Republic of the Philippines

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Region V
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE OF CAMARINES SUR

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 2

EXPLORATORY
Name of Student: _________________________________________________
Learning Area- Grade Level: __TLE-IA SMAW GRADE 7___________________________
Date: _________________________________________________
Activity Title: USE AND MAINTAIN HAND TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT_______

I. Introductory Concept:
This Learning Activity Sheets is an exploratory and introductory course which leads
you to Shielded Metal Arc Work National Certificate Level II (NC II). It covers the concept and
underlying principles about the proper way of using and maintaining hand tools and equipment
in SMAW.
DEFECTIVE AND NON-DEFECTIVE HAND TOOLS

There are many ways of identifying hand tools. One of these is to identify them
according to their function. However, awareness of defective and non-defective hand tools is
a primordial concern of workers/welders to be effective in their jobs.

Below are the recommended practices to identify defective and non-defective hand tools.

1. Visual inspection:
Defective tools can easily be distinguished from the functional ones through visual
inspection. The physical appearance of tools will describe such characteristics as dullness,
sharpness, dismantled parts, and unevenness of the teeth of the cutting tools.

2. Functionality:
Another way is to check the quality of the manufactured tools. Is it already susceptible
to wear and tear? Has it already exceeded its service life? Has it passed the manufacturer‟s
quality control test? A few pieces of the hand tools issued in the shop can be subjected for
Condemnation they are no longer serviceable.

3. Performance:
Performance of hand tools is determined not only during the actual use but also after
use to find out whether the hand tools are still worth using.

4. Service span:
Hand tools are issued to shop teacher at one time. However, this must be recorded
to determine when it was received and how long the tools have been kept in the shop. A
hand tool which is too old is unsafe for both the students and workers. Such tool should be
marked defective and segregated from the good ones.

PROCEDURES ON USING DIFFERENT HAND TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

HACKSAW
Steps in Mounting Blade to the Metal Frame
1. Select the correct type of blade.
2. Attach the blade to the frame by pointing the
teeth away from the handle.
3. Tighten the wing nut of the handle until the
blade is tight enough.
Safety Measures:

▪ Tighten the wing nut securely enough to

prevent from buckling and breaking.

Steps in Fixing Stock In Metal Vise and Operation Position

25-30 cm

1. Fasten the stock in vise with lay-out line as close as possible to the end of the used vise
jaws.
2. Stand with your feet 25 to 30 centimeters apart and one foot forward.
3. Lean the body a little forward as shown in the drawing

Steps in Sawing the Stock

1. Start the saw by guiding the blade with the thumb

of your left hand while taking one or two light strokes
with your right hand.

2. Move the saw with a light steady and even motion

of about 40 to 50 strokes per minute.

3. Apply pressure during the forward stroke and

release during the return strokes.

4. Hold the stock with your left hand to avoid cuts

upon sawing with your right hand

Steps in Bending 90o with Ball Peen Hammer

1. Force the metal over the vise jaws using left-hand.

2. Strike it several times near the hand with flat head
of a hammer.

Steps in Squaring off a 90 o Bend

 3. Place the metal in the bench vise and tighten
strongly.
4. Strike the metal with the flat head of a hammer in
the direction of the arrow indicated.

Circular Bend

1. Place the metal over a pipe or round bar and clamp

in a bench vise.

2. Strike the metal with a glancing blow using the flat

head of a hammer until the desired curve is obtained.

Cold Chisel

Cold Chisel is used for cutting and chipping cold metals.

The illustration above presents the Two Hands Positioning

in cold chiselling which shows the proper grip in using the tool. For
heavy work, hand gripping of tool should be strong and tight;
for fine and small work, hold the tool lightly.

Look at the person work with the ball peen hammer

and the chisel, as shown in the illustration. A cold chisel will
cut metals only if you strike it with the flat head of a ball peen
hammer. The complete safety protection device and the
body position when performing the task (chiselling) are
evidently done.

Wrench

Wrench
is used for loosening and
tightening light and heavy
nuts and bolts. There are
various kinds and sizes
of wrenches
designed according to use
and function. It is tool
steel on movable jaws.
 A repair worker often uses tools to remove and replace damaged parts. The wrenches
are used to tighten and loosen the nut and bolts that hold the parts in place. Other tools are
used to hold parts for cutting, welding and other works.

Wash type of wrench is usually used for only one or two different jobs. Figure above
shows a repair worker using a box of wrench and an open-end wrench to remove a deck lid
bolt in an automobile. The ends of the wrench are offset (the hand is lower than the handle).
In this way, the worker’s hand is above the surface of any object as the nut of bolt is turned.

A combination wrench of open-end and

a box-end will tell the advantage of box-end
over open lid. Box-end wrench has complete
contact with six points on the bolt head. This
completely surrounds the grip of the bolt head
or nut allowing less chances of wrench
slippage.

Screw Drivers
 Screw drivers are usually made in different sets. This tool is used to tighten and loosen
screws by pushing or pulling screws in a rotating manner. In the above illustration, a set of
standard and Phillips tips of different sizes are shown.

Screwdriver is driven by fully turning the blade in clockwise motion until the entire
screw is removed from the wood and metal. The purpose is to hold or fix two pieces and by
no chances to space apart even opposing force occurs.

ROUTINE MAINTENANCE

Maintenance of hand tools and machines are both primordial concerns of a repair
technician in the welding shops and/or in the welding production. The activities should be on
schedule and with proper coordination with the production people. The term “repair” and
“maintenance” works mean differently. Repair, unusually focuses on the program of works
done in the operation of power plants in machines that are in trouble of stopping its function.
While the term “maintenance” means a scheduled or a planned visit of tools or equipment’s
for inspection and from there, reports and recommendation developed and the next tasks to
be decided such as cleaning, application of lubricants, dismantling and etc.
Some of the simple maintenance activities for hand tools, and the maintenance schedule
should be posted in a visible corner of the shop where everybody can read it.

▪ Lubricating. A task performed in the shop/production. Through the application of lubricant

substance to the identified items in parts like barrels, rollers, springs, bearing, bolts and nuts,
and other automotive parts.

▪ Tightening/Loosening. In an assembly of structures, we have tools for fittings that need

to be tightened and loosened and in as much as they pose high risk to safety. Tightening bolts
and nuts and other fittings requires procedures should carried out compliance.

▪ Tool for hand Sharpening. Some tools need to be sharpened such as blades of knife,
cold chisel, punches and many others. To do hand sharpening for hand tools requires
techniques and application. In some multi knives cutter, manufacturers produce knife
sharpening system to hold or clamp the blade for ensuring strong blade to stone contact during
sharpening and also provided with course to fine honing stones. For cold chisel and punches,
the right file-size and grades are used for repairing the defective anvil curve.

▪ Simple Repair. Repair practices of hand tools are still available anytime. But, to some
extent, tools are checked yearly and many of the hand tools are eligible for condemnation and
the whole items are to be replaced by a new unit. However, there are instances that minor
repair can be performed, like replacement of wooden handle of a hammer and mushroomed
head of a cold chisel.

▪ Cleaning. Simple process applied to hand tools. The cleaning approach may differ from
one another. For example, cleaning of the rack corners of hand tools by using air vacuum or
by a piece of clothes. Similar process may be applied to identical cleaning situations. By piece
of cloth By air vacuum

PROPER STORAGE OF HAND TOOLS/EQUIPMENT

(5S Implementation)

✓ Clearly label machinery, equipment, part, jigs, tools, and their locations, so that everything
is understandable, and visible to everyone at a glance.
✓ Don‘t pile up jigs, tools, and materials without separators (shelves). They should be picked
up easily.

✓ Rearrange machinery and equipment to make smooth production flow, when necessary.

✓ Maintain the space around the fire extinguishers and evacuation passages free.

II. Learning Skills from the MELC:

1. Task is performed in accordance with company or industry safety procedures.

2. Routine maintenance of hand tools is undertaken according to standard operating

procedures, principles and techniques.

3. Hand tools are stored in designated location in accordance with manufacturer’s

instruction or standard operating procedure.

III. ACTIVITIES:

ACTIVITY 2.1

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet.

1. Defective hand tools are kept and ___________.

A) marked as defective. C) put anywhere in the shop.
B) mixed together with non-defective tools. D) sold in the junk shop

2. One way of checking whether hand tools are defective or non-defective is the________.
1. length of service 11. trade mark of the manufacturer 111. physical appearance

A. 1 only B. 11 only C. 111 only D. 1, 11, and 111

3. Which is determined after the operation of a hand tool is tested?
A. Service span B. Performance C. Physical appearance D. Repair Maintenance

4. All defective hand tools with major defects are subjected to _________.
1. Repair 11. Condemnation 111. Display/sample

A. 1 only B. 11 only C. 111 only D. 1, 11, and 111

5. Service span of a tool pertains to _________.

A) maintenance schedule C) functionality of a tool
B) determining when the tool is acquired D) defectiveness of a tool

ACTIVITY 2.2

Direction: Match the column A to column B. letter of answers can be repeat. Write your
answer on a separate answer sheet.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
_____1. Process applied to hand tool to
extend its life span. A. Cleaning.
_____2. the application of a substance to B. Simple repair
the identified items in parts like barrels, C. Lubricating
 rollers, springs, bearing, bolts and nuts, and D. Overhauling
other automotive parts to lessen friction. E. Maintenance
_____3. A bench vise is resting. How could
have been prevented?
_____4. A worker handle of a ball peen
hammer is broken. What is the remedy?
_____5. Your hacksaw is dull? What
maintenance activity should you do?

ACTIVITY 2.3

Direction: Here are simple maintenance activities for hand tools. Identify the tools where
each of the above 5 activities apply.

1. Lubricating
2. Tightening/ Loosening
3. Sharpening
4. Simple Repair
5. Cleaning

PERFORMANCE TASK 1.2.1

Direction: Demonstrate the use of the tools below then use the checklist as basis for judging
whether you meet the required competency. Write yes or no on separate answer sheet.

A. Hack Saw C. Screw Drivers

B. Hammer D. Chisel

YES NO
1. Can select correct type of blade of a hacksaw.
2. Can move the body a little forward while sawing the metal.
3. Can apply pressure during forward stroke and release in return while sawing.
4. Can strike the metal with flat head of a hammer.
5. Can use wrench in loosening and tightening nuts and bolts.
6. Can use types of screw drivers correctly.
7. Can perform actual operations of hand tools by following safety
8. Can hold cold chisel properly while hammering with a hammer.
9. Can follow steps in rounding stock with the use of a hammer.
10. Can assemble and disassemble properly some movable hand tools.

Overall: Did the student meet the standard requirements?

V- ANSWER KEY

ACTIVITY 2.1 ACTIVITY 2.2

1. A 1. A
2. C 2. C
3. C 3. C
4. B 4. B
5. B 5. B
References:

• Welding Technology, Second Edition by Gower A. Kennedy

• Welding Inspection Technology, Education Department, American welding Society
• Welding Principles and Application by Larry Jeffus and Harold V. Johnson

Prepared by:

ALVIN D. DALAODAO
Teacher I- IA

Validated by:

JHURAM D. LANCAON LIZ IVY B. SARRATO

Teacher I Teacher II

AVE ADONIS A. RICARDO JOSEPH SARSABA

School Head Principal I

FERNANDO M. BARRAMEDA
Principal I

Reviewed by:

EDWIN B. MOICO
Division IA Coordinator