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PHILIPPINE INTEGRATED SCHOOL FOUNDATION, INC.

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT


Bangon, Marawi City 9700
School ID: 478012
email add: [email protected] , FB account: Pis FI
1st Semester School Year 2023 - 2024

21ST CENTURY LITERATURE FROM THE PHILIPPINES AND THE WORLD


Lesson 3: Compare and Contrast the Various 21st Century Genres from the earlier
Genres/Periods
The desire for self-expression resulted to the production of On this part of the lesson, you will recall and differentiate the
literature. It is a four major literary genres; poetry, fiction, nonfiction and
writer’s expression of his mind, heart, emotions, thoughts, drama; however, literature changes to adapt to the trends of
and ideas. the contemporary world; thus, new genres of literature are
Literature is written works like poetry, novels, journals of born. In this lesson, we will study and appreciate both the
famous authors and usually published. ‘Genre’ literally means earlier genres and the contemporary genres.
‘type”, so literary genre means types of literary works.

Each literature genre has distinct sub-genres, structure and elements. Studythe table below:

Genres and Sub-genres of Literature: Elements and Structure

Genre Sub-genre Elements Structure

Written in lines and


stanzas
2 lines- couplet
Poetry Lyric (sonnet, ode, Rhyme, meter, 3 lines –tercet
elegy), dramatic figurative devices, 4 lines – quatrain
(soliloquy, symbolism 5 lines - cinquain
monologue, 6 lines – sestet
dialogue), and 7 lines - septet
narrative (epic) 8 lines - octave

Fiction (stories that fantasy, plot, characters,


did not happen in folklore, theme setting,
reality point-of-view, Written in
mystery, suspense paragraphs
literary devices
or thriller,
historical fiction,

science fiction,
romance

Nonfiction (factual biography,


stories, with real references
characters and (encyclopedia, plot, characters, Written in
setting) dictionary, theme setting, paragraphs
thesaurus), point-of-view,
autobiography, literary devices
narrative (memoir,
testimonio), and
periodicals
(newspapers,
magazines, journal

that are written


regularly)

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Literary element
(script),
Technical The script serves as
element, the text and it is
Drama tragedy, performed before an
comedy (scenery (set),make- audience
up, costume, lights,
and sound)
performance
element

(acting, character
analysis, character
motivation…)

The given genres with their elements and structures are further discussed in detail below:
A. Poetry
Poetry is one of the earliest genres of literature. It was either recited or sang back to prehistoric times to call for help from a
deity, narrate a hero’s life and victories, tell about the love story of their rulers, or describe someone who inspires them. In
order to understand or even write a good poem, you must know the elements of poetry:

Here are the commonly used literary devices in poetry:

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B. Fiction:

Fiction is a story of make believe. It is a story made by the author’s creativeimagination.


It has various sub-genres like mystery, fantasy, suspense, historical fiction science fiction,
realistic fiction and folklore (myths, fables, legends).

To understand fiction and to write a good fictional story, you must be able to identify
and understand its elements that comprise the texts’ contents and messagethe story wanted to
impart to its readers.

Fiction uses the basic elements of a story, namely; the plot, setting,
characters, and conflict , to convey its ideas.

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