SPJ G7W3C4

7
Journalism (English)
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
[[
ATTRIBUTION AND CITATION

OF SOURCES
Journalism (English) 7
Journalism Learning Kit
Competency: Observe intellectual property rights through
proper attributions/citations of sources (SPJ7MDL-Ic-8)
Attribution and Citation of Sources
in Journalism
First Edition, 2020
Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Schools Division of Iloilo
Luna Street, La Paz, Iloilo City
Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any
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impose as a condition the payment of royalties.
This Journalism Learning Kit is published to be utilized by the Schools

Division of Iloilo.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be

reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical
without written permission from the Schools Division of Iloilo.
Development Team of Journalism Learning Kit
Writer: Jessica S. Ribeiro
Illustrators: Armand Glenn S. Lapor, Mark T. Dasa
Layout Artists: Lilibeth E. Larupay, G.L. John C. Haro, Jun Victor F. Bactan
Ricky T. Salabe, Jessica S. Ribeiro
Division Quality Assurance Team: Lilibeth E. Larupay, Dr. Ruby Therese P. Almencion
Armand Glenn S. Lapor, Bonifacio D. Camilon,
Cheza T. Plondaya, Agustin T. Estoque
Management Team: Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma, Dr. Josilyn S. Solana,

Dr. Elena P. Gonzaga, Donald T. Genine,
Dr. Paul Nestor M. Pingil, Dr. Roel F. Bermejo,
Dr. Nordy D. Siason, Jr. Dr. Lilibeth T. Estoque,
Dr. Azucena T. Falales, Ruben S. Libutaque, Lilibeth E. Larupay,
Dr. Ruby Therese P. Almencion
proper attributions/citations of sources. (SPJ7MDL-Ic-8)
Attribution and Citation of Sources
in Journalism
BEGIN
You found some really cool

information in the internet and you want
to put it in your feature story. Now,
before you use that information, there’s
something you should know. Taking
information from a source and putting it
in your story without sharing where you
originally found it, might put you into
serious trouble.
As a student journalist, it’s okay to
use information from other sources in
your writing, but always remember to
attribute or cite the source from which
you originally found the information.
This module, will teach you about
the importance of citing sources of
information in writing to avoid plagiarism.
So, buckle up for the start of another
exciting JOURNey!
TARGET
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

1. observe intellectual property rights through proper attributions/citations of
sources. (SPJ7MDL-Ic-8)
Journalism (English) 7 TRY THIS

proper attributions/citations of sources (SPJ7MDL-Ic-8) 3
ACTIVITY 1: LET’S TALK IT OUT!
Directions: Complete each comic strip below by providing the appropriate response
on the conversation bubble. How would you respond on each situation?
DO THIS
ACTIVITY 2: WATCH AND LEARN

Directions: Read the background information in the box and watch the YouTube
video using the link that follows. https://youtu.be/VZnkflY0L-c
In 2012, Senator Tito Sotto was accused plagiarizing several parts in his
speech against the Reproductive Health Bill in the Philippine Senate.
Several local and international news agencies and internet users reported that
Sotto had taken words from a 2011 blog entry by Sarah Pope, an American home
economic blogger. Another journalist, Raissa Robles, also pointed out that Sotto
plagiarized five bloggers and a briefing paper.
On November 9, 2012, Kerry Kennedy, the daughter of the late American
senator Robert F. Kennedy wrote a public letter to Senator Sotto accusing him of
plagiarizing Robert F. Kennedy’s 1996 Day of Affirmation Speech in his remarks to the
Philippine Senate last September 5, 2012.
Sotto issued an apology to the Kennedy family but refused to admit that he
committed plagiarism in his speech. He argued that he did not claim the ideas and
words as his own; therefore, he did not plagiarize.
EXPLORE
E
Amazing! Now that you are done
watching the video, you are now ready to
respond to the questions that follow. Carefully
read and understand each question. Write
your answers in your Journalism (English) 7
notebook. Do your best!
1. What did you feel after reading or watching the video and why?
2. Based on the report, what did Senator Tito Sotto violate?
3. How did Senator Sotto react on the accusations of plagiarism?
4. How does being accused of plagiarism affect a person’s credibility?
5. Why do you think it is important to acknowledge the source/s of the information in
writing?
6. As a student journalist, how will you avoid being accused of plagiarism?
KEEP THIS IN MIND
Great job! You have successfully recognized

the importance of citations and attributions. Your
insights on the questions were truly relevant. Keep
up the good work. This time, let us dig deeper on
the specific importance of attributing and citing
sources. Now, you will be given an overview of
what plagiarism is. Let’s go!
A good reporter makes it clear where he or she got the information. Everything
except for the most obvious and commonly known facts should be attributed or cited.
When in doubt, don’t assume your reader knows. State where you got your
information. The reader can then decide how reliable a story is.
To a journalist, ATTRIBUTION means telling your readers where the
information in your story comes from, as well as who is being quoted. Attribution
usually includes the full name of the person providing the quoted material or
relevant info, and his job title (if needed to show why the source was used).
For example:
Education Secretary Leonor Briones declares that the official opening of
classes will be on October 5, “Pero hindi ibig sabihin lahat pisikal papasok kasi may
lockdown tayo,” she clarified.
On the other hand, a CITATION means that you show, within the body of your
text, that you took words, ideas, figures, images, etc. from another place. Citations are
a short way to uniquely identify a published work (e.g. book, article, chapter, web site).
A citation must include a set of parentheses to avoid the risk of being charged with
PLAGIARISM.
For example:
Adolescents frequently use social media because they have reached a stage
in life when they spend most of their leisure time alone (Larson, 1990) and they are
also at a stage in life when they are trying to develop their identity (Arnett, 2007).
Why should you attribute or cite sources?

 To show respect for the work or statements of others by giving due credit
 To strengthen your story by providing support to your ideas
 To show that the information you presented is reliable
 To establish the credibility and authority of your knowledge and ideas
 To give the reader the opportunity to follow up our references, out of interest
When should you use citations or attributions?
 Everytime you borrow words or ideas
 Everytime you use quotes or paraphrase
 Everytime you use an idea that someone else has already expressed
 Everytime you make specific reference to the work of another
There are 3 different ways on how you could attribute sources in journalism:
1. Paraphrase
Expressing the meaning of the writer or speaker using different words,
especially to achieve greater clarity.
Example:
Mary Velasquez, a resident of Pavia Iloilo, said the sight of violent water
eating their house during Typhoon Frank was terrifying.
2. Direct Quote
This is the use of another person's exact words—either spoken or in print—
incorporated into writing. These words appear inside quotation marks. The
attribution word appears outside the quotation marks.
Example:
“It looked like the end of the world when violent water rushed to eat our
house. I’ve never seen anything like that in my life,” said Mary Velasquez, a
resident of Pavia, Iloilo whose house Typhoon Frank destroyed.
3. Paraphrase and Quote

Journalists often use both paraphrases and direct quotes from a source. Direct
quotes provide immediacy and a more connected human element to the story.
They tend to draw the reader in.
Example:
Mary Velasquez, a resident of Pavia, Iloilo, said the sight of violent water
eating their house during the Typhoon Frank was terrifying.
“It looked like the end of the world…I’ve never seen anything like that in my
life,” added Mary.
One of the greatest dangers of not citing or attributing sources is plagiarism.

Many people think of plagiarism as copying another's work or borrowing someone
else's original ideas. But terms like "copying" and "borrowing" can disguise the
seriousness of the offense.
What is plagiarism?
 To steal and pass off (the ideas or words of another) as one's own
 To use (another's production) without crediting the source
 To present as new and original an idea or product derived from an existing
source (Merriam-Webster online dictionary)
In other words, plagiarism is an act of fraud. It involves both stealing someone
else's work and lying about it afterward.
But can words and ideas really be stolen?

Yes. The expression of original ideas is considered intellectual property and
is protected by copyright laws, just like original inventions.
All of the following are considered plagiarism:

 turning in someone else's work as your own
 copying words or ideas from someone else without giving credit
 failing to put a quotation in quotation marks
 giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation
 copying or changing so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up the
majority of your work, whether you give credit or not
 copying media (especially images) from other websites to paste them into your
own papers or websites.
 a photograph or scan of a copyrighted image (for example: using a photograph
of a book cover to represent that book on one’s website)
SUM UP
You are doing amazingly well with this

module so far. To sum up everything that we
have tackled, here are the tidbits of important
concepts for this module.
The expression of original ideas is considered intellectual property and is

protected by copyright laws, just like original inventions. That is why, as journalists,
you need to give due credit to the source where you got your information.
You can give credit through attribution or telling your readers where the
information in your story comes from, as well as who is being quoted through using
paraphrase, direct quote or a combination of both. You may also use citation or the
way you tell your readers that certain material in your work came from another source.
Probably, the worst thing that can happen to someone who steals other
people’s work and lying about it afterward is called plagiarism. Turning someone’s
work as your own, copying someone’s work without credit, and failing to put quotation
marks are some forms of plagiarism.
APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED
ACTIVITY 3: MARK MY WORDS

Directions: The statements in the box are the exact words from Pres. Rodrigo Duterte’s
speech during the State of the Nations Address (SONA), June 22, 2020. Choose three
(3) statements and reconstruct each of them into different ways to show how to attribute
sources in journalism. Write your answers in your Journalism (English) 7 notebook.
Study the example for your reference.
ON COVID-19 VACCINE: “The vaccine is around the corner. Sooner and not later, the
coronavirus will be laid to rest.”
ON GREED: “If we allow greed and self-interest to rule us, we will be left with nothing
better than the lesser evil instead of the greater good.”
ON HUMAN RIGHTS: “Government efforts to protect the right of children will be
amplified to prevent, reduce and eliminate any form of child labor.”
ON LOCAL TRAVEL: "We enjoin our people to boost the economy by traveling locally."
ON FACE-TO-FACE TEACHING: “Until the COVID-19 vaccine is available, I will not
allow face-to-face classes. I cannot put the lives of our teachers and students at risk.”
ON FIGHT VS COVID: "Ito ang panahon para magtulungan. Hindi panahon para
maglamangan... This is the time to bring out the best in us."
Type of
attribution Statement with attribution
Example:
Paraphrase During his 2020 SONA, Pres. Rodrigo Duterte instructed Filipinos to travel
locally to boost the country’s economy.
Paraphrase
Direct
quote
Paraphrase
and direct
quote
REFLECT
REFLECT
Very good! You just proved that you have

the potential to become a credible journalist.
Your thoughts matter. Therefore, the next
activity will allow you to share them in a
creative way. Let’s go!
ACTIVITY 4: DRAWING CONCLUSIONS

Directions: Draw yourself on the blank human figure below and be as creative as
possible. You may add colors. Then, share your realizations regarding the
topics tackled in this module.
proper attributions/citations of sources. (SPJ7MDL-Ic-8)
ASSESS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED
ACTIVITY 5: BEFORE MOVING ON

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it in your Journalism
(English) 7 notebook.
1. What symbol is used when the writer wants to write exactly what the other person
said word by word?
A. question mark C. semicolon
B. quotation mark D. colon
2. It is the creation of ideas, inventions, literary and artistic works and symbols,
names and images used in business and education.
A. intellectual property C. citation of sources
B. copyright infringement D. attribution of sources
3. Which of the following best describes the advantage of using direct quotations in
attributing sources?
A. Direct quotes draw the reader in because it is full of dramatic narratives.
B. Direct quotes are easier to write because the writer would just copy what the
person said, word by word.
C. Direct quotes can be trusted sources of information since these are honestly
said by a person.
D. Direct quotes provide immediacy and a more connected, human element to
the story.
4. The Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) announced on Monday that there are
now 9,597 COVID- 19 cases among overseas Filipinos in the Americas, Asia and
the Pacific, Europe, and Middle East/Africa as of August 3, 2020 (Philippine Star.
Based on the news report, how did the writer attribute the source?
A. by quoting C. by using statistics
B. by paraphrasing D. by combining quotes and paraphrase
5. “War is not even an option,” according to retired Supreme Court senior

associate justice Antonio Carpio, because the United Nations Charter of the
Philippine Constitution do not allow this to settle territorial or maritime.
A. by quoting C. by mentioning the person’s position
B. by paraphrasing D. by combining quotes and paraphrase
6. “We started the project in June and we sent back our analysis a few weeks ago
to NASA. On July 23, they sent us an email confirming that we had identified a
dear Earth object,” Vekariya, who is 15 years old, told CNN.
A. by quoting C.by using acronyms
B. by paraphrasing D.by combining quotes and paraphrase
Journalism
Journalism (English)
(English) 77
Competency:
Competency: Observe
Observe intellectual
intellectual property
property rights
rights through
through
proper attributions/citations of sources. (SPJ7MDL-Ic-8) 11
7. Which of the following types of information DOES NOT need citation or
attribution anymore?
A. interviews C. a photo that someone took
B. paraphrased ideas D. common knowledge
8. Which of the following definitions DO NOT define plagiarism?

A. It is writing untrue statements about a person’s life.
B. It is stealing ideas or words of another as one’s own.
C. It is using another’s music without crediting the source.
D. It is presenting a new idea taken from an already existing source.
9. Which of the following practices may be at risk of plagiarism?

A. copying an article and posting it on your website
B. naming the source of a picture you grabbed from the internet
C. putting quotation marks to the actual statement of your interviewee
D. indicating the name of the writer of a line that you used in your research
10. The following are reasons why one should cite or attribute sources, EXCEPT:
A. to strengthen your story C. to establish credibility and reliability
B. to prove that you are a genius D. to show respect to the work of others
GLOSSARY
accusations – n. A charge of wrongdoing

adolescents – n. Period of life when a child grows into an adult
amplified – v. To make larger or greater
authority – n. Power to influence or command thought, opinion or behavior
credibility – n. The quality of being trustworthy or believable
eliminate – v. To put an end
exuberance – n. The quality of being uncontrolled and enthusiastic
fraud – n. One who is not what he or she pretends to be
idealism – n. The practice of upholding a standard perfection, beauty or excellence.
immediacy – n. The quality of being updated as quickly as new information is
available
invalidate – v. To weaken or destroy
reduce – v. To lessen or decrease
reliable – adj. Fit to be trusted or relied on
Journalism (English) 7etency: Observe intellectual property
ANSWER KEY
rights through prop attributions/citations of sources.
(SPJ7MDL-Ic-8)
ACTIVITY 5
1. B 5. D 9. A
2. A 6. A 10. B
3. D 7. D
4. B 8. A
REFERENCES
Anderson, Monica, and Jingjing Jiang. “Teens, Social Media & Technology 2018.”
Pew Research Center: Internet, Science & Tech, Pew Research Center, 30 May
2020, www.pewresearch.org/internet/2018/05/31/teens-social-media-technology-
2018/.
Arizona State University. Cronkite School Academic Integrity Policy.

cronkite.asu.edu/assets/pdf/Academic_Integrity_Policy.pdf.
“Dictionary by Merriam-Webster: America's Most-Trusted Online Dictionary.” Merriam-

Webster. Merriam-Webster. Accessed July 29, 2020. https://www.merriam-
webster.com/.
“How to Write a News Article: Naming Sources.” LibGuides, 14 July 2020,

spcollege.libguides.com/c.php?g=254319&p=1695316.
Lister, Author Allyson. “Attribution vs Citation: Do You Know the Difference?” The Mind
Wobbles, 10 July 2009, themindwobbles.wordpress.com/2009/07/10/attribution-
vs-citation-do-you-know-the-difference/.
MasterClass. “How to Attribute a Quote: 6 Tips for Correct Attribution - 2020.”

MasterClass, MasterClass, 14 Jan. 2020, www.masterclass.com/articles/how-to-
attribute-a-quote#what-is-attribution.
Plagiarism.Org. “What Is Plagiarism?” Plagiarismorg RSS, 18 May 2017,

www.plagiarism.org/article/what-is-plagiarism
Sunstar, LMY. “SUMMARY: Duterte's Sona 2020.” Sunstar, Sunstar, 27 July 2020,
www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1864893/Manila/Local-News/LIVE-BLOG-President-
Rodrigo-Dutertes-State-of-the-Nation-Address-2020.
Tressel, Ashley. “The News Explained: The Importance of Attribution.” The Ukiah Daily
Journal, The Ukiah Daily Journal, 23 Aug. 2018,
www.ukiahdailyjournal.com/2017/07/17/the-news-explained-the-importance-of-
attribution/.

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7

ATTRIBUTION AND CITATION

Published in the Philippines

This Journalism Learning Kit is published to be utilized by the Schools

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be

Development Team of Journalism Learning Kit

Writer: Jessica S. Ribeiro

Illustrators: Armand Glenn S. Lapor, Mark T. Dasa

Management Team: Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma, Dr. Josilyn S. Solana,

You found some really cool

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

Journalism (English) 7 TRY THIS

ACTIVITY 2: WATCH AND LEARN

Great job! You have successfully recognized

Why should you attribute or cite sources?

3. Paraphrase and Quote

One of the greatest dangers of not citing or attributing sources is plagiarism.

But can words and ideas really be stolen?

All of the following are considered plagiarism:

You are doing amazingly well with this

The expression of original ideas is considered intellectual property and is

ACTIVITY 3: MARK MY WORDS

Study the example for your reference.

Very good! You just proved that you have

ACTIVITY 4: DRAWING CONCLUSIONS

ACTIVITY 5: BEFORE MOVING ON

5. “War is not even an option,” according to retired Supreme Court senior

8. Which of the following definitions DO NOT define plagiarism?

9. Which of the following practices may be at risk of plagiarism?

accusations – n. A charge of wrongdoing

Arizona State University. Cronkite School Academic Integrity Policy.

“Dictionary by Merriam-Webster: America's Most-Trusted Online Dictionary.” Merriam-

“How to Write a News Article: Naming Sources.” LibGuides, 14 July 2020,

MasterClass. “How to Attribute a Quote: 6 Tips for Correct Attribution - 2020.”

Plagiarism.Org. “What Is Plagiarism?” Plagiarismorg RSS, 18 May 2017,

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