COURSE

PACKET IN

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY

PREPARED bY:

GENERAL EDUCATION INSTRUCTORS

2021
Letter to the Students

My Dear Students,

Welcome to the 1st Semester at

Zamboanga del Sur Provincial
Government College. I hope that your
summer was filled with new adventures
and special memories together with your
loved one’s despite of the pandemic that
we are experiencing today. I am Maricel S.
Antiga, your Science, Technology and
Society instructor and I’ am looking forward
to working with you this school year.This
will be an extremely and fruitful year with
much to learn.
This course packet is very
relevant to you. This includes all the
concepts, ideas, and activities that will
cater your needs. Make sure that you can
notice and answer the learning materials
being posted. Finish and pass it on time as
part of your requirement to the course
also a responsibility as a student.
Let’s work hand in hand for the
betterment of the future. Let’s embrace
one another as we face the adversities of
the new normal. Golden rule: Be good to
me and I will be good to you!! Stay tune!
Enjoy the ride!

Sincerely yours,
UNIT 2
Lesson 1
…………………………………………………………………………

Evidence of Science and Technology during Pre-

Historic Times

Content Standard:

The learners demonstrate an understanding of development of Science and Technology during

Pre-historic times.

Learning Outcomes:

The students will be able to:

1. Describe the development of science and technology during this time;

2. Determine the significance and impact of the development of science and technology to
the society.

Word Bank:

Stone age, Bronze age, Iron age, Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Australopithecus and
Paranthropus

DISCUSSION

Early humans attempted to understand the unknown world, they were curious about their
nature. They observed and started to record patterns, cycles, and repetitions of what was
happening in their environment and started to look for an answer. With their experience they
were able to analyze and organize information and learned which lead to the understanding of
science.

Because early humans were able to organize and study information, they used the information
they acquired in starting the primitive technology thus gave its way to the birth of technology.
Therefore technology has come to reality because of the desire of early humans to thrive and
survive, which later improved and made their life easier.

A. The Dawn of the First Civilizations

Ancient humans were able to discover and invent tools and methods as science
developed and progressed. With the availability of new scientific instruments and
techniques, archeology excavation has provided us with data and evidences. Facts have
been unearthed and revealed that even during primitive time, people have already
developed skills and technologies which served and supplied their needs for survival.
Mankind existed long before the written word, there was no historical evidences of how
people lived then because written records of any kind dated only in about 5,000 BC.
People then discovered, learned and developed science and technology as the
consequence of their search for food, and other survival needs, for practical reasons and
even curiosity.
 Discovery of mud plaster that led to pottery and mud brick houses; first known
pottery was in Japan around 10,000 B.C.
B. Evidence of Science and Technology during Pre-Historic Times ( 3000-5000 B.C)

Man’s achievements in science can be categorized as : (a) discovery ( recognition and

observation of new objects); (b) invention ( mental process wherein man’s various
discoveries, observation and experience are put together to produce new ways
(operation) and means (tools) of obtaining things (useful).

Stone Age: This period was marked by which stone was widely used to make tools and
implements. Dated roughly 3.4 million years ago, and in about 8000 BC this era was
divided into three separate periods-- Paleolithic Period ( Early), Mesolithic Period
(Middle), and Neolithic Period ( New)---based on the degree of sophistication in the
fashioning and use of tools. It is believed tool making began very early in the olden
times. The era of Australopithecus and Paranthropus were contemporaneous with the
evolution of the genus Homo. Man was a food gatherer, depended for his subsistence on
hunting wild animals and birds, fishing, and collecting wild fruits, nuts, and berries.

Tools developed gradually from single to all-purpose tools to a collection of varied

and highly specialized types of tools, each designed to serve in connection with a
specific function. The trend was from a stage of non specialization to stages of relatively
high degrees of specialization. In the manufacture of stone implements, four
fundamental traditions were developed by the Paleolithic ancestors: (1) pebble-tool
traditions; (2) bifacial-tool, or hand-axe traditions; (3) flake-tool traditions; and (4) blade-
tool traditions.

Stone tools were made from a variety of stones: flint and chert were shaped or
chipped for use as a cutting tools, flakes, blades and weapons; Flaking was able to
produce a wide range of special tools that was used for cutting, chopping, scraping and
sawing. Basalt and sandstone were used for ground stone tools. Wood, bone, shell,
antler and other materials were widely used, as well.

During middle Paleolithic time, the pace of innovation in stone technology began to
accelerate. Handaxes were made with exquisite craftsmanship, and eventually gave
way to smaller, more diverse toolkits, with an emphasis on flake tools rather than larger
core tools. One of the main innovations was the application of ‘prepared core technique’,
in which a core was carefully flaked on one side , so that a flake of predetermined size
and shape could be produced in a single blow. This technique probably raised the level
of standardization and predictability in stone technology.

Middle Stone Age toolkits included points, which could be hafted on the shafts to make
spears. When smaller points were eventually made, they were attached to smaller,
sleeker shafts to make darts, arrows, and other projectile weapons. Stone awls have been
used to perforate hides and scrapers. Many important inventions appeared, such
needles and thread, skin clothing, the harpoon, the spear thrower , and special fishing
equipment.

SAMPLE OF STONE AGE TOOLS

The Neolithic was characterized primarily by herding societies, as well as bronze
smelting, adoption of agriculture, the shift from food gathering to food producing,
development of pottery using sediments and clay. Agriculture was developed and
certain animals were raised as well. Moreover, recent evidence indicates that humans
processed and consumed wild cereal grains.

Bronze Age: The Bronze age is the second principal period of the three-age Stone-
Bronze Iron system and generally followed the Neolithic period. This period is marked
with the beginning of mining and metallurgy. Bronze denotes the first period in which
metal was used, man began smelting copper and alloying with tin or arsenic to make
bronze tools and weapons. Copper-tin ores are rare, as reflected in the fact that there
were no tin bronzes in Western Asia before trading in bronze that began in the third
millennium BC. Bronze itself is harder and more durable than other metals available at
the time, allowing Bronze Age civilizations to gain technological advantage.

 Man-made tin bronze technology required set production techniques. Tin must be
mined and smelted separately, then added to molten copper to make bronze alloy.
The Bronze Age was a time of extensive use of metals and of developing trade
networks.

SAMPLE OF BRONZE TOOLS

Iron Age is the period of time in prehistory when the dominant tool making
material was iron. Preceded by the Stone Age and Bronze Age, the transition from
Bronze Age occurred at different times in different places on Earth. As the name
suggests, Iron age Technology is characterized by the production of tools and
weaponry using ferrous metallurgy or iron work more specially from carbon steel.
Meteoric iron has been used by humans since 3200 BC, but ancient iron production
did not become widespread until the ability to smelt iron ore, remove impurities
and regulate the amount of carbon in the alloy were developed.

The distinctive dark metal brought with it significant changes to daily life in
ancient society, from the way people grew crops to the way they fought wars. Iron
made life a lot easier in those days, much of Europe had settled into small village
life, toiling the soil with iron farming tools, such as sickles and plough tips, made
the process more efficient and allowed farmers to exploit tougher soils, try new
crops and have more time for other activities.

DO YOU KNOW?
Fire was the most important discovery
and invention of man in the Paleolithic era.
The use of fire led to various ways of
preparing and cooking food and inventions
of suitable food containers and utensils.
 Check your understanding!
…………………..…………………………………………………………………………………………

Name: ____________________________Course& Year:______________________________

ACTIVITY 1 PUT IT IN A BOX

Group the following words according to their uniformity and label them
accordingly.

 Stone Age Iron Age Bronze Age 800 BC

 Flake tool smelting iron flaking Mining
 metallurgy alloy substance sickles
 Australopithecus ferrous metallurgy Neolithic period
 2 period of prehistoric time
nd
3rd period of prehistoric times
 smelting copper with iron
Name: ____________________________Course& Year:____________________________

ACTIVITY 2 VENN DIAGRAM

Procedure: Compare and contrast the different period (age) according to evidences of
Science and Technology during Pre-Historic Times (3000-5000 B.C.) Show your answer
by means of Venn diagram.

STONE AGE

IRON AGE BRONZE AGE