Course Code: BIO 024L

DOCUMENTATION REPORT # NUCLEIC ACIDS

Lesson title: NUCLEIC ACIDS Your references: (APA format)

Lesson Objectives: by the end of this activity,

▪
you should be able to …

1. Extract DNA from plant and animal

cells

2. Understand the structure of cells.

3. Identify the types of mutations, and

explain the molecular effects that each
has on base sequences of DNA

TASK COMPLETED BY EACH MEMBER: Group number: ___3_____

Arrange alphabetically.

Name of groupmate Task completed

1. Abejo, Rexie Diane D. Documentation Report in Nucleic Acids

2. Batiancila, Kianna Marie B. Documentation Report in Nucleic Acids

3. Derecho, Polynne Jude Experiment B (Extraction of your Own DNA)

LAS 6 Nucleic Acids

4. Enriquez, Stephanie P. Video Editor

5. Esquilon, Edrian Jao Experiment A (DNA Extraction from Banana Fruit)

LAS 6 Nucleic Acids

6. Malaza, Ella Angeline Experiment C (Using Plain Water instead of Saline Solution)

LAS 6 Nucleic Acids

ACTIVITY 1:
OBSERVATION and INTERPRETATION: DOCUMENTATION: photos of EACH of the member’s experiment (in order of
the procedure, if possible) and results with caption based on the observations.

Your DISCUSSION here! (include citation from your references to support claim)
Discuss the summary of what happened with the experiment. Compare the results of A & B to C activity. describe the
appearance of the DNA you extracted both from banana fruit and your cheek cells. Explain the result.

Your CONCLUSION here! (What can you conclude in your experiment?)

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 Course Code: BIO 024L
DOCUMENTATION REPORT # NUCLEIC ACIDS

RELATED QUESTIONS:
1. Why did you mash the banana fruit?
Answer: Mashing the banana increases the surface area available for DNA extraction.

2. Why do we use liquid soap?

Answer: Surfactants in liquid soap aid in the destruction of cell membranes and nuclei.

3. What does the salt do?

Answer: The salt's sodium ions bond to the phosphate groups of the DNA molecules, assisting in
the isolation of the DNA from the solvent. The salt neutralizes the negative charges on the DNA,
allowing the strands to adhere to one another. Proteins and carbs also precipitate as a result.

4. What does the cold ethanol do?

Answer: Cold ethyl or isopropyl alcohol lowers the solubility of the resultant DNA and salt
compounds in water.

5. Why can’t you use room temperature ethanol?

Answer: The amount of DNA precipitated increases with the temperature of the ethanol.

6. How will you describe the appearance of the DNA you extracted both from banana fruit and your
cheek cells?
Answer: The DNA appears white and forms a bundle of string-like strands inside the glass bottle.

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 Course Code: BIO 024L
DOCUMENTATION REPORT # NUCLEIC ACIDS

ACTIVITY 2:
Objective: Identify the types of mutations, and explain the molecular effects that each has on base sequences of DNA

Instructions:
A. Consider this original template DNA strand: 5’---AAGCAGCCATAACGAACGCAT---3’

1. Identify the sequence of amino acids does this DNA strand code? (assume it doesn’t contain introns)
Answer: AAG CAG CCA TAA CGA ACG CAT- DNA
UUC GUC GGU AUU GCU UGC GUA- RNA

PHE VAL GLY LIE ALA CYS VAL- PROTEINS

2. The table below lists 5 different mutations that may occur in this DNA strand. What happens to the amino acid
sequence produced as a result of each mutation? (All positions are from the 5’ end of the DNA template.)

Mutation Effect on amino acid sequence Type of mutation

Substitution of T for G at position 14 Change to stop codon: truncated Nonsense mutation

polypeptide

Insertion of T between positions 14 Has no effect on the protein sequence Silent mutation
and 15

Deletion of C at position 7 Remove a single nucleotide Frameshift mutation

Substitution of T for C at position 4 Results in an amino acid substitution Missense mutation

B. Answer the following: Highlight your answer with RED font color.

1. A template strand of a gene has this base sequence: 3´−TACAT*CCGATAGGGTCAT−5´. Exposure to radiation causes a
mutation in this gene. The thymine at the site of the mutation (*) is deleted. This will most likely result in:

A. mRNA codons preceding (towards the 3’ end) the mutation to be misread

B. mRNA codons downstream to the start codon to be misread
C. no change of any kind
D. no change in the polypeptide coded by this gene
E. the AUG triplet functioning as a chain terminator

2.Assume that the following polypeptide chain is produced by a wild-type gene in an organism:
N-met-lys-trp-leu-his-ala-glu-gly-lys-C

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 Course Code: BIO 024L
DOCUMENTATION REPORT # NUCLEIC ACIDS

Assume that a phenotypically observable mutation occurred in the coding region of the mRNA that coded for
this polypeptide. Assume that a base substitution occurred in the 7 th base position counting from the 5' end of
that coding region. Without referring to actual codons, what is a likely sequence resulting from such an
alternation?

A. N-met-lys-arg-leu-his-ala-glu-gly-lys-C
B. N-met-C
C. N-met-lys-trp-leu-his-ala-ala-gly-lys-C
D. N-met-lys-trp-leu-his-ala-glu-gly-lys-C
E. None of the above

3.The discovery of the structure of DNA was a landmark in

molecular biology research. Which of the following is the
correct representation of a RIGHT-HANDED DNA?
A. a
B . b C. c D. d

A B C D

7. Reading from left to right, what is the nucleotide sequence on the other strand of DNA in this section?

A. a B. b C. c D. d

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION

 Course Code: BIO 024L
DOCUMENTATION REPORT # NUCLEIC ACIDS

This document is the property of PHINMA EDUCATION