Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 19 views

    LAS-DLS-421 Module Outline

    Uploaded by

    Elisha Manishimwe
    This document outlines a course on data analysis by least squares. [1] It describes the modules aims to consolidate knowledge of least squares analysis of surveying observations. [2] The learning outcomes include mathematically formulating least squares problems, applying statistical analysis to survey data adjustment, and interpreting least squares outputs. [3] The module components are lectures, tutorials, assignments and exams assessing topics like parameter estimation, network adjustment, and general least squares principles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    LAS-DLS-421 Module Outline

    Uploaded by

    Elisha Manishimwe
    19 views8 pages
    This document outlines a course on data analysis by least squares. [1] It describes the modules aims to consolidate knowledge of least squares analysis of surveying observations. [2] The learning outcomes include mathematically formulating least squares problems, applying statistical analysis to survey data adjustment, and interpreting least squares outputs. [3] The module components are lectures, tutorials, assignments and exams assessing topics like parameter estimation, network adjustment, and general least squares principles.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document outlines a course on data analysis by least squares. [1] It describes the modules aims to consolidate knowledge of least squares analysis of surveying observations. [2] The learning outcomes include mathematically formulating least squares problems, applying statistical analysis to survey data adjustment, and interpreting least squares outputs. [3] The module components are lectures, tutorials, assignments and exams assessing topics like parameter estimation, network adjustment, and general least squares principles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    19 views8 pages

    LAS-DLS-421 Module Outline

    Uploaded by

    Elisha Manishimwe
    This document outlines a course on data analysis by least squares. [1] It describes the modules aims to consolidate knowledge of least squares analysis of surveying observations. [2] The learning outcomes include mathematically formulating least squares problems, applying statistical analysis to survey data adjustment, and interpreting least squares outputs. [3] The module components are lectures, tutorials, assignments and exams assessing topics like parameter estimation, network adjustment, and general least squares principles.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 8

    COURSE OUTLINE

    For

    DATA ANALYSIS BY LEAST SQUARES

    (LAS -DLS- 421)

    1
    Module Outline

    1. Module code and Module title

    Module code LAS – DLS – 421

    Module title Data Analysis by Least Squares

    2. Module description

    The aim of this module is to consolidate the knowledge the students acquired in LAS-LSM-411 by
    introducing the analysis of surveying observations by the least squares method and associated
    statistical analysis

    3. Learning outcomes

    On completion of this module students will be able to:


    (a) Mathematically formulate all standard least squares problems experienced in
    geomatics;
    (b) Apply statistical concepts and techniques to the adjustment
    and analysis of survey data;
    (c) Setup the equations within a parametric method of least squares adjustment;
    (d) Analyse the stochastic model to determine the degree of precision of a survey;
    (e) Calculate least squares adjustment data step by step without using computer
    programmes designed for Least Squares;
    (f) Interpret output from Least Squares analysis, including variance factor and outlier
    investigation;
    (g) Adjust Mathematically survey networks by the method of least squares, using
    both manual methods and computer software packages;
    (h) Plan and design survey networks.

    2
    4. Module syllabus

    Topic Contents/ fundamental concepts


    (a) Review of relevant • Precision and Accuracy; theory of errors; error
    statistical concepts propagation;Normal Distribution, Confidence limits,
    rejection criteria, T-Test, Fishers F-Test, Chi Square
    Test;Revision of Matrix Algebra
    (b) Introduction to Least • Functional and;Stochastic Models;Linear and Non-
    Squares Adjustment Linear ;Variance Covariance VCV matrices; residuals
    and Variance Factor VF;Concept of Weights; Law of
    Propagation of Variances;Least Squares Concepts and
    Principles;Derivation of least squares equations:
    Modelling and linearization, formation and solution of
    normal equations;Combined and Condition
    methods;Curve Fitting Linear regression;Redundant
    Observations;Parametric Method of Least
    Squares;Limitations of the Least Squares Method

    (c) Least Squares Application • 1-Dimensional Network (Levelling); 2-D Network


    (Traverse, EDM Calibration); 3-D Network (GPS);“A
    priori” and “a posteriori” variance factors
    (d) Introduction to General • General Least Squares principle
    Least Squares
    • Application of GLS in Coordinate Transformation

    5. Module components (Learning activities)

    Lectures, tutorials, group work, assignments


    6. Assessment type

    Assessment type Percentage


    Test 1 15
    Mid-Semester Exam 20

    Test 2 15

    3
    Final Exam 50
    Total 100

    7. Required and recommended readings

    • Required readings: Ghilani, C. D. & Wolf, P. (2006). Adjustment Computation –


    Spatial Data Analysis (4th edition). John Wiley & Sons. London.
    Schofield, W. & Breach, M. (2007). Engineering Surveying (6th Edition). Butterworth-
    Heinemann, New Jersey.

    • Recommended readings: Uren, J. & Price, W.F. (2010). Surveying for Engineers (5th
    Edition). MacMillan, London.
    Mikhail, E.M. & Gracie, G. (1981). Analysis and Adjustment of Survey Measurement.
    Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
    Price, W. F. (2010). Surveying for Engineers. Palgrave Macmillan, New Jersey.

    8. Feedback for evaluation

    The University through the Quality Assurance Directorate will administer students’ evaluation
    questionnaire at the end of the module delivery.

    9. Module schedule

    Week Date(s) Topic/Activity Requirements


    Review of Relevant Statistical Concepts
    ▪ Confidence Intervals
    ▪ Statistical Testing: t-test, χ²-test, F- • Lecture Notes
    test • Recommended and
    1 Week 1
    Prescribed texts.
    ▪ Solution of equations by Matrix
    Methods

    4
    Review of Matrix Algebra
    • Definition of Matrix
    • Advantages of Matrix
    • Recommended and
    • Size or Dimension of Matrix
    Prescribed texts.
    • Types of Matrices
    2 Week 2 • Lecture Notes
    • Addition or Subtraction of Matrices
    • Scalar Multiplication of Matrix
    • Matrix Multiplication
    • Solution of Equations by Matrix
    Methods

    Introduction to Least Squares


    Adjustment
    • Adjustment Overview
    • Observations and Measurements

    • Mathematical Models

    • Observations and Parameters

    • Fundamental Principle of Least


    Squares

    • Least Squares solution: Weighted • Lecture Notes


    and Unweighted • Recommended and
    3 Week 3
    Prescribed texts.
    • Non-linear equations and Taylor’s
    Theorem

    • Least Squares Fitting of points to a


    straight line

    • Fitting a Parabola to a set of points

    • Condition Equations

    • Calibration of the EDM Instrument

    • Recommended and
    • Test 1 Prescribed texts
    4 Week 4
    • Lecture Notes

    Concept of Weight in LSE


    • Recommended and
    5 Week 5 • Introduction Prescribed texts
    • Weighted Mean Lecture notes

    5
    • Weight and Standard Deviation
    • Weight and Least Squares Estimation
    • Recommended and
    Mid-Semester Exam
    6 Week 6 Prescribed texts
    • Lecture notes
    Mid Semester Break
    7 Week 7 • Self Study

    Law of Propagation of Variances


    • General Law of Propagation of
    Variances
    • Lecture Notes
    8 Week 8 • Special Law of Propagation of • Recommended &
    Variances Prescribed Texts

    • Standard Error of Computed


    Quantities

    Least Squares Adjustment of Levelling


    Networks
    • Introduction • Lecture Notes
    • Functional relationship for elevation • Recommended &
    9 Week 9
    difference Prescribed Texts
    • Unweighted Example
    • Weighted Case
    • Practice Questions

    Least Squares Adjustment of Horizontal


    Surveys
    • Introduction
    • Linearization of Distance, Azimuth
    and Angle Observation Equations
    Using First-Order Tailor Series • Recommended &
    Week
    10 Approximation Prescribed texts
    10
    • Lecture Notes
    • Trilateration Adjustment
    • Triangulation Adjustments:
    Intersection and Resection
    • Adjustment of Traverses and
    Horizontal Networks (2D)
    • Practice Questions

    6
    11 Week Adjustment of GNSS Networks • Recommended &
    11 Prescribed texts
    Lecture Notes
    Introduction to General Least Squares
    Adjustment
    • Introduction to General Least Squares
    Method • Recommended &
    Week
    12 • General Least Squares Straight Line Fit Prescribed texts
    12
    Problem Lecture Notes
    • Least Squares Application to
    Coordinate Transformation
    • Worked Example
    • Recommended and
    Week Prescribed texts
    13 Test 2
    13 • Lecture Notes

    Week
    14 Revision of all Tests
    14
    • Recommended &
    Week • Study Week
    15 Prescribed texts
    15
    • Lecture Notes
    Week
    Final Exam
    16 16

    10. Contact details for lecturer

    Lecturer's Name Mr. Mphatso Soko


    Office Location MUBAS Chichiri Campus, Block 4, Room No.4
    Telephone 0 888 494 231
    Email [email protected]
    Teaching Venue Room CC07 ( Tuesdays & Wednesday s)
    Website www.mubas.ac.mw
    Other information NA

    11. Details of module website

    NA

    12 Academic honesty and plagiarism

    7
    Attention is drawn to University policy and regulations on honesty in academic work, and to the
    disciplinary guidelines and procedures applicable to breaches of such policy and regulations.
    Academic work submitted for assessment must be the original work of the author(s). If the ideas
    or words of others have been drawn upon, this must be thoroughly and clearly acknowledged using
    agreed scholarly conventions.

    You might also like