LAS Robotics Analog Hardwiring

GUSA REGIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL-X
GRADE 9 ELECTIVE (ROBOTICS)

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
PART-1 ANALOG ELECTRONICS (HARDWIRING)

ACTIVITY # OF
LEARNING ACTIVITY TITLE DATE SCORE
NUMBER ITEMS
1 Passive Electronic Components
2 Active Electronic Components
3 Sensors
4 Resistor and LED
5 Capacitor discharge
6 Series and Parallel Resistors
7 LDR (Light Dependent Resistors)
8 Relay
9 Relay (Configurations)
10 Logic Gates
11 Logic Gates (Inverter)
12 Inverter (Light and Shadow)
13 Transistors
14 Inverter Shadow Follower
15 Infrared Emitter and Sensor
16 Infrared Sensor and Control
17 IR Configurations (Fall Prevention)
18 IR Configurations (Line Following)
19 IR Configurations (Move Around a Cylinder)
20 IR Obstacle Avoidance Using 2 Motors
21 Sound Sensor
22 Sound Sensor Clap and Car Moves
23 Sound Sensor Clap and Turn Left
24 IR Sensor Obstacle Detection
25 Inverter Periodic Motion (LED)
26 Inverter Periodic Motion (Motor)
TOTAL POINTS
Prepared by: Checked by:
_____________________________ Nolan V. Alvear

Name / Year & Section Robotics Teacher
Nolan V. Alvear SST-1 20190909 V1.0

Name: Date: Score:
Subject: Passive Electronic Components
Lesson Title: Introduction to Electronic Components
Lesson Competency: Basic Principles of Electronics/Robotics
References: www.letry.com.tw, www.electronicsclub.info LAS No.: 01
CONCEPT NOTES:
Passive Components are electronic components that do not require a Source of Energy to
perform their intended functions. Resistors, capacitors, inductors, and transformers are all
considered passive components.
Component Symbol Picture Function
Restrict or limit the flow
of current in a circuit.
Resistor
A discrete component
that can store an
Capacitor electrical energy. The
larger the capacitance the
more charge it can store.
An inductor, also called
a coil or reactor, it resists
Inductor changes in electric
current passing through it.
SWITCH A simple on-off switch.

SPST = Single This type can be used to
Pole, Single switch the power supply of
Throw a circuit.
Transformers convert AC
electricity from one
voltage to another with
Transformer little loss of power.
Transformers work only
with AC (Alternating
current).
EXERCISE: True or False

_______1. Transformers converts AC to DC.
_______2. A resistor is also called a coil or a reactor.
_______3. A capacitor can store electrical energy
_______4. A switch restricts or limit the flow of current in a circuit.
_______5. Passive Components require a source of energy to perform their intended functions.

Name: Date: Score:
Subject: Active Electronic Components
References: www.letry.com.tw, www.electronicsclub.info LAS No.: 02
CONCEPT NOTES:
Active Components are electronic components that require a Source of Energy to perform their
intended functions. Diodes, transistors and IC’s (Integrated Circuit) are the examples of Active
Components:
A relay is an electrically
operated switch. Current
flowing through the coil of the
Relay
relay creates a magnetic field
which attracts a lever and
changes the switch contacts.
A component that allows
current to flow in one direction
only. It is a polarized
Diode
component with two leads,
called the cathode and the
anode.
(LED) is a special kind of diode
LED (Light
that glows when electricity
Emitting
passes through it.
Diode)
A transistor is a semiconductor
BJT (Bipolar device used to amplify and
Junction switch electronic signals and
Transistors) electrical power.
An integrated circuit (also

referred to as an IC, a chip, or
IC’s
a microchip) is a set of
(Integrated
electronic circuits on one small
Circuits)
plate ("chip") of semiconductor
material, normally silicon.
EXERCISE: Identification
___________1. A component that amplifies electronic signals.
___________2. A component that allows current to flow in one direction only.
___________3. It is also referred to as a microchip.
___________4. A component that glows when electricity passes through it.
___________5. It is an electrically operated switch.

Name: Date: Score:
Subject: Sensors
References: www.letry.com.tw, www.whatis.techtarget.com/definition/sensor LAS No.: 03
CONCEPT NOTES:
A sensor is a device that detects and responds to some type of input from the physical
environment. The specific input could be light, heat, motion, moisture, pressure, or any one of a
great number of other environmental phenomena. The output is generally a signal that is
converted to human-readable display at the sensor location or transmitted electronically over a
network for reading or further processing.
A microphone is a device that converts
sound waves into an electrical signal. This
signal can be amplified as an analog signal
microphone
or may be converted to a digital signal,
which can be processed by a computer or
other device.
LDR An LDR is an input transducer (sensor)
Light which converts brightness (light) to
Dependent resistance. Its resistance decreases as
Resistor the brightness of light increases.
Thermistor is a type of resistor whose
resistance changes rapidly with the small
Thermistor change in temperature. The word
thermistor is derived from the words
“thermal” and “resistor”.
An IR LED (infrared light emitting diode)
is a solid-state lighting (SSL) device that
IR-LED emits light in the infrared range of the
(Emitter) electromagnetic radiation spectrum. IR
LEDs can act like a spot light while
remaining invisible to the naked eye.
 IR-LED An IR sensor is a device that detects IR
(Photodiode) radiation falling on it. Proximity sensors
(used in touchscreen phones and edge
 Photo- avoiding robots), are some applications
transistor E C involving IR sensors.
___________1. A component that coverts brightness to resistance.
___________2. A component that converts sound waves into an electrical signal.
___________3. It is used in touchscreen phones and edge avoiding robots.
___________4. Act like a spot light while remaining invisible to the naked eye.
___________5. A type of resistor whose resistance changes with the change in temperature.

Name: Section: Score:
Subject: Actuators Date:
Reference: futurelearn.com/info/courses/begin-robotics/0/steps/2860 LAS No.: 03B
CONCEPT NOTES:
An actuator is a device which causes something to happen. This could be a robot movement,
which is often achieved using motors:
• An actuator is needed to make the robots wheels turn.
• Or the joints of a robot arm to rotate.
• Or for a robot gripper to open or close.
Or it could be to let the others know what the robot is doing.
• A light being turned on to indicate the robot is working.
• Sound is being emitted – so the actuator is a loudspeaker.
• Communication in some form – so a transmitter is needed.
• An LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen for showing pictures and other data.
Motion Actuator (Common 3 types)
An actuator is a type of motor that is

Actuator
responsible for moving or controlling a
mechanism or system.
2way valve w/
electric motor
Any part of a piece of equipment or appliance
1. Electric that translates electrical energy into motion,
motor such as those found in ventilation fans,
blenders, or refrigerators.
These actuators are best known for
receiving digital pulses and converting them
2. Stepper
into mechanical motion. Stepper motors are
motor
often seen in robots, smart tools, or
automated cutting equipment.
These are linear-motion devices that operate
3. Hydraulic using a tube, piston, and rod. Many vehicles
cylinder operate using hydraulic motion, such as
bulldozers, backhoes, or excavators.
Other Actuators (Non-motion)
LED (light
A light being turned on to indicate the
emitting
board/robot is working.
diode)
Sound is being emitted – so the actuator is a

Buzzer
loudspeaker/buzzer.

Name: Section: Score:
Subject: Actuators Date:
Reference: futurelearn.com/info/courses/begin-robotics/0/steps/2860 LAS No.: 03B
Communication in some form – so a

GSM Module transmitter is needed. The device will
communicate through GSM network.
LCD (Liquid
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen for
Crystal
showing information/pictures and other data.
Display)
1-3. What are the three types of motion actuators?
4. An actuator that operates using a tube, piston, and rod
5. Aside from bulldozers, backhoes, or excavators, give another example of a heavy-duty
equipment that uses this type of actuator.
6. Aside from fans, blenders, or refrigerators. Give another example of an equipment/appliance
that uses a motor.
7-8. Give 2 other types of wireless communication.
9. It’s a screen used for showing information and other data.
10. Is a television screen an actuator? Yes or No.

Name: Date: Score:
Subject: Resistors and LED
Lesson Title: Basic Experiments
References: www.letry.com.tw LAS No.: 04
CONCEPT NOTES:
In Ohm’s Law the current flow decreases as the resistance increases. Resistor is used here to
reduce the current, otherwise the LED will burn out. Power Supply is 4.5V (3AA Cells) or 5.0V
from power bank. The longer pin of LED is connected to the positive side of power. Try
different resistor values and observe the light of the LED.
MATERIALS NEEDED:
1. Breadboard 4. LED (light emitting diode)
2. Power supply (3 AA cells or Power Bank) 5. Jumper wires
3. Resistors 300Ω, 10KΩ, 33KΩ 6. Other resistor values
POWER RESISTOR
LED
SOURCE
4.5V-5.0V
EXERCISE: Perform the configuration on the actual breadboard then draw the wiring diagram
above. Label the pins especially in the power supply connection (Use BLUE or GREEN Pen).
Fill-in the table with the results. Add additional 2 resistor values.
No. Resistor Value LED Light Remarks
1. 300Ω
2. 10,000Ω or 10KΩ
3. 33,000Ω or 33KΩ
4.
5.
Conclusion: What is the relationship of the resistor value on the LED light.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Name: Date: Score:
Subject: Capacitor Charge and Discharge
CONCEPT NOTES:
A capacitor is a discrete component that can store an electrical energy. The larger the
capacitance the more charge it can store. The unit of measurement of capacitance is Farad.
Often you will see capacitors of much less than a farad. These will be measured in microfarads
(one millionth of a farad or 1/1,000,000)
MATERIALS NEEDED:
2. Power supply (3AA’s or Power Bank) 5. Jumper wires
3. Resistors 300Ω, 10KΩ, 33KΩ 6. Electrolytic Capacitors 100ꙡF/16V, 220ꙡF/16V
CHARGING: DISCHARGING
DROPPING RESISTOR
POWER
SUPPLY
LIGHT ON LED
CAPACITOR CAPACITOR
RED
BLACK
EXERCISE:
Perform the configuration
on the actual breadboard
then draw the wiring
diagram above. Label the
pins especially in the
power supply connection
(Use BLUE or GREEN
Pen).
CAUTION:
Connecting directly the
CHARGED Capacitor on the LED MAY cause the LED to burn (damaged). It is advised to use a
dropping resistor instead.
No. Dropping Resistor Value LED Light Remarks (Fade Time)
1. 300Ω
2. 10,000Ω or 10KΩ
3. 33,000Ω or 33KΩ
Change to 220ꙡF/16V and repeat
steps 1 to 3.
Conclusion: What is the relationship of the resistor value, capacitor value on the LED light.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Name: Date: Score:
Subject: Series and Parallel Resistors
CONCEPT NOTES:
Resistors are used here to observe the LED light in different configurations. Power Supply is
4.5V (3AA Cells) or 5.0V from power bank. The longer pin of LED is connected to the positive
side of power. Perform the series and parallel configurations and observe the light of the LED.
MATERIALS NEEDED:
2. Power supply (3AA cells or Power Bank) 5. Jumper wires
3. Resistors 300Ω (5pcs.)
SERIES PARALLEL
EXERCISE:
Perform the configuration on the actual breadboard then draw the wiring diagram above. Label
the pins especially in the power supply connection (Use BLUE or GREEN Pen).
No. Resistor LED Light Remarks
1. 300Ω
2. 300Ω x 2 in series
3. 300Ω x 2 in parallel
Conclusion: What configuration has the brightest light? Why?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Name: Date: Score:
Subject: LDR (Light Dependent Resistor)
CONCEPT NOTES:
An LDR is an input transducer (sensor) which converts brightness (light) to resistance. It is
made from cadmium sulphide (CdS) and the resistance decreases as the brightness of light
falling on the LDR increases. Typical Values, darkness: maximum resistance, about 1MΩ.
Very bright light: minimum resistance, about 100Ω. Light sensors are used in automatic
control to turn street lamps ON at night, turn on and off a night Lamp Flash on AF camera.
MATERIALS NEEDED:
3. LDR (light dependent resistor)
LDR LED The LED will turn off if we

GND
block the light to the “light
sensor” with a finger.
EXERCISE:
Fill-in the table with the results. Status of the LED.
No. LDR Covered Not Covered Remarks
Attempt 1
Attempt 2
Conclusion: Explain the results listed on the table above.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Name: Date: Score:
Subject: Relay
CONCEPT NOTES:
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Current flowing through the coil of the relay creates
a magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts. Most relays are
designed for PCB mounting but you can solder wires directly to the pins providing you take care
to avoid melting the plastic case of the relay. The relay's switch connections are usually labelled
COM, NC and NO:
COM = Common, always connect to this, it is the moving part of the switch.
NC = Normally Closed, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is off.
NO = Normally Open, COM is connected to this when the relay coil is on.
 Connect to COM and NO if you want the switched circuit to be on when the relay coil is on.
 Connect to COM and NC if you want the switched circuit to be on when the relay coil is off.
“The illustration below shows a motor as the load instead of a LED.”
MATERIALS NEEDED:
1. Breadboard 4. Relay (DPDT)
3. Resistor 300Ω (dropping)* 6. LED (light emitting diode)
ACTIVITY: Determine the PINS of the RELAY (coil and switch) using the power supply, jumper
wires, breadboard, dropping resistor and LED.
EXERCISE:
Connect the relay coil to the power source. A click sound must be heard. Using a dropping
resistor* and LED, connect it to the switch side of the relay and to the power supply.
*dropping resistor is necessary to prevent LED from burning.
CONCLUSION: Explain the results of the activity. Have you determined the pins of the relay?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Name: Date: Score:
Subject: Relay Configurations
CONCEPT NOTES:
A relay is an electrically operated switch. Current flowing through the coil of the relay creates
a magnetic field which attracts a lever and changes the switch contacts.
MATERIALS NEEDED:
1. Breadboard 4. Relay (DPDT)
3. Resistor 300Ω (dropping)* 6. LED (light emitting diode)
ACTIVITY: Determine which LED will light and which motor will rotate.
1 2 3
4 5 6
EXERCISE:
*dropping resistor is necessary to prevent LED from burning.
Fill-in the table. LED (light or no light), Motor (rotate or won’t rotate).
No. LED Motor No. LED Motor
1. 4.
2. 5.
3. 6.
CONCLUSION: Explain the results of the activity. Have you identified the pins of the relay?
Coil, Common, NC and NO.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Name: Date: Score:
Subject: Logic Gates
CONCEPT NOTES: Logic gates process signals which represent true or false. LOGIC STATES
Normally the positive supply voltage +Vs represents true and 0V represents TRUE FALSE
1 0
false. Other terms which are used for the true and false states are shown in
ON OFF
the table on the right.
HIGH LOW
+Vs 0V
EXERCISE:
Fill-in the truth table.
INVERTER AND OR A B C Q
A Q A B Q A B Q 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0
0 1 0 1 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0 1 1
1
1 1 1 1 1 0 0
1 0 1
CONCLUSION: Explain the results of the activity. What is 1 1 0
the unique condition each gate? 1 1 1
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Name: Date: Score:
Subject: Logic Gates (Inverter)
CONCEPT NOTES: The output of the inverter is always the opposite of the input.
MATERIALS NEEDED:
1. Breadboard
2. Power supply (4.5V-5V)
3. Resistor 300Ω
4. Resistor 10KΩ
5. Resistor 1KΩ
6. IC CD4069 (Inverter)
7. LED
8. Jumper wires
EXERCISE:
Alternately connect jumpers J-1 and J-2 and observe which configuration the LED lights.
CONCLUSION: Explain the results of the activity.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Name: Date: Score:
Subject: Controlled by Light and Shadow
Lesson Title: Logic Gates (Inverter)
CONCEPT NOTES: LED will turn ON in the dark automatically. The voltage of “A*” will
decrease in the dark. When V1 drops below 2.5V, (5V/2=2.5V) the inverter interprets it as
signal 0, then the output is 1 (5V), so the LED glows. Refer to LAS#7 for LDR Information.
MATERIALS NEEDED:
1. Breadboard
3. Resistor 300Ω
4. Resistor 20KΩ
5. Resistor 10KΩ
6. Resistor 1KΩ
7. LDR (photoresistor)
8. CD4069 IC (Inverter)
9. LED
10. Jumper wires
EXERCISE:
Try different resistor values of R1 (20K, 10K. 1K) and observe the sensitivity of the LDR by
covering it with your finger.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Name: Date: Score:
Subject: Transistors
Lesson Title: Active Components
References: www.letry.com.tw, https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/transistors/all LAS No.: 13
CONCEPT NOTES: A transistor is a semiconductor device used to
amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power. Transistors
make our electronics world go around. They're critical as a control
source in just about every modern circuit. The leads are base (B),
collector (C) and emitter (E).
APPLICATIONS:
1. As a switch it is use to control the flow of power to another part
of the circuit. Here we use an NPN to control an LED.
2. As an amplifier, it is used by turning a low power signal

into one of higher power. Amplifiers can increase the voltage
of a signal, from the microphone input to power a loudspeaker.
3. Logic Gates: INVERTER AND Gate OR Gate

______1. Logic Gates can be configured using transistors.
______2. Common emitter amplifier is like an inverter.
______3. Microphone can increase the sound without using an amplifier.
______4. Transistors can be both a switch and an amplifier.
______5. Logic Gates are amplifiers.

Name: Date: Score:
Subject: Controlled by Light and Shadow (Relay and Motor)
Lesson Title: Logic Gates (Inverter)
CONCEPT NOTES: Motor will rotate in the dark automatically. The voltage of “A*” will
decrease in the dark. When V1 drops below 2.5V, (5V/2=2.5V) the inverter interprets it as
signal 0, then the output is 1 (5V), the transistor will be switched ON, relay will be activated
and the motor will rotate. Refer to LAS#7 for LDR Information.
Here we are using an NPN transistor as a switch to control the relay and make the motor
rotate:
MATERIALS NEEDED:
1. Breadboard
3. Resistor 20KΩ
4. Resistor 10KΩ (2pcs.)
5. Resistor 1KΩ
6. LDR (photoresistor)
8. C1815 transistor or
equivalent
9. Relay 5Volt (DPDT)
10. DC Motor (5Volt)
11. Jumper wires
EXERCISE:
Observe the relay click sound when activated (motor will rotate). Try different resistor values
of R1 (20K, 10K. 1K) and observe the sensitivity of the LDR by covering it with your finger.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Name: Date: Score:
Subject: Infrared Emitter and Sensor
Lesson Title: Motor Control
References: www.letry.com.tw, https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/ir-communication/all LAS No.: 15
CONCEPT NOTES: IR, or infrared, communication is a common, inexpensive, and easy to use
wireless communication technology. IR light is very similar to visible light, except that it has a
slightly longer wavelength. This means IR is undetectable to the human eye, perfect for
wireless communication.
The frequency of Infra-red is lower than that of the red light, so infrared can’t be seen by the
naked eye. Every object in the world can emit infrared rays. The higher the temperature, the
stronger the infrared rays. IR sensor can be used as a temperature sensor. IR camera can
transform IR rays into visible light.
An IR camera can display humans in a forest or at sea in the dark. IR sensor can also be used in
remote controllers, automatic doors and many others.
The IR emitter is a LED while the IR sensor is a phototransistor.
During experiments, sunshine and hot lamps radiate strong IR that may interfere with our
sensor. We must cover the receiver with a little black tube to avoid outside IR interference.
Use little black tube to
IR SENSOR APPLICATIONS: avoid IR interference
 Radiation Thermometers - measurement of temperature without direct contact with the

object. Faster response and easy pattern measurements
 Flame Monitors - detecting the light emitted from the flames and to monitor how the flames
are burning.
 Moisture Analyzers – detect wavelengths which are absorbed by the moisture in the IR
region.
 Gas Analyzers - use absorption characteristics of gases in the IR region.

_______1. IR light is similar to visible light, except that it has a slightly shorter wavelength.
_______2. Infrared rays and temperature are directly proportional.
_______3. IR light can be seen by the naked eye.
_______4. IR camera can transform IR rays into visible light.
_______5. In obstacle detection IR sensor functions the same as ultrasonic sensor.

Name: Date: Score:
Subject: Infrared Sensor and Control (Obstacle Avoidance)
CONCEPT NOTES: Infrared light reflects from the obstacle and the receiver receives
the signal. The voltage at point 1* decreases. The output of inverter becomes high. The relay
will be activated and the left wheel turns backwards and toy car turns left.
MATERIALS NEEDED:
1. Breadboard
3. Resistor 150Ω/300Ω
4. Resistor 6.2MΩ
5. Resistor 10KΩ
6. IR LED and Sensor
8. C1815 transistor or
equivalent
9. Relay 5Volt (DPDT)
10. DC Motor (5V) (2pcs)
11. Jumper wires
EXERCISE:
Upon power the left and right motors will run forward. Cover with your hand the IR TX/RX pair,
the left motor will run in reverse. Observe the IR sensitivity by moving your hand nearer or
farther from the IR pair.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Name: Date: Score:
Subject: Infrared Sensor and Control (Prevent from Falling)
CONCEPT NOTES: The IR Pair is facing down and the signal is reflected, when its off the
edge the reflection is gone thereby reversing the motor rotation preventing the car from
falling.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Name: Date: Score:
Subject: Infrared Sensor and Control (Line Following)
CONCEPT NOTES: The IR Pair is facing down, sensing the black line.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Name: Date: Score:
Subject: Infrared Sensor and Control (Move Around a Cylinder)
CONCEPT NOTES: The IR Pair is positioned on the side of the car.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Name: Date: Score:
Subject: Infrared Sensor and Control (Avoid Obstacles on Both Sides)
CONCEPT NOTES: Two IR Pairs positioned 450 on the front/side of the car.

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Name: Date: Score:
Subject: Sound Sensor (Clap and LED On)
Lesson Title: LED Control
CONCEPT NOTES: Sound signal is very short. A timer is needed to delay the signal, to let the
LED light ON for 2 seconds. The duration of time is determined by C1 and R3. The larger the
value of C1 or R3, the longer the time of duration.
MATERIALS NEEDED:
1. Breadboard
3. Resistor 10KΩ
4. Resistor 5.1KΩ
5. Resistor 300Ω
6. Capacitor 100ꙡF/220ꙡF
7. LM555 IC (Timer)
8. LED
9. Electret MIC
10. Resistors’ 7.5K, 12K, 5K
11. Jumper wires
EXERCISE:
When you clap your hands does the LED lit for approximately 2 seconds?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Name: Date: Score:
Subject: Sound Sensor (Clap and Car Moves)
motor run for approximately 2 seconds. The duration of time is determined by C1 and R3. The
larger the value of C1 or R3, the longer the time of duration.
MATERIALS NEEDED:
1. Breadboard
3. Resistor 10KΩ 2pcs.
4. Resistor 5.1KΩ
6. Transistor C1815
7. LM555 IC (Timer)
8. DC Motor 5V 1pc.
9. Electret MIC
11. Jumper wires
12. LED (Optional)
EXERCISE:
When you clap your hands does the car move?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Name: Date: Score:
Subject: Sound Sensor (Clap and Car Turn Left)
motor run in reverse direction for 2 seconds. The duration of time is determined by C1 and R3.
The larger the value of C1 or R3, the longer the time of duration.
MATERIALS NEEDED:
1. Breadboard
3. Resistor 10KΩ 2pcs.
4. Resistor 5.1KΩ
6. Transistor C1815
7. LM555 IC (Timer)
8. DC Motor 5V 2pcs.
9. Electret MIC
11. Jumper wires
EXERCISE:
When you clap your hands does the car turn left?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Name: Date: Score:
Subject: IR Sensor (Obstacle Detection)
CONCEPT NOTES: Timer is needed to delay the signal from the IR sensor. The duration of
time is determined by C1 and R3. The larger the value of C1 (100ꙡF or 220ꙡF) or R3, the longer
the time of duration. The car will turn left when an obstacle is detected by the IR sensor
because the left motor was switched to run in reverse direction.
MATERIALS NEEDED:
1. Breadboard
3. Resistor 150Ω, 6.2MΩ
4. Resistor 15KΩ, 10KΩ
5. IR emitter and sensor
7. Capacitor 0.01ꙡF/50V
8. Transistor C1815
9. LM555 IC (Timer)
10. DC Motor 5V 2pcs.
11. Relay 5V DPDT
12. LED (Optional)
13. Jumper wires
EXERCISE:
Does the car turn left when you put an obstacle was detected?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Name: Date: Score:
Subject: Periodic Motion Using Inverter (LED)
Lesson Title: LED and Motor Control
CONCEPT NOTES: Capacitor C1 is empty upon Power-ON. The input of inverter-1 is 0 and
output is 1(5V). A small current charge C1 through R1. The Voltage of C1 increases until the
input of inverter-1 recognizes it as signal 1. Then the output of inverter-1 becomes 0, the
charge of C1 starts to flow through R1 to inverter-2. The charge and discharge of capacitor C1
must need a positive side and negative side for the current to flow. Invertor-2 helps capacitor
C1 charge and discharge. Therefore, the LED is turned ON and OFF periodically.
MATERIALS NEEDED:
1. Breadboard
3. Resistor 20KΩ
4. Resistor 300Ω
7. LED
8. Jumper wires
EXERCISE:
Does the LED lights ON and OFF periodically?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Name: Date: Score:
Subject: Periodic Motion Using Inverter (Motor)
Lesson Title: LED and Motor Control
CONCEPT NOTES: Capacitor C1 is empty upon Power-ON. The input of inverter-1 is 0 and
output is 1(5V). A small current charge C1 through R1. The Voltage of C1 increases until the
input of inverter-1 recognizes it as signal 1. Then the output of inverter-1 becomes 0, the
charge of C1 starts to flow through R1 to inverter-2. The charge and discharge of capacitor C1
must need a positive side and negative side for the current to flow. Invertor-2 helps capacitor
C1 charge and discharge. Therefore, the motor runs ON and OFF periodically.
MATERIALS NEEDED:
1. Breadboard
3. Resistor 20KΩ
4. Resistor 10KΩ
7. Transistor C1815
8. Relay 5V DPDT
9. Motor DC 5V
10. Jumper wires
EXERCISE:
Does the motor run ON and OFF periodically?

_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

LAS Robotics Analog Hardwiring

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

LAS Robotics Analog Hardwiring

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

LAS Robotics Analog Hardwiring

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

GUSA REGIONAL SCIENCE HIGH SCHOOL-X

GRADE 9 ELECTIVE (ROBOTICS)

PART-1 ANALOG ELECTRONICS (HARDWIRING)

Prepared by: Checked by:

_____________________________ Nolan V. Alvear

Nolan V. Alvear SST-1 20190909 V1.0

SWITCH A simple on-off switch.

EXERCISE: True or False

Nolan V. Alvear SST-1 20190909 V1.0

An integrated circuit (also

Nolan V. Alvear SST-1 20190909 V1.0

Nolan V. Alvear SST-1 20190909 V1.0

An actuator is a type of motor that is

Sound is being emitted – so the actuator is a

Nolan V. Alvear SST-1 20190909 V1.0

Communication in some form – so a

Nolan V. Alvear SST-1 20190909 V1.0

Nolan V. Alvear SST-1 20190909 V1.0

Nolan V. Alvear SST-1 20190909 V1.0

Nolan V. Alvear SST-1 20190909 V1.0

LDR LED The LED will turn off if we

Nolan V. Alvear SST-1 20190909 V1.0

Nolan V. Alvear SST-1 20190909 V1.0

Nolan V. Alvear SST-1 20190909 V1.0

CONCLUSION: Explain the results of the activity.

Nolan V. Alvear SST-1 20190909 V1.0

CONCLUSION: Explain the results of the activity.

Nolan V. Alvear SST-1 20190909 V1.0

2. As an amplifier, it is used by turning a low power signal

3. Logic Gates: INVERTER AND Gate OR Gate

EXERCISE: True or False

Nolan V. Alvear SST-1 20190909 V1.0

CONCLUSION: Explain the results of the activity.

Nolan V. Alvear SST-1 20190909 V1.0

The IR emitter is a LED while the IR sensor is a phototransistor.

 Radiation Thermometers - measurement of temperature without direct contact with the

EXERCISE: True or False

Nolan V. Alvear SST-1 20190909 V1.0

CONCLUSION: Explain the results of the activity.

CONCLUSION: Explain the results of the activity.

Nolan V. Alvear SST-1 20190909 V1.0

CONCLUSION: Explain the results of the activity.

Nolan V. Alvear SST-1 20190909 V1.0

CONCLUSION: Explain the results of the activity.

Nolan V. Alvear SST-1 20190909 V1.0

CONCLUSION: Explain the results of the activity.

Nolan V. Alvear SST-1 20190909 V1.0

CONCLUSION: Explain the results of the activity.

Nolan V. Alvear SST-1 20190909 V1.0

When you clap your hands does the car move?

CONCLUSION: Explain the results of the activity.

Nolan V. Alvear SST-1 20190909 V1.0

CONCLUSION: Explain the results of the activity.

Nolan V. Alvear SST-1 20190909 V1.0

CONCLUSION: Explain the results of the activity.

Does the LED lights ON and OFF periodically?

CONCLUSION: Explain the results of the activity.

Does the motor run ON and OFF periodically?

CONCLUSION: Explain the results of the activity.