The document discusses various areas and applications of biotechnology including:
1) Advances in cell and tissue culture over the past 100 years that have provided insights into areas like biological clocks and cancer therapy.
2) The use of monoclonal antibodies to detect and localize biological molecules and potentially destroy targets like cancer cells.
3) How molecular biology and DNA technology are applied to fields like solving crimes and mapping the human genome.
4) Genetic engineering techniques that allow transferring genes between organisms, creating modified plants and animals with desirable traits for applications like producing new antibiotics and drugs.
The document discusses various areas and applications of biotechnology including:
1) Advances in cell and tissue culture over the past 100 years that have provided insights into areas like biological clocks and cancer therapy.
2) The use of monoclonal antibodies to detect and localize biological molecules and potentially destroy targets like cancer cells.
3) How molecular biology and DNA technology are applied to fields like solving crimes and mapping the human genome.
4) Genetic engineering techniques that allow transferring genes between organisms, creating modified plants and animals with desirable traits for applications like producing new antibiotics and drugs.
The document discusses various areas and applications of biotechnology including:
1) Advances in cell and tissue culture over the past 100 years that have provided insights into areas like biological clocks and cancer therapy.
2) The use of monoclonal antibodies to detect and localize biological molecules and potentially destroy targets like cancer cells.
3) How molecular biology and DNA technology are applied to fields like solving crimes and mapping the human genome.
4) Genetic engineering techniques that allow transferring genes between organisms, creating modified plants and animals with desirable traits for applications like producing new antibiotics and drugs.
The document discusses various areas and applications of biotechnology including:
1) Advances in cell and tissue culture over the past 100 years that have provided insights into areas like biological clocks and cancer therapy.
2) The use of monoclonal antibodies to detect and localize biological molecules and potentially destroy targets like cancer cells.
3) How molecular biology and DNA technology are applied to fields like solving crimes and mapping the human genome.
4) Genetic engineering techniques that allow transferring genes between organisms, creating modified plants and animals with desirable traits for applications like producing new antibiotics and drugs.
BIOTECHNOLOGY BIOTECHNOLOGY BIOTECHNOLOGY: PRESENT AND FUTURE AREAS OF APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGY:
In 1885, a scientist named Roux
demonstrated embryonic chick cells could be kept alive outside an animal's body. For the next hundred years, advances in cell tissue culture have provided fascinating glimpses into many different areas such as biological clocks and cancer therapy. AREAS OF APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGY:
Monoclonal antibodies are new
tools to detect and localize specific biological molecules. In principle, monoclonal antibodies can be made against any macromolecule and used to locate, purify or even potentially destroy a molecule as for example with anticancer drugs AREAS OF APPLIED BIOTECHNOLOGY:
Molecular biology is useful in
many fields. DNA technology is utilized in solving crimes. It also allows searchers to produce banks of DNA, RNA and proteins, while mapping the human genome. Tracers are used to synthesize specific DNA or RNA probes, essential to localizing sequences involved in genetic disorders. GENETIC ENGINEERING GENETIC ENGINEERING,
With genetic engineering, new
proteins are synthesized. They can be introduced into plants or animal genomes, producing a new type of disease resistant plants, capable of living in inhospitable environments (i.e. temperature and water extremes,...). When introduced into bacteria, these proteins have also produced new antibiotics and useful drugs. WHAT ARE THE USES OF GENETIC ENGINEERING? CLONING Techniques of cloning generate large quantities of pure human proteins, which are used to treat diseases like diabetes. In the future, a resource bank for rare human proteins or other molecules is a possibility. For instance, DNA sequences which are modified to correct a mutation, to increase the production of a specific protein or to produce a new type of protein can be stored . This technique will be probably play a key role in gene therapy. USING BIOTECHNOLOGY TO MODIFY PLANTS AND ANIMALS
Combining DNA from different existing
organisms (plants, animals, insects, bacteria, etc.) results in modified organisms with a combination of traits from the parents. The sharing of DNA information takes place naturally through sexual reproduction and has been exploited in plant and animal breeding programs for many years. USING BIOTECHNOLOGY TO MODIFY PLANTS AND ANIMALS
However, sexual reproduction can
occur only between individuals of the same species. A Holstein cow can be mated with a Hereford bull because the two animals are different breeds of the same species, cattle. But trying to mate a cow with a horse, a different species of animal, would not be successful. USING BIOTECHNOLOGY TO MODIFY PLANTS AND ANIMALS
What is new since 1972 is that
scientists have been able to identify the specific DNA genes for many desirable traits and transfer only those genes, usually carried on a plasmid or virus, into another organism. This process is called genetic engineering and the transfer of DNA is accomplished using either direct injection or the Agrobacterium, electroporation, or particle gun transformation techniques. USING BIOTECHNOLOGY TO MODIFY PLANTS AND ANIMALS It provides a method to transfer DNA between any living cells (plant, animal, insect, bacterial, etc.). Virtually any desirable trait found in nature can, in principle, be transferred into any chosen organism. An organism modified by genetic engineering is called transgenic. See diagram at the right. PRODUCTS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING Specific applications of genetic engineering are abundant and increasing rapidly in number. Genetic engineering is being used in the production of pharmaceuticals, gene therapy, and the development of transgenic plants and animals. PRODUCTS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING PRODUCTS OF GENETIC ENGINEERING
