#1 - Kuliah Integrasi Farmakokinetik 2017
#1 - Kuliah Integrasi Farmakokinetik 2017
#1 - Kuliah Integrasi Farmakokinetik 2017
DRUG
– ANY SUBSTANCE USED TO DIAGNOSE, TREAT, RELIEVE,
CURE OR PREVENT DISEASE
– MAY ALSO BE USED TO ELIMINATE PAIN, AND ALTER MOOD
OR BEHAVIOR
– HAS THE POTENTIAL TO CHANGE ONE OR MORE BODILY
FUNCTION
• ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS
– THE WRITTEN PRESCRIBING THAT A LICENSED INDIVIDUAL
GIVES TO HAVE DRUGS DISPENSED.
– DENTAL ASSISTANTS MAY NOT PRESCRIBE DRUGS BUT MAY
DISPENSE UNDER DIRECT SUPERVISION.
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ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION
ENTERAL ROUTES
– ORAL BY MOUTH (po)
• ADVANTAGES
– MOST COMMONLY USED METHOD
– EASIEST METHOD TO CONTROL
– ACCEPTABLE BY MOST PATIENTS
• DISADVANTAGE
– DEGRADE BEFORE THEY REACH THE BLOODSTREAM, EITHER
IN THE STOMACH’S ACIDIC ENVRIOMENT OR WHILE THEY PASS
THROUGH THE LIVER.
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RECTAL—SUPPOSITORIES
• ADVANTAGES
– ALWAYS AVAILABLE AND IS EASILY ACCESSIBLE THAN THE
INTRAVENOUS ROUTE
– DRUGS ADMINISTERED BY THIS ROUTE ARE ABSORBED QUICKLY
– HAVE A RAPID ONSET
• DISADVANTAGE
– DISLIKE OF PLACEMENT BY PATIENT
– MANUPULATION AS WELL AS THE POSSIBILITY OF
INCOMPLETE DRUG ABSORPTION DUE TO EXPULSION OR LEAKAGE.
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• PARENTERAL ROUTES
– SUBLINGUAL OR BUCCAL
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SUBCUTANEOUS
• DELIVERY OF MEDICATION TO THE TISSUE
LAYER JUST BELOW THE SURFACE
• NOT USED FREQUENTLY IN DENTISTRY
INHALATION
• AN ALTERNATIVE TO SYRINGE INJECTION.
• CONVERT DRUG SOLUTIONS TO A
CONTINUOUS FINE AEROSOL MIST.
• INHALED DIRECTLY INTO THE LUNGS VIA A
MOUTHPIECE OR FACE MASK.
• INHALERS AND OTHER PULMONARY DRUG
DELIVERY DEVICES ARE INCLUDED IN THIS
CATERGORY OF DELIVERY SYSTEM.
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TOPICAL
• ADVANTAGES
– CAN BE APPLIED BY A DENTAL ASSISTANT
– WORKS ON THE TOP LAYER OF TISSUE
– CAN BE APPLIED DIRECTLY TO THE SIGHT
• DISADVANTAGE
– SHORT ACTING IN SOME CASES
– IN DENTISTRY TOPICAL ANESTHESIA IS ONLY
GOOD FOR A FEW MINUTES
PATCH
• A MEDICATED ADHESIVE PAD THAT IS
PLACED ON THE SKIN TO DELIVER A TIMEDRELEASED
DOSE OF MEDICATION THROUGH
THE SKIN INTO THE BLOODSTREAM
• BEING SEEN FREQUENTLY WITH PATIENTS
WHO HAVE CHRONIC PAIN
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PHARMACOKINETICS ???
What the body does to the drug
PHARMACODYNAMICS ???
What the drug does to the body
FARMAKOKINETIK
Kinetik adalah Pergerakan
1. ABSORPSI
Absorpsi obat meliputi proses obat dari saat
dimasukkan ke dalam tubuh (melalui jalurnya)
hingga masuk ke dalam sirkulasi sistemik
(pembuluh darah/pembuluh limfe)
• Route of Administration
– Intravenous (bolus, infusion)
– Extravascular (oral, IM, SQ)
– Specialized