Chapter 2
Chapter 2
Chapter 2
Chapter 2
The Electric Circuit
A practical electric circuit has at least four parts:
a source of electromotive force
conductors
a load
A means of control
The Electric Circuit
a source of electromotive force
batteries
generator
The Electric Circuit
conductors
wires that connect the various parts of
the circuit and conduct the circuit.
wires which offer low resistance to a
current.
The Electric Circuit
a load
electromotive Load
force (battery) (resistor)
control (switch)
conductor (wire)
The Electric Circuit
A circuit is called incomplete or open circuit if a
break in the circuit does not provide a
complete path for current.
VB R
SW
Switch open
The Electric Circuit
To protect a circuit, a fuse is placed directly into
the circuit.
Shorting
VB connection
R
fuse
The Electric Circuit
R R
G1 G2
The Electric Circuit
A ground symbol is often used to show that a
number of wires are connected to a common
point in a circuit.
V
I R
Ohm’s Law
Example no. 1
An electric light bulb draws 1.0 A when operating on
a 120-V dc circuit. What is the resistance of the bulb?
Solution:
Light Bulb
I = IA R=?
V = 120-V
V
R=
I
R =120 Ω
Power
P=V I
P=I R
2
Power
P= V2 /R
Power
Example no. 2
If the voltage across a 25 000Ω resistor is
500 V, what is the power dissipated in the
resistor?
P = V2 / R
= 5002 / 25 000
= 10 W
HORSEPOWER
One horsepower (hp) is equivalent to
746 watts.
ELECTRIC ENERGY
kWh = kW x h
ELECTRIC ENERGY
Example
How much energy is delivered in 2h by a
generator supplying 10 kW?
kWh = 10kW x 2h
kWh = 20kWh Energy delivered