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    Sample Written Report

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    Jhomel Castro
    The document provides an introduction to environmental science and natural resources. It defines environment as the surrounding biotic and abiotic factors that influence living organisms. The natural environment consists of four interlinking systems: the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. The hydrosphere includes all water bodies, the lithosphere contains soil and rocks, the atmosphere protects the earth, and the biosphere refers to all organisms and their interactions. Environment is a complex system influenced by physical, chemical, biological, social and cultural elements.

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    Sample Written Report

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    Jhomel Castro
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    The document provides an introduction to environmental science and natural resources. It defines environment as the surrounding biotic and abiotic factors that influence living organisms. The natural environment consists of four interlinking systems: the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. The hydrosphere includes all water bodies, the lithosphere contains soil and rocks, the atmosphere protects the earth, and the biosphere refers to all organisms and their interactions. Environment is a complex system influenced by physical, chemical, biological, social and cultural elements.

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    The document provides an introduction to environmental science and natural resources. It defines environment as the surrounding biotic and abiotic factors that influence living organisms. The natural environment consists of four interlinking systems: the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. The hydrosphere includes all water bodies, the lithosphere contains soil and rocks, the atmosphere protects the earth, and the biosphere refers to all organisms and their interactions. Environment is a complex system influenced by physical, chemical, biological, social and cultural elements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    11 views3 pages

    Sample Written Report

    Uploaded by

    Jhomel Castro
    The document provides an introduction to environmental science and natural resources. It defines environment as the surrounding biotic and abiotic factors that influence living organisms. The natural environment consists of four interlinking systems: the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. The hydrosphere includes all water bodies, the lithosphere contains soil and rocks, the atmosphere protects the earth, and the biosphere refers to all organisms and their interactions. Environment is a complex system influenced by physical, chemical, biological, social and cultural elements.

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    of 3

    ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE INTRODUCTION AND NATURAL RESOURCES

    INTRODUCTION

    The word Environment is derived from the French word “Environ” which means
    “surrounding”. Our surrounding includes biotic factors like human beings, Plants,
    animals, microbes, etc. and abiotic factors such as light, air, water, soil, etc.
    Environment is a complex of many variables, which surrounds man as well as the
    living organisms. Environment includes water, air and land and the interrelation
    ships which exist among and between water, air and land and human beings and
    other living creatures such as plants, animals and micro-organisms. She suggested
    that environment consists of an inseparable whole system constituted by physical,
    chemical, biological, social and cultural elements, which are interlinked individually
    and collectively in myriad ways. The natural environment consist of four interlinking
    systems namely, the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, the lithosphere and the biosphere.
    These four systems are in constant change and such changes are affected by human
    activities and vice versa.

    COMPONENTS OF ENVIRONMENT

    Environment has been classified into four major components:


    1. Hydrosphere,
    2. Lithosphere,
    3. Atmosphere,
    4. Biosphere.

    Hydrosphere includes all water bodies such as lakes, ponds, rivers, streams
    and ocean etc. Hydrosphere functions in a cyclic nature, which is termed as
    hydrological cycle or water cycle.

    Lithosphere means the mantle of rocks constituting the earth’s crust. The
    earth is a cold spherical solid planet of the solar system, which spins in its axis and
    revolves around the sun at a certain constant distance. Lithosphere mainly, contains
    soil, earth rocks, mountain etc. Lithosphere is divided into three layers-crusts, mantle
    and core (outer and inner).

    Atmosphere. The cover of the air, that envelope the earth is known as the
    atmosphere. Atmosphere is a thin layer which contains gases like oxygen, carbon
    dioxide etc. and which protects the solid earth and human beings from the harmful
    radiations of the sun. There are five concentric layers within the atmosphere, which
    can be differentiated on the basis of temperature and each layer has its own
    characteristics. These include the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, the
    thermosphere and the exosphere.
    Biosphere it is otherwise known as the life layer, it refers to all organisms on
    the earth’s surface and their interaction with water and air. It consists of plants,
    animals and micro-organisms, ranging from the tiniest microscopic organism to the
    largest whales in the sea. Biology is concerned with how millions of species of animals,
    plants and other organisms grow, feed, move, reproduce and evolve over long periods
    of time in different environments. Its subject matter is useful to other sciences and
    professions that deal with life, such as agriculture, forestry and medicine. The
    richness of biosphere depends upon a number of factors like rainfall, temperature,
    geographical reference etc. Apart from the physical environmental factors, the man-
    made environment includes human groups, the material infrastructures built by man,
    the production relationships and institutional systems that he has devised. The social
    environment shows the way in which human societies have organized themselves and
    how they function in order to satisfy their needs.

    References:

    Benny Joseph (2005)., Environmental Studies, New Delhi, Tata McGraw Hill
    Publishing co. Ltd

    Erach Bharucha (2005)., Textbook of Environmental Studies for Undergraduate


    Courses, Hyderabad, Universities Press.
    REFLECTION:

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