LESSON 1 Properties of A Well Written Text

For a text to a weel-written, one must
keep in mind these four properties

I. ORGANIZATION
II. COHERENCE & COHESION
A. Arrangement of details according to:
1. Chronological Order
2. Spatial Order
3. Emphatic Order
B. Signal Device
1. Transitions (Time, Sequence, Space, Illustration,
Comparison, Contrast, Cause and Effect, and
Conclusion)
2. Repetitions
3. Synonyms
4. PronounsUSE
III. LANGUAGE
IV. MECHANICS
i. Organization
It said that ideas are well-developed when there is a clear statement,
purpose, position, facts, examples, specific details, definitions,
explanation, justifications, or opposing viewpoints.
Structural framework
Organization is achieved when these ideas are logically and accurately
arranged.
- with Introduction ,Body and Conclusion
clear statement, purpose,
position, facts, examples, IDEAS are formed
specific details, definitions, and well- = Organization
explanation, justifications,
or opposing viewpoints. developed.
ii. coherence & cohesion
This means that sentences are arranged in a logical
manner, making them easily understood by the reader.
COHESION
-connection of ideas at the sentence level
The property of unity in a written text or a segment
of spoken discourse that stems from links among its
surface elements, as when words in one sentence are
repeated in another, and especially from the fact that
some words or phrases depend for their interpretation
upon material in preceding or following text .
Example
Be assured of this. Most people do not want to fight.
However, they will do so when provoked.
How can we organize the details in a
Paragraph?
Coherence & cohesion
A. Arrangement of details according to the following;
Chronological The details are arranged in the order which they
order happened.
The sentences of a paragraph are arranged according
Spatial to geographical location, such as left-to-right, up-
order to-down etc.
utilizes the concept of importance
Emphatic information on a paragraph is arranged to
emphasize certain points depending on the
order writer's purpose.
(Coherence ) 2 ways
a. least to most important
b. most to least important
Examples
Paragraph
#1
Paragraph
#2
Examples
Paragraph #3 Paragraph #1
After looking at all the brochures and
talking to several salesmen, I decided to
purchase an SLR camera. For several years I
had been dissatisfied with the results I was
getting from my point-and-shoot camera.
The framing was imprecise and the focus
was not always accurate. I had planned a
vacation to an area that promised many
fabulous photo opportunities, and I wanted
to capture each one with accuracy. But the
most important reason I decided on the SLR
camera was the great versatility it offered.
Examples
Paragraph #3- explanation
In the above paragraph, the organization

moves from least important idea
(dissatisfaction with the results of the
point-and shoot-camera) to the most
important idea (the versality offered with
the SLR camera.
Paragraph?
B. Signal Devices
Words that give readers an idea of
how the points in your paragraph
are progressing
Paragraph?
B. Signal Devices
Words that connect one idea
1. transitionS another, in order for our ideas to to
flow smoothly.
a. Time first, immediately, aftereard, before, at
the same time, after. earlier,
simultaneously, finally, next, in the
meantime, later, eventually, then,
meanwhile, now, subsequent, etc.
Paragraph?
B. Signal Devices
Words that connect one idea to
1. transitionS another, in order for our ideas to
flow smoothly.
b. Sequence moreover, furthermore, next, also, finally,
last, another, first, second, third, besides,
additionall, etc.
Paragraph?
B. Signal Devices
flow smoothly.
c. Space above, next to, below, behind, beside, etc.
d. Illustration for instance, specifically, for example,
namely, in this case, to illustrate, etc,
Paragraph?
B. Signal Devices
flow smoothly.
e. Comparison similarly, also, in the same way, still,
likewise, in comparison, too etc.
Paragraph?
B. Signal Devices
flow smoothly.
f. COntrast but, despite, however, even though, yet,
on the other hand, although, on the
contrary, otherwise, conversely, etc.
Paragraph?
B. Signal Devices
Words that connect one idea
1. transitionS another, in order for our ideas to to
flow smoothly.
g. Cause and
because, as a result, consequently,
Effect then, so, since, etc.
h. Conclusion thus, therefore, in conclusion, in short,
etc.
Paragraph?
B. Signal Devices
2. Repetition repetitions of main ideas keep
continuity and highlight important
ideas
1. If you think you can do it, you can do it.
2. The judge commanded, stamping his mallet on the
table, "Order in the court, order in the court."
Paragraph?
B. Signal Devices
3. synonyms
these are words similar in meaning
to important words or phrases
that prevent tedious repetitions.
Paragraph?
B. Signal Devices
3. synonyms
example
Paragraph?
B. Signal Devices
4. Pronouns -The use of pronouns is to replace
the nouns with words like he, she,
EXAMPLES: it, they, we, us, him or them.
Kobe Bryant is one of the best professional basketball players in the
world. He is the only player who played 20 seasons (his entire career)
with the same team, the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball
Association (NBA). He is the Lakers’ all-time leading scorer and won
five NBA championships.
iii. language use
refers to the appropriateness of the word/vocabulary
An effective language is specific, concise, familiar, correct and
appropriate.
Elements of Effective Language
1. Concise Language -the use of fewest number of words possible
2. Concrete Language -words
based on our senses; sight, touch, sound, smell & taste
3. Common Language that are easily understood and recognized by th
4. Precise and Clear Language readers
Precise and clear language gives readers clear and
precise word imagery to make your writing easier to
understand and to follow.
iv. mechanics
set of conventions on how to spell,
abbreviate, punctuate, and capitalize
Avoid contractions and exclamation points
(unless part of a direct quotation)
Mention the full name before the
abbreviation.
Numbers from 0-10 must be spelled out.

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For a text to a weel-written, one must

keep in mind these four properties

In the above paragraph, the organization

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