OBJECTIVES

At the end of this module,I can:

• Trace the discovery of the cell and the
development of cell theory.
• Distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
according to their distinguishing features.
• Classify different cell organelles and their
function
• Create a 3D model of cell using a recyclable
material.
CELL
WHAT IS CELL?
• Basic unit and functional which form all living
things
• It contain protein,carbohydrates,nucleotides and
lipids that makes the cell body.
• CYTOLOGY is the branch of science that focus on
the study of cell.
• Cells are involved in all processes that sustain life.
 FUNCTION OF CELL
1.Provide support and structure of the organs
of the body.
2.Facilitate growth mitosis
3.Allows transport of substances like nutrients
,oxygen and metabolic waste
4. Energy Production ( like photosynthesis and
cellular respiration)
5.Aids in reproduction
6.For growth and development of the organism
HOW TO OBSERVE THE
• CELL?
MICROSCOPE
a.Light microscope b. Electron microscope
2000x magnification 500.000-1.000.000x
magnification
HOW THEY DISCOVERED THE CELL?

Robert Hooke (1665)

• accidentally discover the
cell in the cork using the simple
Microscope.

• He observed that it was

Composed of many tiny boxes
Like compartments , which
resemble tiny rooms
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
-invented the first microscope to observe the
cells and discover the microorganism and
various forms of bacterial cell.
• Felix Dujardin( 1835)
Discovered the internal substances
of living cell and gave it the name of
SARCODE

• Robert Brown
Discovered the nucleus and establish
It as fundamental and constant
component of the cell.
 • Mathias Schleiden
stated that all plants made by
cells
• Theodore Schwann
stated that all animals made by
cells
• Rudolf Virchow (1959)
Formulated the cell theory
1.Cells are the basic unit of life
2.Every organism is made up of
Cells
3.Every cell come from preexisting
Cell
4.Cells of multicellular organism are
Interconnected allowing it to function
As singleunit.
What are the different types of cells?
• The following diagram shows prokaryote and
eukaryote cell. What the differs between
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell?
 PROKARYOTIC
1. Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus. Instead, some
prokaryotes such as bacteria have a region within
the cell where the genetic material is freely
suspended. This region is called the nucleoid.
2. They all are single-celled microorganisms. Examples
include archaea, bacteria, and cyanobacteria.
3. The cell size ranges from 0.1 to 0.5 µm in diameter.
4. The hereditary material can either be DNA or RNA.
5. Prokaryotes reproduce by binary fission, a form of
sexual reproduction.
 EUKARYOTIC
1. Eukaryotic cells are characterised by a true nucleus.
2. The size of the cells ranges between 10–100 µm in
diameter.
3. This broad category involves plants, fungi,
protozoans, and animals.
4. The plasma membrane is responsible for monitoring
the transport of nutrients and electrolytes in and
out of the cells. It is also responsible for cell to cell
communication.
5. They reproduce sexually as well as asexually.
6. There are some contrasting features between plant
and animal cells. For eg., the plant cell contains
chloroplast, central vacuoles, and other plastids,
whereas the animal cells do not.
ORGANELLES FUNCTION
A.NUCLEUS
✔ Contains: chromosome (genetic material),
nucleolus
✔ Role: control the cell activity
B.CELL MEMBRANE
✔ Semipermeable membrane
✔ Structured formed by carbohydrate, lipid & protein
(phospholipid, glycolipid, and glycoprotein)
✔ Role:
✔ arrange substance transport,protection and receptor
CELL MEMBRANE
C.CYTOPLASM

Contain:
water,
protein,
nucleic acid, Role:
fatty acid,
mineral the site of
organelles
activity
MITOCHONDRIA

✔ A sausage like
✔ “Powerhouse of
the cell”
✔ energy
production of
ATP (Adenosine
Triphosphate )
of the cell
 PEROXISOMES
✔ Fine small vesicles in the cytoplasm
✔ Remove the metabolic waste in the cell
 LYSOSOME
✔ Contain enzyme
(hydrolytic enzyme)
✔ which can digest
the protein
✔ It is capable of
phagostosis ,mostly
attacking foreign
bodies.
http://www.slideshare.net/ephyyuniar/tugas-2-lisosomperoksisom-glioksisom
✔ It is known as the
“SUICIDE BAG”
 CYTOSKELETON
✔ Contain 3 main kinds of cytoskeletal filaments:
• MICROFILAMENTS provide mechanical strength to the cell
• INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS add framework to the cell
• MICROTUBULE helping the movement of substance from one
section to another
 CENTRIOLES
✔ Animal cell: present, plant cell: absent
✔ Contains of 9 sets triplet microtubules
✔ to form nuclear spindle thread during
cell division
 PLASTIDS
✔ Contains color pigment of the cell
✔ Kinds: chloroplast, chromoplast, leukoplast,
amilopast

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastid
VACUOLE
✔ Large round shape filled
with fluid
✔ Surrounded by a
membrane (tonoplast)
✔ Role:
✔ Storage of water and
food for cells
 ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
✔ Rough ER
(granular)
Role: protein
collect &
transport
✔ Smooth ER
(agranular)
Role: lipid
synthesis &
transport
 GOLGI APPARATUS
✔ Composed of
cisternal,
tubular, and
vesicular
✔ The “POST
OFFICE”
✔ Role: Package
and transport
the protein into
ribosomes.

http://higheredbcs.wiley.com/legacy/college/tortora/0470565101/hearthis_ill/pap13e_ch03_illustr_audio_mp3_am/simulations/hear/protein_process.html
 RIBOSOME

✔ Small granule stick on ER or everywhere (cytoplasm)

✔ Role: protein synthesis
 CELL WALL
✔ Contain polysaccharide (cellulose, hemicellulose & pectin) and
glycoprotein
✔ With Nodes , plasmodesma
✔ Role: support, shaper, secondary protection for plants, turgidity
Animal cell
Plant cell
Differs animal & plant cell
Differentiate the animal & plant cell
ORGANELLES PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL
CELL WALL
(Present/Absent)
CHLOROPLAST
(Present/Absent)
LYSOSOME
(Present/Absent)
VACUOLES
(Big /Small)
PLASMODESMATA
(Present/Absent)

SHAPE
Differences between an animal & plant cell

ORGANELLES PLANT CELL ANIMAL CELL

CELL WALL PRESENT ABSENT

CHLOROPLAST PRESENT ABSENT

LYSOSOME ABSENT PRESENT

VACUOLES BIG SMALL

PLASMODESMATA PRESENT ABSENT

SHAPE RECTANGULAR ROUND

 BIBLE VERSE
And the LORD God formed man of
the dust of the ground, and
breathed into his nostrils the
breath of life; and man became a
living soul.”

Genesis 2:7
ASYNCHRONOUS
ACTIVITY
Assessment:
Identify the different parts of the cell
Application:
Create a 3D Model of Cell using a recyclable material