Chapter III - Speaking Mathematically (Part I)
Chapter III - Speaking Mathematically (Part I)
Chapter III - Speaking Mathematically (Part I)
Module 3
Mathematics in
the Modern
World
ü It is represented by a letter,
like x or y.
ü A symbol for a value we
don't know yet.
Advantage of Using
Variables
ü It allows you to give a
temporary name to what you
are seeking so that you can
p e r f o r m c o n c r e t e
computations with it to help
discover its possible values.
Example
Is there a number with the following property:
2x + 3 = x²
Advantage of Using Variables
x² + y² = (x + y)²
EXAMPLES:
A = {a, e, i, o, u}
Notation
Answer:
A, B, C have exactly the same three
elements, 1, 2, 3. Therefore A, B, and C
are simply represented in different ways.
Using the Set -
Roster Notation
• Example:
Is {0} = 0?
Answer:
{0} ≠ 0 because {0} is a set with one
element, namely 0, whereas 0 is just the
symbol that represents the number zero.
Using the Set -
Roster Notation
• Example:
How many elements are in the set {1,
{1}}?
Answer:
The set {1, {1}} has two elements: 1 and
the set whose only element is 1.
Definitions Regarding Sets
EXAMPLES:
A = {even numbers less than 10}
B = {days in a week}
Definitions Regarding Sets
EXAMPLES:
A = {even numbers greater than 20}
B = {odd numbers}
C= {stars in the sky}
Equal and Equivalent
Sets
ü Equal sets are set with exactly the
same elements and cardinality.
Example:
A = {c, a, r, e}
B = {r, a, c, e}
Equal and Equivalent
Sets
ü Equivalent sets are set with the same
number of elements or cardinality.
Example:
A = {a, e, i, o, u}
B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
Joint and Disjoint
Sets
ü Jo i nt set s a re set wi t h c o m m o n
elements (intersection).
Example:
A = {c, a, r, e}
B = {b, e, a, r, s}
Joint Sets
Example:
A = {c, a, r, e}
B = {b, e, a, r, s} a,
c, a, r, e r, b, e, a, r, s
e
Joint and Disjoint
Sets
ü Disjoint sets are set with no common
elements.
Example:
A = {a, b, c)
B = {e, f, g}
Disjoint Sets
Example:
A = {a, b, c)
B = {e, f, g}
a, b, c e, f, g
Let’s Talk!
E-mail
kjcastillo@rtu.edu.ph
Mobile Number
+63 950 593 7357
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