22 40 232 418

23 31 320 481

24 30 250 400
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25 27 200 480

26 28 210 472

27 39 180 360

28 40 240 390

29 50 320 422

30 60 260 454

31 54 120 340

32 39 160 385

33 57 240 360

34 60 180 275

35 26 280 420

36 38 340 481

37 62 280 372

38 57 180 312

39 58 98 342

40 57 185 344

41 49 156 273

42 52 123 215

43 54 185 306

44 60 212 374

45 40 130 289

46 61 248 338

47 59 213 426
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48 48 178 320

49 42 214 370

50 50 265 411
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Appendix 2a. Plant Height (cm) of Plot B gathered at 10, 20, & 30 DAP

Plant Height
Number of Plants
10 20 30

1 14cm 16cm 18cm

2 15cm 16cm 20cm

3 13cm 16cm 19cm

4 14cm 17cm 19cm

5 13cm 18cm 20cm

6 13cm 22cm 24cm

7 14cm 17cm 19cm

8 12cm 16cm 18cm

9 12cm 18cm 21cm

10 13cm 15cm 17cm

11 14cm 15cm 18cm

12 14cm 18cm 21cm

13 14cm 16cm 20cm

14 15cm 14cm 16cm

15 15cm 18cm 21cm

16 14cm 18cm 22cm

17 14cm 16cm 23cm

18 14cm 12cm 16cm

19 13cm 16cm 18cm

20 13cm 15cm 18cm

21 14cm 16cm 18cm

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22 13cm 15cm 19cm

23 13cm 17cm 18cm

24 14cm 20cm 22cm

25 14cm 18cm 21cm

26 15cm 16cm 19cm

27 15cm 16cm 18cm

28 13cm 16cm 18cm

29 11cm 12cm 17cm

30 14cm 17cm 21cm

31 15cm 17cm 20cm

32 15cm 16cm 19cm

33 14cm 16cm 18cm

34 15cm 15cm 18cm

35 15cm 16cm 19cm

36 15cm 18cm 20cm

37 15cm 18cm 20cm

38 14cm 20cm 22cm

39 14cm 18cm 21cm

40 15cm 16cm 19cm

41 15cm 17cm 20cm

42 14cm 17cm 19cm

43 14cm 15cm 17cm

44 14cm 16cm 18cm

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45 14cm 15cm 17cm

46 15cm 17cm 19cm

47 15cm 16cm 18cm

48 14cm 16cm 19cm

49 14cm 15cm 17cm

50 14cm 17cm 20cm

Appendix 2b. Number of Leaves of Plot B gathered at 10, 20, & 30 DAP

Number of Plants Number of Leaves

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10 20 30

1 32 160 272

2 40 140 223

3 36 125 200

4 42 150 291

5 30 153 229

6 28 130 208

7 39 220 311

8 26 160 289

9 30 130 278

10 30 135 254

11 50 105 202

12 32 133 238

13 38 134 256

14 39 143 279

15 40 175 296

16 42 200 300

17 39 110 240

18 30 120 231

19 20 210 323

20 25 135 228

21 30 160 268
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22 29 200 296

23 29 170 300

24 30 160 274

25 20 190 251

26 30 140 276

27 30 150 281

28 21 130 299

29 19 190 273

30 27 120 278

31 33 200 326

32 30 240 378

33 41 136 238

34 39 156 292

35 40 144 240

36 41 200 315

37 40 108 217

38 40 180 302

39 50 172 283

40 50 120 256

41 45 124 214

42 37 108 243

43 36 132 222

44 36 124 256

45 40 196 317
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46 41 200 328

47 50 136 298

48 32 128 200

49 40 164 276

50 32 224 289

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

In this study, the researchers used Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ) as a treatment to

peanut crops. The researchers gathered all the data about the plant height and number of

leaves in both plots A and B every 10 days after applying the treatments to plot A. Based on
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the table in the preceding chapter, there’s a significant difference regarding to the plant

height and number of leaves of peanut crops in plots A and B. The study shows that plot A,

which received treatment with fermented plant juice (FPJ), had a higher number of heights

with an average of 15.74cm, 21.36cm, and 24.46cm at 10, 20, & 30 days and an average of

44.38, 223.68, and 366.66 in leaves compared to plot B, which only had a total average of

13.98cm, 16.46cm, and 19.18cm in heights and 34.92, 155.4, and 268.68 in leaves. The

researchers concluded that using banana trunks as fermented plant juice can increase the

height and number of leaves of the peanut crop.

Based on the results, the researchers would recommend Fermented Plant Juice for the

following:

For future researchers who may conduct experiment about fermented plant juice

(FPJ) using banana trunks, prepare the materials needed ahead of time. Follow the dilute

ratio in applying fermented plant juice. Making fermented plant juice could be done at

home.

For farmers who would try banana trunks as fermented plant juice, making this

concoction could be also done at home. This concoction are ready to use after 7 days of

fermentation. This is good in improving the health of plants and help them grow

vigorously.

PHOTO DOCUMENTATIONS

Land Preparation
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Irrigation

Measuring both Plots

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1

Planting

Weeding

Applying the Treatments

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2

Counting the Leaves

Measuring the Plant Height

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REFERENCES

Peanuts (Arachis hypogea) https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/foods/peanuts

Top producing region of peanuts in the Philippines is Luzon

https://ipad.fas.usda.gov.cropexplorer/cropview/comm_chartview.aspx?

ftypeid=47&fattributeid=1&fctypeid=19&fcattributeid=9&regionid=seasia&cytryid=PHL&c

ropid=2221000&nationalgraph=False&sel_year=2020&startrow=1

Globally, peanut is the 13th most important food crop

https://library.buplant.da.gov.ph/images/1641970554PEANUT%20production

%20guide.pdf

Annual world production of shelled peanut in 2016

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327612588_Peanut_Shell_FOR_Energy_Propert

ies_and_Its_Potential_to_Respect_the_Environment

Planting of Peanut https://businessdiary.com.ph/8977/peanut-production-guide/?amp

Harvest time of Peanut

https://www.gardeingknowhow.com/edible/vegetables/peanuts/harvesting-peanuts-in-

gardens.htm (Jackie Caroll)

https://harvesttotable.com/how_to_grow_peanuts/ (Stephen Albert)

Fermented Plant Juice

https://static1.squarespace.com/static/64bac726f1fac227d9bd7bd7/t/
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64be882596b0042a1f2586ec/1690208293641/205410861503.pdf (Ellaine Kryss

Hubilla)

https://steemit.com/science/@shairanada/natural-farming-what-is-fermented=plant-

juice-and-how-to-make-the-concoction (Han Kyu Cho, Janong Natural Framing Institute in

South Korea)

Benefits of Fermented Plant Juice (FPJ) https://www.gardenislife.com/articles/plant-

care/the-benefits-of-using-fermented-plant-juice-and-how-to-make-it (Sherwin Anthony)

https://www.journalijar.com/uploads/995_IJAR-19799.pdf (Racoma, Avelino Detorio and

Beato and Lolita Lovino, Laguna State Polytechnic University, L. De Leon, Street, Siniloan

Laguna, Philippine)

Ratio and application of Fermented Plant Juice

https://ranchomastatal.com/blognewsletter/ikogv700ry853sbn3270fsodr1ykht