Binalonan, Pangasinan

PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION
MODULE 2

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MODULE 2– TYPES OF COMMUNICATION

I. INTRODUCTION
Communication is a vital aspect of human interaction and plays a crucial role in various contexts, from
personal relationships to professional environments. There are several types of communication, each with
its own significance and importance. Effective communication is vital for transmitting information, building
relationships, and achieving common goals in personal, professional, and societal contexts. Different types
of communication complement each other and collectively contribute to successful interactions and
outcomes.
II. LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this lesson, the students are expected to:
a) Demonstrate knowledge about the role of language in communication in human communication.
b) Identify the types of communication in relation to communication mode, context, purpose and
style.
c) Differentiate verbal, non-verbal, and visual communication and their sub-forms in relation to
communication modes.
LESSON
WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?
Depending on what is being considered, communication as a term take on different contexts resulting in
people having different views on communication types. Since communication is defined as the exchange of
thoughts, ideas, concepts, and views between or among two or more people, various contexts come into
play. Context is the circumstance or environment in which communication takes place. Communication may
then be classified according to: (1) Communication mode, (2) Context, and (3) Purpose and Style.
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO MODE
A message may be conveyed via these types/dimensions of communication: Verbal and Non-
verbal.
 Verbal
Is using speech or spoken word to exchange information, emotions, and thoughts.
Example; Public Speaking and Interviews
 Non-Verbal
Is conveying and exchanging messages without the use of spoken words.

Prepared by:
Kimberly C. Ventura (0917-144-8601)
Instructor
 Binalonan, Pangasinan

Example; Hand gestures and Facial Expressions.

TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO CONTEXT
In this sub-section, context in communication is referred to as a composite of people interacting
with each other. Communication may also be classified according to context: (1) Intra personal;
(2) Interpersonal; (3) Extended; (4) Organizational communication; and (5) Intercultural
Communication.
 Intrapersonal Communication
The Latin prefix intra- means within or inside. Intrapersonal communication then means
talking to oneself. Some label it as self or inner talk, inner monologue, or inner dialogue.
Psychologists call it with other names such as self-verbalization or self-statement.
Do you find it normal to talk to yourself? Some say it is, some say it's not. The gauge,
however, rests on the frequency of the occurrence and how you handle such. For instance, if you
find yourself talking to yourself, there is really no need for you to answer back. You talk to yourself
because you think that there is the need to: boost your confidence when you are nervous to speak
in front of an audience, apprise yourself that you performed a good job, or console yourself that
you did a task poorly. Moreover, engaging in inner speech such as fantasizing or daydreaming is
not bad as long as you are able to distinguish it from reality.
Self-talk can be advantageous as it can enable you to practice what you ought to say in
times when you lack the motivation and confidence to speak. One magic statement that you can try
is: "I can do it!" Saying this over and over again will give you positive reinforcement that you can do
things courageously and that it is not impossible to do so. Furthermore, as you respond to life's
challenges, you may also find yourself verbalizing your thoughts and feelings. It is then important
that as you introspect, you are able to improve on your decisions in life and likewise enhance your
self-worth as a person.

 Interpersonal Communication
As opposed to intra, the Latin prefix inter- means between, among, and together. An
interactive exchange takes place interpersonal communication takes place. However, as it a
transaction does not necessarily take place since it can only be a simple interaction such as
greetings, getting to know a person, or ordinary conversations that happen between or among the
interactants. This may occur in dyads or small groups, also known as group communication.
There are three classification of Interpersonal communication namely:
a. Dyadic – This is a communication between two people. It may be face to face such as an
ordinary conversations, dialogs, or interviews.
---Telephone conversation is also dyadic.
b. Tryadic – This communication is participated in by three people.
---Due to the advancement of technology, I have mentioned I while ago that a telephone
conversation is considered Dyadic but then for now it can already be considered Tryadic for
there are some gadgets particularly mobile phones which are capable for the conference call.
c. Small Group – Here, more than three people communicate. This is the enlarged type of
communication usually done to solve problems.
---The committee, panel, symposium, brainstorming and small business meetings are good
examples of small group communication.

Prepared by:
Kimberly C. Ventura (0917-144-8601)
Instructor
 Binalonan, Pangasinan

 Extended Communication
Extended communication involves the use of electronic media. Unlike before when it only
called for the use of television and radio, nowadays, the description of extended communication
may be expanded as to include tele, audio, or phone conferencing; video-conferencing; Skype
calls; and other technological means. For example, linked by a telecommunication system, people
who are far apart, or are far from the venue, can participate in a meeting or a conference. In an e-
conference like this, participants may not be physically present but are still able to track down the
lectures and participate actively because of the mass articulation and dissemination of information,
allowing speakers to reach a wider group of listeners. Since extended communication is public in
nature, speakers are expected to be prepared when they speak, making their language more
formal. With the use of electronic media, messages are transmitted quickly. For instance, with the
use of the Internet, recorded videos may be transmitted in seconds/minutes and may be viewed by
a greater number of people. With extended communication, your own thinking, behavior, and
attitude may be influenced by other people and you may be persuaded to take the views you hear.
It is important then that you weigh what you hear and assess them against those beliefs that you
hold onto so you do not get easily swayed by other people's convictions.

 Organizational Communication
With this type, the focus is on the role that communication plays in organizational contexts.
Organizations comprise individuals who work for the company. When you graduate, for example,
you become a professional, either working for a company or putting up your own. Whichever, you
should know that each organization has expectations that you as a communication professional
should meet or that you as the owner may establish.
For an organization to be successful, a system of communication should be put in place. A set of
rules or standards for communication protocol should be made clear so that interaction patterns
are established. On the part of the individual, you should be equipped with the needed oral and
written communication skills that the organization expects you to possess.
There are two types of organizational structure: (1) formal and (2) informal. Formal structure allows
communication to take place via designated channels of message flow between positions in the
organization. This may make use of four approaches: (1) downward communication, (2) upward
communication, (3) horizontal communication, and (4) crosswise communication. As the term
implies, downward communication is the type that flows from upper to lower positions, i.e.,
president to a manager or supervisor, a manager to an ordinary staff. The flow of communication is
top-down or from a superior to a subordinate, usually asking certain individuals to perform a certain
task. Conversely, message transmission in upward communication is bottom-up in which
subordinates send communication to their superiors/bosses bearing their views/feedback on
organizational policies, issues related to their jobs, and the like. Horizontal communication is lateral
in approach as it takes place among people belonging to the same level but coming from different
departments or units to facilitate performance of tasks through proper coordination. Crosswise
approach is diagonal in nature as employees from different units or departments working at various
levels communicate with each other. Each of these communication approaches has its own
advantages and disadvantages. Note that these structures are usually presented in the company's
organizational chart and policy manuals.
 Intercultural Communication
Another type of communication is intercultural communication. As the term implies, it is
communication between or among people having different linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, and

Prepared by:
Kimberly C. Ventura (0917-144-8601)
Instructor
 Binalonan, Pangasinan

professional backgrounds. Even gender difference affects communication. Individuals having

different orientations communicate and interpret messages differently. This particularly happens
with non-verbal communication.
For instance, Australians consider eye contact as important in assessing the sincerity of a
person while for Indians, looking straight into the eyes of a person while talking is inappropriate .
This does not, however, mean that they are dishonest or insincere. Moreover, Indians interpret
waving of hands from side to side as no or go away while it means hello among Westerners. For
Filipinos, twitching of lips means to refer to something or someone. When someone asks: "Where
is my book?" instead of responding: "There it is," the response may be twitching or puckering lips.
When seen by people from other cultures, such facial expression may be taken to mean as
"seduction.". It is important then not to be judgmental or to rush into interpretations as cultures
sometimes vary enormously. Similarly, linguistic differences are of the essence.
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION ACCORDING TO PURPOSE AND STYLE
Finally, communication may be classified according to purpose and style. Wherein the focus here
is on the communication setting and the mode of delivery.
 Formal Communication
Employs formal language delivered orally or in written form.
Examples; Lectures, Public talks/speeches, research and project proposals, reports, and
business letters, among others are all considered formal situations and writings. The purpose is to
inform and to persuade, through letter of in face to face.

 Informal Communication
This involves personal and ordinary conversations with friends, family members, or
acquaintances about anything under the sun. The mode may be oral as in face to face,
ordinary or everyday talks and phone calls, or written of email messages, personal notes,
and letters or text messages. The purpose is simply to socialize and enhance
relationships.

COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS:
Check your understanding of the input by answering the following questions:
1. What is the role of language in communication in human communication?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
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2. What are the different types of communication according to mode?

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3. Differentiate verbal communication from non-verbal communication?
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SYNTHESIS

Prepared by:
Kimberly C. Ventura (0917-144-8601)
Instructor
 Binalonan, Pangasinan

1. There are various types of communication. These types can be divided according to mode, context, and
purpose and style. In terms of communication mode, the types of communication are verbal and non-
verbal. In terms of context, the communication types are intrapersonal, interpersonal, extended,
organizational, and intercultural. In terms of purpose and style, the types of communication are formal and
informal.
2. Verbal and non-verbal codes should complement each other. It is important to always contextualize the
symbol/sign received in order to arrive at the correct interpretation.
3. In any organization, a system of communication should be put in place. Transmission of message and
message flow also play an important role in effective organizational communication.
4. People have different linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, and professional backgrounds. It is then
necessary to pay attention to intercultural communication to avoid miscommunication and/or
communication breakdown.
5. Formal communication and informal communication have different uses depending on the situation.
Both types may be in oral or written mode.
REFERENCE/S:
 Madrunio, Marilou R.,Martin, Isabel P., Purposive Communication, Using English in Multilingual
Contexts, C&E Publishing Inc. 2018

Prepared by:
Kimberly C. Ventura (0917-144-8601)
Instructor