Repulsion Motor

Under The Supervision of

Dr. Mahmoud Nasrallah

Name: Ahmed AbdelMoety Ahmed Rasslan

Subject: Special Electric Machines

Code: DEM623
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Index

No Content Page Number

1 Definition 2

2 Basics of Repulsion Motor 2

3 Construction of Repulsion Motor 3

4 Working Principle 4

5 Circuit Diagram 6

6 Applications of Repulsion Motor 7

7 Analyzing a Repulsion Motor Using MATLAB 8

8 References 9

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Repulsion Motor
Definition

Definition: A repulsion motor is a single-phase electric motor that operates by providing

input AC (alternating current). The main application of repulsion motor is electric trains.
It starts as a repulsion motor and runs as an induction motor, where the starting torque
should be high for repulsion motor and very good running characteristics for induction
motor.

Basics of Repulsion Motor

Excellent beginning torque, low starting current, and a wide range of speed control with
smooth speed fluctuation are all advantages of a repulsion motor. The following are
some of the repulsion motor’s drawbacks. At lower speeds, the power factor is much
lower. Brushes and commutators quickly exhaust owing to heat production and arcing
at the brush assembly.

Thus, this is all about the repulsion motor. Most of the commutator motors are
restricted to about 1500 V as high voltages provide rise to a threat of arcing across it.
These motors find use where high voltages are required because the circuit of the rotor
is not connected electrically to the power supply.

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Construction of Repulsion Motor

It is a single-phase AC motor, which consists of a pole core that is the north pole and
south pole of a magnet. The construction of this motor is similar to the split-phase
induction motor and DC series motor. The rotor and stator are the two main
components of the motors which are inductively coupled. The field winding (or a
distributed type winding or the stator) is similar to the main winding of the split-phase
induction motor. Hence the flux is evenly distributed and the gap between stator and
rotor is decreased and the reluctance is also decreased, which in turn improves the
power factor.

The rotor or armature is similar to the DC series motor which is provided with a drum-
type winding connected to the commutator, where the commutator is in-turn
connected to carbon brushes which are short-circuited. A brush holder mechanism
provides variable crankshaft to change the direction or alignment of brushes along the
axis. Hence the torque produced during this process helps to control the speed. The
energy in the repulsion motor is transferred through the transformer action or by the
induction action (where the emf is transferred between stator to the rotor).

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Working Principle

Repulsion motor works on the principle of repulsion where two poles of a magnet repel.
The working principle of repulsion motor can be explained from 3 cases of α, depending
on the position of the magnet as follows.

Case(i) : When α = 900

Assume brushes ‘C and D’ are aligned vertically at 90 degrees and rotor aligned
horizontally along the d-axis (field axis) which is the direction of current flow. From the
principle of Lenz’s law, we know that the emf induced mainly depends on the stator flux
and the current direction (which is based on the alignment of brushes). Therefore, the
net emf of brush from ‘C to D’ is ‘0’ as shown in the diagram, which is represented as ‘x’
and ‘.’ there is no current flow in the rotor, so Ir = 0. When no current passes in the
rotor, then it acts as an open-circuited transformer. Therefore, stator current Is = less.
The direction of the magnetic field is in along brush axis direction, where the stator and
rotor field axis are 180 degrees phase-shifted, the torque generated is ‘0’ and the
mutual induction induced in the motor is ‘0’.

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Case (ii): When α = 00

Now the brushes ‘C and D’ are oriented along the d-axis and are short-circuited.
Therefore the net emf induced in the motor is very high, which generates the flux
between windings. The net emf can be represented as ‘x’ and ‘.’ as shown in the figure.
It is similar to a short-circuited transformer. Where the stator current and the mutual
induction are maxima which means Ir = Is = maximum. From the figure, we can observe
that the stator and rotor fields are 180 degrees opposite in phase, which means the
torque generated will oppose each other, so the rotor cannot rotate.

Case (iii) : When α = 450

When the brushes ‘C and D’ are inclined at some angle (45 degrees) and the brushes are
shorted. Let us assume the rotor (brush axis) is fixed & the stator is rotated. The stator
winding is represented as ‘Ns’ number of effective turns and the current passing is ‘Is’,
the field produced by stator is in the direction ‘Is Ns’ which is the stator MMF as shown
in the figure. The MMF (magnetomotive force) is resolved into two components(MMF1
and MMF2), where MMF1 is along with the brush direction (Is Nf ) and MMF2 is
perpendicular to the brush direction (Is Nt) which is the transformer direction, and ‘α’ is
the angle between ‘Is Nt’ and ‘Is Nf’. Hence the flux produced by this field into two
components is ‘Is Nf’ and ‘Is Nt’. The emf induced in the rotor produces flux along the q-
axis.

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Circuit Diagram

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Applications of Repulsion Motor

The applications of repulsion motors include the following.

o Applications of Farm Motors

o Film winding machines
o Hoists
o Machines in Textile
o Machines for floor maintenance
o Printing presses
o Air compressors
o Pumps & Fans
o Laundry equipment
o High-speed lifts
o Mixing machines
o Machine tools
o Air pump
o Mining tools
o Petrol pumps
o Drive compressors

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Analyzing a Repulsion Motor Using MATLAB

% Define the motor parameters

R1 = 1.5; % Stator resistance (ohms)
X1 = 2.5; % Stator reactance (ohms)
R2 = 1; % Rotor resistance (ohms)
X2 = 1.5; % Rotor reactance (ohms)
Xm = 5; % Magnetizing reactance (ohms)
Vline = 220; % Line voltage (volts)
Freq = 50; % Supply frequency (Hz)
Poles = 4; % Number of poles
Tload = 20; % Load torque (N.m)
N = 1000; % Motor speed (rpm)

% Calculate the equivalent circuit parameters

Z1 = R1 + X1*1i;
Z2 = R2 + X2*1i;
Zm = Xm*1i;
Rc = (Z2/Z1)*R2;
Xm_prime = Xm*(Z2/(Z1+Z2))^2;
Xeq = X1 + Xm_prime;
Req = R1 + Rc;

% Calculate the slip and rotor impedance

w_sync = (2*pi*Freq)/Poles;
w_mech = (2*pi*N)/60;
s = (w_sync - w_mech)/w_sync;
R2_prime = s*R2;
X2_prime = X2*(s+1)/s;
Z2_prime = R2_prime + X2_prime*1i;

% Calculate the current, power and efficiency

I1 = Vline/(sqrt(3)*abs(Z1 + Z2_prime));
I2 = I1*abs(Z1)/abs(Z2_prime);
P_in = 3*abs(I1)^2*Req;
P_out = 3*Tload*w_mech;
Efficiency = P_out/P_in;

% Display the results

disp(['Stator current: ', num2str(abs(I1)), ' A']);
disp(['Rotor current: ', num2str(abs(I2)), ' A']);
disp(['Input power: ', num2str(P_in), ' W']);
disp(['Output power: ', num2str(P_out), ' W']);
disp(['Efficiency: ', num2str(Efficiency*100), ' %']);

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References

1 Bose, B. K. (2006). Modern Power Electronics and AC Drives. Pearson

Education India.
2 Fitzgerald, A. E., Kingsley Jr, C., & Umans, S. D. (2013). Electric Machinery.
McGraw-Hill Education.
3 Lipo, T. A. (2015). Introduction to AC Machine Design. University of
Wisconsin-Madison.
4 Say, M. G. (2018). Performance analysis of repulsion motor using finite
element method. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 69(3), 183-190.
5 Sen, P. C. (2012). Principles of Electric Machines and Power Electronics. John
Wiley & Sons.