HOW TO USE THIS COMPETENCY – BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

Welcome to the learners guide for the module: PERFORMING PRE

AND POST OPERATION PROCEDURE FOR BACKHOE LOADER NC
II.

This Competency-based learning material contains training materials

and activities for you to complete.

The unit of competency Perform Pre and Post Operation Procedure

for Backhoe Loader Equipment contains the knowledge, skills and
attitude required for a Heavy Equipment Operation (Backhoe Loader)
with National Certificate Level (NC II).

You are required to go, through a series of learning activities in order

to complete each learning outcomes of the module. In each learning
outcome there are information sheets, resources sheets, and reference
material for further reading to help you better understand the
required activities. Follow these activities on your own and answer the
self-check at the end of each learning outcome.

 Information Sheet – this will provide you with information

(concepts, principles and other relevant information) needed in
performing certain activities.
 Operation Sheet – this will guide you in performing single task,
operation or process in a job.
 Job Sheet – this is designed to guide you how to do that will
contribute to the attainment of the learning outcome.
 Assignment Sheet – is to guide you to enhance what you have
learned in the information sheet, operation sheet or job sheet.
 Work Sheet – are different forms that you need to fill up in
certain activities that you performed.

Upon completion of this module, study the evidence plan at the end of
the last learning element of this module then ask your trainer to
assess you. You will be given a certificate of completion as proof that
you have met the standard requirements (knowledge, skills and
attitude) for this module. The assessment could be made in different
methods, as prescribed in the competency standard.

If you have questions, do not hesitate to ask your trainer/s for

assistance.

RECOGNITION OF PRIOR LEARNING (RPL)

You may have some of most of the knowledge and skills covered in
this learner’s guide because you have
  Been working for some time
 Already completed training in this area

The evidences for recognition of prior learning are presented if:

 You can demonstrate to your trainers that you are
competent in particular skills, you don’t have to do the same
training again.
 If you feel you have some of the skills, talk to your trainers
about having them, formally recognized.
 If you have a qualifications or Certificates of Competence
from previous trainings show it to your trainer
 If the skills you acquired are still relevant to the module,
they may become part of the evidence you can present for
RPL.

At the end of the learners guide there is a learner’s diary to record.

Important dates, jobs undertaken and other workplace event that will
assist you in providing further details to your trainers or assessors. A
Record of Achievement is also provided for your trainers to complete
once you completed the module

This module was prepared a source of information for you to acquire

knowledge and skills in Heavy Equipment Operation (Backhoe loader)
to achieve the required competency, Develop and update Heavy
Equipment Operation (Backhoe loader) independently and at your own
pace.

1. Take Pre-assessment to evaluate your skills and knowledge in

preparation for post and final assessment.
2. Talk to your trainer and agree on you how both will recognize
the training.
3. Work through all the information and complete the learning
activities in each learning outcome. Read information sheet and
complete the self check as suggested in your resources which
are encoded in the resource materials.
4. Your trainer will be your facilitator to assist your needs in
completing your activities.
5. The trainer will tell you about the important things needed to
accomplish the learning activities.
6. You are given an opportunity to study and master the module at
your own convenient pace and time.
7. You can gather other information/ data through interview,
research and talk to more experienced work master.
8. You can ask your trainer to observe your activity outline in the
learning guide.
9. As you work through your activities you should be open for
trainers feedback on your progress.
10. Upon completion of the module you should feel free and
confident to ask for final assessment. The result of your
 assessment will be recorded in your Competency Achievement
Record

HEAVY EQUIPMENT OPERATION NC II (HYDRAULIC EXCAVATOR)

List of Competencies

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

1 Perform pre- and post- Performing pre- CON833301
operation procedures and post-
for hydraulic excavator operation
procedures for
Hydraulic
Excavator
2 Perform basic Performing basic CON833302
preventive maintenance preventive
servicing operation for maintenance
hydraulic excavator servicing
 operation for
Hydraulic
Excavator
3 Perform productive Performing CON833303
operation hydraulic productive
excavator operation
Hydraulic
Excavator

MODULE CONTENT

QUALIFICATION : HEAVY EQUIPMENT OPERATION NC II

(HYDRAULIC EXCAVATOR)

UNITS OF COMPETENCY : Perform Pre- and Post-Operation

Procedures for Hydraulic Excavator
MODULE TITLE : Performing Pre- and Post-Operation
Procedures for Hydraulic Excavator
INTRODUCTION : This module covers knowledge,
skills and attitudes required in performing procedures before and after
productive operation of Hydraulic Excavator.

NOMINAL DURATION : 24 hours

CERTIFICATION LEVEL : NC II
SUMMARY OF LEARNING OUTCOMES :

Upon completion of the module the trainees/student should be

able to:

LO 1. Identify Hydraulic excavator types / components

structure

LO2. Perform visual check of equipment.

LO 3. Perform BLOWAF check.

LO 4. Check Hydraulic excavator systems functions.

LO 5. Check safety devices and accessories

LO6. Perform post operation procedures

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

 Lifting equipment is selected based on job requirements.

 Operator-serviceable (OS) parts are checked in accordance
with equipment checklist and manufacturer’s procedures.
 Walk-around check is performed with the equipment
checklist and with engine stopped/ not running.
 “BLOWAF” check is performed with checklist form and with
engine stopped/not running.
 Fluid levels are maintained in accordance with equipment
maintenance manual.
 Abnormal conditions noted I checklist and reported to
authorized person.
 Starting/running check is performed with checklist and in
accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations.
 Brake, steering and controls are checked for normal
functioning as per manufacturer’s specifications.
 Walk-around check is performed with equipment checklist
and while engine is running.
 Safety devices are checked for proper functions in
accordance with safe operating procedures.
 Equipment is parked and turned off after productive
operation in accordance with company rules and regulations.
  Equipment controls are set into neutral position and parking
brakes are engaged according to manufacturer’s operations
manual.
 Safety locks and brakes are all set/engaged in accordance
with operator’s manual.
 Walk-around inspection check is re-conducted while doing
engine cool down
 Daily equipment time record/report (DETR) is
accomplished / submitted according to company rules and
regulations.

COMPETENCY SUMMARY

LO 1. Identify Hydraulic excavator types / components structure.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. Types of Hydraulic excavator are identified.

2. Hydraulic excavator component structure is identified and
functions are explained.

CONTENTS:

 Types and Classifications of Hydraulic excavator and uses

 Components structure of Hydraulic excavator and their
functions

LO 2. Perform visual check of equipment

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. Hydraulic excavators are selected based on job requirements.

2. Operator serviceable (OS) parts are checked in accordance with
equipment checklist and manufacturer’s procedures.
3. Performed walk-around check with the hydraulic excavator,
with engine stopped and keys removed based on standard
procedures.
CONTENTS:

 Specification, Limitations and Classifications of Hydraulic

Excavator based on operations and maintenance manual.
 Controls, instruments, indicators functions and application.
 Equipment brand, model, parts, warning decals, jobsite and
work conditions.

LO3. Perform BLOWAF check.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. BLOWAF inspection are performed following equipment

checklist and with engine stopped

CONTENTS:

 Battery (condition and connections)

 Lights (Lighting System)
 Oil (level)
 Water (level)
 Air (filter and connection)
 Fuel (level and lines)

LO4. Check Hydraulic excavator systems functions

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. Walk-around and operation check is observed while engine is

running.
2. Systems function and operation are checked according to
manufacturer’s specifications

CONTENTS:

 Safety start and warm up procedures

 Familiarization on switches, gauges and systems
monitor/indicators
 Audio and air conditioning system
 Electrical lighting and accessories
 Familiarization on work equipment function
 Familiarization on operator’s compartment
 Familiarization on controls, levers and pedals

LO5. Check safety devices and accessories

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
 1. Hydraulic excavator Safety devices are checked for
functionality according safety regulation
2. Personal safety devices are checked in accordance with OHS
procedure,

CONTENTS:

 General precaution and safety procedures

 Familiarization on safety levers and controls

LO.6 Perform post-operation procedures.

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:

1. Post operation check is performed based on standard

procedures.
2. Accomplished Daily Equipment Time Record/Report (DETR) in
line with company rules and policy.

CONTENTS:

 Proper Shutdown and post operation Procedures

 Safe Parking Procedures and practices
 Vandalism P
 Prevention

LEARNING OUTCOME # 1 IDENTIFY HYDRAULIC

EXCAVATOR TYPES /
 COMPONENTS STRUCTURE
CONTENTS:
 Types and Classifications of Hydraulic excavator and uses
 Components structure of Hydraulic excavator and their
functions.
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Types of Hydraulic excavator are identified.
2. Hydraulic excavator component structures are identified and
functions are explained.
CONDITIONS:
Students/trainees must be provided with the following:

 Unit of equipment (Backhoe Loader)

 Operations and maintenance manual
 Handouts/instructional materials
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
1. Direct observation
2. Written test/questioning

LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Learning Outcome 1: IDENTIFY HYDRAULIC EXCAVATOR

TYPES / COMPONENTS STRUCTURE
Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read Information Sheet 1.1

– 1 “Identify Hydraulic
 Excavator
types/components
structure”
2. Answer Self-Check 1.1-1
Compare to the answer key
1.1-1
3. Read information sheet 1.1-
1 “Parts of a Hydraulic
Excavator”
4. Answer self-check 1.1-1
Answer key 1.1-1

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-1

IDENTIFY HYDRAULIC EXCAVATOR TYPES / COMPONENTS

STRUCTURE

Learning Objective/s: After reading this information sheet, you

would be able to identify the suitable Hydraulic Excavator equipment
for specific job.

Here are the most common excavator types and their best uses

1. Excavator. A standard excavator has a boom, stick and bucket

attached to the front of the machine.
2. Wheeled Excavator
3. Reach Excavator
4. Dragline Excavator.
5. Backhoe Excavator
6. Hydraulic Shovels
7. Suction Excavator
A hydraulic excavator (digger) is a large vehicle that is designed for
excavation and demolition purposes. Hydraulic excavators consist of a
chassis, boom, and bucket, and move via tracks or wheels. They range
in size and function, an example of which is the similar but smaller
“mini excavator.”

Function of Excavator. Excavator is the machine that can excavate

the soil of various types forcefully and then using hydraulic system a
hydraulic force is generated and utilizing this force bucket is pull back
towards the machine.

WHAT DOES USING A DIGGER EXCAVATOR ACTUALLY INVOLVE?

The operator of the excavator uses pedals and levers to steer the
equipment, and to move backwards and forwards. Tracks, similar to
tank tracks, are activated by the diesel powered engine, and hydraulic
motors control the arm of the excavator

When a hydraulic pump operates, it performs two functions. First, its

mechanical action creates a vacuum at the pump inlet which allows
atmospheric pressure to force liquid from the reservoir into the inlet
line to the pump. A pump produces liquid movement or flow:
it does not generate pressure

SELF CHECK 1.1-1

I. True or False: Write t if the statement is correct and write f if

the statement is wrong.

1. Hydraulic Excavator is the machine that can excavate the

soil of various types forcefully and then using hydraulic
system
2. A hydraulic excavator (digger) is a large vehicle that is
designed for excavation and demolition purposes
3. The operator of the excavator uses pedals and levers to
steer the equipment,
4. A pump produces liquid movement or flow: it does not
generate pressure
5. A standard excavator has a boom, stick and bucket
attached to the front of the machine.
 ANSWER KEY 1.1-1

1. T
2. T
3. T
4. T
5. T
 TASK SHEET 1.1-1
Title: Identify Hydraulic Excavator /
Components Parts
Performance Objective:
Give the required area / facility venue, the needed
equipment and materials, the student will be identify the Hydraulic
Excavator types and components parts.
Supplies/Materials : Pre-operation inspection checklist
Equipment : Hydraulic Excavator
Steps/Procedure :
Identify the parts of a Hydraulic Excavator

Boom.
Boom Cylinder.
Bottom Roller(s)
Bucket.
Bucket Cylinder.
Cab, ROPS.
Car Body.
Dipper, Arm, Stick, Crowd Cylinder.
Check each part for defects/damage.
 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST
Task Sheet LO1. 1.1-1
CRITERIA Yes No
1. Types of Hydraulic Excavator are identified.
2. Hydraulic Excavator component structures are
identified and functions are explained.
LEARNING OUTCOME # 2 PERFORM VISUAL CHECK OF
EQUIPMENT.
CONTENTS:
 Specification, Limitations and Classifications of Hydraulic
Excavator based on operations and maintenance manual.
 Controls, instruments, indicators functions and application.
 Equipment brand, model, parts, warning decals, jobsite and
work conditions
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Hydraulic excavators are selected based on job requirements.
2. Operator serviceable (OS) parts are checked in accordance with
equipment checklist and manufacturer’s procedures.
3. Performed walk-around check with the hydraulic excavator,
with engine stopped and keys removed based on standard
procedures.
CONDITIONS:
Students/trainees must be provided with the following:

 Operations and maintenance manual

 Unit of equipment (Hydraulic Excavator)
 Pre-operation inspection checklist
 Workplace situation
 Handouts/instructional materials
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
1. Direct observation
2. Written test/questioning

LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Learning Outcome 2: Perform visual check of equipment

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read information sheet

1.1-2 “Check Operator
Serviceable Parts”
2. Answer self-check 1.1-2
Compare to the Answer key
1.1-2
3. Perform Task Sheet 1.1-2 Trainer evaluates the performance
“Check operator Serviceable and give recommendations.
(OS) Parts”
4. Read information sheet
2.1-2 “Equipment checklist”
5. Answer self-Check 1.1-2

Compare to answer key 1.1-2

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-2

PERFORM VISUAL CHECK

CLASSIFICATION OF HYDRAULIC EXCAVATOR

Crawler Excavators

Unlike other large excavators that run on wheels, crawlers run on

large two endless tracks, crawlers are often used in mining and heavy-
duty construction jobs. Also known as compact excavators, these
excavators use hydraulic power mechanisms to lift heavy debris and
soil.
Their chain wheel system allows them to slide down and scale hills
with less risk, making them suitable for grading hilly areas and
landscaping uneven terrain. While slower than other excavators,
crawlers provide overall greater balance, flexibility, and stability.

Dragline Excavators

The dragline excavator is a larger excavator that operates with a

different process. The equipment utilizes a hoist rope system that
attaches to a bucket via a hoist coupler. The other side of the bucket
is affixed to a dragline that runs from the bucket to the cab.
The hoist rope raises and lowers the bucket, while the dragline pulls
the bucket toward the driver.
Due to their weight, draglines are often assembled on site. The unique
system of this type of excavator is commonly used in large scale civil
engineering projects like canal dreading.

Suction Excavators

Also known as vacuum excavators, these excavators feature a suction

pipe capable of letting air providing up to 400 horsepower. The
excavator first releases a water jet to loosen the ground.
The pipe, which contains sharp teeth at the edge, then creates a
vacuum that carries away soil and debris up to 200 miles per hour. A
suction excavator is ideal for delicate underground applications, as it
can reduce the chance of damage by more than 50 percent.

Skid Steer Excavators

Unlike standard excavators, skid steers have booms and buckets that
face away from a driver. This orientation allows the attachments to
reach over the cab instead of around it, making them useful in more
narrow areas and maneuvering tricky turns.
They are often used for digging pools, site cleaning, residential work,
and debris removal, where space is more limited and objects are
spread out apart.
Long Reach Excavators

As its name suggests, a long reach excavator features a lengthier arm

and boom sections. The design allows for better operation in hard-to-
reach locations. The excavator’s extendable arm can reach over 100
feet horizontally.
These excavators are best used for demolition projects like structural
crumpling and breaking down walls and applications that are over a
body of water. Different attachments can be affixed to the arm to
perform additional jobs such as shearing, crushing, and cutting.

Excavator Attachments and Parts

An excavator’s design allows the construction equipment to be used

for many versatile purposes. Hydraulic cylinders, booms, arms, and
attachments provide digging and holding functionalities, while a
house-like cab provides the driver with controls to direct the
excavator. A rotating platform and wheels provide the necessary
mobility to lift and remove debris from the work site.
Excavators use a variety of hydraulic attachments that serve different
purposes. In addition to a bucket, other common attachments include
an auger, breaker, grapple, auger, lamp, and quick coupler.

Buckets
Buckets are the most common attachments seen on excavators. These
steel attachments have teeth-like edges that can provide digging and
scooping capabilities. Buckets come in different varieties. The most
common are ditching buckets — which is designed for grading stones
— and trenching buckets, which are used to dig trenches.

Auger
Attaching an auger allows you to bore into the ground. Powered by
hydraulic circuits, these helical attachments have the ability to reach
over objects and drill deep holes. Augers come in different
specifications and sizes for various digging conditions and terrains —
they range from 4 inches to 50 inches in length and can dig up to 32
feet.

Breaker
Breakers are similar to jackhammers but are much larger in size.
With the ability to provide up to 1000 pounds of impact energy, these
attachments are used to break into tougher surfaces like stone and
concrete.

Clamp
Clamps allow excavator operators to pick up large materials such as
tree stumps and concrete that are too oversized for a bucket. The
attachments can be used with buckets or as pieces in a grapple.
Clamps are easy to attach and detach from excavators.

Coupler
Couplers allow you to quickly switch between tools and attachments
without a crew. This is handy when you are moving between different
tasks and processes on a job site.

Excavators (hydraulic) are heavy construction equipment consisting of

a boom, dipper (or stick), bucket and cab on a rotating platform
known as the "house “The house sits atop an undercarriage
with tracks or wheels. They are a natural progression from the steam
shovels and often mistakenly called power shovels. All movement and
functions of a hydraulic excavator are accomplished through the use
of hydraulic fluid, with hydraulic cylinders and motors. Due to the
linear actuation of hydraulic cylinders, their mode of operation is
fundamentally different from cable-operated excavators which
use winches and steel ropes to accomplish the movements.

Function and Use of Hydraulic Excavator

Hydraulic excavators are entirely dependent on hydraulic systems.

The chassis allows the driver to control the hydraulic
excavator by using levers to drive the vehicle, raising the boom up and
down, and controlling the bucket. Because the chassis is built on top
of the undercarriage, it is able to rotate 360 degrees.

Two Types of Hydraulic Excavator Control

The most commonly used control pattern throughout the world is the
ISO controls. In the ISO control pattern, the left hand
joystick controls Swing (left & right) and the Stick Boom (away &
close), and the right hand joystick controls the Main Boom (up &
down) and Bucket motions (close & dump).
 SELF-CHECK OF 1.1-2

I. Identification. Identify what is being asked.

1. Also known as compact excavators
2. The equipment utilizes a hoist rope system that attaches
to a bucket via a hoist coupler
3. Also known as vacuum excavators
4. They are often used for digging pools, site cleaning,
residential work, and debris removal, where space is more
limited and objects are spread out apart.
5. a long reach excavator features a lengthier arm and boom
sections.
 ANSWER KEY OF 1.1-2

1. Crawler Excavators
2. Dragline Excavators
3. Suction Excavators
4. Skid Steer Excavators
5. Long Reach Excavators
 TASK SHEET 1.1-2
Title: PERFORM VISUAL CHECK OF
EQUIPMENT.
Performance Objective:
Give the required area / facility venue, the needed
equipment and materials, the student will be able to perform
Checking Operator Serviceable (OS) Parts in one hour only (1 hour).
Supplies/Materials : Pre-operation inspection checklist
Equipment : Hydraulic Excavator
Steps/Procedure :
Identify the parts of a Hydraulic Excavator

Boom.
Boom Cylinder.
Bottom Roller(s)
Bucket.
Bucket Cylinder.
Cab, ROPS.
Car Body.
Dipper, Arm, Stick, Crowd Cylinder.
 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST
Task Sheet LO2. 1.1-2
CRITERIA Yes No
1. OS (Operator’s Serviceable) parts/standard is
serviced according to the manufacturer’s
condition.
2. Fluids and lubricants are used based on
manufacturer’s specification
3. Appropriate basic hand tools and equipment
are used as per job requirements.
LEARNING OUTCOME # 3 Perform BLOWAF Check
CONTENTS:
 Battery (conditions and connections)
 Lights (Lighting System)
 Oil ( level)
 Water (level)
 Air ( air filter and connections)
 Fuel ( level , lines and connections)

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. BLOWAF inspection are performed following equipment
checklist and with engine stopped.
CONDITIONS:
Students/Trainees must be provided with the following:

 Operations and maintenance manual

 Unit of equipment (Backhoe Loader)
 Pre-operation inspection checklist
 Workplace situation
 Fluids and lubricants (hydraulic oil, engine oil, brake fluid,
transmission/gear oil, distilled water and grease)
 Handouts/instructional materials
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
1. Direct observation
2. Written test/questioning
 LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Learning Outcome 3: Perform BLOWAF Check

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read information sheet

1.1-3 “Perform BLOWAF
Check”
2. Answer self-check 1.1-3
Compare to the Answer key
1.1-3
3. Perform Task Sheet 1.1-3 Trainer evaluates the performance
“Perform BLOWAF Check” and give recommendations.

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-3

PERFORM BLOWAF CHECK

Learning Objective/s: After reading this INFORMATION SHEET, the
trainee must be able to know how to perform BLOWAF.

PERFORM BLOWAF

B – Battery (starting and charging system)

L – Light (lightning system)

O – Oil (lubricating system)

W – Water (cooling system)

A – Air (intake and exhaust system)]

F – Fuel (fuel system)

A car battery is a type of electric battery that supplies electric energy

to the starter motor and the ignition system of a vehicle’s engine. The
term is also used for the main power source of an electric vehicle
(traction battery).

They are usually lead-acid batteries that provide a nominal 12-volt

(actually 12.6 volt) potential difference by serially connecting six cells
that each produce about 2 to 2.1 volts. As other batteries of its type, it
is made up of plates of lead and lead oxide. These plates are
submerged into a 35% sulfuric acid and 65% water solution called the
electrolyte solution. This process causes a chemical reaction that
releases electrons, allowing them to flow through conductors thus
producing electricity. As a lead acid battery discharges, the lead plate
gets thinner. When the battery is recharged, the lead is redeposited on
the plates allowing the process to be repeated.

Types

Car batteries have different uses and various other elements are
alloyed with the lead such as a calcium, cadmium or strontium to
change density, hardness, or porosity of the plates.
 The starting (cranking) or shallow cycle type is designed to
deliver quick burst of energy, usually to start an engine. They
usually have a greater plate count in order to have a larger
 surface area that provides high amperage for short period of
time. Once the engine is started, they are being continuously
recharged.
 The deep cycle type is designed to continuously provide power
for long periods of time (for example in a golf cart). They can
also be used to store energy from a photovoltaic array or a small
wind turbine. They usually have thicker plates in order to have
a greater capacity and survive a higher number of
charge/discharge cycles.

Use and Maintenance

Fluid Level

The majority of batteries today are maintenance free and don’t require
top up. If your battery has easily detachable tops then a top up may
be required from time to time. In this case simply remove the tops and
top up the cells with distilled or deionized water just above the visible
plates.

Tap or rain water should never be used they both can contain high
levels of minerals which will impair battery performance.

Charge and discharge

There are several different methods used to recharge a depleted

battery. The most gentle of these is called trickle charging. Other
methods include slow-charging and quick-charging, the latter being
the harshest.

Changing a battery

In the vast majority of automobiles, the grounding is provided by

connecting the body of the car to the negative electrode of the battery,
a system called “negative ground”. In the past this was different, some
cars had positive ground, but such vehicles were found to suffer worse
body corrosion and, sometimes, blocked radiators due to deposition of
metal sludge.

When removing a car battery, the ground connection should be

removed first and the other connection second. This ensures that a
short circuit will not occur by a wrench touching grounded engine
parts while disconnecting the other terminal. When connecting a
battery, connect the live (or positive) connection first and then the
grounded one.

Light

The lightning system of a motor vehicle consists of lightning and

signaling devices mounted or integrated to the front, sides and rear of
the vehicle. The purpose of this system is to provide illumination by
which for the driver to operate the vehicle safely after dark to increase
the conspicuity of the vehicle and to display information about the
vehicle’s presence, position, size, direction of travel and intended
travel, and brake status.

Oil

In a general sense, is a chemical compound that is not miscible with

water, and is usually in a liquid state at ambient temperatures,
although some substances deemed to be oils, such as palm oil and
coconut oil, are solid at ambient temperatures. Such substances are
sometimes described as hydrophobic (meaning water hating) or
lipophilic (meaning fat loving).

Water

Water cooling is a method of heat removal from components. As

opposed to air cooling, water is used as the heat transmitter. Water
cooling is commonly used for cooling internal combustion engines in
automobiles and electrical generators. Other uses include cooling the
lubricant oil of pumps; for cooling purposes in heat exchangers; and
cooling products from tanks or columns.

The advantages of using water cooling over air include water’s higher
specific heat capacity, density and thermal conductivity. This allows
water to transmit heat over greater distances with much less
volumetric flow and reduced temperature difference. For cooling CPU
cores, this is its primary advantage: the tremendously increased
ability to transport heat away from source to a secondary cooling
surface allows for large, more optimally designed radiators rather than
small, inefficient fins mounted on or near a heat source such as a
CPU core.

The use of water cooling carries the risk of damage from freezing.
Automotive and many other engine cooling applications require the
use of a water and antifreeze mixture to lower the freezing point to a
temperature unlikely to be experienced. Antifreeze also inhibits
corrosion from dissimilar metals and can increase the boiling point,
allowing a wider range of water cooling temperatures. Its distinctive
odor also alerts operators to cooling system leaks and problems that
would go unnoticed in a water-only cooling system.
Another less common chemical additive is products to reduce surface
tension. These additives are meant to increase the efficiency of
automotive cooling system. Such products are used to enhance the
cooling of underperforming or undersized cooling systems or in racing
where the weight of a larger cooling system could be a disadvantage.

Air

An intake is an air intake for an engine. Because the modern internal

combustion engine is in essence a powerful air pump, like the exhaust
system on an engine, the intake must be carefully engineered and
tuned to provide the greatest efficiency and power. An ideal intake
system should increase the velocity of the air until it travels in to the
combustion chamber, while minimizing turbulence and restriction of
flow. This is usually accomplished by flow testing on a flow bench in
the port design stage. Cars with turbochargers which provide a
pressurized intake system, usually have extensive tweaking of the
intake system to improve performance dramatically.

A modern air intake system should have three main parts, an air
filter, mas flow sensor, and throttle body. Many cars today now
include a silencer to minimize the noise entering the cabin. Silencers
impede air flow and create turbulence which reduce total power, so
many performance enthusiasts often remove them.

Fuel Oil

Oils contain a large amount of stored energy, which can be converted

by burning into other forms of energy. Fuel oil is used for heating,
lighting (c.f. kerosene lamp) and powering combustion engines. Oils
used for this purpose are usually derived from petroleum, but
biological sources of energy are being evaluated as an alternative to
the increasingly expensive crude oil.
 SELF-CHECK 1.1-3

1. What is car battery?

2. What is fuel oil?
3. In removing a car battery which one should removed first and why?
4. Enumerate BLOWAF and give short explanation.
5. Give at least three different methods to recharge a depleted battery.
 ANSWER KEY 1.1-3

1. A car battery is a type of electric battery that supplies electric

energy to the starter motor and the ignition system of a vehicles
engine.

2. Fuel oil is used for heating, lighting and powering combustion

engines.

3. The ground connection should be removed first to ensures that a

short circuit will not occur by a wrench touching grounded engine
parts while disconnecting the other terminal.

4. B – Battery (starting and charging system)

L – Light (lightning system)
O – Oil (lubricating system)
W – Water (cooling system)
A – Air (intake and exhaust system)]
F – Fuel (fuel system)

5. Trickle Charging
Slow Charging
Quick Charging
 TASK SHEET 1.1-3
Title: PERFORM BLOWAF CHECK
Performance Objective: Know how to adopt (BLOWAF) procedure in
checking the vehicle.
Supplies/Materials : Pre-operation inspection checklist
Equipment : Hydraulic Excavator
Steps/Procedure :
PERFORM BLOWAF

B – Battery (starting and charging system)

L – Light (lightning system)

O – Oil (lubricating system)

W – Water (cooling system)

A – Air (intake and exhaust system)]

F – Fuel (fuel system)

 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST
Task Sheet LO3. 1.1-3
CRITERIA Yes No
1. BLOWAF inspection are performed following
equipment checklist and with engine stopped.
LEARNING OUTCOME # 4 CHECK HYDRAULIC
EXCAVATOR SYSTEMS
FUNCTIONS
CONTENTS:
 Safety start and warm up procedures
 Familiarization on switches, gauges and systems
monitor/indicators
 Audio and air conditioning system
 Electrical lighting and accessories
 Familiarization on work equipment function
 Familiarization on operator’s compartment
 Familiarization on controls, levers and pedals
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Walk-around and operation check is observed while engine is
running.
2. Systems function and operation are checked according to
manufacturer’s specifications
CONDITIONS:
Students/trainees must be provided with the following:

 Operations and maintenance manual

 Unit of equipment (hydraulic excavator)
 After-start/operation checklist
 Workplace situation
 Fluids and lubricants (hydraulic oil, engine oil, brake fluid,
transmission/gear oil , grease)
 Handouts/instructional materials

ASSESSMENT METHODS:
1. Direct observation
2. Written test/questioning

LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Learning Outcome 4: CHECK HYDRAULIC EXCAVATRO SYSTEMS

FUNCTIONS
 Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read information sheet

1.1-4 “Check Hydraulic
Excavator systems
functions”
2. Answer self-check 1.1-4
Compare to the Answer key
1.1-4
3. Perform Task Sheet 1.1-4 Trainer evaluates the performance
“Check Hydraulic Excavator and give recommendations.
systems functions”

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-4

How to Check the Fluid in a Bobcat

1. Check the oil fluid level. Pull out the dipstick. ...
2. Pull down the "Hood Open" lever in the front of the engine to
open the engine cover
3. Hold the cover open and place the rod in the retaining bracket
to keep it open.
 4. Check the coolant level.
5. Check the hydraulic oil level

Visual Tests
Is the electric motor running? This sounds like a no-brainer, but it
should not be overlooked. I was teaching a class at a plant in
Kentucky a few years ago when a student came in one morning and
said they had an overheating problem on the press the previous night.
He said they changed the filtering and cooling pump to only find out
later that the motor had been turned off.
Is the pump shaft rotating? Many times this is difficult to tell because
of coupling guards and C-face mounts. I know of one plant where the
pressure at the pump outlet port was fluctuating. They changed the
pump and found that the worn key on the shaft had damaged the
keyway on the coupling.
Check the oil level. This also should be obvious, as it often is the only
thing checked before the pump is changed. The oil level should be 3
inches above the pump suction. Otherwise, a vortex can form in the
reservoir, allowing air into the pump.
If the oil level is low, determine where the leak is in the system. Leaks
can be difficult to find. A press-roll hydraulic system at a paper mill in
South Carolina had a continual problem with low oil levels, but the
leak could not be found. The hydraulic unit was in the basement, and
the piping ran up through the deck to the roll upstairs. To help find
the leak, dye was added to the reservoir. An ultraviolet flashlight and
goggles were then used to locate the leak, which was 30 feet in the air
just below the second level.

A pump with a cracked mounting bracket

led to shaft misalignment and a worn seal.

Sound Checks
What does the pump sound like when it is operating
normally? Vane pumps generally are quieter than piston and gear
pumps. If the pump has a high-pitched whining sound, it most likely
is activating. If it has a knocking sound, like marbles rattling around,
then aeration is probably occurring.
Cavitation
Cavitation is the formation and collapse of air cavities in the liquid.
When the pump cannot get the total volume of oil it needs, cavitation
occurs. Hydraulic oil contains approximately 9 percent dissolved air.
When the pump does not receive adequate oil volume at its suction
port, high vacuum pressure occurs.
This dissolved air is pulled out of the oil on the suction side and then
collapses or implodes on the pressure side. The implosions produce a
very steady, high-pitched sound. As the air bubbles collapse, damage
is caused inside the pump.

An arrow on the gear pump’s

housing indicates the direction of rotation.

Aeration
Aeration is sometimes known as pseudo cavitation because air is
entering the pump suction cavity. However, the causes of aeration are
entirely different than that of cavitation. While cavitation pulls air out
of the oil, aeration is the result of outside air entering the pump’s
suction line.
A number of things can cause aeration, including an air leak in the
suction line. This could be in the form of a loose connection, a cracked
line or an improper fitting seal. One method of finding the leak is to
squirt oil around the suction line fittings. The fluid will be
momentarily drawn into the suction line, and the knocking sound
inside the pump will stop for a short period of time once the air flow
path is found.
Last year I received a troubleshooting call from a paper mill in
Wisconsin where one of the pressure-compensating pumps had been
changed because it would not build and maintain pressure. When the
new pump also did not build pressure, the manual valve in the outlet
line was closed to isolate the pump from the system.
Pressure still would not build up. Since there were no other valves in
the outlet line, the issue had to be in the suction line. After closer
inspection, a crack was found in the suction line pipe.
A bad shaft seal can also cause aeration if the system is supplied by
one or more fixed displacement pumps. Oil that bypasses inside a
fixed displacement pump is ported back to the suction port. If the
shaft seal is worn or damaged, air can flow through the seal and into
the pump’s suction cavity.
This recently occurred on a refiner where the hydraulic pump was
used to maintain a precise gap between the discs. Several minutes
after the system was turned on, foam started coming out of the
reservoir.
After the pump was changed, a crack was found in the mounting
bracket. This led to the shaft being out of alignment, wearing the seal.
A misaligned coupling can cause a shaft seal to wear prematurely as
well.
As mentioned previously, if the oil level is too low, oil can enter the
suction line and flow into the pump. Therefore, always check the oil
level with all cylinders in the retracted position.
If a new pump is installed and pressure will not build, the shaft may
be rotating in the wrong direction. Some gear pumps can be rotated in
either direction, but most have an arrow on the housing indicating the
direction of rotation.
Pump rotation should always be viewed from the shaft end. If the
pump is rotated in the wrong direction, adequate fluid will not fill the
suction port due to the pump’s internal design.

The compensator setting limits the

maximum pressure at the outlet port
of a variable displacement pump.

Testing a Fixed Displacement Pump

A fixed displacement pump delivers a constant volume of oil for a
given shaft speed. A relief valve must be included downstream of the
pump to limit the maximum pressure in the system.
After the visual and sound checks are made, the next step is to
determine whether you have a volume or pressure problem. If the
pressure will not build to the desired level, isolate the pump and relief
valve from the system.
This can be done by closing a valve, plugging the line downstream or
blocking the relief valve. If pressure builds when this is done, there is
a component downstream of the isolation point that is bypassing. If
the pressure does not build up, the pump or relief valve is bad.
If the system is operating at a slower speed, a volume problem exists.
Pumps wear over time, which results in less oil being delivered. While
a flow meter can be installed in the pump’s outlet line, this is not
always practical, as the proper fittings and adapters may not be
available.
To determine if the pump is badly worn and bypassing, first check the
current to the electric motor. If possible, this test should be made
when the pump is new to establish a reference. Electric motor
horsepower is relative to the hydraulic horsepower required by the
system.
This is shown in the following formula: electric motor horsepower (hp)
= gallons per minute (GPM) x pounds per square inch (psi) x 0.00067.
For example, if a 50-GPM pump is used and the maximum pressure is
1,500 psi, a 50-hp motor will be required. If the pump is delivering
less oil than when it was new, the current to drive the pump will drop.
A 230-volt, 50-hp motor has an average full load rating of 130 amps.
If the amperage is considerably lower, the pump is most likely
bypassing and should be changed.
The temperature of the pump housing and suction line should also be
checked. A severe increase in temperature indicates a badly worn
pump.
To isolate a fixed displacement pump and relief valve from the system,
close a valve or plug the line downstream (left). If pressure builds, a
component downstream of the isolation point is bypassing (right).

Testing a Variable Displacement Pump

The most common type of variable displacement pump is the
pressure-compensating design. The compensator setting limits the
maximum pressure at the pump’s outlet port. The pump should be
isolated as described for the fixed displacement pump.
If pressure does not build up, the relief valve or pump compensator
may be bad. Prior to checking either component, perform the
necessary lockout procedures and verify that the pressure at the
outlet port is zero psi. The relief valve and compensator can then be
taken apart and checked for contamination, wear and broken springs.
If a volume problem exists in the system, perform the following tests:
1. Check the tank line temperature of the relief valve with a
temperature gun or infrared camera. The tank line should be
near ambient temperature. If the line is hot, the relief valve is
either stuck partially open or is set too low.
2. Install a flow meter in the case drain line and check the flow
rate. Most variable displacement pumps bypass 1-3 percent of
the maximum pump volume through the case drain line. If the
flow rate reaches 10 percent, the pump should be changed.
Permanently installing a flow meter in the case drain line is an
excellent reliability and troubleshooting tool.
3. Check the current on the drive motor.
4. Ensure the compensator is 200 psi above the maximum load
pressure. If set too low, the compensator spool will shift and
 start reducing the pump volume when the system is calling for
maximum volume.
Performing these recommended tests should help you make good
decisions about the condition of your pumps or the cause of pump
failures. If you change a pump, have a reason for changing it. Don’t
just do it because you have a spare one in stock.
Conduct a reliability assessment on each of your hydraulic systems so
when an issue occurs, you will have current pressure and
temperature readings to consult.

3 Reasons Why a Pump Cavitates

1. The oil viscosity is too high. Low oil temperature increases the
oil viscosity, making it harder for the oil to reach the pump.
Most hydraulic systems should not be started with the oil any
colder than 40 degrees F and should not be put under load until
the oil is at least 70 degrees F.

Many reservoirs do not have heaters, particularly in the South.

Even when heaters are available, they are often disconnected.
While the damage may not be immediate, if a pump is
continually started up when the oil is too cold, the pump
eventually will fail prematurely.

2. The suction filter or strainer is contaminated. The strainer

typically is 74 or 149 microns and is used to keep “large”
particles out of the pump. The strainer may be located inside or
outside the reservoir. Strainers located inside the reservoir are
out of sight and out of mind. Many times maintenance
personnel are not even aware that there is a strainer in the
reservoir.
The suction strainer should be removed from the line or
reservoir and cleaned a minimum of once a year. I was called in
to help a plant troubleshoot a system where they had already
changed five pumps in a week’s time. I noticed that the breather
cap was missing, which was allowing dirty air to flow into the
 reservoir.

A check of the hydraulic schematic showed a strainer in the

suction line inside the tank. When the strainer was removed, a
shop rag was found wrapped around the screen mesh.
Apparently, someone had used the rag to plug the breather cap
opening, and it had then fallen into the tank.
3. The electric motor is driving the hydraulic pump at a speed that
is higher than the pump’s rating. All pumps have a
recommended maximum drive speed. If the speed is too high, a
higher volume of oil will be needed at the suction port.

Due to the size of the suction port, adequate oil cannot fill the
suction cavity in the pump, resulting in cavitation. Although
this rarely happens, some pumps are rated at a maximum drive
speed of 1,200 revolutions per minute (RPM), while others have
a maximum speed of 3,600 RPM. The drive speed should be
checked any time a pump is replaced with a different brand or
model.
 SELF-CHECK 1.1-4

I. Fill in the Blank. Write the missing word/s

to complete the steps in Checking
the Fluid in a Bobcat

1. Check the oil ________. Pull out the dipstick. ...

2. Pull down the____________ lever in the front of the engine to
open the engine cover
3. Hold the cover open and place the ____ in the retaining bracket
to keep it open.
4. Check the _________.
5. Check the __________ oil level
 ANSWER KEY 1.1-4

1. Fluid level.
2. "Hood Open"
3. rod
4. coolant level
5. hydraulic
 TASK SHEET 1.1-4
Title: CHECK SAFETY DEVICES AND
ACCESSORIES
Performance Objective: Give the required area/ facility venue, the
needed equipment and materials.
Supplies/Materials : Pre-operation inspection checklist
Equipment : Hydraulic Excavator
Steps/Procedure :
 Visual Checks
 Physical Checks
 Check of liquid levels
 Hand brake
 Transmission – forward and reverse positive movement
 Brakes and inching pedal
 Full range of steering movement
 Lift control, tilt control and side shift if fitted
 Additional devices fitted
 Horn, flashing lights, headlamps, indicator, reversing
lights and beeper
 Instruments are working correctly

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST

Task Sheet LO4. 1.1-4
CRITERIA Yes No
1. Observed walk-around and operation check while
engine is running.
2. Systems operation are checked and conforms
with manufacturer’s specifications

LEARNING OUTCOME # 5 CHECK SAFETY DEVICES AND

ACCESSORIES

CONTENTS:
 General precaution and safety procedures
 Familiarization on safety levers and controls

ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
1. Hydraulic Excavator safety devices are checked for
functionality according safety regulation
 2. Personal safety devices are checked in accordance with OHS
procedure,

CONDITIONS:
Students/trainees must be provided with the following:

 Operations and maintenance manual

 Unit of equipment (Hydraulic Excavator)
 Post-operation checklist
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
1. Direct observation
2. Written test/questioning

LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Learning Outcome : CHECK SAFETY DEVICES AND

ACCESSORIES

Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read information sheet

1.1-5 “Check safety devices
and accessories”
2. Answer self-check 1.1-5
Compare to the Answer key
1.1-5
3. Perform Task Sheet 1.1-5 Trainer evaluates the performance
“Check safety devices and and give recommendations.
 accessories”

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-5

CHECK SAFETY DEVICES AND ACCESSORIES

The crane is usually equipped with many protection devices to ensure

crane safety and avoid potential dangers.
The load lifting limiter is a crane safety device to restrict the lifting
weight of the crane. If the crane is overloaded, the device will cut the
lifting electrical loop and give the alarming message, since the
overloaded lifting weight not only damages the crane itself but also
leads people around the crane into danger. Therefore, in order to
guarantee the safety of the crane, operators should predict the lifting
weight in the beginning, prepare a large tonnage crane or use two
cranes to work together.
The lifting height limiter is another crane safety device on the crane
hook to protect the safety of the crane. When the lifting hook rises to
the limited height, the device will automatically cut power and remain
enough safety height to ensure the lifting braking has enough safety
distance. This device is well-designed by engineers after taking various
cases into consideration. When the operator incorrectly operates the
crane, the journey inhibiting device will automatically cut the power of
the crane's running mechanism to stop the crane operation
immediately, ensuring the safety of the operator and the crane.
Site Set-Up
 Contact local utilities and other responsible parties to locate
overhead and underground utility lines before beginning work.
Avoid working near overhead power lines
 Do not permit hydraulic excavators or backhoes to be operated
on grades steeper than those specified by the manufacturer.
 Make sure that workers position machinery at a safe distance
from excavations such as trenches.

Equipment Operators
 Train equipment operators in the proper use of the equipment
they are assigned to operate. Be sure to follow manufacturers'
specifications and recommendations.
 Continually evaluate safety programs to address changing
conditions at the worksite.
 Clearly identify and label all machine controls and make sure
that the manufacturers' safety features are working.
 Install and maintain equipment attachments and their
operating systems according to manufacturers' specifications.
 Securely latch attachments (such as quick-disconnect buckets)
before work begins.
 Follow the manufacturer's instructions for using positive locks
on quick-disconnect equipment.
 Train operators to conduct visual and operational checks on all
machine systems and operating controls before working the
machine.
 Make frequent visual inspections of quick-disconnect systems—
especially after changing attachments.
 Use the ROPS and seat belts supplied by the manufacturer. Do
not remove the ROPS.
 Do not exceed load capacities when lifting materials.
 Instruct operators to lower the boom to a safe position with the
bucket on the ground and turn off the machine before stepping
off for any reason.

*Code of Federal Regulation. See CFR in reference

Other Site Workers

 Train site workers to recognize and avoid unsafe conditions and
to follow required safe work practices that apply to their work
environments.
 Make all workers on the site aware of the machines' established
swing areas and blind spots before the operator works the
 machine. Keep workers on foot outside these areas by marking
them with rope, tape, or other barriers.
 Before each work shift begins, review and confirm
communications signals between machine operators and
workers on foot.
 Instruct machine operators to keep the bucket as close to the
ground as possible when workers are attaching loads for
hoisting.
 Keep workers outside the hydraulic excavator swing areas and
clear of attachments when using the machines for hoisting
materials. Do not allow workers to stand under suspended loads
or suspended machine components such as the boom, arm, or
bucket.
 Do not permit workers on foot to approach the hydraulic
excavator or backhoe loader until they signal the operator to
shut down the machine and receive acknowledgment from the
operator.
 Use spotters or signal persons around operating equipment
when necessary.
 Never permit workers to ride in or work from excavator or
backhoe loader buckets.
 Provide appropriate personal protective equipment and make
sure that workers use and maintain it.
 SELF-CHECK 1.1-5

I. True or False. Write T if the statement is correct and

write F if the statement is wrong.

1. The crane is usually equipped with many protection devices to

ensure crane safety and avoid potential dangers.
2. The load lifting limiter is a crane safety device to restrict the
lifting weight of the crane.
3. The lifting height limiter is another crane safety device on the
crane hook to protect the safety of the crane.
4. When the operator incorrectly operates the crane, the journey
inhibiting device will automatically cut the power of the crane's
running mechanism to stop the crane operation immediately,
ensuring the safety of the operator and the crane
5. Instruct machine operators to keep the bucket as close to the
ground as possible when workers are attaching loads for
hoisting
 ANSWER KEY 1.1-5

1. T
2. T
3. T
4. T
5. T
 TASK SHEET 1.1-5
Title: CHECK SAFETY DEVICES AND ACCESSORIES
Performance Objective: Give the required area/ facility venue, the
needed equipment and materials.
Supplies/Materials : Pre-operation inspection checklist
Equipment : Hydraulic Excavator
Steps/Procedure :
 Visual Checks
 Physical Checks
 Check of liquid levels
 Hand brake
 Transmission – forward and reverse positive movement
 Brakes and inching pedal
 Full range of steering movement
 Lift control, tilt control and side shift if fitted
 Additional devices fitted
 Horn, flashing lights, headlamps, indicator, reversing
lights and beeper
 Instruments are working correctly

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST

Task Sheet LO5. 1.1-5
CRITERIA Yes No
1. Backhoe loader safety devices are checked for
functionality according safety regulation
2. Personal safety devices are checked in
accordance with OHS procedure

LEARNING OUTCOME 6 PERFORM POST-OPERATION

PROCEDURES
CONTENTS:
 Proper shutdown and post operation procedures
 Safe parking procedures and practices
 Vandalism prevention
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
 1. Post operation check is performed based on standard
procedures.
2. Accomplished daily equipment time record/report (DETR) in line
with company rules and policy.
CONDITIONS:
Students/trainees must be provided with the following:

 Operations and maintenance manual

 Unit of equipment (Hydraulic Excavator)
 Post-operation checklist
 Jobsite/ simulate area
ASSESSMENT METHODS:
1. Direct observation
2. Written test/questioning

LEARNING EXPERIENCES

Learning Outcome : PERFORM POST-OPERATION CHECKING

PROCEDURES.
Learning Activities Special Instructions

1. Read information sheet

1.1-6 “Perform post-
operation checking
procedures”
2. Answer self-check 1.1-6
Compare to the Answer key
 1.1-6
3. Perform Task Sheet 1.1-6 Trainer evaluates the performance
“Perform post-operation and give recommendations.
checking procedures”

INFORMATION SHEET 1.1-6

PERFORM POST-OPERATION CHECKING PROCEDURES

Moving the Machine

1. Make sure area is clear.

2. Turn the engine speed dial to the operating range.
3. Move hydraulic lockout control to UNLOCKED position.
4. Raise boom.
5. Select desired travel speed.
6. Ensure the position of the upper structure and undercarriage is
known. ...
7. Turn engine speed dial to desired speed.

REFUELLING
 1. For gas-powered vehicles, change gas bottles in a well-ventilated
area clear of a naked flame or source of ignition.
2. For battery-operated vehicles, charge in well-ventilated area.

DON’T
 Do not use faulty equipment. Report any faults immediately.
 Do not use engine-powered backhoe loader in poorly ventilated
areas.
 Do not allow anyone to ride on the forks.
 Do not lift a load with the mast tilted forward.
 Do not travel with forks raised or reach mechanism extended.
 Never travel with the load elevated.
 Do not attempt to turn on an incline or sloping surface.
 Do not dismount from a backhoe loader while the engine is
running unless the vehicle has completely stopped,
transmission is in park position, and the parking brake is
effectively engaged.
 Do not leave forks elevated when backhoe loader is unattended.
 Do not refuel an engine-powered backhoe loader unless the
motor is stopped and ignition turned off.

SELF-CHECK 1.1-6

Fill in the Blank. Write the missing word/s to complete the steps
in Moving the Machine (Backhoe Loader)

1. Make sure area is ______.

2. Turn the ___________ dial to the operating range.
3. Move hydraulic ___________ to UNLOCKED position.
4. Raise _______.
5. Select desired _________.
6. Ensure the position of the ___________ and undercarriage is
known. ...
7. Turn ___________ dial to desired speed.
 ANSWER KEY 1.1-6

1. Clear
2. Engine speed
3. Lockout control
4. Boom
5. Travel speed
6. Upper structure
7. Engine speed
 TASK SHEET 1.1-6

Title: PERFORM POST-OPERATION CHECKING

PROCEDURES

Performance Objective: Give the required area/ facility venue, the

needed equipment and materials.
Supplies/Materials : Pre-operation inspection checklist
Equipment : Backhoe Loader
Steps/Procedure :
 Pre-Operational Safety Checks
 Operational Safety Checks
 Refueling
 Ending Operations and Cleaning Up
 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST
Task Sheet LO6. 1.1-6
CRITERIA Yes No
1. Post operation check is performed based on
standard procedures.
2. Accomplished daily equipment time
record/report (DETR) in line with company
rules and policy.