Lju CT Lab Manual Dku Final

L.J.
UNIVERSITY
[Civil Engineering Department]
CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY
LAB MANUAL - 017093403
SEMESTER –IV
Name
Div. & Roll No.
Enrollment No.
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 1

INDEX
SR. NO. TITLE PAGE NO. DATE SIGN
Fineness of Cement (By Sieve

1
Test)
2 Standard Consistency of Cement
Initial and Final Setting Time of

3
Cement
4 Compressive Strength of Cement
5 Aggregate Impact Value
6 Aggregate Crushing Value
7 Aggregate Abrasion Value
8 Flakiness Index
9 Elongation Index
Concrete Workability by Slump

10
Test
Concrete Workability by
11
Compacting Factor Test
Concrete Workability by Vee Bee

12
Consistometer
13 Compressive Test of Concrete
Tensile Strength of Concrete (Split

14
Tensile Test)
Tensile Strength of Concrete
15
(Modulus of Rupture)
Compressive Strength of Concrete

16
(NDT – Rebound Hammer Test)

1. FINENESS OF CEMENT (BY SIEVE TEST)
AIM:
To determine the fineness of the given sample of cement by sieving.
REFERENCE: IS: 4031 Part-1 (1996)
APPARATUS:
IS: 90-micron sieve conforming to IS: 460-1965, standard balance, weights, and brush.
THEORY:
The fineness of cement has an important bearing on the rate of hydration and hence
on the rate of gain of strength and also on the rate of evolution of heat. Finer cement offers a
greater surface area for hydration and hence the faster and greater the development of strength.
Increase in fineness of cement is also found to increase the drying shrinkage of concrete.
Fineness of cement is tested either by sieving or by determination of specific surface by air-
permeability apparatus. Specific surface is the total surface area of all the particles in one gram
of cement

PROCEDURE:
• Weigh accurately 100 g of cement and place it on a standard 90 micron IS sieve.

• Break down any air-set lumps in the cement sample with fingers.
.• Continuously sieve the sample giving circular and vertical motion for a period of
15 minutes.
• Weigh the residue left after 15 minutes of sieving.
LIMITS:
As per IS code the percentage residue should not exceed 10%.
RESULTS:
The fineness of a given sample of cement is _ _ _ _ %.
CONCLUSION:
SIGNATURE:
DATE:

2. STANDARD CONSISTENCY OF CEMENT
AIM:
To determine the percentage of water required for preparing cement paste of standard
consistency, used for other tests.
REFERENCE: IS: 4031 (Part 4) 1988
APPARATUS:
Vicat apparatus with plunger, I.S. Sieve No. 9, measuring jar, weighing balance, gauging trowel.

THEORY:
Vicat plunger to penetrate to appoint 5 to 7 mm from the bottom of the vicat mould in this test.
It is expressed as amount of water as a percentage [by weight] of dry cement. Standard
consistency is also called normal consistency. A certain minimum quantity of water is required
to be mixed with cement so as to complete chemical reaction between water and cement less
water than this quantity required wood not complete chemical reaction thus resulting in reaction
strength and more water increases water cement ratio and it reduces the strength. So correct
proportion of w/c is required.
PROCEDURE:
• Initially a cement sample of about 300 g is taken in a tray and is mixed with a known
percentage of water by weight of cement, say starting from 25% and then it is increased by
every 2% until the normal consistency is achieved.
• Prepare a paste of 300 g of Cement with a weighed quantity of potable or distilled water,
taking care that the time of gauging is not less than 3 minutes, nor more than 5 min, and the
gauging shall be completed before any sign of setting occurs. The gauging time shall be
counted from the time of adding water to the dry cement until commencing to fill the mould.
• Fill the Vicat mould with this paste, the mould resting upon a non-porous plate. After
completely filling the mould, smoothen the surface of the paste, making it level with the top
of the mould. The mould may be slightly shaken to expel the air.
• Place the test block in the mould, together with the non-porous resting plate, under the rod
bearing the plunger; lower the plunger gently to touch the surface of the test block, and quickly
release, allowing it to sink into the paste. This operation shall be carried out immediately after
filling the mould.
• Prepare trial pastes with varying percentages of water and test as described above until the
amount of water necessary for making up the standard consistency as defined in Step 1 is
found.

CALCULATION: OBSERVATION TABLE:
Percentage by
Sr Weight of Cement Amount of water Penetration
water of dry
No. (gms) added (ml) (mm)
Cement (%)
1
2
3
4
5
RESULT:
The normal consistency of a given sample of cement is __________%.
CONCLUSION:
SIGNATURE:
DATE:

3. INITIAL AND FINAL SETTING TIME OF CEMENT
AIM:
To determine the initial and final setting times for the given sample of cement.
REFERENCE: IS: 5513 – 1976.
APPARATUS:
Vicat apparatus with mould, I.S. sieve No. 9, Initial and final setting time needles, measuring
jar, weighing balance, etc.
THEORY:
Setting means becoming finer and harder, changing from semi liquid state to plastic state and
form plastic state to solid state. Mortar or concrete when mixed is in semi liquid state. The
chemical action between cement and water starts, and the mixture goes into plastic state.
Initial setting time is that time period between the time water is added to cement and time at
which 1 mm square section needle fails to penetrate the cement paste, placed in the Vicat’s mould
5 mm to 7 mm from the bottom of the mould.
Final setting time is that time period between the time water is added to cement and the time at
which 1 mm needle makes an impression on the paste in the mould but 5 mm attachment does
not make any impression.

PROCEDURE: Preparation of Test Block:
• Prepare a neat cement paste by gauging 300 grams of cement with 0.85 times the water required
to give a paste of standard consistency.
• Potable or distilled water shall be used in preparing the paste.
• The paste shall be gauged in the manner and under the conditions prescribed in determination
of consistency of standard cement paste.
• Start a stop-watch at the instant when water is added to the cement
• Fill the mould with the cement paste gauged as above the mould resting on a nonporous plate.
• Fill the mould completely and smooth off the surface of the paste making it level with the top
of the mould. The cement block thus prepared in the mould is the test block.
DETERMINATION OF INITIAL SETTING TIME:
• Place the test blocks confined in the mould and rest it on the non-porous plate, under the rod
bearing initial setting needle, lower the needle gently in contact with the surface of the test
block and quickly release, allowing it to penetrate into the test block.
• In the beginning, the needle will completely pierce the test block. Repeat this procedure until
the needle, when brought in contact with the test block and released as described above, fails
to pierce the block to a point 5 to 7 mm measured from the bottom of the mould shall be the
initial setting time.

DETERMINATION OF FINAL SETTING TIME:
• Replace the needle of the Vicat apparatus by the needle with an annular attachment.
• The cement shall be considered as finally set when, upon applying the needle gently to the
surface of the test block, the needle makes an impression there on, while the attachment fails
to do so.
• The period elapsed between the time when water is added to the cement and the time at which
the needle makes an impression on the surface of test block while the attachment fails to do so
shall be the final setting time.
OBSERVATION:
1. Weight of given sample of cement is _______ grams.

2. The normal consistency of a given sample of cement is________%.
3. Volume of water added (0.85 times the water required to give a paste of standard consistency)
for preparation of test block ______ml.
RESULT:
Sr No Initial Setting Time Final Setting Time Remarks

1
2
3
CONCLUSION:
SIGNATURE:
DATE:

4. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CEMENT
AIM:
To determine the compressive strength of 1:3 Cement sand mortar.
REFERENCE: IS: 269 – 1976.
APPARATUS:
Universal Testing Machine or Compression Testing Machine, cube moulds, vibrating machine,
crucible for mixing cement and sand measuring cylinder, trowels, non-porous plate and balance.
THEORY:
The compressive strength of cement mortar is determined strength of cement mortar is

determined in order to verify whether the cement conforms to IS specification (IS: 269-1976)
and whether it will be able to develop the required compressive strength of concrete. According
to IS: 269-1976, the ultimate compressive strength of cubes of cement sand mortar of the ratio
1:3, containing (P/4+3.0) percent of water should be as.

PROCEDURE:
• Calculate the material required. The material for each cube shall be mixed separately and the
quantities of cement and standard sand shall be as follows:
Cement = 185 gm.
Standard Sand = 555 gm.
Water = (P/4+3.0) percent = ________ gm.
• The time of mixing (gauging) in any event shall not be less than 3 minutes and if the time taken
to obtain a uniform colour exceeds 4 minutes the mixture shall be rejected and the operation is
repeated with a fresh quantity of cement, sand and water.
• Place the assembled mould on the table of the vibrating machine and firmly hold it in the
vibrating machine and firmly hold it in position by means of suitable clamps. Securely attach the
hopper at the top of the mould to facilitate filling and this hopper shall not be removed until
completion of the vibration period.
• Immediately after mixing the mortar as explained above, fill the entire quantity of mortar in
the hopper of the cube mould and compact by vibration. The period of vibration shall be 2
minutes at the specified speed of 12000+400 cycles per minute.
• Remove the mould from the machine and keep it at a temperature of 27+ 20C in an atmosphere
of at least 90 percent relative humidity for 24 hours after completion of vibrations.
• The cubes are removed from the mould and immediately submerge it in clean and fresh water
and keep there until taken out just prior to breaking. The water is which the cubes are submerged
shall be renewed after every 7 days and be maintained at a temperature of 27+ 20C, keep the
cubes wet till they are placed in machine for testing.
• Test the specimens at the required periods, test three cubes at the periods mentioned below,
the periods being reckoned from the completion of vibration. The compressive strength shall be
the average of the strengths of the three cubes for each period.
• The cubes shall be tested on their sides, the load being applied at the rate of 35 N/mm2/ minute.

RESULT:
Cross- Average
Weight of Compressive
Sr Age of Sectional Compressive
Cement Load (N) strength
No. Cube area strength
Cube (gms) (N/mm2)
(mm2) (N/mm2)
1
2
3
The average 28 Days Compressive Strength of given cement sample is found to be …..…….
CONCLUSION:
SIGNATURE:
DATE:

5. AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE
AIM:
This method of test covers the procedure for determining the aggregate impact value of coarse
aggregate.
APPARATUS:
An impact testing machine of the general form shown in Fig. 2 and complying with the
following:
1. A cylindrical steel cup of internal dimensions: Diameter 102 mm, Depth 50 mm and not less
than 6.3 mm thick
2. A metal hammer weighing 13.5 to 14.0 kg, the lower end of which shall be cylindrical in
shape, 100.0 mm in diameter and 5 cm long, with a 2 mm chamfer at the lower edge, and case-
hardened. The hammer shall slide freely between vertical guides so arranged that the lower
(cylindrical) part of the hammer is above and concentric with the cup.
3. Means for raising the hammer and allowing it to fall freely between the vertical guides from
a height of 380.0 mm on to the test sample in the cup, and means for adjusting the height of fall
within 5 mm.
4. Sieves-The IS Sieves of sizes 12.5, 10 and 2.36 mm, Tamping Rod, balance of capacity not
less than 500 g, Oven etc.

PROCEDURE:
• Sieve the material through 12.5mm and 10.0 mm IS sieves. The aggregates passing through
the 12.5 mm sieve comprise the test material.
• Compact the material by giving 25 gentle blows with the rounded end of the tamping rod in
the measuring cylinder.
• Two more layers are added in a similar manner, to make the cylinder full. Strike off the
surplus aggregates.
• Strike off the surplus aggregates.
• Bring the impact machine to rest without wedging or packing upon the level plate, block, or
floor, so that it is rigid and hammer guide columns are vertical.
• 25 gentle strokes with a tamping rod are used to compact the test sample by fixing the cup
firmly in position on the base of the machine with placing the whole of the test sample in it.
• After that raise the hammer until its lower face is 380mm above the surface of the aggregate
in the cup and allow it to fall freely on the aggregate sample. 15 such blows at an interval of
not less than one second between successive falls are acted on it.
• Remove the crushed aggregate from the cup and sieve it through 2.36mm IS sieves until no
further significant amount passes in one minute. Weight the fraction passing the sieve to an
accuracy of 1 gm (W2). The fraction retained in the sieve is weighed.
• Note down the observations and compute the aggregate impact value.
RESULT:
Sr No Description Sample I Sample II

Total weight of dry sample taken
1
W1 grams
Weight of portion passing 2.36 mm
2
sieve = W2 grams
Aggregate impact value (W2/W1)
3
* 100 %
4 Aggregate Impact Mean Value =

CONCLUSION:
SIGNATURE:
DATE:

6. AGGREGATE CRUSHING VALUE
AIM:
This method of test covers the procedure for determining the aggregate crushing value of
coarse aggregate
APPARATUS:
The apparatus for the standard aggregate crushing test as per IS: 2386-1963 (Part IV) consist of
the following:
1. The test mould-a 15.2 cm diameter open-ended steel cylinder with square base plate; plunger
having a piston of diameter 15 cm, a rod could be inserted for lifting or placing the plunger
in the cylinder with a provided hole across the stem of the plunger.
2. A straight metal tamping rod of circular cross-section 16mm in diameter and 60 cm long,
rounded at one end.
3. A balance of capacity 5 kg, readable and accurate up to 1 gm.
4. IS sieve of sizes 12.5mm, 10mm, 2.36mm.
5. A compression testing machine capable of applying load up to 40 tonnes at a uniform rate of
4 tonnes per minute.
6. A cylinder measure having an internal diameter of 11.5 cm and height of 18 cm.

PROCEDURE:
The aggregate sample: The material for the standard test consists of aggregates sized 10.0 mm
to 12.5 mm. The aggregates must be in a surface dry condition before testing. The aggregates
may be dried by heating at 100ºC – 110ºC for not more than 4 hours and cooled to room
temperature before testing, if necessary
• Sieve the material through 12.5 mm and 10 mm IS sieves. The aggregates passing through
a 12.5 mm sieve and retained on a 10.0 mm sieve comprise the test material
• Take about 3 kg of this material.
• The material is compacted by giving 25 gentle blows with the rounded end of the tamping
rod. Two more layers are added in a similar manner, such that the cylinder is full.
• Remove the excess material with a straight edge. Now, this amount of quantity contained
in the measuring cylinder is the amount of aggregates that will be used to prepare the test
specimen.
• Empty the cylinder and weight the aggregates, accurate up to 1 gm.
• Transfer the whole of this weighted quantity to the test mould by filling it in three layers
in the same manner as for cylindrical measure. The total depth of the sample is then about
10 cms and the surface a little below the top of mould.
• The surface is leveled and place the plunger over it so that it rests horizontally on the
surface of the aggregates.
• Then place this assembly on the pedestal of the compression testing machine
• The load is applied OF 40 tonnes at a uniform rate of 4 tonnes/min. Release the load.
• Take the aggregate out of the cylinder and sieve them through a 2.36 mm IS sieve. Weight
this fraction passing through it to an accuracy of 0.1 gm. This fraction is a quantity of the
loss of material due to crushing.

RESULT:

1
W1 grams
2
sieve = W2 grams
Aggregate crushing value
3
(W2/W1) * 100 %
4 Aggregate Crushing Mean Value =
CONCLUSION:
SIGNATURE:
DATE:

7. AGGREGATE ABRASION VALUE
AIM:
This method of test methods of determining the abrasion value of coarse aggregate By the use
of Los Angeles machine.
REFERENCE: IS: 2386 (Part IV) – 1963, IS: 383-1970
APPARATUS:
• Los Angeles Machine: It consists of a hollow steel cylinder, closed at both the ends with an
internal diameter of 700 mm and length 500 mm and capable of rotating about its horizontal
axis.
• Cast iron or steel balls, approximately 48 mm in diameter and each weighing between 390
to 445 g; 6 to 12 balls are required.
• IS sieve.
• Balance.

PROCEDURE:
• The test sample shall consist of clean aggregate which has been dried in an oven at
105 to 110°C to substantially constant weight and shall conform to one of the grading
shown in Table 3.22. The grading or grading used shall be those most nearly representing
the aggregate furnished for the work.
• The test sample and the abrasive charge shall be placed in the Los Angeles abrasion
testing machine and the machine rotated at a speed of 20 to 33 rev/min. For grading A,
B, C and D, the machine shall be rotated for 500 revolutions; for grading E, F and G, it
shall be rotated for 1 000 revolutions.
• The machine shall be so driven and so counter-balanced as to maintain a
substantially uniform peripheral speed. If an angle is used as the shelf, the machine shall
be rotated in such a direction that the charge is caught on the outside surface of the angle.
• At the completion of the test, the material shall be discharged from the machine and
a preliminary separation of the sample made on a sieve coarser than the l.70 mm IS Sieve.
• The material coarser than the 1.70 mm IS Sieve shall be washed dried in an oven at
105 to 110°C to a substantially constant weight, and accurately weighed to the nearest
gram

CALCULATION: OBSERVATION TABLE

1
W1 grams
2
sieve = W2 grams
Aggregate abrasion value (W2/W1)
3
* 100 %
4 Aggregate Abrasion Mean Value
RESULT:
The aggregate Abrasion Value of given sample of coarse aggregate is ................. %

CONCLUSION:
SIGNATURE:
DATE:

8. FLAKINESS INDEX
AIM:
To determining the flakiness index of the coarse aggregate.
REFERENCE: IS: 2386 (Part I) – 1963 Method of test for aggregates for concrete
• IS: 383-1970 specification for coarse and fine aggregate from natural source for
concrete.
APPARATUS:
• Metal gauge
• Weighing Balance
• Gauging Trowel
• Sieves.
THEORY:
The flakiness index of an aggregate is the percentage by weight of particles in it whose least
dimension (thickness) is less than three-fifths of their mean dimension. Particle shape and surface
texture influence the properties of freshly mixed concrete more than the properties of hardened
concrete. Rough-textured, angular, and elongated particles require more water to produce
workable concrete than smooth, rounded compact aggregate. Consequently, the cement content
must also be increased to maintain the water-cement ratio. Generally, flat and elongated particles
are avoided or are limited to about 15 % by weight of the total aggregate.

PROCEDURE:
• A quantity of aggregate shall be taken sufficient to provide the minimum number of

200 pieces of any fraction to be tested. 2. The sample shall be sieved with sieves
specified in Table. 3. Then each fraction shall be gauged in turn for thickness on a
metal gauge of the pattern shown in Fig or in bulk on sieves having elongated slots.
The width of the slot used in the gauge or sieve shall be of the dimensions specified
in column 3 of Table for the appropriate size of material.
• The total amount passing the gauge shall be weighed to an accuracy of at least 0.1
percent of the weight of the test sample.
CALCULATION: OBSERVATION TABLE
Size of Aggregate (mm) Weight of flaky

Passing through IS sieve Retained on IS sieve particles (gms)
63 50
50 40
40 31.5
31.5 25
25 20
20 16
16 12.5
12.5 10
10 6.3
TOTAL

Flakiness Index = [Weight of the material passing through various
thickness gauge/Total weight of sample taken] *100
RESULT:
Flaky Particles = _______%
CONCLUSION:
SIGNATURE:
DATE:

9.
AIM:
To determining the elongation index of the coarse aggregate.
.
REFERENCE: IS: 2386 (Part I) – 1963 Method of test for aggregates for concrete
• IS: 383-1970 specification for coarse and fine aggregate from natural source for
Concrete
APPARATUS:
• Metal gauge
• Weighing Balance
• Gauging Trowel
• Sieves.
THEORY:
The elongation index of an aggregate is the percentage by weight of particles in it whose

greatest dimension (thickness) is greater than one and four-fifths of their mean dimension.
The test is not applicable to sizes smaller than 6.3mm.

PROCEDURE:
• A quantity of aggregate shall be taken sufficient to provide the minimum number of

200 pieces of any fraction to be tested.
• The sample shall be sieved with sieves specified in Table. 3.
• Each fraction shall be gauged in turn for length on a metal gauge of the pattern shown
in Fig. The gauge length used shall be of the dimensions specified in column 4 of
Table for the appropriate size of material.
• The total amount of aggregate retained by the length gauge shall be weighed to an
accuracy of at least 0.1 percent of the weight of the test sample.
CALCULATION:
Size of Aggregate (mm) Weight of flaky

Passing through IS sieve Retained on IS sieve particles (gms)
63 50
50 40
40 31.5
31.5 25
25 20
20 16
16 12.5
12.5 10
10 6.3
TOTAL
Elongation Index = [Weight of the material retained through various

length gauge/Total weight of sample taken] *100
RESULT:
Elongated Particles = _______%

CONCLUSION:
SIGNATURE:
DATE:

10. CONCRETE WORKABILITY BY SLUMP TEST
AIM:
To determine the workability or consistency of concrete mix of given proportion by
slump test.
.
REFERENCE: IS: 456-2000, code for plain and reinforced concrete

• IS: 1199-1959 methods of sampling and analysis of concrete
APPARATUS:
• Pan to mix concrete
• Weighing balance
• Trowel
• Cone
• Steel scale
• Tamping rod
• Mixing tray
THEORY:
This is the test extensively used in site work all over the world. Fresh unsupported concrete
will flow to the sides and the vertical sinking of concrete is known as slump. The slump cone
is a hollow frustum made of thin steel sheet with internal dimensions, as the top diameter 10
cms. The bottom diameter 20 cms, and height 30cms.

PROCEDURE:
• Mix the dry constituents thoroughly to get a uniform colour and then add water.
• The internal surface of the mould is to be thoroughly cleaned and placed on a smooth,
horizontal and non-absorbent surface.
• Place the mixed concrete in the cleaned slump cone in 4 layers each approximately 1/4 in
height of the mould. Tamp each layer 25 times with tamping rod. Using the tampering rod
or a trowel strike of the excess concrete above the concrete cone. Measure the vertical height
of cone (h1). Slowly and carefully remove in the vertical direction. As soon as the cone is
removed the concrete settles in vertical direction. Place the steel scale above top of settled
concrete in horizontal position and measure the height of cone(h2).

• Complete the experiment in two minutes after sampling.
• The difference of two heights (h1-h2) gives the value of slump.
OBSERVATION:
1. The vertical difference between top of the mold and the displaces original center of
the top surface of the specimen ..... mm
2. The pattern of slump is shown True Slump/Shear Slump/ Collapse Slump.
RESULT:
The slump of concrete_________mm indicate Low/ Medium/ High Degree of

workability.
CONCLUSION:
SIGNATURE:
DATE:

CONCRETE WORKABILITY BY COMPACTING
11. FACTOR TEST
AIM:
To determine the relative consistency of freshly mixed concrete by the use of Compacting Factor
Test.
REFERENCE: IS: 1199-1959
APPARATUS:
• Compacting Factor Apparatus

• Balance capable of weighing up to 25 kg with the sensibility of 10g
• Trowel
• Tamper (16 mm in diameter and 600 mm length)
• Tools and containers for mixing
THEORY:
Compacting Factor Test: The compacting factor test is designed primarily for use in the
laboratory but it can also be used in the field. It is more precise and sensitive than the slump
test and is particularly useful for concrete mixes of very low workability as are normally used
when concrete is to be compacted by vibration. The method applies to plain and air-entrained
concrete, made with lightweight, normal weight or heavy aggregates having a nominal
maximum size of 40 mm or less but not to aerated concrete or no-fines concrete.

PROCEDURE:
• The internal surface of the hoppers and cylinder shall be thoroughly clean and free from
superfluous moisture and any set of concrete commencing the test.
• The sample of concrete to be tested shall be placed gently in the upper hopper using the
scoop. The trap door shall be opened immediately after filling or approximately 6 min after
water is added so that the concrete fails into the lower hopper. During this process the
cylinder shall be covered.
• Immediately after the concrete has come to the rest the cylinder shall be uncovered, the trap
door of the lower hopper opened and the concrete allowed falling to into the cylinder.
• For some mixes have a tendency to stick in one or both of the hoppers. If this occurs the
concrete
• shall be helped through by pushing the tamping rod gently into the concrete from the top.
• The excess of concrete remaining above the level of the top of the cylinder shall then be cut
off by holding a trowel in each hand, with the plane of the blades horizontal, and moving
them

• simultaneously one from each side across the top of the cylinder, at the same time keeping
them
• Complete the experiment in two minutes after sampling.
• The difference of two heights (h1-h2) gives the value of slump pressed on the top edge of the
cylinder. The outside of the cylinder shall then be wiped clean. This entire process shall be
carried out at a place free from vibration or shock.
• Determine the weight of concrete to the nearest 10 g. This is known as "weight of partially
• compacted concrete", Wp.
• Refill the cylinder with concrete from the same sample in layers approximately 50 mm depth.
The layers being heavily rammed with the compacting rod or vibrated to obtain full
compaction. The top surface of the fully compacted concrete shall be carefully struck off and
finished level with the top of the cylinder. Clean up the outside of the cylinder.
• Determine the weight of concrete to the nearest 10 g. This is known as "weight of fully
compacted concrete", Wf.
• The compacting factor, Fc can be calculated as follows:
Compacting Factor = [Weight of partially compacted concrete /

Weight of fully compacted concrete]
OBSERVATION:
The compacting factor is defined as the ratio of the weight of partially compacted concrete to
the weight of fully compacted concrete. It shall normally be stated to the nearest second decimal
place.

Sr No. Description Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3
1 Weight of Empty Cylinder (W1)

Weight of Cylinder + Free Fall Concrete
2
(W2)
Weight of Cylinder + Hand Compacted
3
Concrete (W3)
Weight of Partially Compacted Concrete
4
(Wp=W2-W1)
Weight of Fully Compacted Concrete
5
(Wf=W3-W1)
6 The Compacting Factor =Wp/Wf
RESULT:
Average compaction factor for concrete is _______________ indicate Low/ Medium/ High
Degree of workability.
CONCLUSION:
SIGNATURE:
DATE:

CONCRETE WORKABILITY BY VEE BEE
12. CONSISTOMETER
AIM:
To determine the relative consistency of freshly mixed concrete by the use of Vee Bee
Consistometer.
REFERENCE: IS: 1199-1959
APPARATUS:
• A vibrator table resting upon elastic supports

• A metal pot
• Trowel
• A sheet metal cone, open at both ends
• A standard iron rod, Tamper (20 mm in diameter and 500 mm length)
THEORY:
The test measures the relative effort required to change a mass of concrete from one definite
shape to another (i.e., from conical to cylindrical) by means of vibration. The amount of effort
(called remoulding effort) is taken as the time in seconds, required to complete the change. The
results of this test are of value when studying the mobility of the masses of concrete made with
varying amounts of water, cement and with various types of grading of aggregate. The time
required for complete remoulding in seconds is considered as a measure of workability and is
expressed as the number of Vee-Bee seconds. The method is suitable for dry concrete. For
concrete of slump in excess of 50mm, the remoulding is so quick that the time cannot measured.

PROCEDURE:
• Slump test as described in "IS 1199:1959”. is performed, placing the slump cone inside the
sheet metal cylindrical pot of the consistometer.
• The glass disc attached to the swivel arm shall be moved and placed just on the top of the
slump cone in the pot and before the cone is lifted up, the position of the concrete cone shall
be noted by adjusting the glass disc attached to the swivel arm. The cone shall then be lifted
up and the slump noted on the graduated rod by lowering the glass disc on top of the concrete
cone. The electrical vibrator shall then be switched on and the concrete shall be allowed to
spread out in the pot.
• The vibration is continued till such a time as the conical shape of the concrete disappears
and the concrete assumes a cylindrical shape. This can be judged by observing the glass disc
from the top for disappearance of transparency.
• Immediately when the concrete fully assumes a cylindrical shape, the stop watch is switched
off. The time required for the shape of concrete to change from slump cone shape to
cylindrical shape in seconds is known as Vee Bee Degree.

• This method is very suitable for very dry concrete whose slump value cannot be measured
by Slump Test, but the vibration is too vigorous for concrete with a slump greater than about
50 mm.
OBSERVATION:
The time required for the shape of concrete to change from slump cone shape to cylindrical shape
in seconds is known as Vee Bee Degree.
RESULT:
The Vee Bee Degree of concrete ......... second(s) indicate Low/ Medium/ High Degree of
workability.
CONCLUSION:
SIGNATURE:
DATE:

13. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE
AIM:
The test method covers determination of compressive strength of cubic concrete specimens. It
consists of applying a compressive axial load to molded cubes at a rate which is within a
prescribed range until failure occurs.
REFERENCE: IS: 516 - 1959, IS: 1199-1959, SP : 23-1982, IS : 10086-1982
APPARATUS:
Testing Machine - The testing machine may be of any reliable type, of sufficient capacity for the
tests and capable of applying the load at the rate specified in 5.5. The permissible error shall be
not greater than ± 2 percent of the maximum load. Cube Moulds - The mould shall be of 150
mm size conforming to IS: 10086-1982.

PROCEDURE:
• Sampling of Materials - Samples of aggregates for each batch of concrete shall be of the
desired grading and shall be in an air-dried condition. The cement samples, on arrival at the
laboratory, shall be thoroughly mixed dry either by hand or in a suitable mixer in such a
manner as to ensure the greatest possible blending and uniformity in the material.
• Proportioning - The proportions of the materials, including water, in concrete mixes used for
determining the suitability of the materials available, shall be similar in all respects to those
to be employed in the work.
• Weighing - The quantities of cement, each size of aggregate, and water for each batch shall
be determined by weight, to an accuracy of 0.1 percent of the total weight of the batch.
• Mixing Concrete - The concrete shall be mixed by hand, or preferably, in a laboratory batch
mixer, in such a manner as to avoid loss of water or other materials. Each batch: of concrete
shall be of such a size as to leave about 10 percent excess after moulding the desired number
of test specimens.
• Mould - Test specimens cubical in shape shall be 15 × 15 × 15 cm. If the largest nominal
size of the aggregate does not exceed 2 cm, 10 cm cubes may be used as an alternative.
Cylindrical test specimens shall have a length equal to twice the diameter.
• Compacting - The test specimens shall be made as soon as practicable after mixing, and in
such a way as to produce full compaction of the concrete with neither segregation nor
excessive laitance.
• Curing - The test specimens shall be stored in a place, free from vibration, in moist air of at
least 90 percent relative humidity and at a temperature of 27° ± 2°C for 24 hours ± ½ hour
from the time of addition of water to the dry ingredients.
• Placing the Specimen in the Testing Machine - The bearing surfaces of the testing machine
shall be wiped clean and any loose sand or other material removed from the surfaces of the
specimen which are to be in contact with the compression platens.
• In the case of cubes, the specimen shall be placed in the machine in such a manner that the
load shall be applied to opposite sides of the cubes as cast, that is, not to the top and bottom.
• The axis of the specimen shall be carefully aligned with the centre of thrust of the spherically
seated platen. No packing shall be used between the faces of the test specimen and the steel

platen of the testing machine.
• The load shall be applied without shock and increased continuously at a rate of approximately
140 kg/sq cm/min until the resistance of the specimen to the increasing load breaks down
and no greater load can be sustained.
• The maximum load applied to the specimen shall then be recorded and the appearance of the
concrete and any unusual features in the type of failure shall be noted.
OBSERVATION:
Cross-
Weight of Compressive Average
Sectional
Sr. Cement Cube strength Compressive
Age of Cube area Load (N)
No. (gms) (N/mm2) strength
(mm2)
1
7 Days
2
1
14 Days
2
1
28 Days
2
RESULT:
i) The average 7 Days Compressive Strength of concrete sample is found to be …..…..
ii) The average 14 Days Compressive Strength of concrete sample is found to be …..…..
iii) The average 28 Days Compressive Strength of concrete sample is found to be …..…..

CONCLUSION:
SIGNATURE:
DATE:

TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE (SPLIT
14. TENSILE TEST)
AIM:
This method cover the determination of the splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete
specimens.
REFERENCE: IS: 516 - 1959, IS: 1199-1959, SP : 23-1982, IS : 10086-1982
APPARATUS:
Testing Machine - The testing machine may be of any reliable type, of sufficient capacityfor the
not greater than ± 2 percent of the maximum load.
Cylinders -The cylindrical mould shall be of 150 mm diameter and 300 mm height conforming
to IS: 10086-1982.
Weights and weighing device, Tools and containers for mixing, Tamper (square in cross section)
etc.

PROCEDURE:
mixer, in such a manner as to avoid loss of water or other materials. Each batch: of concrete
of test specimens.
• Cylindrical test specimens shall have a length equal to twice the diameter.
excessive laitance.
• Placing the Specimen in the Testing Machine - The bearing surfaces of the testing machine
shall be wiped clean and any loose sand or other material removed from the surfaces of the
specimen which are to be in contact with the compression platens.
• Two bearings strips of nominal (1/8 in i.e 3.175mm) thick plywood, free of imperfections,
approximately (25mm) wide, and of length equal to or slightly longer than that of the
specimen should be provided for each specimen.
• The bearing strips are placed between the specimen and both upper and lower bearing blocks
of the testing machine or between the specimen and the supplemental bars or plates.
• Draw diametric lines an each end of the specimen using a suitable device that will ensure

that they are in the same axial plane. Center one of the plywood strips along the center of the
lower bearing block.
• Place the specimen on the plywood strip and align so that the lines marked on the ends of the
specimen are vertical and centered over the plywood strip.
• Place a second plywood strip lengthwise on the cylinder, centered on the lines marked on the
ends of the cylinder. Apply the load continuously and without shock, at a constant rate within,
the range of 689 to 1380 kPa/min splitting tensile stress until failure of the specimen
• Record the maximum applied load indicated by the testing machine at failure. Note the type
of failure and appearance of fracture.
OBSERVATION:
Dia of
Maximum Tensile
Sr. Specimen Depth (mm) Average
Age of Cube Load (N) Strength
No. (mm)
1
2 28 Days
3
RESULT:
Calculate the splitting tensile strength of the specimen as follows:
T = 2P / ПLd
Where,
T = splitting tensile strength, kn
P = maximum applied load indicated by testing machine, kN
L = Length, m
D = diameter
The average 28 Days Tensile Strength of concrete sample is found to be …...……...

CONCLUSION:
SIGNATURE:
DATE:

TENSILE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE (MODULUS
15. OF RUPTURE)
AIM:
This clause deals with the procedure for determining the flexural strength of moulded concrete
flexure test specimens.
REFERENCE: IS : 516 - 1959, IS: 1199-1959, SP : 23-1982, IS : 10086-1982
APPARATUS:
Testing Machine - The testing machine may be of any reliable type, of sufficient capacity for the
not greater than ± 2 percent of the maximum load.
Beam Moulds - The beam moulds shall conform to IS: 10086-1982. The standard size shall be
15 × 15 × 70 cm. Alternatively, if the largest nominal size of the aggregate does not exceed 19
mm, specimens 10 × 10 × 50 cm may be used.
Weights and weighing device, Tools and containers for mixing, Tamper (square in cross section)
etc
PROCEDURE:

mixer, in such a manner as to avoid loss of water or other materials. Each batch of concrete
of test specimens.
• Mould - The standard size shall be 15 × 15 × 70 cm. Alternatively, if the largest nominal size
of the aggregate does not exceed 19 mm, specimens 10 × 10 × 50 cm may be used.
excessive laitance.
• Placing the Specimen in the Testing Machine - The bearing surfaces of the supporting and
loading rollers shall be wiped clean, and any loose sand or other material removed from the
surfaces of the specimen where they are to make contact with the rollers.
• The specimen shall then be placed in the machine in such a manner that the load shall be
applied to the uppermost surface as cast in the mould, along two lines spaced 20.0 or 13.3 cm
apart.
• The axis of the specimen shall be carefully aligned with the axis of the loading device. No
packing shall be used between the bearing surfaces of the specimen and the rollers.
• The load shall be applied without shock and increasing continuously at a rate such that the
extreme fibre stress increases at approximately 7 kg/sq cm/min, that is, at a rate of loading
of 400 kg/min for the 15.0 cm specimens and at a rate of 180 kg/min for the 10.0 cm
specimens.
• The load shall be increased until the specimen fails, and the maximum load applied to the
specimen during the test shall be recorded. The appearance of the fractured faces of concrete
and any unusual features in the type of failure shall be noted.

CALCULATION:
The flexural strength of the specimen shall be expressed as the modulus of rupture fb, which, if
a equals the distance between the line of fracture and the nearer support, measured on the centre
line of the tensile side of the specimen, in cm, shall be calculated to the nearest 0.5 kg/sq cm as
follows:
Fb = (P x l) / (a x d2)
when a is greater than 20.0 cm for 15.0 cm specimen, or greater than 13.3 cm for a 10.0
cm specimen, or
Fb = (3P x a) / (b x d2)
when a is less than 20.0 cm but greater than 17.0 cm for 15.0 cm specimen, or less than
13.3 cm but greater than 11.0 cm for a 10.0 cm specimen.
where,
b = measured width in cm of the specimen,
d = measured depth in cm of the specimen at the point of failure
l = length in cm of the span on which the specimen was supported, p = maximum load in
kn applied to the specimen.
RESULT:
The average 28 Days Modulus of Rupture of concrete sample is found to be …..…..
CONCLUSION:
SIGNATURE:
DATE:

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE (NDT –
16. REBOUND HAMMER TEST)
AIM:
The rebound hammer method could be used for: assessing the likely compressive strength of
concrete with the help of suitable correlations between rebound index and compressive strength.
REFERENCE: IS-13311 (Part 2):1992 (Reaffirmed- May 2013) “Non Destructive Testing
of Concrete-Methods of Test (Rebound hammer)”
APPARATUS:
It consists of a spring-controlled mass that slides on a plunger within a tubular housing. The
impact energy required for rebound hammers for different applications is given in Table 1.
PROCEDURE:
• For testing, smooth, clean and dry surface is to be selected. If loosely adhering scale is
present, this should be rubbed of with a grinding wheel or stone. Rough surfaces resulting
from incomplete compaction, loss of grout, spalled or tooled surfaces do not give reliable
results and should be avoided.
• The point of impact should be at least 20 mm away from any edge or shape discontinuity.
For taking a measurement, the rebound hammer should be held at right angles to the surface
of the concrete member. The test can thus be conducted horizontally on vertical surfaces or
vertically upwards or downwards on horizontal surfaces. If the situation demands, the
rebound hammer can be held at intermediate angles also, but in each case, the rebound
number will be different for the same concrete.
• Rebound hammer test is conducted around all the points of observation on all accessible
faces of the structural element. Concrete surfaces are thoroughly cleaned before taking any
measurement.
• Around each point of observation, six readings of rebound indices are taken and average of

these readings after deleting outliers as per IS:8900-1978 becomes the rebound index for
the point of observation.
• The rebound reading on the indicator scale has been calibrated by the manufacturer of the
rebound hammer for horizontal impact, that is, on a vertical surface, to indicate the
compressive strength. When used in any other position, appropriate correction as given by
the manufacturer is to be taken into account.
RESULT:
The average compressive strength of concrete sample is found to be …..…..
CONCLUSION:
SIGNATURE:
DATE:

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L.J.

Div. & Roll No.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 1

Fineness of Cement (By Sieve

2 Standard Consistency of Cement

Initial and Final Setting Time of

4 Compressive Strength of Cement

5 Aggregate Impact Value

6 Aggregate Crushing Value

7 Aggregate Abrasion Value

Concrete Workability by Slump

Concrete Workability by Vee Bee

13 Compressive Test of Concrete

Tensile Strength of Concrete (Split

Compressive Strength of Concrete

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 2

REFERENCE: IS: 4031 Part-1 (1996)

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 3

• Weigh accurately 100 g of cement and place it on a standard 90 micron IS sieve.

As per IS code the percentage residue should not exceed 10%.

The fineness of a given sample of cement is _ _ _ _ %.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 4

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 5

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 6

The normal consistency of a given sample of cement is __________%.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 7

REFERENCE: IS: 5513 – 1976.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 8

DETERMINATION OF INITIAL SETTING TIME:

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 9

1. Weight of given sample of cement is _______ grams.

Sr No Initial Setting Time Final Setting Time Remarks

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 10

REFERENCE: IS: 269 – 1976.

The compressive strength of cement mortar is determined strength of cement mortar is

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 11

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 12

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 13

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 14

Sr No Description Sample I Sample II

4 Aggregate Impact Mean Value =

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 15

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 16

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 17

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 18

Sr No Description Sample I Sample II

4 Aggregate Crushing Mean Value =

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 19

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 20

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 21

Sr No Description Sample I Sample II

4 Aggregate Abrasion Mean Value

The aggregate Abrasion Value of given sample of coarse aggregate is ................. %

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 22

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 23

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Page 24

• A quantity of aggregate shall be taken sufficient to provide the minimum number of

CALCULATION: OBSERVATION TABLE

Size of Aggregate (mm) Weight of flaky