Question Bank in Hindi Class X (Term-II) Course A

2 jke&y{e.k&ij'kqjke laokn
rqylhnkl

dkO;ka'kksa dk lkj lks fcyxkm fcgkb lektkA

u r ekjs tSgfga lc jktkAA
f'ko/uq"k VwVus osQ lkFk lhrk Lo;aoj dh [kcj feyus ij lqfu eqfucpu y[ku eqlqdkusA
ij'kqjke tudiqjh esa Lo;aoj LFkku ij vk tkrs gSaA gkFk esa iQjlk fy, cksys ijlq/jfg voekusAA
Øksf/r gks /uq"k rksM+us okys dks lkeus vkus] lgÏckgq dh rjg nafMr cgq /uqgh rksjh yfjdkb±A
gksus vkSj u vkus ij ogk¡ mifLFkr lHkh jktkvksa dks ekjs tkus dh / dcgq¡ u vfl fjl dhfUg xkslkb±AA
edh nsrs gSaA muosQ Øks/ dks 'kkar djus osQ fy, jke vkxs c<+dj ;sfg /uq ij eerk osQfg gsrAw
dgrs gSa fd /uq"k&Hkax djus dk cM+k dke mudk dksbZ nkl gh dj lqfu fjlkb dg Hk`xqoqQyosQrwAA
ldrk gSA ij'kqjke bl ij vkSj Øksf/r gksrs gSa fd nkl gksdj Hkh

AN
mlus f'ko/uq"k dks D;ksa rksM+kA ;g rks nkl osQ mi;qDr dke ugha gSA js u`ickyd dkycl cksyr rksfg u l¡HkkjA
y{e.k ij'kqjke dks ;g dgdj vkSj Øksf/r dj nsrs gSa fd cpiu /uqgh le f=kiqjkfj/uq fcfnr ldy lalkjAA

H
AS
esa f'koèkuq"k tSls NksVs fdrus gh èkuq"kksa dks mUgksaus rksM+k] rc os euk 'kCnkFkZ % la H kq / uq ¾ 'ka H kq (f'ko th) dk /uq " k]
djus D;ksa ugha vk, vkSj vc tc iqjkuk vkSj de”kksj /uq"k Jhjke osQ Hkatfugkjk ¾ rksM+us okyk] gksbfg ¾ gksxk] osQm ¾ dksbZ]

AK
gkFkksa esa vkrs gh VwV x;k rks D;ksa Øksfèkr gks jgs gSaA ij'kqjke tc vk;slq ¾ vkKk] eksfg ¾ eq>s] fjlkb ¾ Øks/ djuk]
viuh rkdr ls /jrh dks dbZ ckj {kf=k;ksa ls ghu djosQ czkg~e.kksa dks lsooqQ ¾ lsod] lks ¾ ogh] vfjdjuh ¾ 'k=kqrk] 'k=kq osQ dk;Z]
PR
nku nsus vkSj xHkZLFk f'k'kqvksa rd osQ uk'k djus dh ckr crkrs gSa rks yjkbZ ¾ yM+kbZ] lq ugq ¾ lqu yks] tsf g ¾ ftlus]
y{e.k mu ij 'kwjohjksa ls ikyk u iM+s tkus dk O;aX; djrs gSaA os rksjk ¾ rksM+k] fjiq ¾ 'k=kq] eksjk ¾ esjk] fcyxkm ¾ vyx gks
S

vius oqQy dh ijaijk esa L=kh] xk; vkSj czkg~e.k ij okj u djosQ tk,] fcgkb ¾ NksM+dj] lektk ¾ lekt] tu&lewg]
ER

vidhfrZ ls cpus dh ckr djrs gSa rks nwljh rj-iQ Lo;a dks igkM+ u r ¾ ugha rks] tSgfga ¾ mlosQ dkj.k] y[ku ¾ y{e.k]
vkSj ij'kqjke dks ,d iw¡Qd fln~/ djrs gSaA ½f"k fo'okfe=k ij'kqjke ijlq/jfg ¾ jl dh /kj osQ leku O;aX; opuksa ls]
TH

osQ Øks/ dks 'kkar djus osQ fy, y{e.k dks ckyd le>dj ek-iQ voekus ¾ vieku djuk] yfjdkb± ¾ yM+diu esa] cpiu esa]
O

djus dk vkxzg djrs gSaA os le>krs gSa fd jke vkSj y{e.k dh 'kfDr vfl ¾ bl izdkj dk] fjl ¾ Øks/] dhfUg ¾ fd;k]
R

dk ij'kqjke dks vank”kk ugha gSA ;sfg ¾ blh] osQfg ¾ fdlfy,] gsrw ¾ dkj.k] gsrq] Hk`xqoqQy&
B

var esa y{e.k osQ n~okjk dgh xbZ xq#½.k mrkjus dh ckr osQrw ¾ Hk`xqoQq y dh èotk osQ leku] dkycl ¾ dky osQ o'k
esa] u`ickyd ¾ jktoqQekj] jktiq=k] friqjkfj/uq ¾ 'kadj th
L

lqudj os vR;ar Øqn~/ gksdj iQjlk l¡Hkky ysrs gSaA rc lkjh lHkk
YA

esa gkgkdkj ep tkrk gS vkSj rc Jhjke viuh e/qj ok.kh ls ij'kqjke dk /uq"k] fcfnr ¾ tkurk gS] ldy ¾ leLr] lai.w kZA
dh Øks/ :ih vfXu dks 'kkar djus dk iz;kl djrs gSaA
O

O;k[;k % Lo;aoj lHkk esa mifLFkr gksdj tc ij'kqjke ;g tkuuk

G

dkO;ka'kksa dh O;k[;k pkgrs gSa fd f'ko/uq"k dks fdlus rksM+k gS rks Jhjke fou;iwod Z vius
LokHkkfod dksey opuksa ls mUgsa 'kkar djus dh ps"Vk djrs gSaA Jhjke
(û) dgrs gSa fd gs ukFk! vkiosQ fdlh nkl osQ vykok Hkyk vkSj dkSu gks
ukFk laHkq/uq HkatfugkjkA ldrk gS tks f'koth osQ /uq"k dks rksM+ ldrk gS\ bl izdkj os vius
gksbfg osQm ,d nkl rqEgkjkAA vki dks mudk lsod dgrs gSa] fdarq mudk Øks/ fiQj Hkh 'kkar ugha
vk;slq dkg dfgv fdu eksghA gksrkA rks mUgsa [kq'k djus osQ fy, Jhjke iqu% dgrs gSa fd ;fn vkKk
lqfu fjlkb cksys eqfu dksghAA gks rks vki tks oqQN dguk pkgrs gSa] eq>ls dgsaA bl ij ij'kqjke vR;ar
lsooqQ lks tks djS lsodkbZA Øksf/r gksdj cksys& ^lsod rks ogh gksrk gS tks lsok dk dksbZ dk;Z djs]
vfjdjuh dfj dfjv yjkbZAA fdarq tks lsod 'k=kq leku dk;Z djrk gS] mlosQ lkFk rks yM+kbZ djuh
lqugq jke tsfg flo/uq rksjkA iM+sxhA lqu yks jke! ftlus Hkh f'ko/uq"k rksM+k gS] lglzckgq osQ leku
lglckgq le lks fjiq eksjkA gh esjk 'k=kq gSA og rqjar lekt (lHkk) ls vyx ckgj gks tk, vU;Fkk

1 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN

;gk¡ mifLFkr lHkh jktk ekjs tk,¡xsA* ij'kqjke osQ bu Øks/iw.kZ opuksa dks 'kCnkFkZ % gfl ¾ g¡ l dj] Nfr ¾ {kfr] uq dlku]
lqudj y{e.k eqLkoQjkus yxsA vc y{e.k us O;aX;iwoZd dgk] ^gs ykHkq ¾ ykHk] iQk;nk] twu ¾ th.kZ] iqjkuk] Hkksjsa ¾ /ks[ks ls]
xkslkb±! cpiu esa [ksy&[ksy esa u tkus fdruh /uqfg;k¡ rksM+ Mkyha] rc Nqvr ¾ Nwrs gh] nkslw ¾ nks"k] jkslw ¾ jks"k] Øks/]
rks vkidks xqLlk ugha vk;k] ij vc ,slh dkSu&lh [kkl ckr gks xbZ dksgh ¾ Øks/h] æksgh ¾ æksg djus okyk] fciqy ¾ vusd]
ftlosQ dkj.k vki brus Øksf/r gks jgs gSa\ vkf[kj bl èkuq"k dh D;k efgnsoUg ¾ czkg~e.kksa dks] fcyksoqQ ¾ ns[kdj] nyu ¾ uk'k
fo'ks"krk gS ftlosQ dkj.k vkidks blls bruk izse vkSj yxko gS\* djuk] ijlq ¾ iQjlk] dkt ¾ dkj.k] gsr]q c/kSa ¾ o/ djuk]
y{e.k osQ O;aX;iw.kZ opuksa dks lqudj Hk`xqoa'k dh èotk Lo:i ekj Mkyuk] fcLofcfnr ¾ leLr fo'o dks fofnr (Kkr) gS]
ij'kqjke vR;ar Øksf/r gksdj cksys& ^vjs jktoqQekj! rw dky osQ o'k dhUgh ¾ fd;k] nhUgh ¾ fn;k] Nsnfugkjk ¾ dkVus okyk]
esa gksdj bl izdkj dh ckr cksy jgk gSA rq>s rks cksyus dk gks'k Hkh xHkZUg osQ ¾ xHkZ osQ] xHkZLFk] vHkZd ¾ f'k'kq] ?kksj ¾ Hk;kudA
ugha gS] rw vius vki dks l¡HkkyA Hkxoku 'kadj dk /uq"k leLr fo'o O;k[;k % tc y{e.k us ij'kqjke ls g¡ldj dgk] gs nso! lqfu,]
esa izfln~/ gS vkSj rw bldh rqyuk lkekU; /uqfg;ksa osQ lkFk dj jgk gekjs fy, rks lHkh /uq"k leku gSaA iqjkus vkSj de”kksj èkuq"k osQ VwVus
gS\ vjs! vcks/ ckyd] ;g dksbZ lkekU; /uq"k ugha gSA* ls D;k nks"k vkSj D;k ykHk\ jkepaæ th us rks bls u;k le>dj Nqvk

AN
fo'ks"kµ Fkk vkSj Nwrs gh og /uq"k VwV x;k] mUgsa rks n`f"V dk /ks[kk gks x;k]
(i) ;g dkO;ka'k vo/h Hkk"kk esa fyf[kr gSA Hkyk blesa mudk D;k nks"k\ vr,o gs eqfuoj! vki O;FkZ gh Øksf/r

H
(ii) bl pkSikbZ esa 'kq: esa 'kkar jl vkSj ckn esa jkSnz jl dk iz;ksx

AS
gks jgs gSaA
gqvk gSA vc ij'kqjketh us vius iQjls dh vksj ns[krs gq, dgk & ^vjs

AK
(iii) dkg dfgv fdu] lsooqQ lks] dfj dfjv] lglckgq le 'kB! rwus esjs LoHkko osQ ckjs esa ugha lquk gSA eSa rks Hkyk rq>s ckyd
lks] fcyxkm fcgkb esa vuqizkl vyadkj dh NVk fn[kkbZ le>dj ugha ekj jgk vkSj rw eq>s fujk lh/k&lknk eqfu le> jgk gSA
PR
nsrh gSA rks lqu ys & eSa cky czg~epkjh gw¡ vkSj vR;ar Øksèkh gw¡A lkjk lalkj
(iv) ^lglckgq le lks fjiq eksjk* vkSj ^/uqgh le f=kiqjkfj/uq* tkurk gS fd eSa {kf=k;ksa dk ?kksj 'k=kq gw¡A eSaus bl i`Foh dks {kf=k;&'kwU;
S

esa miek vyadkj gSA dj fn;k] fiQj bl {kf=k;&jfgr i`Foh dks czkg~e.kksa dks ns fn;k* dgus
ER

(ü) dk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd ij'kqjke us viuh 'kfDr ls vla[; {kf=k;ksa dk

uk'k djosQ i`Foh ij czkg~e.kksa dk vkfèkiR; LFkkfir dj fn;kA vkxs
TH

y[ku dgk gfl gejs tkukA

ij'kqjke y{e.k dks lacksf/r djrs gq, dgrs gSa fd] ^gs jktoqQekj!
lqugq nso lc /uq"k lekukAA
O

lglzckgq dh Hkqtkvksa dks dkV Mkyus okys esjs bl iQjls dh vksj ”kjk
dk Nfr ykHkq twu /uq rksjsaA
R

ns[kksA esjk iQjlk xHkZLFk f'k'kq dks u"V djus dh {kerk j[krk gSA vr%
ns [kk jke u;u os Q Hkks js a A A
B

gs jktiq=k! rw vius ekrk&firk dks fpafrr er dj] mUgsa lkspus osQ fy,
Nqvr VwV j?kqifrgq u nkslwA etcwj er djA*
L

eqfu fcuq dkt dfjv dr jkslAw A

YA

fo'ks"kµ
cks ys fprS ijlq dh vks jkA (i) blesa vo/h Hkk"kk dk vkSj pkSikbZ Nan dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA
O

js lB lqusfg lqHkkm u eksjkAA (ii) blesa eq[; :i ls jkSæ jl dh iz/kurk gSA

G

ckyoqQ cksfy c/kSa ufg rksghA (iii) blesa rRle 'kCnksa dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA
osQoy eqfu tM+ tkufg eksghAA (iv) ^lB lqufs g lqHkkm*] ^ckyoqQ cksfy c/kSa*] ^cky czg~epkjh*]
cky cz ã pkjh vfr dks g hA ^Hkqtcy Hkwfe Hkwi* rFkk ^fciqy ckj* esa vuqikz l vyadkj
fcLofcfnr {kf=k;oqQy nzksghAA dh fujkyh NVk gSA
Hkqtcy Hkwfe Hkwi fcuq dhUghA (ý)
fciqy ckj efgnsoUg nhUghAA fcgfl y[kuq cksys e`nq ckuhA
lglckgq H kqt Nsn fugkjkA
vgks eq uhlq egkHkV ekuhAA
ijlq fcyksoqQ eghioqQekjkAA
iqfu iqfu eksfg ns[kko oqQBk#A
ekrq firfg tfu lkspcl djfl eghlfdlksjA
pgr mM+kou iQw¡fd igk:AA
xHkZUg osQ vHkZd nyu ijlq eksj vfr ?kksjAA
2 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
 bgk¡ oqQEgM+cfr;k dksm ukghaA ij iki yxrk gS vkSj buls gkjus ij vi;'k feyrk gS ;kuh mldh
ts rjtuh nsf[k efj tkghaAA cnukeh gksrh gSA blfy, ;fn vki ekjsa Hkh rks vkiosQ iSjksa iM+uk pkfg,A
nsf[k oqQBk# ljklu ckukA fiQj O;aX;iwoZd y{e.k muls dgrs gSa& vkidk rks ,d&,d opu
eSa dNq dgk lfgr vfHkekukAA djksM+ksa otzksa osQ leku dBksj gSA vki csdkj gh /uq"k&ck.k vkSj iQjlk
Hk`xqlqr leqf> tusm fcyksdhA fy, gq, gSaA ;kuh budh dksbZ vko';drk gh ughaA fdlh dks ekjus osQ
fy, vkiosQ opu gh i;kZIr gSAa vxj bUgsa ns[kdj eSua s oqQN vuqfpr dg
tks dNq dggq lgkSa fjl jksdhAA
fn;k gS rks gs ije /S;Zoku egkeqfu! eq>s {kek dj nsaA ,slk lqudj
lqj efglqj gfjtu v# xkbZA Hk`xqoa'k osQ ef.k Lo:i ij'kqjketh us Øksèk osQ lkFk xaHkhj ok.kh esa dgkA
gejs oqQy bUg ij u lqjkbZAA fo'ks"kµ
c/sa ikiq vidhjfr gkjsaA (i) vo/h Hkk"kk esa fyf[kr bl dkO;ka'k esa rRle 'kCnksa dh
ekjrgw ik ifjv rqEgkjsaAA izpqjrk gSA
dksfV oqQfyl le cpuq rqEgkjkA

AN
(ii) ^equhlq egkHkV ekuh*] ^oqQEgM+cfr;k dksm*] ^dNq dgk*]
C;FkZ /jgq /uq cku oqQBkjkAA ^dNq dggq*] ^dksfV oqQfyl* vkSj ^lqfu ljks"k* esa vuqikz l

H
tks fcyksfd vuqfpr dgsm¡ Negq egkeqfu /hjA vyadkj gSA

AS
lqfu ljks"k Hk`xcq alefu cksys fxjk xaHkhjAA (iii) ^dksfV oqQfyl le opuq rqEgkjk* esa miek vyadkj gSA
(iv) blesa pkSikbZ Nan gSA
'kCnkFkZ % fcgfl ¾ g¡ldj] equhlq ¾ eqfuoj] iqfu&
iqfu ¾ ckj&ckj] oqQBk: ¾ oqQYgkM+k] oqQEgM+cfr;k ¾ oqQEgM+s AK (þ)
PR
;k dk'khiQy dk cgqr NksVk iQy ;kuh cgqr de”kksj] fucZy dkSfld lqugq ean ;sgq ckyoqQA
O;fDr] dksm ¾ dksbZ] efj tkgha ¾ ej tk,xk] Hk`xqlqr ¾ Hk`xq oqQfVyq dkycl fut oqQy ?kkyoqQAA
S

½f"k osQ iq=k] fcyksdh ¾ ns[kdj] fjl jksdh ¾ Øks/ dk

ER

Hkkuq cal jk o Qs l dy aow Q A

neudj (jks d dj)] v# ¾ vkS j ] lq j kbZ ¾ ohjrk]
fuiV fujaoqQlq vcq/q vlaowQAA
TH

vidhjfr ¾ vi;'k] cnukeh] Negq ¾ {kek djsa ]

e`nq ¾ dksey] e/qj] egkHkV ¾ egku ;ksn~/k] dkydoyq gks b fg Nu ekgha A
O

ns[kko ¾ fn[kkrs gSa] igk: ¾ igkM+] ljklu ¾ /uq"k&ck.k] dgkSa iqdkfj [kksfj eksfg ukghaAA
R

leqf> ¾ le>dj] lgkSa ¾ lgu fd;k] lqj ¾ nsork]

rqEg gVdgq tkS pggq mckjkA
B

efglqj ¾ czkg~e.k] xkbZ ¾ xk;] c/sa ¾ o/ djus ls] ekjus ls]

dfg izrkiq cyq jks"kq gekjkAA
L

ika ifjv ¾ iSj iM+rk gw¡] oqQfyl ¾ dBksj] ljks"k ¾ Øks/ osQ
YA

lkFkA y[ku dgsm eqfu lqtlq rqEgkjkA

O;k[;k % ij'kqjke dh dBksj ckrsa lqudj y{e.k us g¡lrs gq, rqEgfg vNr dks cjuS ikjkAA
O

muls dgk & vgks eqfuoj! vki vius dks egku ;ksn~/k le>rs gSaA
G

vius eqgq rqEg vkifu djuhA

blfy, ckj&ckj vki eq>s viuk iQjlk fn[kk jgs gSaA ,slk yxrk gS fd
ckj vus d Hkk¡ fr cgq cjuhAA
vki iw¡Qd ekjdj igkM+ mM+kuk pkgrs gSa ysfdu vki Hkh ;g tku
yhft, fd ;gk¡ dksbZ oqQEgM+cfr;k ;k NqbZeqbZ rks gS ugha fd vkidh ufg larks"kq r iqfu dNq dggwA
rtZuh (v¡xwBs osQ ikl okyh m¡xyh) ns[kdj eqj>k tk,xh vFkkZr tfu fjl jksfd nqlg nq[k lggwAA
vkiosQ dBksj opuksa vkSj iQjls ls ;gk¡ dksbZ Hkh Hk;Hkhr gksus okyk ughaA chjczrh rqEg /hj vNksHkkA
eSaus rks vkiosQ iQjls vkSj /uq"k&ck.k dks ns[kdj gh vfHkeku osQ lkFk
xkjh nsr u ikogq +lksHkkAA
oSlh ckrsa dgh Fkha] vkidks Hk`xqoa'kh le>dj vkSj vkidk tusmQ
ns[kdj vkius tks oqQN Hkh dgk] mls eSaus viuk xqLlk ihdj lgu dj lwj lej djuh djfga dfg u tuko¯g vkiqA
fy;k D;ksafd gekjs oqQy esa nsork] czkg~e.k] Hkxoku osQ HkDr vkSj xk; fo|eku ju ikb fjiq dk;j dFkfga izrkiqAA
ij dksbZ ohjrk ugha fn[kkrkA gekjs oqQy esa ,slh ekU;rk gS fd bUgsa ekjus

3 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN

 'kCnkFkZ % dkSfld ¾ dkSf'kd ;kuh] ½f"k fo'okfe=k] vc rd y{e.k cM+s /S;Z osQ lkFk ckr dj jgs Fks] fdarq iqu% muesa
ean ¾ eancqn~f/] ew[kZ] oqQfVyq ¾ oqQfVy] nq"V] ?kkyoqQ ¾ oqQN 'kjkjr dh bPNk tkxrh gS vkSj ij'kqjke dks f[ktkus osQ fy, cksy
uk'k djus okyk] jkosQl ¾ paæek] fuiV ¾ fujk] vcq/q ¾ iM+rs gSa & vjs ij'kqjke th! 'kwjohj rks viuh ohjrk ;qn~/Hkwfe esa fn[kkrs
vcks/] fucksZ/] vlaowQ ¾ 'kadk jfgr] gksbfg ¾ gksxk] tkS gS]a os dHkh Lo;a dks 'kwjohj ugha dgk djrs ;kuh viuh ohjrk dh Mhax
pggq ¾ tks (vxj) pkgrs gks] izrkiq ¾ izrki] ohjrk] ugha gk¡dk djrsA 'k=kq dks ;qn~/ esa mifLFkr ns[kdj osQoy dk;j gh
cyq ¾ cy] 'kfDr] lq tlq ¾ lq; 'k] iz' ka lk] cjuS Mhax ekjk djrs gSaA ijks{k :i ls y{e.k ij'kqjke dks dk;j dh laKk
ikjk ¾ o.kZu dj ldk] eqgq ¾ eq¡g] eq[k] dNq ¾ oqQN] fjl ns Mkyrs gSaA
jksfd ¾ Øks/ jksddj] lqugq ¾ lqfu,] ;sgq ¾ ;g] fo'ks"kµ
ckyoqQ ¾ ckyd] dkycl ¾ dky osQ o'k esa gksdj] (i) izLrqr dkO;ka'k dh jpuk vo/h Hkk"kk esa gqbZ gS] ftlesa
Hkkuqcal ¾ lw;Zoa'k] dyaowQ ¾ dyad] fujaoqQlq ¾ fujaoqQ'k] rRle 'kCnksa dh cgqyrk gSA
euekuh djus okyk] dkydoyq ¾ dky dofyr] e`R;q dk (ii) blesa jkSæ ,oa 'kkar jl dk voljkuqoQw y iz;ksx gqvk gSA
xzkl] Nu ekgha ¾ {k.k Hkj osQ Hkhrj] mckjk ¾ mckjuk]
(iii) blesa O;aX;kRed 'kSyh dk iqV Hkh gSA

AN
cpkuk] jks"kq ¾ jks"k] Øksèk] vNr ¾ v{kr] dks ¾ dkSu] cgq
(iv) blesa vuqizkl] miek vkSj :id vyadkj dk ;Fkksfpr lqna j
cjuh ¾ cgqr o.kZu fd;k] dggw ¾ dfg,] nqlg ¾ nqLlg]

H
vlguh;] [kksfj ¾ nks"k] chjczrh ¾ ohj ozr èkkj.k djus okys] iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA

AS
xkjh ¾ xkyh] cqjh ckrsa] lwj ¾ 'kwjohj] dfg ¾ dgdj] vkiq (ÿ)
¾ vius vki] Lo;a] fjiq ¾ 'k=kq] nq'eu] gVdgq ¾ euk djus

AK
rqEg rkS dkyq gk¡d tuq ykokA ckj ckj eksfg ykfx cksykokAA
ij] vNksHkk ¾ {kksHkjfgr] 'kkar] /hj] lksHkk ¾ 'kksHkk] lej
lqur y[ku osQ cpu dBksjkA ijlq lq/kfj /jsm dj ?kksjkAA
PR
¾ ;qn~/] laxzke] u tukofga ¾ ugha trkrs] ugha fn[kkrs] ju
¾ j.k] ;qn~/] dFkfga ¾ dgrk gSA
vc tfu nsb nkslq eksfg yksxwA dVqcknh ckyoqQ c/tksxAw A
O;k[;k % vR;ar ozqQn~/ gksrs gq, ij'kqjke eqfu fo'okfe=k dks cky fcyksfd cgqr eSa ck¡pkA vc ;sgq ejfugkj Hkk lk¡pkAA
S

dkSfld dgk Nfev vijk/wA cky nks"k xqu xufga u lk/wAA

ER

lacksf/r djrs gq, dgrs gSa & gs dkSf'kd! lqfu,] ;g ckyd vR;ar
eancqfn~/ vkSj oqQfVy gSA oqQfVy ;kuh lh/s jkLrs pyus okyk ugha] oju [kj oqQBkj eSa vd#u dksghA vkxs vijk/h xq#æksghAA
TH

Vs<+k gSA vkSj ,slk yx jgk gS fd dky osQ o'k esa gksdj ;g vius oqQy mrj nsr NksM+kSa fcuq ekjsA osQoy dkSfld lhy rqEgkjsAA
osQ fy, ?kkrd cu jgk gSA bruk gh ugha] lw;Zoa'k esa tUe ysus osQ ckn u r ;sfg dkfV oqQBkj dBksjsA xqjfg mfju gksrms ¡ Je FkksjAs A
O

Hkh ;g iw.kZpanz dk dyad cuk gqvk gSA y{e.k osQ izfr viuk ?kksj jks"k xkf/lwuq dg ân; gfl eqfufg gfj;js lw>A
R

izdV djrs gq, os vkxs dgrs gSa fd ;g rks fujk ew[kZ] mn~naM vkSj
B

v;e; [kk¡M+ u mQ[ke; vtgq¡ u cw> vcw>AA

'kadkjfgr gSA vxj ;g bl izdkj cksyrk jgk rks iy Hkj esa gh ;g ekSr
L

osQ eq¡g esa pyk tk,xkA gs eqfuoj] eSa igys gh vkidks crk ns jgk gw¡] 'kCnkFkZ % rqEg rkS ¾ rqedks rks] gk¡ d ¾ gk¡ddj]
YA

vkxs eq>s nks"k er nhft,xkA ;fn vki bls cpkuk gh pkgrs gSa rks bls ykok ¾ yk;k] /js m ¾ /j fy;k] /kj.k fd;k]
gekjs izrki (ijkØe)] cy ('kfDr) vkSj jks"k (Øks/) osQ ckjs esa crk dVqcknh ¾ dVq opu cksyus okyk] fcyksfd ¾ ns[kdj]
O

ejfugkj ¾ ejus dks rRij] Nfev ¾ {kek djs a ]

G

nhft, rkfd vc ;g pqi gks tk,A

ij'kqjke dh lpsr ok.kh lqudj iqu% y{e.k cksys & gs eqfu! lk/w ¾ lTtu] vd#u ¾ d#.kk jfgr] xq#æksgh ¾ xq# ls
vkiosQ v{kr jgrs Hkyk dksbZ vkSj vkiosQ lq;'k (izfln~f/) dk c[kku æksg djus okyk] xqjfg ¾ xq# osQ] gksrsm¡ ¾ gks tkrk] xkf/lw
oSQls dj ldrk gS\ vFkkZr vkius viuh iz'kalk esa bruk lc dg Mkyk ¾ xkf/ osQ iq=k ;kuh fo'okfe=k] v;e; ¾ yksgs dk cuk gqvk]
gS fd nwljs dks oqQN cksyus osQ fy, ekSdk gh ugha jgkA vkius rks vius dkyq ¾ dky] ekSr] tuq ¾ tSls] lq/kfj ¾ lq/kj dj] Bhd
eq[k ls vius deks± dk vusd ckj vusd izdkj ls o.kZu fd;k gSA vxj ls] ?kksjk ¾ Hk;kud] nkslq ¾ nks"k] cèktksxw ¾ o/ osQ ;ksX;]
brus ls Hkh vkidks larks"k ugha feyk] rks fiQj tks oqQN vkSj dguk pkgrs ck¡pk ¾ cpk;k] lk¡pk ¾ lpeqp] xufga u ¾ ugha fxurk gS]
gSa] og Hkh dg Mkfy,A vki vius jks"k dks jksdus dh ps"Vk u djsa egRo ugha nsrk gS] dksgh ¾ Øksèkh] lhy ¾ 'khy] izse] mfju
D;ksafd blls vkidks vlguh; d"V gksxkA vki rks ohjozrh (ohjozr ¾ ½.keqDr] Fkksjs ¾ FkksM+s] [kk¡M+ ¾ [kM~x] [kkaMk] mQ[ke; ¾
/kj.k djus okys) gSa] /hj gSa vkSj {kksHkjfgr gSAa xkyh nsrs gq, vki vPNs xUus ls cuk gqvk] u cw> ¾ ugha le>rk gS] vtgq¡ ¾ vkt
ugha yxrs (dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd vki xkyh u nsa rks vPNk gS)A Hkh] vcw> ¾ ukle>A
O;k[;k % y{e.k fiQj ij'kqjke ls dgrs gSa fd ,slk yx jgk gS
4 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
ekuks vki ckj&ckj dky (;ejkt) dks vkok”k nsdj esjs fy, cqyk jgs lqfu dVq cpu oqQBkj lq/kjkA gk; gk; lc lHkk iqdkjkAA
gSaA bl izdkj y{e.k osQ dBksj opu dks lqudj ij'kqjke dk Øks/ Hk`xqcj ijlq ns[kkcgq eksghA fciz fcpkfj cpkSa u`iæksghAA
lkrosa vkleku ij igq¡p tkrk gS vkSj os vius iQjls dks Bhd ls feys u dcgw¡ lqHkV ju xk<+sA f}tnsork ?kjfg osQ ck<+As A
l¡Hkkyus yxrs gSaA fiQj vR;ar Øks/iwod Z dgrs gSa fd vc yksx eq>s nks"k vuqfpr dfg lcq yksxq iqdkjsA j?kqifr l;ufg y[kuq usokjsAA
u nsa D;ksafd bruk dM+ok cksyus okyk ;g ckyd fu'p; gh o/ djus y[ku mrj vkgqfr lfjl Hk`xqcjdksiq ÑlkuqA
;ksX; gSA ckyd ns[kdj eSaus bls cpkus dk cgqr iz;Ru fd;k fdarq vc c<+r nsf[k ty le cpu cksys j?kqoQq yHkkuqAA
rks ejus osQ fy, ;g lkeus vk gh x;k gSA bl ij ½f"k fo'okfe=k us
muls dgk & vijk/ {kek djsa D;ksafd lk/q ;kuh lT”ku dHkh Hkh 'kCnkFkZ % lhyq ¾ 'khy] pfj=k] uhosQa ¾ vPNh rjg] lks
ckyd osQ nks"k&xq.k fxuk ugha djrs gSaA dgus dk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd vki tuq ¾ og tS ls fd] ekFksa dk<+ k ¾ eRFks e<+ k gS]
rks lk/q&egkRek gSa] bl ckyd osQ vijk/ dks {kek djsaA C;ogfjvk ¾ O;ogkj djus okyk vFkkZr fglkc fdrkc djus
ij'kqjke fiQj cksys & esjs gkFk esa ;g rs”k /kj okyk oqQBkj (oqQYgkM+k) okyk] rqjr ¾ rqjar] cpkSa ¾ cpk;k] lqHkV ¾ 'kwjohj]
gS vkSj eSa vR;ar Øks/h ,oa d#.kkjfgr (funZ;h) gw¡A esjs lkeus rks xq# ?kjfg osQ ¾ vius ?kj osQ] lcq ¾ lc] usokjs ¾ fu"ks/ fd;k]

AN
osQ izfr æksg djus okyk vijk/h [kM+k gS vkSj eq>s tokc ns jgk gSA gs euk fd;k] Ñlkuq ¾ vfXu] fcfnr ¾ Kkr] xqjfjuq ¾ xq# dk
½f"k fo'okfe=k! bruk lc gksus ij Hkh eSa osQoy vkiosQ 'khy vkSj izse ½.k] gejsfg ¾ gekjs gh] ck<+k ¾ c<+rk x;k] fciz ¾ czkg~e.k]

H
osQ dkj.k bls fcuk ekjs NksM+ jgk gw¡] ojuk FkksM+h esgur ls gh bl rs”k/ u`iæksgh ¾ {kf=k; jktkvksa osQ 'k=kq] f}t nsork ¾ czkg~e.k

AS
kj ;qDr oqQBkj ls bls dkVdj eSa xq#½.k ls eqDr gks tkrkA nsork] ck<+s ¾ cM+ ;kuh 'ksj] l;ufg ¾ laoQs r ls] b'kkjs ls]
mrj ¾ mRrj] tokc] j?kqoqQyHkkuq ¾ j?kqoQq y osQ lw;Z vFkkZr

AK
ij'kqjke dh bu ckrksa dks lqudj fo'okfe=k us vius eu esa lkspk
JhjkeA
bUgsa rks lc txg gfj;kyh gh fn[kkbZ iM+ jgh gS vkSj os eu gh eu
O;k[;k % ij'kqjke tc ckj&ckj viuk iQjlk l¡Hkkyrs gSa vkSj
PR
g¡lus yxsA ^gjk gh gjk lw>us* dk rkRi;Z ;g gS fd vc rd rks bUgsa
y{e.k dks ekjus dh /edh nsrs gSa] rc y{e.k O;aX;iwod Z muls dgrs
lc txg {kf=k;ksa dk uk'k djus esa liQyrk feyh gS] fdarq ;s
gSa] gs eqfuoj! vkiosQ 'khy (pfj=k) dks dkSu ugha tkurk\ vkiosQ pfj=k
S

jke&y{e.k dksbZ lk/kj.k {kf=k; jktoqQekj ugha gSaA ;g y{e.k rks yksgs
dks rks laiw.kZ lalkj tkurk gSA
ER

ls cuk [kk¡Mk gS u fd xUus dh [kk¡M fd mls pck tk,¡A ½f"k

fo'okfe=k vius eu esa gh ij'kqjke dh ukle>h ij [ksn izdV djrs ij'kqjke us vius firk osQ dgus ij viuh ekrk dk o/ dj fn;k
TH

gq, dgrs gSa fd vc Hkh eqfu (ij'kqjke) vcks/ cus gq, gSa vkSj bu nks Fkk & bl vksj laosQr djrs gq, y{e.k dgrs gSa fd vki vius
ckydksa osQ vfeV izHkko dks ugha le> ik jgs gSaA ekrk&firk osQ ½.k ls rks Hkyh&Hkk¡fr m½.k gks x,A vc xq#&½.k
O

ckdh jg x;k gSA 'kk;n xq# osQ ½.k dks mrkjus dh pkgr vkiosQ eu
R

fo'ks"kµ
esa gS vkSj yxrk gS] og esjs eRFks e<+k tk,xk vFkkZr eq>s ekjdj vki
B

(i) blesa rRle 'kCn;qDr vo/h Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx gqvk gSA

xq#&½.k ls eqDr gksuk pkgrs gSAa y{e.k mUgsa f[ktkus osQ fy, vkxs vkSj
L

(ii) izLrqr dkO;ka'k esa pkSikbZ Nan gSA dgrs gSa & cgqr fnu gks x, gSa] vc rks ml ½.k ij cgqr C;kt Hkh
YA

(iii) ij'kqjke osQ opuksa esa jkSæ jl dk iqV gSA p<+ x;k gksxkA fdlh fglkc&fdrkc djus okys dks cqyk yhft, (vkSj
(iv) y{e.k osQ opuksa esa O;aX; dh >yd gSA lkjk fglkc djok yhft,) rkfd eSa FkSyh [kksydj fglkc pqdrk dj
O

nw¡A bl izdkj dgs tkus ij ij'kqjke us vR;ar Øks/ osQ lkFk viuk iQjlk
G

(v) ^[kk¡M+* 'kCn esa 'ys"k vyadkj gSA blosQ nks vFkZ gSa & ,d
rks dVkj gS vkSj nwljk xUus dh [kk¡M gSA l¡Hkky fy;k vkSj bls ns[kdj lHkk esa mifLFkr lHkh yksx vfu"V dh
(vi) izFke iafDr esa mRizs{kk vyadkj gSA blds vfrfjDr laiw.kZ laHkkouk ls ^gk;&gk;* dgus yxsA
dkO;ka'k esa vuqizkl ,oa iqu#fDrizdk'k vyadkj dk lqanj ysfdu y{e.k us viuh ckr can ugha dhA os vkxs cksyrs pys x,
iz;ksx gqvk gSA & gs Hk`xqJs"B! iQjlk fn[kkdj vki eq>s Mjkuk pkgrs gSa\ gs {kf=k;
jktkvksa osQ 'k=kq! eSa vkidks czkg~e.k le>dj vHkh rd cpk jgk gw¡
(ö) ysfdu ,slk yxrk gS fd vkidks dHkh cyoku j.koqQ'ky dksbZ ohj ugha
dgsm y[ku eqfu lhyq rqEgkjkA dks ufg tku fcfnr lalkjkAA feyk gSA rHkh rks gs czkg~e.k nsork! vki vius ?kj osQ 'ksj (egkijkØeh)
ekrk firfg mfju Hk;s uhosQaA xqjfjuq jgk lkspq cM+ th osQaAA cus gq, gSaA y{e.k dh vkstiw.kZ O;aX;ksfDr dks lqudj lc yksx ^;g
lks tuq gejsfg ekFksa dk<+kA fnu pfy x;s C;kt cM+ ck<+kAA vuqfpr gS] ;g vuqfpr gS* & ,slk dgus yxsA rc Jhjke us laoQs r ls
vc vkfuv C;ogfjvk cksyhA rqjr nsm¡ eSa FkSyh [kksyhAA y{e.k dks pqi jgus osQ fy, dgkA

5 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN

 Hk`xq Js"B ij'kqjke dh Øks/kfXu dks c<+kus osQ fy, y{e.k osQ (ii) blesa jkSæ jl dh iz/kurk gSA
O;aX;iw.kZ mRrj vkgqfr dk dke dj jgs FksA mudh Øks/ :ih vfXu dks (iii) ^C;kt cM+ ck<+k* ^C;ogfj;k cksyh*] ^lc lHkk*] ^fciz
HkM+drs gq, ns[kdj j?kqoqQy osQ lw;Z Lo:i Jhjke us 'khry ty osQ fcpkfj cpkSa* vkSj ^cpu cksys* esa vuqikz l vyadkj gSA
leku vius e/qj opuksa ls mUgsa 'kkar djus dk iz;Ru fd;kA (iv) ^dksaiq Ñlkuq* vkSj ^f}t nsork* esa :id vyadkj gSA
fo'ks"kµ (v) ^y[ku mrj vkgqfr lfjl* vkSj ^ty le cpu* esa miek
(i) izLrqr pkSikbZ vo/h Hkk"kk esa jfpr gS] ftlesa rRle 'kCnksa vyadkj iz;qDr gqvk gSA
dh izpqjrk gSA

lesfVo vlslesaV osQ fy,

AN
,u-lh-bZ-vkj-Vh- dh ikB~;iqLrd osQ iz'uksRrj

H
û- ij'kqjke osQ Øks/ djus ij y{e.k us /uq"k osQ VwV tkus esa y{e.k okd~iVq Hkh gSaA

AS
osQ fy, dkSu&dkSu ls roZQ fn,\ nwljh vksj Jhjke vR;ar /hj] 'kkar ,oa lkSE; gSaA os fou;h

AK
[CBSE 2010 (Term – II)] gSa] blfy, os Lo;a dks ij'kqjke dk nkl crkrs gSAa os y{e.k
mRrj % f'ko/uq"k VwVus ij tc ij'kqjke vR;ar Øqn~/ gq, rks y{e.k osQ LoHkko dks vPNh rjg tkurs gSaA blfy, var esa os
PR
us dgk fd Jhjke us rks bls u;k vkSj e”kcwr le>dj Nqvk y{e.k dks 'kkar gks tkus osQ fy, vk¡[kksa ls laoQs r djrs gSaA
FkkA ;g rks cgqr iqjkuk vkSj ttZj jgk] rHkh rks Jhjke osQ os e`nqHkk"kh gSa blfy, vius e/qj opuksa ls os ij'kqjke dh
gkFk yxrs gh og VwV x;kA fiQj blesa mudk D;k nks"k\ Øks/kfXu dks 'kkar djus dk iz;kl djrs gSaA
S
ER

nwljh ckr y{e.k us dgh fd cpiu esa geus u tkus ý- y{e.k vkSj ij'kqjke laokn dk tks va'k vkidks lcls
fdruh ,slh /uqfg;k¡ rksM+h gSa] rc rks vki Øksf/r ugha gq,A vPNk yxk mls vius 'kCnksa esa laokn 'kSyh esa fyf[k,A
TH

vc blesa ,slh dkSu&lh fo'ks"krk gS fd vki ge ij Øksf/ mRrj % y{e.k ij'kqjke laokn dk jkspd va'k &
r gks jgs gSa\ bl /uq"k osQ VwVus ij rks gesa dksbZ ykHk&gkfu
O

y{e.k % (g¡lrs gq,) gs ½f"koj gekjh le> esa rks lHkh

dh ckr le> esa ugha vkrhA
R

/uq"k ,d tSls gSaA dksbZ Hkh fo'ks"k ughaA fiQj

B

ü- ij'kqjke osQ Øks/ djus ij jke vkSj y{e.k dh tks f'ko/uq"k rks iqjkuk gksus osQ dkj.k de”kksj Hkh
izfrfØ;k,¡ gqb± muosQ vk/kj ij nksuksa osQ LoHkko dh gks x;k FkkA jke osQ gkFkksa osQ Li'kZ ek=k ls gh
L

fo'ks"krk,¡ vius 'kCnksa esa fyf[k,A

YA

VwV x;kA bleas Hkksys&Hkkys HkS;k jke dk D;k

mRrj % ij'kqjke osQ Øks/ djus ij y{e.k mUgsa viuh O;aX;ksfDr ls nks"k\ ,sls /uq"k osQ VwVus ls eq>s rks dksbZ gkfu
O

vkSj vf/d Øqn~/ dj nsrs gSaA os LoHkko ls ohj] lkglh ;k ykHk u”kj Hkh ugha vkrkA vki D;ksa esjs HkkbZ
G

,oa Li"VoDrk gSaA fdlh izdkj osQ vU;k; dks os lgu ugha jke ij bruk Øks/ dj jgs gSa\
djrs vkSj rHkh rks y{e.k ij'kqjke dks ekrk&firk osQ ½.k ij'kqjke % (iQjls dh vksj ns[krs gq,) vjs! nq"V y{e.k !
mrkjus dh ckr dgrs gSaA os brus fuHkhZd gSa fd xq#&½.k rq>s 'kk;n vHkh rd esjs Øks/ vkSj LoHkko dk
mrkjus osQ fy, vius dks lkeus izLrqr djus ls ugha Kku ugha gSA eSaus rks rq>s ckyd le> dj ugha
fgpdrsA os dgrs gSa fd xq#&½.k mrkjus osQ fy, gekjk ekjk] 'kk;n blhfy, rw eq>s ,d lk/kj.k eqfu
eRFkk gh 'ks"k cpk gSA y{e.k dkSrqd&fiz; gSaA blfy, os le>us dh Hkwy dj jgk gSA rw ;g vPNh rjg
dgrs gSa & ;gk¡ dksbZ ^oqQEgM+cfr;k* ugha gS tks vkidh tku ys fd eSa vR;ar Øks/h LoHkko dk og
rtZuh ns[kdj ej tk,xhA y{e.k ij'kqjke dks /hj vkSj cky czg~epkjh gw¡ ftlus vius {kf=k; fojks/ osQ
ohjozrh dgdj lacksf/r djrs gq, dgrs gSa fd vkiosQ eq[k dkj.k dbZ ckj Hkqtkvksa dh rkdr ls i`Foh dks
ls xkyh 'kksHkk ugha ikrhA bl izdkj ijks{k :i ls os {kf=k;ksa ls jfgr dj czkg~e.kksa dks nku esa ns fn;k
vi'kCnksa dk iz;ksx u djus dh mUgsa lh[k Hkh nsrs gSaA la{ksi FkkA y{e.k! (iQjlk mQ¡pk mBkdj) tjk] bl
6 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
 lgÏckgq dh Hkqtkvksa dks Hkh dkV Mkyus okys budk c¡/uk vko';d gSA fouez cudj bu nksuksa xq.kksa dk
iQjls dh rh{.k /kj dks ns[kksA vius ekrk&firk peRdkjh izHkko liQyrk osQ fy, gh ugha] cfYd 'k=kq i{k
dh fpark dks u c<+kvks y{e.kA esjk iQjlk rks dks Hkh lkspus dks etcwj dj nsrk gSA viuh xyfr;ksa dks
xHkZLFk f'k'kqvksa rd dk uk'k dj nsrk gSA lq/kjus esa og lgk;d curk gS vkSj ;qn~/ tSlh cM+h
þ- ij'kqjke us vius fo"k; esa lHkk esa D;k&D;k dgk] bl leL;kvksa dks u osQoy lqy>kus] cfYd Vkyus esa Hkh
pkSikbZ osQ vk/kj ij fyf[k,A lgk;rk djrk gSA
cky czãpkjh vfr dksghA ÷- Hkko Li"V dhft, &
fcLofcfnr {kf=k;oQqy æksghAA (d) fcgfl y[kuq cksys e`nq ckuhA vgks equhlq egkHkV ekuhAA
Hkqtcy Hkwfe Hkwi fcuq dhUghA iqfu iqfu eksfg ns[kko oqQBk#A pgr mM+kou iQw¡fd
fciqy ckj efgnsoUg nhUghAA i g k : A A
lglckgqH kqt Nsn fugkjkA mRrj % y{e.k us ij'kqjke osQ LoHkko dks le>dj riL;k osQ dkj.k
ijlq fcyks oq Q eghioq Q ekjkAA muesa txs vgadkj dks nwj djus osQ fy, O;aX; dk lgkjk

AN
ekrq firfg tfu lkspcl djfl eghlfdlksjA fy;kA mUgksaus g¡ldj e/qjok.kh esa mUgsa ½f"koj lacksf/r
fd;k vkSj dgk fd os rks txr&fo[;kr egku ;ksn~/k gSa

H
xHkZUg osQ vHkZd nyu ijlq eksj vfr ?kksjAA
blhfy, mUgsa ckj&ckj oqQYgkM+h fn[kkdj Hk;Hkhr D;ksa dj

AS
mRrj % riL;k ls izkIr 'kfDr;ksa ij ?keaM ls Hkjs ij'kqjke us y{e.k
ls dgk fd os cky czg~epkjh gSa vkSj muosQ Øks/ dks lkjk jgs gSaA ekuks os iQw¡d ekjdj igkM+ :ih y{e.k dks mM+kus

AK
lalkj tkurk gSA os {kf=k; oqQy osQ lnk ls nzksgh jgs gSaA dk egku dke dj jgs gSaA y{e.k osQ bl O;aX; ck.k us
mUgksua s dbZ ckj viuh Hkqtkvksa dh rkdr ls i`Foh dks {kf=k; ohjrk osQ vgadkj eas pwj ij'kqjke dh Øks/kfXu esa ?kh dk
PR
jktkvksa ls jfgr dj fn;k vkSj czkg~e.kkas dks nku nsdj lkSai dke fd;k vkSj os vkSj vf/d Øqn~/ gks x,A
fn;k FkkA mUgksaus vius iQjls ls lgÏckgq dk o/ Hkh fd;k ([k) bgk¡ oqQEgM+cfr;k dksm ukghaA ts rjtuh nsf[k efj tkghaAA
S

FkkA vr% iQjls dh Hk;kudrk dks ns[kdj y{e.k dks vius nsf[k oqQBk# ljklu ckukA eSa dNq dgk lfgr vfHkekukAA
ER

ekrk&firk dk fopkj djuk pkfg,A mudk iQjlk xHkZLFk mRrj % ij'kqjke dks viuh 'kfDr vkSj lkgl dk pqukSfriwod Z ifjp;
TH

f'k'kqvksa dk Hkh fouk'k djus ls ugha pwdrkA vr% y{e.k nsrs gq, y{e.k dgrs gSa fd os mUgsa oqQEgM+s osQ u, vk, ,sls
dks ij'kqjke osQ vkxs viuh fLFkfr le> ysuh pkfg,A dksey uk”kqd iQy dh rjg le>us dh Hkwy u djsa] tks
O

ÿ- y{e.k us ohj ;ksn~/k dh D;k&D;k fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb±\ rtZuh osQ fn[kkus ls eqj>k tkrk gS] vFkkZr rqjra u"V gks tkrk
R

gSA mUgksua s ij'kqjke dh oqQYgkM+h vkSj ck.k dks ns[kdj mudh

B

[CBSE 2010 (Term – II)]

mRrj % y{e.k us ohj ;ksn~/kvksa dh fo'ks"krkvksa dks bl izdkj dgk 'kfDr dk iwjk vuqeku yxk fy;k gSA mUgsa Lo;a ij vR;ar
L

fd os ;qn~/Hkwfe esa viuh ohjrk dk ifjp; lkgliwoZd fo'okl gS vkSj vfHkeku osQ lkFk c<+&p<+dj ;g ckr dg
YA

yM+dj nsrs gSaA mudh ohjrk dk c[kku rks nwljs yksx djrs jgs gSaA
(x) xkf/lwuq dg ân; gfl eqfufg gfj;js lw>A
O

gSAa os Lo;a dHkh viuh iz'kalk ugha djrsA ohj /S;oZ ku] {kksHk
G

jfgr] e`nqHkk"kh] {kek'khy] fouez] 'kkar] cyoku vkSj cqn~f/ v;e; [k¡kM+ u mQ[ke; vtgq¡ u cw> vcw>AA
eku gksrs gSaA os Lo;a dHkh ?keaM ugha djrs vkSj xhnM+ mRrj % bu iafDr;ksa esa rqylhnkl th dgrs gSa fd ij'kqjke osQ Øks/
HkHkdh nsdj ohjrk dk fn[kkok ugha djrsA vkSj xohZys opuksa dks lqudj ½f"k fo'okfe=k eu gh eu
ö- lkgl vkSj 'kfDr osQ lkFk fouezrk gks rks csgrj gSA bl g¡lrs gSa vkSj vius eu esa lksprs gSa fd budks rks lc txg
dFku ij vius fopkj fy[ksaA gjk gh gjk lw> jgk gS vFkkZr ij'kqjke dks viuh vfeV
[CBSE 2010 (Term – II)]
'kfDr dk Hkze gSA mUgsa jke&y{e.k dh vuqie ohjrk dk
mRrj % 'kfDr osQ lkFk lkgl dk tqM+uk lksus esa lqgkxk dk dke ”kjk&lk Hkh vuqeku ugha gSA vU; jktkvksa dh Hkk¡fr bu nksuksa
djrk gSA thou esa liQyrk :ih y{; osQ fy, 'kfDr vkSj dks Hkh os lkekU; jktoqQekj le>us dh Hkwy dj jgs gSaA ;s
lkgl nksuksa vfuok;Z gaS] ijarq vxj ;s vgadkj ls ;qDr gks nksuksa xUus dh [kk¡M+ u gksdj yksgs osQ [kk¡Mk+ gSaA ij'kqjke vHkh
tk,¡ rks viuh xfjek [kksus yxrs gSaA vr% fouezrk osQ lkFk Hkh ukle> cus gq, gSaA
ø- ikB osQ vk/kj ij rqylh osQ Hkk"kk&lkSan;Z ij nl
7 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
 iafDr;k¡ fyf[k,A ([k) dksfV oqQfyl le cpuq rqEgkjk
mRrj % jkepfjrekul osQ ckydkaM ls vorfjr jke&y{e.k&ij'kqjke mRrj % (1) ij'kqjke osQ opuksa dh rqyuk dBksj otz osQ leku gksus
laokn esa lardfo rqylhnkl us vo/h Hkk"kk dk iz;ksx fd;k osQ dkj.k rFkk okpd 'kCn ^le* gksus osQ dkj.k ;gk¡ miek
gS] ftlesa rRle 'kCnksa dh izpqjrk Hkh ns[kh tk ldrh gSA vyadkj gSA
izLrqr dkO;ka'kksa esa pkSikbZ] nksgk vkSj Nan 'kSyh dk mfpr (2) dksfV oqQfyl esa ^d* o.kZ dh vko`fRr osQ dkj.k
mi;ksx gqvk gSA blesa ohj vkSj jkSnz jl dh iz/kurk gS vkSj vuqizkl vyadkjA
dgha&dgha 'kkar jl dk Hkh iqV gSA bu pkSikb;ksa esa (x) rqEg rkS dkyq gk¡d tuq ykokA ckj ckj eksfg ykfx cksykokAA
rqylhnkl us vusd vyadkjksa dk lqanj lekos'k fd;k gSA mRrj % (1) ij'kqjke dh gqda kj esa dky dks gk¡d yxkus dh laHkkouk
vuqikz l] miek] mRisz{kk] :id vkSj iqu#fDrizdk'k vyadkjksa okpd 'kCn ^tuq* osQ dkj.k ;gk¡ mRizs{kk vyadkj gSA
dk mUgksaus izpqj iz;ksx fd;k gSA blosQ vfrfjDr mUgksaus dbZ
(2) ^ckj&ckj* esa iqu#fDrizdk'k vyadkj gSA
LFkyksa ij eqgkojksa vkSj yksdksfDr;ksa dk Hkh lVhd iz;ksx
(?k) y[ku mrj vkgqfr lfjl Hk`xqcjdksiq ÑlkuqA
fd;k gSA

AN
c<+r nsf[k ty le cpu cksys j?kqoqQyHkkuqAA
ù- bl iwjs izlax esa O;aX; dk vuwBk lkSan;Z gSA mnkgj.k osQ
mRrj % (1) izFke iafDr esa y{e.k osQ mRrj vkgqfr osQ tSls gksus
lkFk Li"V dhft,A

H
osQ dkj.k] lfjl okpd 'kCn osQ dkj.k rFkk n~forh; iafDr
mRrj % bl iwjs izlax esa y{e.k osQ O;aX;iw.kZ dFkuksa dk vuwBk lkSan;Z

AS
esa jke osQ 'khry opuksa dh rqyuk ty ls fd, tkus osQ
gSa &
dkj.k rFkk okpd 'kCn ^le* osQ iz;ksx osQ dkj.k nksuksa

AK
(i) cgq /uqgh rksjh yfjdkb±A dcgq¡ u vfl fjl dhfUg
LFkyksa ij miek vyadkj gSA
xkslkb±AA
PR
(2) izFke iafDr esa Ñlkuq esa dksiq dk vHksn vkjksi gksus
y{e.k us ij'kqjke ls dgk fd cpiu esa rks tc geus
osQ dkj.k ^dksi Ñlkuq* esa :id vyadkj gSA
f'ko/uq"k tSls fdruh gh /uqfg;k¡ rksM+ha] rc vki vkdj
S

Øksfèkr D;ksa ugha gq,\ rc gesa D;ksa ugha jksdk\ jpuk vkSj vfHkO;fDr
ER

(ii) pgr mM+kou iQw¡fd igk:AA bgk¡ oqQEgM+cfr;k dksm

ûû- lkekftd thou esa Øks/ dh ”k:jr cjkcj iM+rh gSA
TH

ukghaAA
;fn Øks/ u gks rks euq"; nwljksa osQ n~okjk igq¡pk, tkus
y{e.k us ij'kqjke ls dgk fd rqe gesa iw¡Qd ekj dj mM+k
okys cgqr ls d"Vksa ls fpj fuo`fRr dk mik; gh u dj
O

nsuk pkgrs gks] ij ge oqQEgM+s osQ u, NksVs ls iQy tSls

ldsaA
R

de”kksj ugha cfYd igkM+ gSaA

B

vkpk;Z jkepaæ 'kqDy th dk ;g dFku bl ckr dh

(iii) vius eq¡gq rqEg vkifu djuhA ckj vusd Hkk¡fr cgq
iqf"V djrk gS fd Øks/ ges'kk udkjkRed Hkko fy,
L

cjuhAA
YA

ugha gksrk cfYd dHkh&dHkh ldkjkRed Hkh gksrk gSA

y{e.k ij'kqjke n~okjk viuh iz'kalk fd, tkus ij dgrs gSa bleas i{k ;k foi{k esa viuk er izdV dhft,A
O

fd os vius eq¡g fe;k¡ feV~Bw cu jgs gSaA mRrj % izR;sd Hkko vius nksgjs i{k fy, jgrk gSA ;s i{k mldh
G

(iv) lwj lej djuh djfga dfg u tukofga vkiqA lacn~/rk vFkok ftuls og tqM+k gS muij fu/kZfjr gksrs gSaA
ij'kqjke vxj ohj gSa rks dkeksa ls ifjp; nsa] Lo;a vius eq[k Øks/ osQ Hkko osQ i{k esa & Øks/ vU;k; osQ izfrdkj esa
ls viuh iz'kalk D;ksa dj jgs gSa\ lgk;d gS] LokfHkekuh cuuk fl[kkrk gS] O;fDrRo dh
(v) feys u dcgw¡ lqHkV ju xk<+sA f}tnsork ?kjfg osQ ck<+sAA igpku cukrk gS] ck/kvksa osQ gy <w¡<u+ s esa lgk;d curk
y{e.k dgrs gSa fd ½f"koj vki ?kj osQ 'ksj blfy, gSa fd gS] mRlkgo/Zu dj vkRefo'oklh cukrk gS] vkSjksa osQ fy,
vkidk ikyk dHkh ohj ;ksn~/kvksa ls iM+k gh ughaA ekxZn'kZd curk gS] ekuork vkSj lR; dk j{kd] iks"kd gSA
ûú- fuEufyf[kr iafDr;ksa esa vyadkj igpku dj fyf[k,& Øks/ ijfgr esa ldkjkRed ifj.kkeksa dks cukrk gSA
(d) ckyd cksfy c/kaS ufg rksgh Øks/ osQ Hkko osQ foi{k esa & 'kjhj vkSj eu dks izHkkfor
mRrj % ckyd cksfy c/kS esa ^c* o.kZ dh vko`fRr osQ dkj.k dj ,dkdh] fpafrr] fuf"Ø;] Hkzfer cukdj Lej.k 'kfDr
vuqizkl vyadkj gSA o fu.kZ; ysus dh 'kfDr rd dks izHkkfor djrk gSA Øks/
euq"; dks vgadkjh cuk vfoosdh rFkk mUufr esa ck/d
8 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
 curk gSA Øks/ thou esa udkjkRedrk dks c<+krk gSA ls Hkh fiNM+h gSA jktk dks cgqr /Ddk yxkA mlus u pkgrs
laoqQfpr LokFkZtfur Øks/ euq"; dks udkjkRed ifj.kkeksa gq, Hkh iq=kh lfgr jkuh dks cgqr nwj tkus osQ fy, dgkA jkuh
dh vksj ys tkrk gSA us n`<+rk osQ lkFk fu'p; fd;k fd og viuh iq=kh dks ,d
ûü- ladfyr va'k esa jke dk O;ogkj fou;iw.kZ vkSj la;r ;ksX; jktoqQekjh cukdj gh jgsxhA taxy esa mls ,d ½f"k
gS] y{e.k yxkrkj O;aX; ck.kksa dk mi;ksx djrs gSa feysA mlus viuh nq[k Hkjh dgkuh ½f"k dks lqukbZA mèkj
vkSj ij'kqjke dk O;ogkj Øks/ ls Hkjk gqvk gSA vki jktk us vius miou esa ijhyksd dh ,d lqna j ijh ls fookg
vius vkidks bl ifjfLFkfr esa j[kdj fy[ksa fd dj fy;kA oqQN fnuksa ckn mldh Hkh iq=kh gqbZA og ijh tSlh
vkidk O;ogkj oSQlk gksrkA lqanj FkhA cqn~f/ ls Hkh ;ksX;A jktk cgqr [kq'k gqvkA /hjs&/
mRrj % ladfyr va'k esa ge rhu O;fDrRoksa dh LoHkkoxr fHkUurk,¡ hjs ijh&iq=kh cM+h gksus yxh] fdarq vk'p;Z jktlh ifjos'k esa
ns[krs gSAa bZ'oj dh cukbZ izÑfr esa dgha Hkh iw.kZr% ,d:irk jgdj Hkh og mruk lc oqQN ugha lh[k ikbZ] ftruk igyh
ugha feyrhA euq"; pw¡fd lkekftd izk.kh gS blfy, og jkuh dh iq=kh us ½f"k osQ lkFk o iM+kl s h ns'k osQ jktk osQ
lekt osQ vuqowQy [kqn dks cukrk gS vkSj lekt Hkh mlosQ jktx`g esa cus vkJe esa jgrs lh[k fy;k FkkA igyh jkuh dh

AN
vuqowQy gksdj pyrs gq, viuk fodkl djrk gSA vxj ge ns[kjs[k] yxu vkSj dBksj ifjJe us iq=kh dks Hkh oSlk cuk
bl fLFkfr esa gksrs rks jke osQ e;kZnkiw.kZ lsod gksus osQ vkn'kZ fn;k FkkA tc og ;ksX; vkSj lqanj gks xbZ rks jkuh mls ys

H
dks t:j viukrsA y{e.k gksrs rks O;aX; dh lhek ij'kqjke jktk osQ ikl igq¡phA jktk mls ns[k cgqr [kq'k gqvkA mls

AS
osQ Øks/ dks ns[krs gq, j[krs vkSj vxj ij'kqjke gksrs rks jke viuh bl xyrh ij Hkh cgqr i'pkrki gqvk fd mlus fcuk
tkus] fcuk dksf'k'k osQ gh jkuh vkSj iq=kh dks brus fnu d"Vksa
AK
osQ 'kkar] mnkj] {kek'khy LoHkko ls izsj.kk ysrsA y{e.k dks
Hkh ekiQ dj mlds O;aX;ksa ls lh[k ysrsA dHkh&dHkh lekt esa j[kkA mlus {kek ek¡xhA rHkh ogk¡ iM+kl s h ns'k dk
PR
esa vpkud ,slh gh fLFkfr mifLFkr gks tkrh gS tSls fd jktoqQekj vk;k vkSj mlus igyh jkuh dh iq=kh ls fookg dh
rqylhnkl th us ekuo LoHkko o lekt dk vè;;u dj bPNk izdV dhA ijh&iq=kh osQ :iorh gksus ij Hkh mlus mlls
fookg dk izLrko ugha j[kkA
S

cukbZ FkhA ij'kqjke] y{e.k vkSj jke o"kks± igys dh rjg

ER

vkt Hkh geesa clrs gSaA blhfy, jke dFkk vkSj rqylhnkl ml fnu jktk dks le> esa vk;k fd fdlh dh Hkh {kerk
vkt osQ cnyrs ifjos'k esa Hkh gekjs ekxZn'kZd gSaA ;gh ,d dks de ugha le>uk pkfg,A tkus dkSu] dc] dgk¡ viuh
TH

lkfgR;dkj dh ;k lkfgR; dh thr gSA dfe;ksa dks u osQoy iwjk dj ys cfYd lcls cgqr vkxs
fudy tk,A igyh jkuh dh iq=kh fookfgr gks jktoqQekj osQ
O

ûý- vius fdlh ifjfpr ;k fe=k osQ LoHkko dh fo'ks"krk,¡ lkFk pyh xbZA
R

fyf[k,A
ûÿ- mu ?kVukvksa dks ;kn djosQ fyf[k, tc vkius vU;k;
B

mRrj % esjk ,d fe=k gSA og cM+k bZekunkj] esgurh vkSj lnk bZ'oj
dk izfrdkj fd;k FkkA
esa fo'okl djus okyk gSA og dHkh >wB ugha cksyrkA og
L

mRrj % ?kVuk mu fnuksa dh gS tc eSa NksVk FkkA gekjs iM+kl s esa ,d

YA

xjhcksa] chekjksa] vukFkksa dk lsod gSA lekt dh lsok djuk

xjhc ifjokj jgrk FkkA ekrk&firk e”knwjh djrsA mudk
gh mldk thou&y{; gSA og izfrHkk'kkyh dykdkj Hkh gSA yM+dk tks yM+dh ls NksVk Fkk LowQy tkrk Fkk] yM+dh ?kj
O

fp=kdkjh] laxhr] u`R; vkSj ewfrZdyk dh ckjhfd;ksa dk osQ dke djrhA mlus ek¡ ls dbZ ckj LowQy tkus dk vkxzg
G

ojnku tSls mls bZ'oj us tUe ls gh ns fn;k FkkA <sjksa fd;k] ij tc firk us vkKk ugha nh rks mlus jksuk 'kq: dj
iqjLdkjksa vkSj lEekuksa osQ feyus osQ ckn Hkh og vgadkjh fn;kA eq>ls ns[kk u x;kA eSaus viuh igpku ls mls diM+kas
ughaA og 'kkar] izlUu vkSj e`nqHkk"kh gSA vius e;kZfnr] mnkj ij flrkjs yxkus vkSj dkxt osQ iSosQV cukus dk dke fnyk
izse Hkko ls og lHkh dks viuk vkSj lc mls viuk cuk fn;kA ?kj esa gksrh dekbZ ls ekrk&firk [kq'k gks x, rks iq=kh
ysrs gSaA eSa [kq'kfdLer gw¡ fd bZ'oj us eq>s ,slk fe=k fn;kA us i<+us dh bPNk tkfgj dhA mls vuqefr fey xbZA fiQj
ûþ- nwljksa dh {kerkvksa dks de ugha le>uk pkfg,A bl D;k FkkA HkkbZ&cgu nksuksa lkFk&lkFk i<+rsA HkkbZ us cgu dks
'kh"kZd dks è;ku esa j[krs gq, ,d dgkuh fyf[k,A fiNyh ,d d{kk dh i<+kbZ djok nhA vxys lky nksuksa ,d
mRrj % cgqr igys dh ckr gSA ,d jktk dh igyh jkuh dh ,d gh d{kk esa vk x, vkSj lcls cM+h ckr nksuksa us i<+kbZ osQ
iq=kh fookg osQ cgqr fnuksa ckn gqbAZ og 'kjhj ls de”kksj FkhA ckn iSosQV cukus vkSj flrkjs Vk¡dus osQ dke dks Hkh c<+k
ns[kus esa Hkh oqQ:i FkhA oqQN fnuksa ckn irk pyk og fnekx fy;kA vU;k; dk izfrdkj djus dh izsj.kk mUgsa eq>ls feyh]

9 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN

 ij mUgksaus vius ifjJe] yxu vkSj bZekunkjh ls vU;k; dk mRrj % vo/h Hkk"kk iwohZ mRrj izns'k osQ vo/ {ks=k esa cksyh tkrh
izfrdkj fd;k A gSA v;ksè;k] cfy;k] xksj[kiqj] xksaMk vkSj cgjkbp {ks=kksa esa
ûö- vo/h Hkk"kk vkt fdu&fdu {ks=kksa esa cksyh tkrh gS\ voèkh cksyh tkrh gSA

vU; ijh{kksi;ksxh egRoiw.kZ iz'uksRrj (CCE in~èkfr ij vk/kfjr)

(I) fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd if<+, rFkk ml izfln~/ gSA bldh rqyuk lkekU; /uqfg;ksa ls djuk ew[kZrk
ij vkèkkfjr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k, µ gSA
ukFk la H k q / u q H ka t fug kjkA (II) fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd if<+, rFkk ml
gks b fg os Q m ,d nkl rq E gkjkAA ij vkèkkfjr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k, µ
vk;s l q dkg dfgv fdu eks g hA

AN
[CBSE 2010 (Term – II)]
lq f u fjlkb cks y s eq f u dks g hAA y[ku dgk gfl gejs tkukA
ls o oq Q lks tks djS ls o dkbZ A

H
lqugq nso lc /uq"k lekukAA
vfjdjuh dfj dfjv yjkbZ A A

AS
dk Nfr ykHkq twu /uq rksjAas
lq u gq jke ts f g flo/uq rks j kA ns [kk jke u;u os Q Hkks j s a A A

AK
lglckgq le lks fjiq eks j kA Nqvr VwV j?kqifrgq u nkslwA
lk s fc yx km f cg kb l ek tk A eqfu fcuq dkt dfjv dr jkslAw A
PR
u r ekjs tS g fga lc jktkAA cks y s fprS ijlq dh vksjkA
lq f u eq f ucpu y[ku eq l q d kus A js lB lqusfg lqHkkm u eksjkAA
S

ck s y s ijlq /jfg v oekus A A ckyoqQ cksfy c/kSa ufg rksghA

ER

c gq / uq gh rks jh y fjdk b± A
osQoy eqfu tM+ tkufg eksghAA
dcgq¡ u vfl fjl dhfUg xkslkb±AA ;sfg
TH

cky czg~epkjh vfr dksg hA

/uq ij eerk os Qf g gs rw A
fcLofcfnr {kf=k;oqQy æksgh AA
O

lq f u fjlkb dg Hk` x q o q Q yos Q rw A A

Hkqtcy Hkwfe Hkwi fcuq dhUghA
R

js u`ickyd dkycl cksyr rksfg u l¡HkkjA fciqy ckj efgnsoUg nhUghAA

B

/uqgh le f=kiqjkfj/uq fcfnr ldy lalkjAA lglckgqHkqt NsnfugkjkA

L

ijlq fcyksoqQ eghioqQekjkAA

YA

û- ij'kqjke osQ Øksf/r gksus dk D;k dkj.k Fkk\

mRrj % lhrk Lo;aoj esa f'ko&/uq"k ij izR;apk p<+krs gq, Jhjke ekrq firfg tkfu lkspcl djfl eghlfdlksjA
O

n~okjk f'ko&/uq"k osQ VwV tkus osQ dkj.k ij'kqjke Øksf/r xHkZUg osQ vHkZd nyu ijlq eksj vfr ?kksjAA
G

gq,A
û- y{e.k us /uq"k [kafMr gksus osQ D;k&D;k dkj.k crk,\
ü- ij'kqjke dh yydkj ij Jhjke us D;k dgk\ mRrj % y{e.k us /uq"k [kafMr gksus ds fuEufyf[kr dkj.k crk,
mRrj % ij'kqjke dh yydkj lqudj Jhjke us dgk gs ukFk] vkiosQ (1) og /uq"k iqjkuk vkSj detksj FkkA (2) Jh jke us mls
fdlh nkl osQ vykok Hkyk vkSj dkSu gks ldrk gS tks f'ko u;k le> dj mBk fy;kA (3) Jh jke dk n`f"V dk
osQ /uq"k dks rksM+ ldrk gS\ mUgksaus Lo;a dks mudk lsod /ks[kk gks x;kA
crk;kA
ü- ^fciqy ckj efgnsoUg nhUgh* dk D;k vk'k; gS\
ý- y{e.k osQ O;aX;iw.kZ opu lqudj ij'kqjke us /uq"k osQ mRrj % ^fciqy ckj efgnsoUg nhUgha* dk vk'k; gS fd ij'kqjke
ckjs esa D;k crk;k\ {kf=k; dqy nzksgh gSaA vFkkZr nq"V {kf=k; ifjokjksa ds lcls
mRrj % ij'kqjke us y{e.k dks crk;k fd ;g dksbZ lkekU; /uq"k cM+s nq'eu gSa vkSj mUgksaus nq"V {kf=k; jktkvksa dks ekjdj
ugha gSA ;g Hkxoku f'ko dk /uq"k gSA leLr fo'o esa mudk jkT; vusd ckj nsorkvksa dks nku dj fn;kA

10 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN

 ý- ij'kqjke us vius iQjls dh D;k fo'ks"krk,¡ crkbZ gSaS\ chjczrh rqEg /hj vNksHkkA xkjh nsr u ikogq lksHkkAA
mRrj % ij'kqjke us vius iQjls dh fo'ks"krk crkbZ fd mudk iQjlk lwj lej djuh djfga dfg u tukofga vkiqA
vusd ckj {kf=k;ksa dks ekj pqdk gSA blus lglzckgq dh fo|eku ju ikb fjiq dk;j dFkfga izrkiqAA
Hkqtk,¡ dkVh gSaA esjk iQjlk cgqr Hk;adj gSA blds ukn vkSj û- mi;qZDr dkO;ka'k esa dkSu] fdldks lacksf/r dj jgk
Hk; ls xHkZLFk f'k'kq Hkh e`R;q dks izkIr gks tkrs gSaA gS\
(III) fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k è;kuiwoZd if<, rFkk ml ij mRrj % eqfuoj ij'kqjke eqfu fo'okfe=k dks lacksf/r dj jgs gSaA
vkèkkfjr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k, µ ü- ij'kqjke fdlosQ izfr viuk jks"k izdV dj jgs gSa\
y[ku dgsm eqfu lqtlq rqEgkjkA rqEgfg vNr dks cjuS ikjkAA mRrj % ij'kqjke y{e.k osQ izfr viuk jks"k izdV dj jgs gSaA
ý- ij'kqjke us oqQy dk ?kkrd fdls dgk\
vius eqgq¡ rqEg vkifu djuhA ckj vusd Hkk¡fr cgq cjuhAA mRrj % ij'kqjke us y{e.k dks oqQy dk ?kkrd dgkA
ufg larks"kq r iqfu dNq dggqA tfu fjl jksfd nqlg nq[k lggwAA þ- y{e.k ;qn~/ohjksa dh D;k igpku crkrs gSa\
chjozrh rqEg /hj vNksHkkA xkjh nsr u ikogq lksHkkAA mRrj % y{e.k dgrs gSa fd ;qn~/ohj viuh ohjrk dk c[kku ugha

AN
lwj lej djuh djfga dfg u tukofga vkiqA djrsA os rks ;qn~/Hkwfe esa viuk tkSgj fn[kkrs gSaA
fo|eku ju ikb fjiq dk;j dyfga izrkiqAA ÿ- ^lwj lej djuh djfga* esa dkSu&lk vyadkj gS\

H
mRrj % vuqizkl vyadkj

AS
û- ij'kqke osQ izfr y{e.k osQ opu fdl Hkko osQ O;atd
gSa\ (IV) fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd if<+, rFkk ml ij

AK
mRrj % ij'kqjke osQ izfr y{e.k osQ opu mudh Øwjrk ds O;atd vkèkkfjr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k, µ
[CBSE 2011 (Term – II)]
gSaA os crkuk pkgrs gSa fd vkius vius firk osQ dgus ij
PR
viuh ek¡ dk flj dkV fn;kA ,slk djosQ vki ekrk firk fcgfl y[kuq cksys e`nq ckuhA
osQ Í.k ls vPNh rjg ls eqDr gks x, gSaA vgks equhlq egkHkV ekuhAA
S

ü- ;q¼ esa 'k=kq dh lkeus ns[kdj ohj rFkk dk;j D;k iqfu iqfu eksfg ns[ko oqQBk:A
ER

djrs gSa\ pgr mM+kou iw¡Qfd igk:AA

bgk¡ dqEgM+cfr;k dksm ukghaA
TH

mRrj % ;q¼ esa 'k=kq dks lkeus ns[kdj 'kwjohj ;ks¼k ;q¼ djrs gSa
ts rjtuh nsf[k efj tkghaAA
viuh ohjrk dk o[kku ugha djrs tcfd dk;j yksx osQoy
û- y{e.k us ij'kqjke ij D;k O;aX; fd;k\
O

Mhax gh ekjrs gSa D;ksafd muesa ;q¼ djus dk lkgl ugha

mRrj % y{e.k us ij'kqjke ij O;aX; fd fd gs Js"V eqfu! vki vius
R

gksrkA dks egku ;ks¼k le> jgs gSa blh fy, vki viuk iQjlk
B

ý- y{e.k ij'kqjke ls iqu% vkRe&iz'kalk djus osQ fy, ckj&ckj fn[kk jgs gSaA ,slk yxrk gS fd vki iwQd eku dj
L

D;ksa dgrs gSa\ igkM+ mM+kuk pkgrs gSA eSa dks oqQEgsM+s dh cfr;k (NksVk)
YA

mRrj % ij'kqjke viuh chjrk osQ ckjs esa vusdckj dg pqosQ gSa blosQ iQy) ugha gw¡ tks rtZuh ns[krs gh ej tkÅ¡xkAA
ckotwn Hkh vkRe&iz'kalk djus ls jQd ugha jgs gSaA blhfy, ü- ^pgr mM+kou i¡wQfd igkjQ*& ls y{e.k dk D;k
O

y{e.k us mlls dgk fd ;fn vHkh oqQN ckdh jg x;k gks vfHkizk; gS\
G

rks og Hkh dg yhft,A Øks/ dks lsddj d"V D;ksa lg jgs mRrj % ^pgr mM+kou iq¡Qfd igkjQ* ls y{e.k dk vfHkizk; ;g gS
gksA fd y{e.k ,d igkM+ osQ leku gSa tcfd ij'kqjke dk Øks/
(IV) fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd if<+, rFkk ml ij vkSj cy&ikSjQ"k ,d iw¡Qd osQ leku ,d de”kksj gok ek=k
vkèkkfjr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k, µ gSA vFkkZr~ ij'kqjke y{e.k dk oqQN Hkh fcxkM+ ugha ldrsA
dkSfld lqugq ean ;sgq ckyoqQA oqQfVyq dkycl fut oqQy ?kkyoqQAA ý- ^oqQEgM+cfr;k dksm ukgha&dk vfHkizk; Li"V dhft,\
Hkkuqcal jkosQl dyaowQA fuiV fujaoqQlq vcq/q vlaowQAA mRrj % ^oqQEgM+cfr;k dksm ukgha* dk vfHkizk; gS fd y{e.k
dkydoyq gksbfg Nu ekghaA dgkSa iqdkfj [kksfj eksfg ukghaAA oqQEgsM+s dh cfr;k vFkkZr~ NksVs iQy osQ leku dksey ugha
rqEg gVdgq tkS pggq mckjkA dfg izrkiq cyq jks"kq gekjkAA gS tks rtZuh fn[kkrs gh ej tk,¡xAs vFkkZr~ os ,sls de”kksj ugha
y[ku dgsm eqfu lqtlq rqEgkjkA rqEgfg vNr dks cjuS ikjkAA gS fd ij'kqjke tc pkgsa rc u"V dj nsaA
vius eqgq rqEg vkifu djuhA ckj vusd Hkk¡fr cgq cjuhAA
ufg larks"kq r iqfu dNq dggwA tfu fjl jksfd nqlg nq[k lggwAA (V) fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd if<+, rFkk ml ij

11 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN

 vkèkkfjr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k, µ gksuk pkgrs gSaA
[CBSE 2010 (Term – II) (VI) fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd if<+, rFkk ml
rqEg rkS dkyq gk¡d tuq ykokA ij vkèkkfjr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k, µ
ckj ckj eksfg ykfx cksykokAA [CBSE 2011 (Term – II)]
lqur y[ku osQ cpu dBksjkA dgsm y[ku eqfu lhyq rqEgkjkA
ijlq lq/kfj /jsm dj ?kksjkAA dks ufg tku fcfnr lalkjkAA
vc tfu nsb nkslq eksfg yksxwA ekrk firfg mfju Hk;s uhosQAa
dVqcknh ckyoqQ c/tksxwAA xqjfjuq jgk lkspq cM+ th osQaAA
cky fcyksfd cgqr eSa ck¡pkA lks tuq gejsfg ekFksa dk<+kA
vc ;sgq ejfugkj Hkk lk¡pkAA fnu pfy x;s C;kt cM+ ck<+kAA
dkSfld dgk Nfev vijk/wA
vc vkfuv C;ogfjvk cksyhA
cky nks"k xqu xufga u lk/wAA

AN
[kj oqQBkj eSa vd:u dksghA rqjr ns m ¡ eSa FkS y h [kks y hAA
lqfu dVq cpu oqQBkj lq/kjkA

H
vkxs vijk/h xq#æksghAA

AS
mrj nsr NksM+k Sa fcuq ekjsA gk; gk; lc lHkk iqdkjkAA
osQoy dkSfld lhy rqEgkjsAA Hk`xq cj ijlq ns [kkcgq eksg hA

AK
u r ;sfg dkfV oqQBkj dBksjsA fciz fcpkfj cpkSa u`iæksghAA
xqjfg mfju gksrsm¡ Je FkksjsAA feys u dcgw¡ lqHkV ju xk<+As
PR
xkf/lw uq dg ân; gfl eqfufg gfj;js lw>A f}tns o rk ?kjfg os Q ck<+ s A A
v;e; [kk¡M+ u mQ[ke; vtgq¡ u cw> vcw>AA vuqfpr dfg lcq yksxq iqdkjsA
S
ER

û- ;gk¡ ^dkSfld* fdls dgk x;k gS\ j?kqifr l;ufg y[kuq usokjsAA
mRrj % ;gk¡ dkSfld fo'okfe=k dks dgk x;k gSA y[ku mrj vkgqfra lfjl Hk`xqcjdksiq ÑlkuqA
TH

ü- fo'okfe=k us ij'kqjke dks ^lk/q* dh D;k fo'ks"krk c<+r nsf[k ty le cpu cksys j?kqoQq yHkkuqAA
O

crkbZ gS\ û- lHkk esa ekS”kwn yksxksa dks y{e.k dh dkSu&lh ckr
R

mRrj % fo'okfe=k us ij'kqjke dks lk/q dh ;g fo'ks"krk crkbZ fd vuqfpr yxh vkSj bl ij jkepaæ dh D;k izfrfØ;k
B

lk/q yksx ckydksa osQ xq.knks"k ij è;ku ugha nsrs vFkkZr~ vki jgh\
lk/q (egkRek) Bgjs vkSj ;g jktoqQekj ckyd gSA vki bls
L

mRrj % y{e.k us ij'kqjke dks izR;qRrj 'kq: fd;k vkSj cksyrs vk jgs
YA

{kek dj nssaA FksA os cM+s NksVs dk Hksn Hkwydj cksy gS czkã.k! nsork
ý- ij'kqjke us y{e.k dks {kek dj nsus dk D;k dkj.k 'kk;n vHkh rd vkidks dksbZ cy'kkyh ijkØeh ;ks¼k ugha
O

crk;k\ feykA vr% vki vius ?kj esa 'ksj cus gq, gSaA y{e.k dh
G

mRrj % ij'kqjke us y{e.k dks {kek djus dk dkj.k crk;k fd os blh O;aX;ksfDr dks lc yksxksa us vuqfpr dgkA bl jke panz
y{e.k dks osQoy fo'okfe=k osQ vPNs 'khy LoHkko osQ us y{e.k dks vk¡[kksa osQ b'kkjs jksdkA
dkj gh {kek dj jgs gSa ;fn fo'okfe=k mu osQ lkFk u gksrs ü- jkepaæ osQ oPkuksa dks dfo us fdlosQ leku crk;k gS\
rks os y{e.k dks dnkfi {kek u djrsA mRrj % jkepanz osQ opuksa dks dfo us 'khry ty osQs leku crk;k
4- ij'kqjke us vius LoHkko osQ ckjs esa D;k dgk\ gS D;ksafd y{e.k osQ dBksj opuksa us ij'kqjke osQ Øks/ dks
mRrj % ij'kqjke us vius LoHkko osQ ckjs esa crk;k fd eS gkFk esa c<+k fn;k Fkk vc fd Jh jke osQ e/qj opuks us mudh
rst/kj okyk oqQBkj (dqYgkM+k) j[kus okyk] cgqr Øks/h] Øks/kfXu dks 'kkar dj fn;k vkSj os lg"kZ okil pys x,A
rFkk funZ;h gw¡A ý- y{e.k vkSj ij'kqjke osQ mRrj&izR;qRrj dks fdl rjg
ü- ij'kqjke xqjQ os Í.k ls mÍ.k fdl izdkj gksuk pkgrs dk crk;k gS\ fyf[k,A
Fks\ mRrj % f'ko /uq"k osQ VwV tkus ls ij'kqjke cgqr Øks/ osQ os vkis
mRrj % ij'kqjke xqjQ vijk/h y{e.k dks ekjdj xqjQ Í.k ls eqDr
12 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
 ls ckgj gks jgs Fks vkSj oqQN Hkh cksy jgs FksA muosQ izR;qRrj vfr y?kwRrjkRed iz'uksRrj
esa y{e.k osQ vkt Hkjs opu gou oqaQM esa Mkyh tkus okyh
vkgqfr osQ leku dke dj jgs FksA ij'kqjke osQ Øks/ dks c<+k fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ [CBSE 2011 (Term – II)]
jgs FksA vr% vkgqfr osQ leku dgk x;k gSA vr% muosQ mRrj û- /uq"k rksM+s tkus ij ij'kqjke dh D;k izfrfØ;k gqbZ\
dks gou oqqaQM dh vkx osQ leku dgk x;k gSA mRrj % /uq"k rksM+s tkus ij ij'kqjke cgqr Øksf/r gks x,A os vR;ar
(VII) fuEufyf[kr dkO;ka'k dks è;kuiwoZd if<+, rFkk ml ij Øksf/r gksdj cksys fd ftlus Hkh bl f'ko/uq"k dks rksMk+
vkèkkfjr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k, µ gS] og lgL=kckgq osQ leku gh esjk 'k=kq gSA
[CBSE 2011 (Term – II)] ü- ij'kqjke us iQjls dks ysdj y{e.k dks D;k psrkouh
lqfu dVq opu dqBkj lq/kjkA nh\ [CBSE 2011 (Term – II)]
gk; gk; lc lHkk iqdkjkAA mRrj % ij'kqjke us iQjls dks ysdj y{e.k ls dgk fd mUgksua s vius
Hk`xqcj ijlq ns[kkogq eksghA blh iQjls ls lgL=kckgq dh Hkqtkvksa dks dkV Mkyk FkkA
fciz fcpkfj cpkSa u`iæksghAA mudk ;g iQjlk xHkZLFk f'k'kq dks u"V djus dh {kerk

AN
feys u dcgq¡ lqHkV ju xk<+sA j[krk gSA vr% os lksp&le>dj cksysaA
f}tnsork ?kjfga osQ ck<+sAA ý- ij'kqjke us lsod osQ dkSu&ls xq.k crk,\

H
vuqfpr dfg lcqq yksxq iqdkjsA mRrj % tc jke us vius vkidks ij'kqjke dk lsod crk;k rc

AS
j?kqifr l;ufg y[kuq usokjsAA ij'kqjke us Øksf/r gksdj dgk fd lsod rks og gksrk gS tks
y[ku mrj vkgqfr lfjl Hk`xqcjdksiq o`QlkuqA lsok dk dksbZ dke djsA
c<+r nsf[k ty le opu cksys j?kqoqQy Hkkuq
û- lHkk osQ gk; gk; iqdkjus dk D;k dkj.k Fkk\ AK
þ- fo'okfe=k us ij'kqjke ls D;k izkFkZuk dh\
PR
mRrj % fo'okfe=k us ij'kqjke ls dgk fd os y{e.k dk vijk/
mRrj % ij'kqjke us y{e.k osQ dBksj opu lqudj Øks/ esa vkdj {kek djsa D;ksafd lk/q vFkkZr lTtu dHkh ckyd osQ
mUgsa ekjus osQ fy, viuk iQjlk l¡Hkky fy;k FkkA lHkk esa
S

xq.k&nks"k ugha ns[krsA mls ckyd le> dj {kek dj

cSBs yksxksa dks yxk fd vc os y{e.k dks ekj MkysaxsA lkjh
ER

nsrs gSaA
lHkk gk;&gk; iqdkjus yxhA
ÿ- ij'kqjke dh yydkj ij Jhjke dh D;k izfrfØ;k gqbZ\
TH

ü- y{e.k us ij'kqjke dks NksM+us dk D;k dkj.k ckrk;k\ [CBSE 2011 (Term – II)]
mRrj % y{e.k us ij'kqjke dks NksM+us dk dkj.k ;g crk;k fd os mRrj % ij'kqjke dh yydkj ij Jhjkepanz th 'kkar jgs vkSj osQoy
O

ij'kqjke dks czkãk.k le> dj NksM+ jgs gSA vuqu; fou; djrs jgs vkSj vius e/qj opuksa ls mudh
R

ý- ^feys u dcgq¡ lqHkV ju xk<+s&----------dk D;k vk'k;

B

ozQks/kfXu dks 'kkar djus dk iz;kl djrs jgsA

gS\
ö- ikB esa ij'kqjke us vius fo"k; esa lHkk esa D;k&D;k
L

mRrj % ^feys u dcgq¡ lqHkV ju xk<+s* ls y{e.k dguk pkgrs gS fd

YA

dgk\ [CBSE 2011 (Term – II)]

os ij'kqjke ls Hk;Hkhr ugha gks jgs gSA os Hkh mUgha osQ leku
mRrj % ij'kqjke us vius ckjs esa crk;k fd os cky czg~epkjh gSa vkSj
O

cyoku gSaA ij'kqjke dks vkt rd dksbZ ;ks¼k ugha feyk

vR;f/d Øks/h gSaA lkjk lalkj mUgsa {kf=k;oqQy&nzkgs h osQ
G

blhfy, mudh t; gksrh jghaA ;gk¡ mudh fot; ugha gksxhA

uke ls tkurk gSA mudk iQjlk cM+k gh Hk;kud gSA
4- lHkk osQ vuqfpr dgus ij jke us D;k fd;k\
÷- ij'kqjke us y{e.k dks /edkrs gq, D;k dgk\
mRrj % tc lHkk us y{e.k osQ izR;qRrj dks vuqfpr dgk rks jke us
mRrj % ij'kqjke us y{e.k ls dgk fd] gs nq"V! rwus esjs LoHkko osQ
igys rks vk¡ osQ b'kkjs ls y{e.k dks M¡kVk vkSj 'kkar fd;kA ckjs esa ugha lquk\ eSa ckyd tkudj rq>s ugha ekj jgk gw¡A
mlds ckn vius ljy LoHkko ,oa e/qj opuksa ls ij'kqjke vjs ew[kZ! rw eq>s fujk eqfu (lk/w) le> jgk gSA
dks 'kkar fd;kA mlosQ ckn vius lyj LoHkko ,oa e/qj
opuksa ls ij'kqjke dks 'kkar fd;kA y?kwRrjkRed iz'uksRrj
5- ij'kqjke dk Øks/ dSlk Fkk\
fuEufyf[kr iz'uksa osQ mRrj fyf[k,µ
mRrj % ij'kqjke dk Øks/ gou& oqaQM dh vkx ds leku izcy Fkk
û- /uq"k VwVus ls ij'kqjke brus Øksf/r D;ksa gq,\
tks y{e.k dVq cpuksa ls yxkrkj c<+rk tk jgk FkkA
mRrj % lhrk&Lo;aoj lHkk esa Jhjke tc f'koth dk /uq"k rksM+ nsrs
gSa rc tSls gh ij'kqjke dks irk pyrk gS] os cgqr Øksfèkr
13 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN
 gksdj lHkk esa vkdj dgrs gSa fd ;g dksbZ lkekU; /uq"k ;ksX; ekurs gSaA
ugha gSA ;g Hkxoku 'kadj dk /uq"k gS vkSj iwjs fo'o esa ÷- ^ukFk laHkq/uq HkatfugkjkA gksbfg dsm ,d nkl rqEgkjkAA*
izfln~/ gSA blh dkj.k ;g /uq"k cgqr [kkl gSA vr% mlosQ dgdj jke D;k dguk pkgrs gSa\
rksM+s tkus dh [kcj ls gh os cgqr Øksf/r gq,A mRrj % ij'kqjke vius xq# f'ko dk /uq"k VwVus ls vR;ar Øksf/r gSaA
ü- ij'kqjke dh /edh ij y{e.k dh D;k izfrfØ;k gqbZ\ izLrqr iafDr;ksa osQ ekè;e ls jke ij'kqjke ls dguk pkgrs
gSa fd vkiosQ xq# dk /uq"k eSaus rksM+k gSA vkidk nks"kh eSa gw¡A
mRrj % ij'kqjke osQ Øks/ vkSj /edh lqudj y{e.k us g¡ldj dgk
vki eq>s vkKk nhft, eSa ,slk D;k d:¡ ftlls vkidk
fd muosQ dBksj opu ls os Hk;Hkhr ugha gks jgs gSaA cfYd Øks/ 'kkar gks tk,A
vius oqQy dh ijaijk dk fuokZg djrs gq, muls {kek ek¡xrs
ø- lsod lks tks djS lsodkbZA izlax osQ vk/kj ij vk'k;
gSaA D;ksafd muosQ oqQy esa nsork] czkg~e.k Hkxoku osQ HkDr
Li"V dhft,A
vkSj xk; dks ekjus ls iki yxrk gS rFkk vi;'k feyrk gSA mRrj % izLrqr iafDr dk vk'k; gS& lsod rks og gksrk gS tks lsok
blh dkj.k mUgksaus mu ij Øks/ u djosQ muosQ iSjksa iM+us dk dke djsA jke us ij'kqjke dk f'ko/uq"k rksMk+ gS ijarq
dh ckr dghA Lo;a dks os mudk lsod crkrs gSAa rc ij'kqjke dgrs gSa fd

AN
ý- lHkk fdls ckj&ckj vuqfpr dg gk;&gk; dj mBh\ lsod rks lsok dk dke djrk gS] ijarq rqeus rks esjs izHkq dk
mRrj % tc y{e.k ij'kqjke dks ekrk&firk dk ½.k mrkjus dh /uq"k rksM+dj eq>ls 'k=kqrk dk O;ogkj fd;k gSA vFkkZr~ rqe

H
ckr djrs gSa] mlls ij'kqjke vR;ar Øksf/r gksrs gSa vkSj esjs lsod ugha 'k=kq gksA

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viuk iQjlk gkFk esa mBk ysrs gSaA lHkk esa mifLFkr yksx ù- ohjczrh rqEg /hj vNksHkkA xkjh nsr u ikogq lksHkkAA
vfu"V dh laHkkouk ls ^gk;&gk;* djus yxrs gSaA y{e.k iafDr esa dkSu fdlls D;k dg jgs gSa\

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ij'kqjke dks ;g dgrs gSa fd mudks dHkh cyoku vkSj mRrj % izLrqr iafDr esa y{e.k ij'kqjke ls dg jgs gSa fd vki rks
j.koqQ'ky ohj ugha feykA blh dkj.k egkijkØeh cus gSaA ohjozrh (ohjozr /kj.k djus okys) gSa] /hj gSa] {kksHkjfgr
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y{e.k dh ml O;aX;ksfDr dks lqudj yskx ;g vuqfpr gS] gSaA vi'kCnksa dk iz;ksx djuk vkidks 'kksHkk ugha nsrkA
;g vuqfpr gS] dg mBsA ûú- dgsm y[ku eqfu lhyq rqEgkjkA
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dks ufg tku fcfnr lalkjkAA

þ- y{e.k&ij'kqjke laokn osQ vk/kj ij ij'kqjke osQ
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pfj=k ij izdk'k Mkfy,A iafDr esa fNis O;aX; dks Li"V dhft,A
mRrj % tc ij'kqjke ckj&ckj y{e.k dks ekjus dh /edh nsras gSa
TH

mRrj % Hk`xq Js"B ij'kqjke cgqr gh Øks/h LoHkko osQ FksA os rks y{e.k O;aX;iwoZd muls dgrs gSa] gs eqfuoj! vkiosQ
ckyczg~epkjh FksA mUgksua s viuh 'kfDr ls vla[; {kf=k;ksa dk 'khy pfj=k dks dkSu ugha tkurk\ vkiosQ pfj=k dks rks iwjk
O

uk'k djosQ i`Foh ij czkg~e.kksa dk vkf/iR; LFkkfir fd;k lalkj tkurk gSA
R

FkkA lhrk Lo;aoj lHkk esa f'koth dk /uq"k VwVus ls os cgqr ûû- ij'kqjke osQ Øks/ djus ij y{e.k us /uq"k osQ VwV tkus
B

Øksf/r gq, vkSj ml lHkk esa igq¡p x,A osQ fy, D;k&D;k roZQ fn,\ jke&y{e.k&ij'kqjke
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ÿ- y{e.k dk O;ogkj fdruk mfpr Fkk\ ikB osQ vk/ laokn osQ vk/kj ij mRrj nhft,A
YA

kj ij crkb,A [CBSE 2011 (Term – II)] [CBSE 2011 (Term – II)]

mRrj % y{e.k ohj vkSj fuMj gSaA mudh ok.kh dHkh&dHkh mxz gks mRrj % f'ko/uq"k VwVus ij tc ij'kqjke vR;ar ozQq n~/ gq, rks y{e.k
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tkrh gSA ,slk yxrk gS ekuksa os ryokj ls ugha ok.kh ls ;qn~/ us dgk fd Jhjke us rks bls u;k vkSj etcwr le>dj Nqvk
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djrs gSaA tc lkeus okyk ;ksn~/k Hkh opuksa osQ otz ekjrk Fkk] ;g rks cgqr iqjkuk vkSj ttZj jgk] rHkh rks Jhjke osQ
gS] rc y{e.k Hkh opuksa ls O;aX;&izgkj djrs gSaA var esa gkFk yxkrs gh og VwV x;kA fiQj blesa mudk D;k nks"k\
y{e.k mxzrk ,oa Øks/ dh lhek yk¡?k tkrs gSa vkSj ij'kqjke nwljh ckr y{e.k us ;g dgh fd cpiu esa geus u tkus
dks oqQN vuqfpr 'kCn cksy tkrs gSaA viuh mez vkSj lekt fdruh ,slh /uqfg;k¡ rksM+h gSa] rc rks vki Øksf/r ugha gq,A
dk [k;ky Hkh Hkwy tkrs gSaA vc blesa ,slh dkSu&lh fo'ks"krk gS fd vki ge ij Øksf/
r gks jgs gSa\ bl /uq"k osQ VwVus ij gesa rks dksbZ ykHk&gkfu
ö- y{e.k dks o/&;ksX; crkus osQ fy, ij'kqjke D;k&D;k
roZQ nsrs gSa\ dh ckr le> esa ugha vkrhA
mRrj % ij'kqjke y{e.k dks ew[kZ vkSj LoHkko ls Vs<+k dgrs gSaA mUgsa ûü- jke vkSj fo'okfe=k osQ LoHkko dh fo'ks"krk,¡ crkb,A
oqQy dk dyad crkrs gq, ;g Hkh dgrs gSa fd bl ij mRrj % jke vkSj fo'okfe=k nksuksa /S;Zoku rFkk lgu'khy gSaA jke
fdlh dk fu;a=k.k ugha gSA ;g vKkuh gSA {kf=k; oqQekj gSA vius dksey rFkk fouez LoHkko ls ij'kqjke dk Øks/ 'kkar
bl dkj.k ij'kqjke dk 'k=kq gSA blus ij'kqjke dh f[kYyh djus dk iz;kl djrs gSaA os Lo;a dks mudk lsod crkrs
mM+kbZ gSA bUgha lc dkj.kksa ls ij'kqjke y{e.k dks o/ osQ gSa rFkk muosQ HkM+dhys LoHkko ls HkM+drs ugha gSAa fo'okfe=k

14 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN

 mnkj LoHkko osQ gSaA os y{e.k dh ukle>h ij ij'kqjke dks ij'kqjke th osQ opuksa dks lgu dj jgs gSaA
Øks/ u djus dh lykg nsrs gSaA y{e.k dks vcks/ ckyd ûÿ- jke us y{e.k dk cpko dc vkSj oSQls fd;k\
dg dj muls {kek djus dh izkFkZuk Hkh djrs gSaA vr% jke mRrj % tc ij'kqjke dh Øks/kfXu dks c<+kus osQ fy, y{e.k osQ
vkSj fo'okfe=k nksuksa mnkj] lgu'khy rFkk /S;Zoku LoHkko O;aX;iw.kZ mRrj vkgqfr dk dke dj jgs FksA rc mudh Øks/
osQ gSaA :ih vfXu dks HkM+drs ns[k j?kqoqQy osQ lw;Z Lo:i Jh jke
ûý- ij'kqjke us viuk Hkqtcy fln~/ djus osQ fy, dkSu&lk y{e.k osQ cpko esa vkxs vk, vkSj 'khry ty osQ e/qj
mnkgj.k fn;k\ [CBSE 2011 (Term – II)] leku vius eèkqj opuksa ls mUgsa 'kkar djus dk iz;Ru fd;kA
mRrj % ij'kqjke th us viuk Hkqtcy fln~/ djus osQ fy, vius ûö- jke dh ok.kh osQ fy, ty dh miek nh xbZ gSA jke dh
iQjls dks fn[kkrs gq, y{e.k ls dgk fd lgL=kckgq dh ok.kh osQ fy, iz;qDr miek dk lkSan;Z le>kb,A
Hkqtkvksa dks dkVus okyk ;g iQjlk xHkZLFk f'k'kq dks Hkh mRrj % jke dh ok.kh dks ^ty le* crk;k x;k gSA blls nksgs esa
fou"V dj ldrk gS] blfy, vius ekrk&firk osQ d"V dks ,d LokHkkfod lkSan;Z mRiUu gqvk gSA ftl rjg ls vkx dks
viuh e`R;q ls er c<+kvksA 'kkar djus osQ fy, 'khry ty dh vko';drk gksrh gS]
ûþ- fdl dkj.k ls y{e.k Øks/ dks jksddj ij'kqjke osQ mlh izdkj Øks/ dks 'kkar djus osQ fy, e/qj opuksa dh

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opuksa dks lgu dj jgs gSa\ vko';drk gksrh gSA vr% ij'kqjke osQ Øks/ :ih vfXu dks
mRrj % ij'kqjke th Hk`xoq qQy osQ oa'kt gSAa mUgksaus ;Kksiohr tusÅ / 'kkar djus osQ fy, ty osQ leku e/qj opuksa dk iz;ksx

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kj.k fd;k gqvk gSA y{e.k osQ oqQy esa czkg~e.kksa ij ohjrk vfr mRre gSA

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ugha fn[kkbZ tkrhA bl dkj.k ls y{e.k Øks/ dks jksddj

I+kQkWjesfVo vlslesaV osQ fy, AK

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fØ;kdyki vkfn 'kCnksa osQ rRle :i crkb,A

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dfork&okpu
^Hkqtcy Hkwfe Hkwi* esa dkSu&lk vyadkj gS vkSj D;ksa\

ikB osQ nksgksa esa fdl Nan dk iz;ksx gqvk gS\
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jkeHkfDr 'kk[kk osQ f'kjksef.k HkDr dfo xksLokeh rqylhnkl osQ

inksa osQ vk/kj ij vè;kid@vè;kfidk,¡ Nk=k@Nk=kkvksa ls xk;u&izfr;ksfxrk
jke osQ opuksa esa dkSu&lk euksHkko gS\
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dk vk;kstu djk ldrs gSaA
vo/h Hkk"kk vkt fdu&fdu {ks=kksa esa cksyh tkrh gS\
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in&xk;u vFkok dkO;&okpu djus ls xk;u&izfrHkk dk fodkl dkydoyq dk D;k vFkZ gS\
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gksrk gSA Nk=k&Nk=kkvksa dk ladksp Hkh nwj gksxkA mudk vkRefo'okl
dksfg] oqQfyl] mfju] usokjs bu 'kCnksa osQ ckjs esa 'kCndks'k esa
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c<+xs kA nh xbZ fofHkUu tkudkfj;k¡ izkIr dhft,A

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in&xk;u vFkok dfork&xk;u osQ fy, è;ku nsus ;ksX; ckrsa —

vkn'kZ xk;u rHkh laHko gS tc vki in vFkok xhr dks igys daBLFk djs]a x`g&dk;Z
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mldk ewyHkko le>sAa fojke&fpg~uksa dk mfpr iz;ksx djrs gq, rky] vè;kid@vè;kfidk d{kk esa Nk=k@ Nk=kkvksa dks ikB ls lacfa /r
y;] xfr] gko&Hkko rFkk Lojk?kkr osQ lkFk xk;u dk vH;kl djsAa fuEufyf[kr dk;Z x`gdk;Z osQ :i esa ns ldrs gSaA

rqylhnkl dh pkSikb;ksa dks daBLFk djsa vkSj muosQ Hkko le>saA
d{kk&dk;Z

lxq.k HkfDr /kjk osQ vU; dfo;ksa osQ fo"k; esa tkudkjh
vè;kid@vè;kfidk d{kk esa Nk=k@Nk=kkvksa ls ikB ls lacaf/r
ekSf[kd iz'u iwN ldrs gSaA tSls izkIr djsaA

iqLrdky; dh lgk;rk ysdj rqylhnkl dh thouh i<+asA

dksfg] Øks/h] dgk] Nfr] lwj] ju] y[ku] opu] Nefg] cpu

15 © GOYAL BROTHERS PRAKASHAN