Corona Virus: A study of the Pandemic Population statistics in Iligan City as of March to Present

2020
A Research 2 Presented To The Faculty Members of
Adventist Medical Center College - Academy
Senior High School Department

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Practical Research 2

Academic Year: 2020-2021

Presented by:

Musor,Norhasan

Naldo,Charisse Jan

Omblero,Van Aeron

Pacanon,Mitch Angelo

Pagalan,Marc Angelo

Pandapatan,Jarie

YEAR 2020

CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

In the past two decades, the world has seen three Coronaviruses emerge and cause
outbreaks that have caused considerable global health consternation from SARS- CoV, MERS-
Cov, and now, COVID-19 (Pathol, 2020). COVID-19 is said to be a zootonic coronavirus that
had crossed species that resulted in infecting human population. This virus was first identified in
Wuhan, China, in persons exposed to a seafood or wet market (Perlman, 2020). The rapid
response of the Chinese public health, clinical, and scientific communities facilitated recognition
of the clinical disease and initial understanding of the epidemiology of the infection. First reports
indicated that human-to-human transmission was limited or nonexistent, but we now know that
such transmission occurs, although to what extent remains unknown (Umel, 2020).

COVID-19 has become a worldwide problem with no cure from its boom on March 2020
and as of the end of October 2020 and reach a. Most people infected with the COVID-19 virus
will experience mild to moderate respiratory illness and recover without requiring special
treatment. Older people, and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular
disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious
illness (WHO, 2020). It affected a lot of people especially those who are living in a not-so-
developed place of a third world country like Iligan City, Philippines .

Iligan City, being one of the most affected areas of COVID-19 in the Philippines has
been through a lot during the pandemic. In fact, Public Works and Highways Secretary and
isolation czar Mark A. Villar announced that a new 120-bed capacity COVID-19 quarantine
facility in Iligan City, Lanao del Norte has been completed and turned-over to local government.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
 USE CHART
ABSTRACTIONS TO
LEARN WHO IS MORE
LIKELY TO BECOME
SEVERELY ILL

COVID-19
POPULATION
STATISTICS FROM
MARCH TO
OCTOBER 2020

EXPERT COULD USE

DATA TO SEEWHAT USE DATA TO SEE IF
MEDICAL CARE PATIENTS HAVE
PATIENTS HAVE RECOVERED
RECEIVED

Figure 1. Research Paradigm

This framework points represent how the collected data would be used in advantage in order to

contribute to the observation of the COVID-19 status in Iligan City.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

 The problem addresses the entire population whether locally or internationally, in order
to help monitor the COVID-19 cases in the Philippines, particularly in Iligan City and what
preventive ad safety measures should be imposed in order to minimize its risk.

The study to be conducted by gathering the total number of cases such as the active
case,the recovery,the expired patients,and the total confirmed case in iligan city.

COVID-19 has been affecting the world for months already and thus, without the will to
act upon it, we would be plotting our own demise. However, a lot of experts are looking unto it
and local and national government are doing their best and are observing preventive measures to
avoid the spreading of the virus while looking forward for a cure.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The general objective of this study is to help monitor the pandemic's population statistics in
Iligan City as of March to October 2020, especially:

1. To evaluate who is more likely to be ill (includes: location,age and gender)

2. To evaluate the number of survival and death and their location, age and gender

HYPOTHESIS

Ho: There is no significant change in the population statistics of COVID-19 cases in Iligan City.

Ha: There is significant change in the population statistics of COVID-19 cases in Iligan City.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

 The data of this research is for the government and the Department of Health who are

concerned with its condition and the community specifically in Iligan City. It helps the public to

improve their knowledge and to increase their awareness about the topic that might be able to

contribute in giving solutions as well as making safety protocols and restrictions to aid to the

prevention of spreading of COVID-19.

This study provides insights on who. are the most vulnerable in this city, given their

location, age and gender. Thus, the use of this initiative would mean good news to many in order

to protect themselves from the threat of the virus.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION

The study is focusing on the pandemic's population statistics in Iligan City as of March

1 to October 31, 2020, including the patients' location, gender and age. The survey would be

conducted online and would ask the permission of the authority especially the local government

and in every barangay in order to the give the approximate- if not exact- number of cases in

Iligan City.

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

CORONAVIRUS
Coronavirus are a type of virus. There are many different kinds, and some cause disease.
A newly identified coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has caused a worldwide pandemic of
respiratory illness, called COVID-19.

COVID-19 appeared in Wuhan, a city in China, in December 2019. Although health

officials are still tracing the exact source of this new coronavirus, early hypotheses
thought it may be linked to a seafood market in Wuhan, China. Some people who visited
the market developed viral pneumonia caused by the new coronavirus. A study that
came out on Jan. 25, 2020, notes that the individual with the first reported case became
ill on Dec. 1, 2019, and had no link to the seafood market. Investigations are ongoing as
to how this virus originated and spread.(Hopkins,2018)

WHAT IS A PANDEMIC?
A pandemic is defined as “an epidemic occurring worldwide, or over a very wide area,
crossing international boundaries and usually affecting a large number of people”. The
classical definition includes nothing about population immunity, virology or disease
severity.

By this definition, pandemics can be said to occur annually in each of the temperate
southern and northern hemispheres, given that seasonal epidemics cross international
boundaries and affect a large number of people. However, seasonal epidemics are not
considered pandemics.(WHO,2011)

In 2009 WHO pronounced a widespread a few weeks after the criteria for the definition
of a classical widespread had been met. Portion of the delay was no question related to
the nexus between the formal statement of a widespread and the fabricate of a
pandemic-specific antibody. In case a classical widespread definition had been utilized,
connecting the statement to antibody generation would have been pointless. This seem
have been done with a seriousness file and, depending on the accessibility and quality of
the rising prove on seriousness, a widespread
particular immunization may have been regarded superfluous. On the other hand
specialists may have chosen to arrange immunization in much littler quantities.
(WHO,2010)

In 2009 WHO pronounced a widespread a few weeks after the criteria for the definition of a
classical widespread had been met. Portion of the delay was no question related to the nexus
between the formal statement of a widespread and the fabricate of a pandemic-specific antibody.
In case a classical widespread definition had been utilized, connecting the statement to antibody
generation would have been pointless. This seem have been done with a seriousness file and,
depending on the accessibility and quality of the rising prove on seriousness, a widespread
particular immunization may have been regarded superfluous. On the other hand specialists may
have chosen to arrange immunization in much littler quantities.(WHO,2010)

Pandemics are large-scale episodes of irresistible illness that can incredibly increment
horribleness and mortality over a wide geographic range and cause critical financial, social, and
political disturbance. Prove recommends that the probability of pandemics has expanded over the
past century since of expanded worldwide travel and integration, urbanization, changes in arrive
utilize, and more prominent abuse of the common environment (Jones et al 2008; Morse 1995).
These patterns likely will proceed and will escalating. Critical approach consideration has
centered on the ought to distinguish and constrain developing flare-ups that might lead to
pandemics and to extend and maintain venture to construct readiness and wellbeing capacity
(Smolinsky, Hamburg, and Lederberg 2003)

2019-NCOV IN THE PHILIPPINES

Philippines, one of the high-risk countries from the Wuhan coronavirus outbreak,
recorded the first death outside China. The government has announced lock-down of
Metro Manila, followed by the entire Luzon island and is mulling over more localised
lock-downs. The Philippines government declared a state of calamity in the country for
six months on 17 March.(pharma.2020)

Philippines, one of the high-risk countries from the Wuhan coronavirus outbreak,
recorded the first death outside China. The government has announced lock-down of
Metro Manila, followed by the entire Luzon island and is mulling over more localised
lock-downs. The Philippines government declared a state of calamity in the country for
six months on 17 March.(2020)

The third affirmed COVID-19 case was reported on February 3 from a test taken
on January 23.moreover a Chinese national who had voyage from Wuhan. She
recouped and returned to China on January 31. Contact following has been attempted of
all three patients . In spite of travel to a few areas within the Philippines while
encountering indications, as of Walk 1, there has not been any affirmed nearby
transmission emerging from these cases and the number of PUIs has diminished .Be
that as it may, as contamination can be gentle or subclinical, neighborhood transmission
cannot be avoided. Expanding the number of research facilities able to perform SARS-
CoV-2 testing would permit superior reconnaissance and make strides location of
COVID-19
cases. (Edrada et. al, 2020)
In conclusion, as of March 1, there have been three confirmed COVID-19 cases in the
Philippines including the first death outside of China. No local transmission has been
confirmed. Continued vigilance is required to identify new cases.
The third affirmed COVID-19 case was reported on February 3 from a test taken on January 23,
moreover a Chinese national who had voyage from Wuhan. She recouped and returned to China
on January 31. Contact following has been attempted of all three patients . In spite of travel to a
few areas within the Philippines while encountering indications, as of Walk 1, there has not been
any affirmed nearby transmission emerging from these cases and the number of PUIs has
diminished .Be that as it may, as contamination can be gentle or subclinical, neighborhood
transmission cannot be avoided. Expanding the number of research facilities able to perform
SARS-CoV-2 testing would permit superior reconnaissance and make strides location of
COVID-19 cases. (Edrada et. al, 2020)
In conclusion, as of March 1, there have been three confirmed COVID-19 cases in the
Philippines including the first death outside of China. No local transmission has been confirmed.
Continued vigilance is required to identify new cases.
WHY IS PANDEMIC'S POPULATION STATISTICS IMPORTANT?

The collection, compilation and spread of fundamental insights incorporates the number of
affirmed cases, the everyday number of modern cases and the design over time, the number of
passings, recuperations, dynamic cases and the number of tests conducted. These are fair a
couple of of the information components that are collected by the National Measurable
Frameworks of nations to find out the size of the affect of the infection on the populace and on
the economy, and to drive the choices for arrangements to relieve that impact. (Larocque, 2020)

The degree of its impact on exchange, government incomes, unemployment, get to to instruction,
on children that are underneath the destitution line with no smartphones or web, are a few of the
issues on which our National Measurable Workplaces and Frameworks are required to supply
data. Sound arrangement choices by governments on limitations to be put in put, on the closing
or reviving of national borders, schools and certain commerce places, will as it were be
conceivable by using trusted information from the factual workplaces and systems.

Globally, factual strategies and analyses are utilized to help the clinical trials that are being
attempted to get a vaccine. (Geher, 2020)

VULNERABILITY IN TIMES OF PANDEMIC

One comprehensive wellbeing helplessness demonstrate, created by Shi and Stevens,

incorporates a conceptual system for characterizing, investigating, and creating approaches to
diminish or dispose of the wellbeing impacts of vulnerability. This show diagrams person and
environmental or community-level dangers that focalize and lead to defenselessness in wellbeing
and wellbeing care quality. Person dangers incorporate financial status and get to to wellbeing
care, wellbeing convictions, and mental and physical wellbeing status. Community-level dangers
incorporate neighborhood or populace area, composition, financial status, and wellbeing
behaviors, status, and incongruities. The show bunches these dangers into inclining variables,
empowering components, and wellbeing should emphasize that helplessness isn't a individual
insufficiency but or maybe an interaction of numerous person and community-level dangers over
which an person or family may have constrained control. Societal and administrative endeavors
are fundamental for accomplishing population. (Merlin et. al,2020)

Pandemic Influenza diagrams the imperative parts played by government, state, tribal, and
nearby governments; private industry; universal accomplices; people; and families ought to a
widespread occur. Governments and private teach can do much to get ready for and react to a
widespread, but powerless populaces, their families, their communities, and the social security
net must too act viably to guarantee victory. Subsequently, actualizing the national technique
completely requires that powerless populaces, families, communities, and their social and
therapeutic security nets act viably.

Amid this decade, open wellbeing crises have made clear the significance of readiness and the
challenges of an successful reaction in defenseless populaces. For case, taking after Typhoon
Katrina in 2005, an evaluated one fifth of the 700 000 uprooted inhabitants of the Inlet Coast
were destitute; 30% had livelihoods underneath 1.5 times the government destitution level,
counting 34% of storm casualties from Orleans Ward, the region most influenced by flooding.2,3
African Americans were excessively influenced: 44% of storm casualties and 73% of casualties
from Orleans Area were African Americans.2,3 More seasoned people and people with
inabilities were moreover influenced. As numerous as 88 000 seniors matured 65 a long time or
more seasoned may have been uprooted; about one half of seniors had at slightest 1 disability.3–
5 Moreover, 75 000 children, 56 000 pregnant ladies, and tens of thousands of people with
cancer were too storm victims (Jones et al, 2020)
 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY

STUDY DESIGN

This research aims to The general objective of this study is to help monitor the pandemic's
population statistics in Iligan City as of March to October 2020, especially to evaluate who is
more likely to be ill (includes: location,age and gender) and to evaluate the number of survival
and death and their location, age and gender. To do so, the method to be used in this research is
the quantitative survey research design. Considering the research method, and requires further
analysis, the researchers will have to evaluate which of the data are most likely exposed to the
virus, given their age, location and gender to meet the goals of this research. Weekly sessions of
survey regarding the independent variables will be observed to have results and assessment of
each to figure out if there are differences in terms of vulnerability.

RESEARCH SETTING

The study will be conducted specifically at Iligan City, Lanao del Norte. in the 44 barangays.
The setting is purposively selected for it is the target area for this study. All the research and
survey will be done either online with following the protocols of the Community Quarantine and
safety.

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

The researchers will ensure to have the permission of the LGU and the barangays in order to use
the data available. Also, proper protocol that goes within the standards of the Community
Quarantine would be highly observe to prevent the researchers and the personnel from getting
infected by the virus.

Collect
Prepare
background Survey Prepare
Draft
pretest
data for design questionnaire;
questionnaire questionnaire
planning survey outline
prepare
design preliminary
codes

Recheck data
quality: Revise
questionnaire;
Verification Collect Prepare final prepare final
Data questionnaire codes
Validation

Analyze data;
Prepare final
report

Figure 1. Steps in conducting survey. Source: Scheuren (2004,p.8)

PREPARATION OF THE DATA

As shown in the Figure 1, Collection of background data as well as the permit of the LGU and
other authorities will be needed before collecting the actual data, next is choosing the survey
design in which our group choose the questionnaire type.

Questionnaire drafts will then be prepared and would be checked if there is a need of revision.
Final questionnaire would then be given and gathered in order to collect the data needed. Of
course the quality of the data would be verified and validated, Raw data file would then be
prepared for analysis. Final report would then be made to see who among the residence of Iligan
City are the most vulnerable in terms of age, location and gender.
A. Guntt Chart

References:

"Three Emerging Coronaviruses in Two Decades"

Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7109697/

"Another Decade, Another Coronavirus"

Retrived from: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe2001126
"Iligan City is MECQ starting Sept 1, Metro Manila remains GCQ"
Retrieved from: https://pcoo.gov.ph/news_releases/iligan-city-is-mecq-starting-sept-1-metro-
manila-remains-gcq/

"Monitoring and tracking the disease"

Retrieved from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/cases-updates/about-
epidemiology/monitoring-and-tracking.html

"DPWH turns-over Mega Quarantine Facility in Iligan City"

Retrieved from: https://www.dpwh.gov.ph/dpwh/news/19591

"Pandemics: Risks, Impacts, and Mitigation"

Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK525302/

"The classical definition of a pandemic is not elusive"

Retrieved from :https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/89/7/11-088815/en/#:~:text=A
%20pandemic%20is%20defined%20as,are%20not%20considered%20pandemics.

"First COVID-19 infections in the Philippines: a case report"

Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7154063/

"The Role of Statistics in Fighting the Coronavirus"

Retrieved from: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/darwins-subterranean-world/
202003/the-role-statistics-in-fighting-the-coronavirus

"Protecting Vulnerable Populations From Pandemic Influenza in the United States: A Strategic
Imperative"
Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4504371/