1

IMPACT OF COVID 19 PANDEMIC SITUATION ON SELECTED

CONSUMER IN THEIR BUYING BEHAVIOR
AT STA CRUZ LAGUNA MARKET

A Research Paper Presented

to the faculty of Laguna
Senior High School
Santa Cruz, Laguna

In Partial Fulfillment of
the Requirements in
Practical Research 2

GUTIZA AUDREI JOANNA JOY S.

MORENO MARY MIA D.
BALAGUER CAMILA O.
S.Y. 2020-2021
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CHAPTER 1

Introduction

“Keep the faith. Many things may never be the same. Learn to adapt, accept

change. It’s not the end. Just a new chapter.” – Jayce Cadence

Rapid growth of cases of Covid-19 has created mass damage all over the

world. To neutralize the expansion of the Corona-virus, schools and universities

were closed, even the retailers' essential products had to close, while supermarkets

remained open. Changes were visible everywhere. However, the government has

taken different moves such as quarantine rules, curfews, and social distancing. The

pandemic causes significant social, political, and economic disruptions like

consumer's buying behavior. Consumer behavior is an important and constant

decision-making process of searching, purchasing, using, evaluating, and disposing

of products. Consumers are reacting to the crisis in a variety of ways. Some feel

anxious and worried, panic-buying commodities. Consumers are more mindful of

what they’re buying. They are now limiting their food waste, consumers are now

spending their money on more sustainable options and for their primary needs. Yet,

some consumers remain indifferent to the others regarding the reaction in pandemic

and are continuing their business as usual, despite the recommendations from

government and health professionals. Furthermore, the behavior in the

supermarkets changed. The pandemic outbreak and its following consequences

have led to changes in consumers also supermarkets dealt with a huge number of

people, empty shelves, and long queues at the market. Customers are only allowed

to enter if they are wearing a mask and face shields, for the protection of every

individual. People started panic-buying water, rice, and frozen goods. Consumers
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are deeply concerned about the impact of COVID-19, both from a health and

economic perspective. People are responding in a variety of ways and have different

attitudes, behaviors, and purchasing habits. People are afraid as they strive to adapt

to a new normal. Fear is running high as individuals ponder what this crisis means

for them, but for more significantly, what it means for their families and friends, and

to the society.

According to (Rubinstein, 2020) Behavior in the supermarkets changed.

During the outbreak of the corona-virus, supermarkets dealt with rushing masses of

people, empty shelves, long queues at the cash registers, and discussions among

customers to get the last products. People started panic-buying water, rice, pasta,

frozen goods, and toilet paper. Supermarket chains and experts from the food retail

sector assured their customers that there would not be a shortage of food.

Nevertheless, even though the corona-virus was already determining everyday life

in some countries, people continued to bulk-buying, panic shopping and there are

still some empty shelves in supermarket aisles as of April 2020.

Consumers have on numerous occasions changed their food buying

behaviors due to various crises. Crises directly connected to food can, however,

cause durable, and sometimes permanent changes to consumer behavior, even

after the crisis is over (Grunert et. Al.,2018). For instance, the Avian Influenza that

spread through the poultry meat market in 2018 changed consumer behaviors

regarding the meat more permanently, in terms of concerns for meat’s origin, since

the crisis had more impact on the consumer buying decision process (Vukasovič,

2018).
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The purpose of this study is to determine the Impact of COVID 19 Pandemic

in consumer buying behavior at the market. As a consumer engages with the

different kinds of situations they experienced in this pandemic they should be aware

what’s the possibilities might happen if consumers continue the change happening

in their behavior in buying necessities in the market. Therefore consumers should be

ready for the possible things that might happen in the market since not all

consumers have enough money to stock all necessities they need.

Researchers aim to determine the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Situation

on Selected Consumer in Their Buying Behavior at Sta. Cruz Laguna Market will

give knowledge and serve as a guide to people who need this study, especially to

the particular consumers involve.

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Now a days consumers attitudes, behaviors and purchasing habits are

changing and many of these new ways will remain post-pandemic.While purchases

are currently centered on the most basic needs, people are shopping more

consciously, buying local and are embracing digital commerce.To manage isolation,

consumers are using digital to connect, learn and buy. Moving forward, we will see

an increase in the virtual workforce as more people work from home and enjoy

doing so.

The COVID-19 pandemic has fundamentally changed the world as we know

it. People are living differently, buying differently and in many ways, thinking

differently. Supply chains have been tested. Retailers are closing doors. Consumers

across the globe are looking at products and brands through a new lens.The virus is

reshaping the consumer goods industry in real time, rapidly accelerating long-term
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underlying trends in the space of mere weeks. Our research indicates that new

habits formed now will endure beyond this crisis, permanently changing what we

value, how and where we shop, and how we live and work.

According to Noel (2019) price and quality are general influences that

influence the influencing factors e.g. price is influencing the attitude and

subsequently the attitude is influencing the buying behavior. Therefore, the

consumers at the market seek for products that are risk-free and have the highest

quality especially when it comes to food items but also cleaning products.

This pandemic has a serious impact on the economies of the nation hinting

towards change in market dynamics. Abe (2020) in her report on ‘Market Trends

and D2C Opportunities in the COVID-19’ observed trends such as from people

raiding grocery store walkways to the cancellation of the world’s most significant

events and mandates for ‘non-essential’ businesses to be temporarily closed to

prevent spread of infection. During the pandemic, people are spending less of their

income on items perceived as nice-to-have or non-essential (such as clothing,

shoes, make-up, jewellery, games and electronics).

When it comes to essential goods, edible products are expected to have an

increased demand and non-edible products shall have a moderate need globally,

thereby decreased demand which includes home care, cosmetics and personal care

products.Sentiment in the stock markets across the world is gloomy. This is

reflected in the frequent crashes in the share markets in all parts of the world.

Financial markets in Philippines are witnessing sharp volatility currently as a result

of the fallout in global markets. The fall is in line with the global benchmark indices
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as the domestic market usually tracks the major global indices and the high volatility

is likely to continue in the near future.

In terms of goods supplied and in respect of which payment has not yet been

made. If the distributor becomes insolvent, it will be crucial that either in the

distributorship agreement or the supplier’s terms and conditions of sale (and

preferably both) that the supplier has retained title to the goods supplied.

In research, price has been found to have a large influence on changed

buying behavior in a recession due to job uncertainty and an unstable economic

environment (Hampson et. Al., 2018). Consumers aimed to focus on cheaper prices

and were more concerned about receiving value for money. Owing to pandemic

consumers become more sensitive to prices. Consumers tend to bought smaller

portions of secondary needs during the crisis because of the decreased capital,

however, buying behavior changed when consumers had more capital.

Part of the Neo-classical micro-economic theory is that consumers always

react to maximize their utilities when buying commodities (Lautzenheiser et. Al.,

2019). Therefore, it is essential for the consumers to have a financial saving

especially for those lower- income households. Hence, it is logic that due to this

pandemic, panic-buying is not an option for those lower-income households who

have limited shopping budgets, they are spending their money for commodities

based on their monthly household income. On the other hand, those with higher

household incomes appear to be more flexible on spending money and to buy all

their luxuries and commodities this quarantine Consumer Buying Behavior refers to

the buying behavior of the consumer. There are different processes in consumer

behavior. Many factors, specification and characteristics influence the individual in

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what the consumer decision making process, shopping habits, purchasing behavior.

Initially the consumers try to find what commodities they would like to consume, then

consumers choose only those commodities that has more value. After selecting the

commodities, the consumers make an estimate of the available money which they

can spend. Lastly, the consumer analyzes the commodities they should consume.

Meanwhile, there are various other factors influencing the purchases of consumer

such as social, cultural, economic, personal and psychological.

The research suggested a model of six key consumer behavior. Every single

threshold level correlates with different consumption levels. The first level is called

the proactive health-minded buying, in which consumers are more focused in buying

products that support their overall commodities and needs for health and wellness,

leading to level number two the reactive health management, where products are

organized and essentials for the virus containment, such hand sanitizer , and

alcohols are prioritized. The next level is level number three, which is called the

pantry preparation

The behavior of consumers changes to have more supply for the household

due to quarantine. Quarantined living preparation is the fourth level in the model by

Nielsen, it includes an increased online shopping behavior. Level number five, the

restricted living, is where the consumers start to have price sensitivity as limited

stock availability impacts pricing in some cases and consumers reduce their

spending’s in luxuries. The last threshold, according to the Nielsen model, is living a

new normal. At this stage, people return to their new daily routines but are more

concern about their health risks, and therefore e-commerce will be popular.
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The last level according to the model is reached when COVID-19 quarantines

lift beyond the country’s most affected hot spots and life starts to return back to as it

was before (Nielsen, 2020).

According to I. Tahir (2020) , Global crisis of COVID-19 pandemic give

severe damage to the world economy and health care, igniting much fear, panic,

and uncertainty among billions of people. As lock downs being implemented in many

places, panic buying has emerged as a reliable feature of the Corona virus

outbreak. Therefore, it is of urgent needs to examine consumers’ panic buying

behaviors during COVID-19 to gain a better understanding of the phenomenon and

to provide managerial insights for policy-makers and marketers alike. In this study,

under the theoretical guidelines of the Stimuli-Organism-Response model and the

Competitive Arousal model, we investigate how in the panic situation created by the

pandemic, external stimuli such as Limited Quantity Scarcity (LQS) and Limited

Time Scarcity (LTS) affect the emotional arousal among people, which in turn

influences consumers’ impulsive and obsessive buying behaviors.

Filipino's have experiencing here the fear in their lives during the COVID-19

Pandemic. Since the new normal will be our new routine until COVID-19 gone it will

be a big adjustment and sacrifices to everyone. Pandemic crisis push everyone to

develop social constructions in facing light in the new normal era. Changes and

efforts to adjust the behavior in all aspect on our life's to the usual or natural habits

of individuals.

In this state every family or people's in different places here in the Philippines

and in every country have experiencing the lockdown that all people should to follow

the protocols to stay in their own house to prevent the highly risks to be infected by

the COVID-19 virus. Lockdown gives big impact to everyone especially in financial
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since there's a lot of businesses are force to close their own businesses because of

financial problem since the consumers are decreases so the owner need to lessen

or remove the workers because of the lack of financial. But then, the owner's came

up with the better options which owners of different businesses open or accepting

online orders with free delivering than is really a big help and accurate in this new

normal situations.

Philippines experience the huge impact of COVID-19 in all aspect, in terms of

work, education, businesses and the way of living. Philippines is also one of the high

number of positive cases in COVID 19. That leads to many protocols that each

individuals need to follow, so by doing the protocols it can prevent spreading and

somehow reduce the number of positive in COVID-19 cases.

COVID-19 gives a lot of changes in everyone's life which everyone has

currently experiencing. One of the COVID-19's impact is the stock prices across the

sectors. COVID-19 also affect the people's productions and life in general which

economies around the world presently facing severe challenges due to COVID-19

Outbreak.

COVID-19 Pandemic Situation on Selected Consumer in their buying

behaviour gives a lot of impacts since it affect the consumers as well as the

suppliers in different aspects in the market which researchers want to study the

impact COVID-19 Pandemic to the Selected Consumer behaviour at Sta. Cruz

Laguna Market.
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THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Corona virus also known as Covid-19 has been an excruciating

affliction all over the. Thus, every human of today’s time are going through different

types of suffering, despite of those various pain people tend to be more wary in

everything they commit. On the other hand, because of the pandemic people

perceiving, human perhaps tend to be affected physically, emotionally and mentally

that causes them to be conscious on what they do and consume, so, it is essential

for the people to be practical on what they are consuming with their own money. In

addition, survival psychology acknowledges that individuals may undergo behavioral

changes due to the occurrence of certain events, including natural disasters,

healthcare crisis (Forbes 2017). The behavioral changes might encompass negative

circumstances of mentality, panic buying, changes to the consumers’ buying

behavior, and consumers’ decision making in terms of purchasing a product

depends on their household capital.

Moreover, according to Besson, 2020, panic buying leads to large quantities

of necessities and medical supplies purchased from vendors and vastly limiting or

even eliminating availability such that individuals and vulnerable groups, including

the elderly or poor, are prevented from accessing them as they would normally do.

Consumers make purchase decisions to maximize expected gains (Wilkie et. Al.,

(2020). Yuen et al. (2020) conducted a research in response to the Covid-19 that

established four key factors causing panic buying: (1) perception, (2) fear of the

unknown, (3) coping behavior and (4) social psychology. They conducted that when

consumers are aware of the probability and aftermath of contracting a disease to be

high, people tend to be more conscious to have a self-protective activities, which

includes panic buying. Hence, panic buying occurs when consumers expecting for
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the commodities or product to be unavailable. Panic buying behavior reflects fear of

the unknown as consumers take their ignorance about crises into behaviors

perceived as comforting and providing security or that alleviate stress. Coping

behavior, including compensatory panic buying occurs when the stress or discomfort

that the consumer feels cannot be brought under their control, as they turn

elsewhere to find control over or stress-relief from other domain. Lastly, social

psychological factors, including social peer that may cause consumer’s buying

behavior as consumers react to the attitude and opinion to the huge communities

and governments to guide their behaviors.

During consumers feel distrust, consumer behavior theories established how

individuals accomplish to have a sense of control through product obtainment and

panic buying. Hence, according to Akerlof et. Al. ,(2018) the household’s capital

shapes consumer behavior and affects the household’s choice of consumption

pattern. Household tend to purchase more when they are high-incomers. On the

other side, household with low capital tend to have limits on what they are

purchasing. Furthermore, research on corona virus will be constructive for

comprehending. This research and the future researches will be essential

establishment for governmental and environmental preparedness for the future

circumstances that may occur, such health crisis and pandemic. Hence, consumers’

buying behavior is always changing in terms of crisis. People perhaps depend on

how much household capital they have to purchase products and commodities that

they need throughout the period that the pandemic is around the globe. Generally,

behavioral changes when consuming shall be partly acquired by own self-control.

So, it is clear that the consumers’ buying behavior occurs when there is crisis such

the impact of Covid-19 pandemic situation.

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CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

This framework presents relevant theories in order to understand the

changed in the consumer buying behavior. Many factors on different level s affect

buying behavior, from broad cultural and social influences to motivations, beliefs,

and attitudes lying deep within humans ( Kotler et.Al., 2018 ).

The conceptual framework of the study was depicted in the form of the

Paradigm 1. The frame shows the correlation and the actual pattern used in the

study.

The first frame shows the independent variables consisting of Job uncertainty

and Supply Of essential goods. Mainly focuses on the uncertainty of jobs, when

pandemic strikes our normal lives, it really affects many of the companies and

business in the country. And due to Covid 19 Pandemic, consumers tend to hoard

the essential goods like for example the alcohols, disinfectant , masks, etc..

The second frame consists of the dependent variables of the study which

consists of the measurable variables. The price of goods and the rate salaries.
INDEPENDENT
VARIABLE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

IMPACT OF COVID CONSUMER BUYING

19 PANDEMIC BEHAVIOR AT STA.
●Job uncertainty CRUZ MARKET

●Supply Of ●Price of goods

essential goods ●Rate Salaries of
Employees

Figure 1. RESEARCH PARADIGM OF THE STUDY

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STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study aimed to know the impact of Covid 19 Pandemic to the Consumer

in their buying behavior at Sta Cruz Laguna Market.

Specifically it sought to answer the following questions,

1. What are the factors that affects the consumers in their buying behavior at Sta

Cruz Laguna Market due to the crisis of Covid 19 Pandemic in terms of:

1.1 Job Uncertainty

1.2 Supply of Essential Goods

2. Is there a significant difference in the ratings of the consumers and the

researchers on the consumer buying behavior in the market as to:

1.1 Job Uncertainty

1.2 Supply of Essential Goods

3. Is there a significant relationship between the impact of the Covid 19 pandemic

situation and consumer buying behavior in the market?

HYPOTHESES

1. There is no significant relationship in the ratings of the consumers and the

researcher on the consumer buying behavior in the market.

2. There is a significant relationship between the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic

Situation and Consumer Buying Behavior in the Market.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The researchers envisioned that this study provides various Advantage and

set of Ideas to benefit the following:

Consumers. This study will help them to benefit in a way, they will be aware

in the Impact of COVID-19 Situation and which they will be more conscious in the
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change that will happened at the market and to their behavior due to the COVID-19

Situation.

Suppliers. This study will help them to be aware what might happened to the

Market and to the pricing of the products as well on their stocks. It will help them

conscious what's the Impact of COVID-19 Situation in their businesses.

Future Researchers. This study will help the future researchers to have a

further knowledge that will benefit them and will be aware to the Impact of COVID-

19 Situation in the Consumer Buying Behavior in the Market and also it will help

them to have a reference in their study.

Community. This study will give them awareness to what's the possible

Impact they might experience in COVID-19 Situation in the Consumer Behavior in

the Market. This study will also help them to prepare to the possible outcome or

possible things they might experience and might happened in the market.

SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This research focuses on the Impact of COVID-19 Situation on the Selected

Consumer in Buying Behavior at Sta. Cruz Laguna Market. This study will get an

Information by using a survey, which there will be a questions that has a connection

to the study. The respondents that will answer the survey are the Selected

Consumer in the Sta. Cruz Laguna Market. The respondents who will have the

survey are approximately thirty (30 ) Selected Consumers at Sta. Cruz Laguna

Market. This research will about to end and will be conducted in the year 2020-2021.
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DEFINITION OF TERMS

Descriptive definitions of pertinent terms related to this study are as follows:

Availability of Goods. It is the number of available goods that is present in

the market during COVID-19 Situation.

Buying Behavior. It is the consumer buying behavior in buying goods in

which their emotions and attitudes affect their buying behavior due to the COVID-19

Situation they experiencing.

Consumer. It is the person who purchased goods and other essentials in

which they exert a time and effort to buy their necessities that they will need and

they will use during the pandemic or COVID-19 Situation.

COVID-19 Virus. It is a type of virus causes by the unknown bacteria that

spread primarily discharge from sneeze or coughs in which to prevent spreading the

COVID 19 virus which people tend to follow different protocols and other safety

measures.

Habits. It is form due to pandemic/new normal or COVID-19 Situation which

their behavior or habits have change which consumers tend to buy more of their

necessities or needs than their wants and also consumer have a new habit of buying

essentials that emerge by the technology which works in Online, so Buying Online

and Online Selling will help consumer to cope up in buying their needs on the New

Normal or this COVID-19 Situation.

Job Uncertainty. It is a job or life of work career of a person that has an

uncertain thing that might happen in the future which is not planned and you're not

aware what might happen to the works of employees due to the COVID-19

Pandemic Situation.
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Time. It is the used number of time in buying goods, essentials and other

necessities during COVID-19 Situation.

Price of goods. It is the current price rates indicated in which the goods and

other essentials have sold with the specific price presented during pandemic.

Rate Salaries of Employees. It is the number of earning rate of every

employees and workers they used to provide the needs to survive their family during

pandemic or COVID-19 Situation.

Work. It is the job or a work which involve the employees and workers

physical and mental effort in which they risk their lives to provide their needs for their

family during the pandemic.

Supply of Essential Goods. It is the number of products in which the

supplies is affecting due to the behavior of consumer in the market during the

COVID-19 Situation.

Transaction of Food Supply. It is the change happened in the process of

buying or purchasing goods and other essentials in the market during COVID-19

Situation.
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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

The section contains the researcher review based from various sources

including books, journals, unpublished materials and internet sources.

Related literature

According to “The Impact of COVID-19 Crisis upon the Consumer Buying

Behavior of Fresh Vegetables Directly from Local Producers. Case Study: The

Quarantined Area of Suceava County, Romania” (L. Tanasă et. Al.,2020) , The

impact of COVID-19 crisis upon the consumer buying behavior of fresh vegetables

directly from local producers as observed 30 days later, after enforcing the state of

emergency in Romania within a well-defined area, namely, the quarantined area of

Suceava. The analysis of the sociodemographic factors on the purchasing decision

of fresh vegetables directly from local producers before declaring the state of

emergency in Romania (16 March 2020). Interpreting the changes triggered by the

COVID-19 crisis on the purchasing intention of such products before and after the

end of the respective crisis. The aim of this scientific investigation relies on

identifying the methods by which these behavioral changes can influence the digital

transformation of short food supply chains.

Based on the book of (L. Tanasă et. Al.,2020) entitled “The Impact of

COVID-19 Crisis upon the Consumer Buying Behavior of Fresh Vegetables Directly

from Local Producers. Case Study: The Quarantined Area of Suceava County,

Romania”. COVID - 19 Pandemic Situation change the consumer buying behavior of

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the consumer wherein they tend to rely on internet or in digital application in buying

fresh vegetables.

According to (Na Hao et. Al.,2020) , “ The impact of online grocery shopping

on stockpile behavior in Covid-19 ” , The Impact of online channels on food stockpile

behavior show that fresh food e-commerce channels are more likely to be

associated with panic stockpile behaviors due to higher likelihood of supply

shortages than offline channels with government assistance in logistic management.

In contrast, community group buy, another format of e-commerce, appears superior

in satisfying the consumer needs and easing the panic buying perception.It suggests

that online channels may have diverse impacts on consumers' panic stockpiling

behaviors during the extreme situations. Online channels need to develop efficient

supply chains to be more resilient to extreme situations and the government shall

recognize the increasing share of the online channels together with traditional offline

channels when implementing supporting policies.

SYNTHESIS (AUDREI)

According to ( S.Fiszman et. Al.,2020) , “ The impact of COVID-19 lockdown

on food priorities Results from a preliminary study using social media and an online

survey with Spanish consumers” , The impact of the COVID-19 health crisis on

people’s interests, opinions, and behaviour towards food. Here, the evolution of

people’s internet searches, the characteristics of the most watched YouTube videos,

and Tweeted messages in relation to COVID-19 and food was studied .Results

showed initial trending searches and most watched YouTube videos were about

understanding what COVID-19 is and how the illness can progress and spread.

When the official statement of a pandemic was released, trending searches in

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relation to food and shopping increased.COVID-19 has been related to the

understanding of the virus, its spread, and health consequences; however, not only

health is being affected. Consumers’ concerns regarding governmental mandated

lock downs, social distancing, displacement restrictions, and their uncertainty about

this pandemic’s extent are changing along with their lifestyles.

SYNTHESIS (AUDREI)

According to ( Mohammad S. Allahyari et. Al.,2020) , “ Impact of COVID-19

on Food Behavior and Consumption in Qatar ” , The government of Qatar took

strong containment measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 with restrictions

on daily living such as social distancing and the closing of businesses and schools.

While these measures are essential to stop the virus spreading, several voices

came to warn of their potential disruptive impact on the Agriculture food system. The

immediate impacts of COVID-19 on Qatari consumer awareness, attitudes, and

behaviors related to food consumption. In order to slow down the transmission of

the virus, the majority of countries worldwide took strong containment measures with

restrictions on daily living such as home confinement, social distancing, temporary

closing of businesses, schools, and universities, and remote working. While these

measures are vital to stop the spreading of COVID-19, several voices came to warn

of their disruptive impact on agriculture food systems and food consumption. While

the direct impacts of the pandemic on primary agriculture should be limited, as the

disease does not affect the natural resources upon which production is based. It is

clear that COVID-19 has revealed the vulnerabilities of global food systems to

shocks and crisis. COVID-19 have already affected agriculture food systems from

producers to processors, and consumers, at different levels , causing an impending

global food emergency. Nevertheless, it is likely that the effects of COVID-19 will
 20

differ from one country to another depending not only on the epidemiological

situation but also, among others, on the level of socioeconomic development. In this

respect, the case of Qatar, one of the richest countries in the world, is particularly

interesting.

SYNTHESIS (AUDREI)

According to (A.Haleem et. Al.,2020) “Effects of COVID-19 pandemic in daily

life”, COVID-19 (Corona virus) have influence daily life and dragging the world

economy down. Thousands of people, either sick or die because of the transmission

of this outbreak that have been affected by this pandemic. Fever, temperature,

cough, bone pain, and respiratory difficulty are the most frequent signs of this viral

infection, eventually contributing to pneumonia. Vaccines are not yet available, since

this is a recent infectious epidemic affecting humans for the first time. But our

government implied safety protocols or steps such as comprehensive hygiene

procedures (e.g. washing hands daily, preventing face-to-face contact, etc.), social

distancing, wearing a mask, and so on. This virus grows region-wise exponentially.

Countries forbid people's meetings to propagate and smash the exponential

curve.1-2 Several countries locking their populations and impose a strict quarantine

to monitor the spread of this extremely communicable disease's damage.

SYNTHESIS (AUDREI)

COVID-19 has affected our daily lives, Industries, disrupted world commerce

and revolutions easily. In order to monitor the transmission of the infection, it is

important to recognize the disease at an early stage because it travels from person

to person quite fast. All governments, health organizations and other agencies are
 21

continuously focused on identifying the cases infected by COVID-19. (Y. Jin et.

Al.,2020)

SYNTHESIS (AUDREI)

According to (Girish Prayag et. Al.,2020) , “ Beyond panic buying:

consumption displacement and COVID-19 ” the shift in consumption that occurs

when consumers experience a change in the availability of goods, services and

amenities to which they are accustomed as the result of an external event, and

which is characterized by the points in space and time where consumption occurs

and by the movements to, from, and between those points, that is occurring as a

result of the effects of COVID-19 on the services sector in the Canterbury region of

New Zealand. Increased spending in some consumption categories confirms

stockpiling behaviors. The hospitality sector experiences a sharp decline in

consumer spending over lockdown. Analyzing the impacts of crises and disasters on

the services sector and consumption displacement, this study provides evidence of

different forms of consumption displacement related to COVID-19.

SYNTHESIS (AUDREI)

A global pandemic of corona-virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents a

significant danger to worldwide public health. To be knowledgeable and to informs

strategies for its control, researchers combine data on demography, contact

patterns, disease severity, and health care capacity and quality. Younger

populations in lower-income countries may reduce the overall risk, but this benefit

occurs invalidated by limited health system capacity coupled with closer inter-

generational contact. Mitigation measures that may delay but do not disrupt

transmission will still result in COVID-19 epidemics quickly overwhelming health

 22

systems, with excess deaths arising from low health care available in lower-income

countries. The countries that have committed suppression to date, lower-income

countries have acted earlier. However, they need to be sustained or triggered more

often in these settings to maintain the health potential available beyond, with related

harmful impacts for these countries' broader health, well-being, and economies.

(P.Walker et. Al.,2020)

SYNTHESIS (AUDREI)

According to ( Dr. F. Castillo,2018) , “ Consumer Buying Behavior: The

Multicultural Influence in the Philippines ” ,As a way of life, Filipino buyers are

remembered for their unique shopping ritual. A strong demonstration of this is a

strong understanding of the products and services offered by Filipino customers.

Filipino buying behavior is influenced by a variety of factors, such as families,

friends, relatives and colleagues. Over the years, modern theory, influenced by

Asians, Americans and Europeans, and the like, has already altered this buying

practice.

SYNTHESIS (AUDREI)

According to ( C.Jasper,2019 ) , “ An Analysis on the Panic Buying of

Filipinos During COVID-19 Pandemic in the Philippines ” ,With the rapid spread of

the global COVID-19 pandemic, fear is reflected in different actions by individuals

around the world.This affects the county's economy, societal ideals, and

psychological stress of the individuals concerned irrespective of the direct

interaction with the infected. This research aims to examine people's panic buying

reactions as well as their understanding of the global problem.During the Filipinos'

panic during the Pandemic COVID-19 in the Philippines. In specific, it Based on

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psychological implications such as anxiety for well being, The intensity of preventing

a scenario that induces anxiety or other problems Unpleasant sentiments, seeking

health reassurance. Likewise, the thinking had a clear feeling and feeling and

Actions taken following the presence of COVID-19 will also be taken and will be

discussed.

SYNTHESIS (AUDREI)

According to ( D. Fuente et. Al.,2020) , “Determinant Factors Affecting

Customer Satisfaction among Filipinos in Lazada Online Shopping during COVID-19

Pandemic ” ,With the rise of online shopping in the Philippines during the COVID-19

pandemic, the buying decision among Filipinos is important to understand.The goal

of this study was to determine the factors in online shopping that influence customer

satisfaction.In the empiric review, 251 Filipinos participated in a valid answer.

Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to validate the measurement model

and to determine the causal relationship in the model. The result showed that the

consumer buying decision was significantly influenced by products/services, pricing,

customers and technology, which also affected customer satisfaction.Surprisingly,

operations have not been established as a predictor of purchase decisions and

customer satisfaction. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) extracted from the

study could support e-commerce platforms and businesses that can lead to a

deeper understanding of the determinants that influence purchase decisions and

customer satisfaction.

SYNTHESIS (AUDREI)

According to ( W. Kriengsinyos, et. Al.,2020) , “ Impacts of COVID-19

Pandemic and Its Lockdown on Global Eating Behavior ” ,The COVID-19 pandemic
 24

and its restrictive policies present severe, unparalleled challenges to the conduct of

human eating.The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and its lockout on the global

interest of consumers in eating behavior and associated factors.In several areas

related to human eating behaviour, the COVID-19 pandemic and its lockdown have

had far-reaching impacts on global issues. Swift steps are important to enhance the

resilience of the food supply chain system, foster and adapt to new normal

behaviour, and mitigate profound negative changes, especially those in high-risk

and vulnerable groups and nutrition groups.

SYNTHESIS (AUDREI)

According to ( S. Armin, et. Al.,2020) , “ The impact of a pandemic on brand

preference in purchasing decisions of food and hygiene products: a COVID-19

perspective ” , All expectations have been met by the unchecked spread of the

COVID-19 pandemic. Nations have closed their borders; the economy is going into

recession, and the global pandemic is suffering around the world. While the impact

of the pandemic can be calculated and projected economically and socially, the

shifts in consumer purchasing behavior are not easily anticipated.As demand for

hygiene goods increased and supply decreased, some of the customers triggered

panic hoarding. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on brand preferences in

buying decisions for hygiene and food products was important for the researchers to

examine.In the sense of the health aspect of the COVID-19 virus, aspects of price,

cost, danger and loyalty were linked to the pandemic. While significant shifts in

preferred brands were not suggested much, due to the pandemic impacting brand

choice, there were major changes in health perception and qualitative demands on

brands.
 25

SYNTHESIS (AUDREI)

According to Yoon et al. (2017); Yuen et al. (2020) panic buying is a behavior

exhibited by consumers where they purchase unusually large amounts of goods

during, or after a disaster, and anticipation of a large price increase or upstream

shortage. It is said that Covid-19 affects the price of commodities due to the

situation, supermarkets and retailers tend to increase their selling prices, and this is

because some industries and companies limit their production, supplies and stocks

due to the shortage of primary source.

SYNTHESIS (CAMILA)

The number of undernourished people could increase by up to 132 million by

the end of the year. Nearly half of the world's 3.3 billion global work forces are at risk

of losing their livelihoods. The pandemic has been affecting the entire food system

and has laid bare its fragility, say experts. As breadwinners lose jobs, fall ill and die,

the food security and nutrition of millions of women and men are under threat, they

say. Those in low-income countries, particularly the most marginalized populations,

are hardest hit, they add. World Health Organization warns that the global economic

and social disruption caused by the pandemic is devastating, especially for the poor

and marginalized. It says the world of work is at risk as a result of the global

pandemic, which has led to a dramatic loss of human life and is threatening the

health of billions of people.(WHO et. Al., 2020).

SYNTHESIS (CAMILA)

Food security, public health, and employment and labor issues, in particular

workers' health and safety, converge. Responding swiftly to the Pandemic, while

ensuring that humanitarian and recovery assistance reaches those most in need, is
 26

critical. Now is the time for global solidarity and support, especially with the most

vulnerable in our societies, particularly in the emerging and developing world. Only

together can we overcome the intertwined health and social and economic impacts

of the pandemics and prevent its escalation into a protracted humanitarian and food

security catastrophe, with the potential loss of already achieved development gains,

says UNICEF. We are happy to help in any way we can in the U.S. and the UK.

SYNTHESIS (CAMILA)

Covid-19 pandemic recognizes as a factor of a high selling price that causes

a consumer to critically think on how to budget the household’s need. A female and

male are opposite in terms of grocery shopping. Males tend to spend less per

shopping trip and spend less time in the store while females are more highly spends

time when shopping and tend to shop more when they saw something that they

want Davies et. Al., (2018).Yet, as stated by Vastani et. Al.,(2019) a price increase

for certain products usually makes consumers more sensitive to the price.

SYNTHESIS (CAMILA)

According to Ang et. Al. (2020) , who studied the financial crisis in Asia,

consumers reduced their consumption and wastefulness in crisis situations as they

become more careful in decision making process by seeking more information about

product before considering buying them. Consumers also bought necessities rather

than luxuries, as they well they switched to cheaper brands. Bought local instead of

foreign brands, and also smaller packages. The changed buying behavior can

change depending on the income and financial stability of consumers.

SYNTHESIS (CAMILA)
 27

Wayan et. Al.,2020. The results of the analysis found that there was a

difference in the supply of consumer goods to Bali from outside Bali and per capita

consumption of the Balinese population in the 1st and 2nd events. The supply of

consumer goods and per capita consumption decrease significantly after the

announcement of the first positive case of Covid 19 and then further decreased after

the Indonesian government declared a national disaster status. The determination of

the status of a national disaster has a greater impact on reducing the per capita

consumption of the Balinese population than the announcement of the first Covid 19

patient.

SYNTHESIS (CAMILA)

According to Crabble (2020) as the news of Covid 19 has grasped the

attention of the world. The supermarkets, usually overflowing with the every

essential item , but rapidly been gone by consumers panic purchase water, frozen

food , bread, toilet papers, and other grocery items. The circulated images of empty

shelves and long queues of consumers on mainstream and social media further

tempted to the people for impulsive buying to purchase and stock up essential and

non - essential items through online and offline stores.

SYNTHESIS (CAMILA)

According to Solomon (2017), a consumer is an individual who identifies a

desire or need, buys a product or service and then goes through the three stages of

the consumption process. However, the role of an individual is changing in different

contexts, for example, if parents buy products for their children, they become buyers

for their children, but the children are still the consumers. Consumer is used as a
 28

term for the individual that consumes a service or product and buyer is the individual

that makes the purchase .

SYNTHESIS (CAMILA)

According to Navaro (2020) in today's global consumer is a very different

creature than consumers characteristics about three decades ago. Some of the key

changing characteristics are well informed and health conscious.

SYNTHESIS (CAMILA)

According to (Manitoba,2020) that the widespread lock downs of the

economy at the onset of the pandemic have prompted panic buying and led to a

short- term spike in demand for long-life staple foods and freezer-safe products,

such as meat cuts, canned foods and cereals. Global Data forecasts that many

categories in the food sector will see gains against the 2020 baseline predictions,

while alcoholic and soft drinks will experience the largest decline in sales as

consumer divert their expenditure from food services and discretionary items to

essentials. The market value of alcoholic drinks in 2020 is expected to fall by 12.5

per cent, compared to the baseline predictions. The impact of COVID-19 on non-

alcoholic drink is mixed. Water is projected to maintain an almost flat position in

2020, compared to the baseline, while carbonates, energy and sports drinks, and

iced teas and coffees will experience a large decline of 10.1 per cent in revenue,

compared to the baseline predictions. In addition, consumer spending on fish and

seafood, and snacks has significantly fallen in the first quarter of 2020, and will

continue to fall. According to Global Data predictions, overall, while the food sector

will see a slight increase of 2.1 per cent, alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks will see a

decline of 7.4 per cent and 6.4 per cent, respectively, against the 2020 predictions.
 29

SYNTHESIS (CAMILA)

Morgeson et al., (2018), we first consider the extent to which recognition of

the COVID-19 pandemic changed job search behavior during the transition period

immediately following the event. Event system theory suggests that events

originating at a higher level (i.e., omnibus context; Johns, 2006, 2017) are likely to

influence behavior across a wider range of contexts. Further, as explained above,

the pandemic has higher event strength (i.e., higher novelty, disruptiveness, and

criticality.

SYNTHESIS (CAMILA)

According to W. Ali, et. Al., (2020) noted that more research on context

(macroeconomic conditions) is needed to provide “deeper and richer insight into the

predictors and moderators involved in job search success” (p. 329). Toward this

end, the goal of this article is to test whether the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic

changed job search behavior (i.e., job applications) over time and, in doing so,

advance a broader understanding of events and transitions in job search.

SYNTHESIS (CAMILA)

The Analysis of Bloom in 2019 (D. Berger et. Al.) also relates to the literature

on ‘uncertainty shocks’ that has followed Bloom (2019). However, whilst much of the

existing literature has emphasized the impact of changes in second moments of

aggregate shocks, we stress the effects of changes in the first moments of job

separation and job finding rates. An interesting aspect of this is that uncertainty is

partially endogenous and counter cyclical.

SYNTHESIS (CAMILA)
 30

SUMMARY OVERALL IN RRL INTERNATIONAL(1 PARAGRAPH)CAMILLA

Evans & Berman (2019) define price as a representation of the value of a

good or service for both the seller and the buyer. Additionally, price of a product or

service is what the customer pays for obtaining it. The price of the product ideally

needs to cover the expenses generated when acquiring and holding the product.

SYNTHESIS (MIA) Done

Sangalang et.al (2017) indicated that impulsive buyers mainly

considered making purchase which depends on the basis of price specials, discount

offers and could make more purchase with the inducement of promotional schemes

offered in the supermarkets. Hence, low-income shoppers can buy a product in a

number of ways to lower the price of the product such shopping discounts, coupons

and other promotions to purchase goods these make them purchase more. In this

time of pandemic it is crucial to make sure that every bit of coins is well-used for

essential goods. When a consumer has the ability to buy new product he/she tends

to buy more when a supermarket offers promo for their product. These promos tend

to be the cause of their consuming behavior. Hence, low-income people prioritize

buying the primary needs needed in their home. Shoppers can also ask for a

discount, it is another way of spending less compared to purchasing products in its

original price.

SYNTHESIS (MIA) Done

Furthermore, consumer buying behavior is greatly influenced by

consumer buying capacity during the Covid-19 pandemic because during Covid-19

pandemic, both the business sector and individual consumers have been adversely

affected. As a result, business community and the people are the hardest hit by the
 31

Covid-19 pandemic because of the downturn of the economy. The buying capacity

of individual people has been undermined because of reduce salaries or the

termination of their employment (A.Futalan,et. Al.,2020). Salary has a huge

influence in shopper’s consuming behavior, that when an employee’s salary affected

adversely their consuming is affected as well. This affects their whole daily situation

especially in payments – food, accommodation, electric and water bills. When a

person's salary is affected it becomes the cause of their buying behavior. Reduced

salaries will affect their shopping power as it is the reason of their survival. Low-

income people tend to have the hard hit of pandemic, as unemployment and

adverse effect hit them. On the other side, high-income people will be affected as

well. Pandemic situation affects everyone adversely though in this instance

consumer and business sectors implements several of strategies to sell and buy

products.

SYNTHESIS (MIA) Done

According to Mamhot et.al (2020) the government is also encourage and

expected to cut income tax that is imposed on each income earning due to Covid-19

pandemic. Cutting income tax to benefit the working-class and middle class will help

many low-income earners improve their purchasing power and their financial

situations during pandemic. Controlling the price of essential products, such as

masks, shields, alcohol and disinfectants, is also highly recommended, because

these products are significant to human survival during Covid-19 pandemic so they

should be affordable by everybody with their money. The encouragement of

Government to cut income tax will massively help the community. As it mentioned

that pandemic caused unemployment, cutting of income tax will help buyers. As

shoppers especially low-income people tend to buy products at low price, this will
 32

affect their buying behavior. In this way, people would have their chance to provide

more goods in their households for this situation. It is important for every family to

cover all the expenses and prioritizing their health in this time.

SYNTHESIS (MIA) Done

A consumer’s occupation and purchasing power is also influence purchasing

decisions and buying behavior. The income level affects what consumers can afford

and the perspective towards money (Solomon, 2017). Food supplies are the most

priority of a household that makes them save their money wisely. Their occupation is

the cause of their survival and source of their income. A high income person tends

to be more flexible in survival as their essential goods are all covered by their

salaries. A person with big salary can afford his/her wants and needs. As for the

low-income people that has low-work they tend to be mindful of what they are

purchasing. In this way, they will be assured that every essential goods that they

need will be purchased. Differences in occupation affect individuals' taste in

shopping due to how they value their salary as a consumer.

SYNTHESIS (MIA)Done

Individuals from lower income groups are probably more interested in buying

products that are necessary to spend money for survival like shopping in

supermarket for groceries than spending on luxury brands or designer clothes.

Shoppers in today’s time they are more cautious in what they need to buy and to not

spend their money in luxury since unemployment and survival this pandemic occurs.

(Hoch et. Al., 2018) Survival is prioritized now considering world's situation. Mask,

disinfectants, alcohol are the crucial needs for a person's safety, these products are

the most valued now as well as food. Consumers are affected based on what they
 33

receive regarding money. Every individual prioritize their survival that they are

making sure that essential goods are all covered by their salary. Luxury brands are

not an option for people with enough money for groceries as unemployment occurs

by the pandemic.

SYNTHESIS (MIA) Done

Shoppers with respectively high income are characterized by an active type

of consumer behavior, and the consumers with low income are characterized by

tolerant or traditional types of consumer behavior (K.Vadim, 2017). A consumer

buying behavior and purchasing decision for a product depends on persons’ monthly

salary. The rich have the ability to purchase more goods than those with enough

money for their everyday living. The traditional types of consumer behavior is when

a shopper is only buys what he/she needs and nothing unnecessary products will be

add to his/her purchase.

SYNTHESIS (MIA)Done

Consumer buying capacity is directly related with income, savings, or other

current assets that they can use. High income earners will have lesser concerns on

selling price, and they are more likely to purchase products which may meet their

wants and expectations (Li, et.Al.,2020). Many people have been temporarily

unemployed during the Covid-19 pandemic which has undermined their buying

capacity to a great extent. Similarly, the employed are also experiencing varying

levels of reduction in their monthly income, but the difference is still apparent

between the employed and unemployed during covid-19 pandemic. Those people

with enough household budgets tend to be a mindful consumer. They spend their

money for needs and not for their wants. As for the high earners, it is not their
 34

primary concern to budget their salary as their finance stability can cover all their

expenses. The higher the income, the lesser their concern is.

SYNTHESIS (MIA) Done

According to Sangalang,et.Al.(2017) their findings specified that monthly

salary significantly influence the impulse buying behavior of the participants. This

implies that income level positively influences on consumers’ impulse buying

behavior. The impulse buying is found as a superior for the consumers who can

afford it. They also studied that the internal factor that has great influence on

impulsive buying of consumers is net monthly income thus they primarily consider

making impulsive purchase which depends on this factor. Impulsive behavior occurs

in a consumer depending on their income level as an internal factor. A shopper

would buy in accordance or his/her finance stability while maintaining budgeting in

practice. Net income plays the role of influence in consuming a product that may

reach their standards for their living. Hence, Covid-19 pandemic situation may or

may noy hinders the impulsive buying of consumer depends on income of a person.

SYNTHESIS (MIA)Done

The higher income that a person can generate, the lesser concerns he or she

may have on making a purchase. So, consumers’ purchasing decisions can be

affected by the amount of money that they can make, and they become cautious on

shopping when they receive lower pays. Because when people experience

uncertainties about their income, they will have a lower willingness to consume or

buy products that exceed their expectations and financial abilities Li, et.al (2020).

The previous studies show that income affects buying behavior of a consumer.

Additionally, income affects the willingness of a buyer. High earners are the one that
 35

has a high standard when shopping vice versa. They can buy products that may

exceed more than they need for their everyday living. This is due to that they can

cover all of what they are buying in the marketplace.

SYNTHESIS (MIA)Done

COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly altered our knowledge of the market.

Individuals are employed, buying, and living in new ways. The supply chain has

been put to the test. Retailers are shutting their doors. Consumers all over the world

are taking a fresh look at products and labels wherein they tend to be more practical

that before.In a matter of weeks, the virus is transforming the consumer goods

market in real time, transforming long-term structural patterns. According to our

findings, new behavior developed during this crisis will last past the crisis,

permanently altering what we prioritize, how or where we shop, and how we actually

live and work is much different than before.Even as the situation worsens, we

should understand what consumer products companies can do now to prepare for

the future by looking at the current changes.(O.Wright et. Al.,2021). Covid-19

pandemic situation occurs that leads to struggles both consumers and business

sectors. Companies should consider being innovative as the current situation

changes timely. The needs of every household changes but the safety goods are

still on their shelves - mask, alchohols and disinfectants. The buying behaviors that

are develop in this time still considering their plans on how to budget and shop

accordingly to their needs - essential goods.

SYNTHESIS (MIA) Done

The COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the lockout and social distancing

mandates, have disrupted customer purchasing and customers buying behavior. 

 36

Consumers are starting to adapt to new situations and develop new behaviors. Such

as a customer is unable to go to the market, the store will come to them. Although

consumers return to old habits, new rules and practices in the way consumers shop

and purchase goods and services are likely to change them. Technology advances,

changing demographics, and creative ways customers have learned to cope with

blurring the lines between work, leisure, and education can all contribute to the

emergence of new behaviors.(J.Res,2020). This circumstance created a new market

strategy for business as well as new way for consumer to shop online. New

consumer practices implemented due to the changes of the world. Creative ways

have been conducted that makes the consumer have a new behavior. Hence, the

budgeting, salaries and jobs are affected it did not become a hindrance for the

people to become innovative. It let the world to be convenient even though it is a

whole new world for every individual.

SYNTHESIS (MIA)

SUMMARY OVERALL IN RRL LOCAL(1 PARAGRAPH)MIA Done

Every individual have experienced Covid-19, plenty changes had been

practice and even in marketplace. Buying behavior is observed in every consumer,

high income earners tend to buy more than usual as the pandemic strike. As for the

low income earners, they consider to shop accordingly to their financial stability

concerning their purchasing power. Occupation and salary influences a person's

purchasing power and brands that they will purchase. Either the two has their own

way to purchase despite their occupation and salary. The only thing that is different

is how they handle their household capital. These behaviors occur in different

situation, in relation of money the more money a person generates the more goods
 37

he/she can buy vice versa. Additionally, despite of this situation, business sectors

tend to be innovative to think of ways on how to sell products as well as buyers.

Consumers develop behavior and strategy on how to purchase their essential

needs. Both sides are being mindful on what they will purchase for their daily needs

to survive in this situation.

Related study

Pandemics, at least in the near run, are expected to have a serious negative

impact on economic activity. The economic loss from a pandemic has been

anticipated by a number of studies. Barro et al. (2020) estimate that the 2.1 percent

death rate during the Spanish influenza pandemic in 1918-1920 would result in

approximately 150 million deaths worldwide, keeping everything else constant.The

authors also find that, on average, the death rate corresponds to a 6 percent drop in

GDP and an 8 percent drop in private consumption (compared to the 7.5 billion

population of the world in 2020). The authors conclude that for the European Union,

a hypothetical global pandemic would lead to a 1.6 percent drop in GDP. 7.5 billion

world population in 2020) during the pandemic of COVID-19.The 2.1 percent death

rate, on average, corresponds to a 6 percent decline in GDP and an 8 percent

decline in private consumption.(D.Grey et. Al. , 2020)

SYNTHESIS (CAMILLA)

The food supply chain is one of the most important sectors of the economy,

according to (S. Aday et. Al.,2020), COVID-19 has been seen to have an impact on

the entire process from the field to the consumer. The severity of the situation must

be realized by each country and the measures should sometimes be tightened or

loosened according to the transmission of the pandemic.As the report states, the
 38

supply chain should also be flexible enough to respond to food supply chain

problems. The report concludes that small farmers or vulnerable people should be

provided with financial support. Food protectionist policies should be avoided to

avoid an increase in food supplies.

SYNTHESIS (CAMILLA)

For many organizations around the world, the COVID-19 pandemic has

changed the business environment and highlighted the importance of being able to

respond, adapt and set up crisis management mechanisms in order to cope with

uncertain conditions.As the acute restrictions and lockdown created many urgent

situations in the early days of the pandemic that required immediate attention, many

businesses have now started to move to a "recovery mode" and have begun

planning for the longer term.The significance of supply chain resilience and risk

management is more apparent than ever, as businesses seek to strengthen

operations and business resilience.(M,Azakir,2020)

SYNTHESIS (CAMILLA)

According to ( V.Reventar,2020), Until infected cases began showing their

dangerous "exponential" development, the national government never took the

threat seriously. The government's immediate reaction was to implement an

Enhanced Community Quarantine because of COVID-19.Private and government

agencies are forced to shut down these policy directives that are still in effect right

now with several "unintended consequences" except for a few exceptions. The

shutdown also affected the manufacturing sector and the agricultural sector. We

also have to deal with perishable products such as vegetables and seafood that,

even with refrigeration, have limited life span.Any segment in the supply chain will
 39

be affected by disruptions affecting the entire chain's integrity. The critical problem is

the capacity of individual "segments" to recover when a disruption happens. The

majority of supply chain experts recommend that the current supply chains be

reconfigured by increasing production and inventory capacity.The goals are to

replenish critical inventories and create cash flow in the system to provide relief to

customers who want to purchase basic products. Two supply chain organization are

recommended to be part of any government policy effort to manage the effects of

COVID-19 on the flow of goods and services.

SYNTHESIS (CAMILLA)

According to (SGS,2020), Food safety is still the primary concern of all

manufacturers, but this should now encompass measures to stop the corona virus.

Normal food handling procedures should be sufficient to combat COVID-19, so long

as social distancing and other measures are followed. One infected employee could

spread the virus to all employees within two weeks, forcing a business to shut. Food

operatives also need to consider the importance of their product. Customers will be

relying on their output and therefore any contingency plan must take into account

the reduction in services from key vendors.

SYNTHESIS (CAMILLA)

According to ( H. Ong et. Al.,2002), COVID-19 has increased human

suffering, undermined the economy, turned the lives of billions of people around the

world upside down, and has had a major impact on the health, economic,

environmental and social sectors.A comprehensive analysis of the impact of the

COVID-19 outbreak on the ecological, energy, social and economic sectors and an

investigation into the global preventive measures taken to reduce COVID-19

 40

transmission.In order to control the spread of the virus, this review found that a 72-

hour delay in collecting and disposing of waste from infected households and

quarantine facilities is crucial. In order for business to be sustainable at the peak of

the pandemic, broad sector by sector plans for socioeconomic growth as well as a

strong entrepreneurship-friendly economy are needed.The socioeconomic crisis has

reshaped energy investment and significantly affected the energy sector, with the

majority of investment activities facing disruption due to restrictions on mobility. It is

expected that delays in energy projects will create uncertainty in the years ahead. In

addressing a pandemic-like situation in the future, this report will benefit

governments, leaders, energy companies and clients.

SYNTHESIS (CAMILLA)

According to ( A. Vancic et. Al.,2020), In the context of the COVID-19

pandemic at the beginning of 2020, a global crisis hit the world. As a consequence,

retailers have witnessed panic buying practices, empty shop shelves, out of stock,

and a huge rise in online sales. Supermarkets, suppliers, marketers, and

corporations all had to respond to the changed purchasing habits of food

consumption by consumers.Beyond panic buying behaviors, by analyzing whether

customer buying behaviour has improved in terms of price sensitivity and perceived

quality within two separate categories of food, meat as well as fruits and vegetables,

since the COVID-19 pandemic.Previous research has demonstrated that price and

quality are two of the most important variables in the consumer decision-making

process, especially the increased sensitivity to prices and the perceived quality of

food products that influence consumers in crisis situations.Over the COVID-19

pandemic, buying behaviour in terms of price sensitivity and perceived quality of

 41

meat, fruits, and vegetables changed. No moderating impact was noticed for

residency.

SYNTHESIS (CAMILLA)

Consumer supply, when confronted with sudden changes in demand, is

prone to oscillatory conduct. The rapid progression of the outbreak of COVID-19 has

triggered raid shops for the infected population and the world at large. The shortage

of crucial items is especially at risk for front line health workers, critical care nurses,

and the elderly. The pattern and consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on panic

buying must be understood. Due to the lockdown of offline shops and limits on

human-human interactions and social engagement, it is much more important to

consider this pattern from an online and social commerce dimension. In order to

describe panic buying in social commerce, we explicitly brought back an almost-

forgotten idea (fear appeal). Following the continuous global spread and challenges

posed by COVID-19 and any related crisis, this study would act as a blueprint and

frontier in marketing and e-commerce analysis around the globe.( N. Kulbo et.

Al .,2020)

SYNTHESIS (CAMILLA)

One of the problems of businesses and government in the past 100 years is

COVID-19. The pandemic's global socioeconomic effect offers an incredible

opportunity to consider the reactions of the service sector to such crises. To the

development of a service management understanding of the COVID- 19 pandemic

frames it within the crisis, disaster resilience literature. The impacts of crisis and

disasters are uneven over space and time. Consumption displacement' illustrates

how consumption is a mechanism that is geographically constituted, characterized

 42

by where consumption takes place and takes place and, they say, by movements to,

from, and between those places. It also recognizes the effect of time and space on

consumption processes and expands marketing experience-based approaches to

consumption, where customer expectations have become dominant.(M. Hall et.

Al.,2020)

SYNTHESIS (CAMILLA)

The retail industry was heavily affected by the limited living conditions in the

region, leading to shop closures and a complete suspension of operations. In the

meantime, some companies rely on e-commerce as a means of delivery to

customers of basic goods and to mitigate the possibilities of closure and job loss. It

is clear that, because of the pandemic, consumer behavior has shifted.Grab Food

Philippines reported during the Luzon lockdown that the earnings of its drivers

increased by 30 percent to 40 percent and revealed that Filipinos order about 20

percent more than average. LazMart, one of Lazada's support weapons, also

reported on that in the first two weeks of the Luzon lockdown

implementation.Dramatically increased demand for shelf-safe goods, rice, instant

noodles, and personal and cleaning products The pulse of consumers is more

concentrated on essentials, so households are more likely to buy things that

encourage simple living rather than luxuries that are not really required during this

pandemic.Such sudden shifts in customer behavior push suppliers to produce more

to meet the rising demand for disinfectant goods and other

necessities. (AVISO,2020)

SYNTHESIS (CAMILLA)
 43

In the past few months, Filipinos have changed their consumer

behaviour.With a presentation by Nielsen Retail Intelligence Managing Director for

Myanmar, Vietnam and the Philippines Patrick Cua, learn about how these changes

and behavioral shifts will affect post-Covid consumption.There have also been

improvements in market activities, as e-commerce sites are being developed by

more and more retailers. All of these have meant that Filipino customers have

started to discover more ways of shopping and explore their multitude of shopping

choices.Filipino market behavior has changed significantly since the start of the

COVID-19 pandemic. With a greater awareness of health and the need to stay at

home, in almost every household, online grocery shopping and food delivery have

become the norm.(P.Cua,2020)

SYNTHESIS (CAMILLA)

According to ( A.Cerezo,2020), The number of people considered healthy to

assemble in a region has fallen from several thousand to a mere handful in the new

standard. It is assumed that the novel corona virus spreads mainly through person-

to-person contact. In order to stop spreading the virus, individuals around the world

have turned to online shopping, a contactable alternative.The i Price Group

analyzed Southeast Asians' buying behavior and found that it has changed

dramatically since the outbreak of COVID-19. In particular, the Philippines'

"hastened" step to the virtual landscape was clear.Cash-based transactions and

brick-and-mortar stores are known to survive in the Philippines, but maybe its

unavoidable adaptation to COVID-19 would allow the digital world of the country to

catch up with its more evolved neighbors in Southeast Asia.

SYNTHESIS (CAMILLA)
 44

According to (Sheth,2020), There is also time shortage as the discretionary

time of the homemaker is now non discretionary due to her employment. This time

shortage has resulted in consumers ordering online and have products delivered at

home. Similarly, vacations are no longer two or three weeks at a time but are more

mini vacations organized around major holidays such as Easter, Christmas,

Thanksgiving, Memorial Day, and Labor Day extended weekends.

SYNTHESIS (CAMILLA)

With lockdown and social distancing, consumers’ choice of the place to shop

is restricted. This has resulted in location constraint and location shortage. We have

mobility shift and mobility shortage.

SYNTHESIS (CAMILLA)

According to A. Butu et. Al. (2020) Short food chain supply (SFSC) systems

provide multiple benefits (of economic, social, environmental, cultural, and health

nature) for people and society as a whole: new job opportunities in the agriculture

food sector at local level, encouraging knowledge transfer, counter-balancing the

effects of population migration or gentrification, supporting the local services and

suppliers by sustaining the stores of small producers and farmers’ markets,

preserving cultural heritage, including promotion of tourism and local gastronomy,

and improving the quality of life by securing access to healthier food.

SYNTHESIS (CAMILLA)

All consumption is location and time bound. Consumers develop habits over

time about what to consume, when and where (Sheth, 2020 et. Al.). Of course, this

is not limited to consumption. It is also true of shopping, searching for information

 45

and post consumption waste disposal. And consumer behavior is highly predictable,

and we have many good predictive models and consumer insights based on past

repetitive buying behavior at the individual level.

SYNTHESIS (CAMILLA)

Ferrer (2020) determined some changes in consumer’s behavior at the

market particularly distinguished irrational and rational consumers at the market of

essential goods. It is confirmed that irrational behavior is characterized by a large

volume of purchased foods products in spite of high prices, which were marked at

the beginning of the quarantined, and short shelf life of the majority of food products.

The rise in the prices of food products was forced by the high demand , growth of

production costs , rise in the dollar, and rapid fluctuation at the foreign currency

market , as well as by actually closed import of many goods.

SYNTHESIS (CAMILLA)

According to Gupta 2019 “’Supply side scarcity’ can arise when the retailer

deliberately controls the supply of the product in the marketplace, i.e., supply is

limited intentionally,”

SYNTHESIS (CAMILLA)

According to H., Baird et. Al.,( 2017),We have sought to follow this tradition

by seeking to understand the effects of COVID-19 (and event strength more

broadly) on job search behavior, to help individuals and organizations better adapt

to a changing world.

SYNTHESIS (MIA)Done
 46

Godinic (2020), As unemployment rate exponentially increases, individuals

are faced with health and economic concerns. Not all society members are affected

to the same extent, and marginalized groups, such as those suffering from chronic

mental illnesses or low-income families cannot afford the downsizing, mass lay-offs

and lack of access to public health services. Unemployment affects family situation

so as the wages that the family member generates. Due to their limited purchasing

power, their health is in risk because they cannot afford the service fees that the

public health organization offers. Additionally, as the unemployment rate increases

the purchasing capability of the people become limited.

SYNTHESIS (MIA)Done

Morten O. Raven(2017) According to his study that households are subject to

uninsurable unemployment risk, price setting is subject to nominal rigidities, and the

labor market is characterized by matching frictions and inflexible wages. Higher risk

of job loss and worsening job finding prospects during unemployment depress

goods demand because of a precautionary savings motive. Lower goods demand

reduces job vacancies and the job finding rate producing an amplification

mechanism due to endogenous counter cyclical income risk. If the demand of goods

decreases it affects job search prospects. Jobs will have fewer openings for

unemployed people. It also affects the households adversely. In this case their

behavior towards money will change. Unemployed people will tend to have less

access in purchasing a product. Unemployment will lead to less power in buying

considering their internal factor that affects their buying behavior.

Based on our findings, unfortunately we have not gathered some articles,

journals sites or magazine in local which is the local review of related literature and
 47

local review of related studies. Some of the researches are not connected to our

study. That is why the researchers decided not to put local and review of related

literature and studies.

SYNTHESIS (MIA)Done

D. J. Barnett 2020 "Populations with social and economic disadvantages are

particularly vulnerable to the impact of food system disruptions,” the authors write.

“In Baltimore, nearly one quarter of households experience food insecurity, meaning

that they have limited or uncertain access to adequate food.” People that are

massively affected by economic downturn due to pandemic food supply are limited.

It is observed that when an economic system is in worse situation, supplies of

essential goods are having disruptions. In this time, consumer's priority is to have

enough supply for their household. It affects them by saving food because

consumers know that essential goods are limited to consume.

SYNTHESIS (MIA)Done

Kotler et. Al.,(2016) indicate that price perception affects a consumer’s

decision to purchase a product the perception of price explains information about a

product and provides a deep meaning for the consumers. When a consumer has

enough money for her needs she tends to not spend money that is not within her

budget also, a shopper tends to buy more when a product is on sale. Businesses

offer different promo such as sale in order for their customer to buy their product.

Hence, consumers are being mindful of that they are purchasing as they consider

their money capacity. Saving money and consuming food supplies are practice in a

household whenever their monthly capital is enough to cover all their expenses. It is

a chance for them to have additional goods when consumer encounters buy-1-take-
 48

1 promo and sales. This becomes beneficial especially for those low-income

earners.

SYNTHESIS (MIA)Done

The shutdown of companies and production activities has brought about a

decline in the supply of goods and services and hence, during the Covid-19

pandemic, prices for a number of consumer goods and services triggered that

results an increased selling price (Levashenko et. Al. 2020). This has also resulted

in disruption in the supply of components used for production to firms and this will

result in higher cost of production for industries. Additionally, there are business

sectors that are shut down due to protocols of government. They implemented

protocol to limit the goods that are not essentials. In this instance, the employment is

affected as well. Due to limited food supply in the community, the price of goods had

been increased. The amounts of products that they purchase are affected that they

need to budget their money in order to buy what they need.

SYNTHESIS (MIA) Done

Due to the shutdown as a result of Covid-19, companies cannot get their

products to the market, hence, the major cause of inflation because the shortage in

supply of goods will bring about scarcity (O. Iwegbu et. Al.,2020) Furthermore, when

selling price increases a low income people tend to find a substitute that is similar to

their desired product to purchase. The strategic decisions of consumer have

develop. In order for those consumers to save money they tend to find different food

brand that has a similar taste of the product. The struggling companies causes short

of supply to the market. It brings limitation for the community to purchase their

commodities for their everyday living.

 49

SYNTHESIS (MIA)

SUMMARY OF RRS INTERNATIONAL (1 PARAGRAPH)MIA Done

The growth of Covid-19 situation brought unemployment. High job loss rate

brought limited supplies of goods and economic downturn. Salary and wages of

workers are affected that lead to limited purchasing power of every consumer.

Nevertheless, consumers practice to ask for discounts and find another shop that

offers the same products but has cheaper price in order to save money. The supply

of goods in low income earners adversely affected, hence they still manage to buy

their needs. Additionally, due to safety protocols, some organizations shuts down

their business because Government implemented safety protocols that only the

essential goods have the ability to be on market.

Done

In Dr. Castillo F. (2018) study revealed that one of the common denominators

of behavior pattern of Filipino consumers is that they look for alternative brands and

comparing the prices then weighs things. They want products that will last even if

the product is expensive. They believe that in the long run, they will save a lot than

buying more cheaply or alternative things as compared to the original. A consumer

should be practical, especially consumer goods started to became expensive and

therefore customer looks for value of money in all aspects. Filipino consumers are

observant on products, they weigh and analyze if the product is worth the cause. In

this way, they can ensure themselves that they manage their finance well. Valuing

the of price of the product are crucial, especially if a product are expensive and is

not worth the cost. This behavior occurs depend on their monthly earn, if they are a

high income earners they tend to care less, vice versa.

 50

SYNTHESIS (MIA) Done

Nielsen’s (2017), Philippine Shopper Trends Report revealed affordability as

the key driver of new product purchase for Filipino consumers, followed by

convenience and personal recommendation. Filipino shoppers have said that they

like new products or emerging products that are “centered on affordability, health

and sustainability, and convenience as important considerations.” Local buyers

manage their money and purchasing products depends on their capability whether

they can afford it or not. As covid-19 strikes worldwide, being price cautious is

crucial as it is a way to save money to buy more products. Also, local shoppers

consider the convenience while consuming the product and not only the price.

SYNTHESIS (MIA) Done

In terms of price of goods, a typical Filipino will still buy things they want as

long as it is within their budget. (Dr. Castillo F. 2018). Even if the product is not in

their favorite store, this will not discourage them to look and find another shop. As

consumers develop their strategy in purchasing, it is possible for them to search for

another shop in order for them to find substitute product. They tend to budget their

household capital effectively, in this way limitation to their purchasing power will be

prevented. Low price essentials are the priority of low earners, it is because they

believe that prioritizing their supply for survival is the most important compared to

perspective of high income earners.

SYNTHESIS (MIA) Done

According Chand (2017) normally, the higher the income level, the higher is

the level of spending and vice versa. Also, there are three different social classes in

our society. They are upper class, middle class and lower class. These three social
 51

classes differ in their buying behavior. Upper class consumers want high-class

goods to maintain their status in the society. Middle class consumer purchase

carefully and collect information to compare different procedures in the same line

and lower class consumers buy on impulse. Hence, marketing managers are

required to study carefully the relationship between social classes and their

consumption pattern take appropriate measures to appeal to the people of those

social classes for whom those products are meant (Chandan 2019). Buying

behavior differs depending on what the consumer's class. Salary influences buying

behavior of a consumer, their taste and how they are cautious about the price. Thus,

every consumer considers their power in purchasing and needs based on how much

money they generate. The higher the salary, the luxurious product they are buying.

SYNTHESIS (MIA) Done

In Siochi et.al (2017) findings specified that income is significantly influence

the impulse buying behavior of the participants. This implies that income level

positively influences on consumers’ impulse buying behavior. The impulse buying is

found as a superior for the consumers who can afford it. Having an impulsive

behavior is influenced by salary, these earners has more access to commodities. It

is because their salary exceeds their needs. Also, they tend to have more purchase

in luxury brands compared to low-income earners or known as in lower class. Lower

class people are only focuses on how their day will end with their expenses are all

covered.

SYNTHESIS (MIA) Done

Purchase involvement and search behavior are linked to demographic

characteristics of the consumer and his or her household. Furthermore, they

 52

suggested that other factors such as marital status, age, education and income of

the consumer are closely related to purchase involvement and search. High

involvement and the need to plan the shopping activity tend to support epistemic

search strategies and planned purchase (Salama et. Al., 2018). Internal factors

influence a person's behavior in terms of purchasing. As these factors are influential,

consumers expect themselves to have food on their shelves to survive in this whole

pandemic situation. Their shopping activities are depends on their perspective and

base on how much they need essential goods for their everyday living.

SYNTHESIS (MIA)Done

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a great deal of financial pressure on

people across the world. The Majority of the respondents’ monthly income has been

reduced, which means that the purchasing power of the people is being affected

during the COVID-19 pandemic (Li, J. et.al 2020). As unemployment occurs today

due to pandemic, economic growth have been affected as well. Job loss leads to

limited supplies of goods. Also the purchasing power is affected by unemployed

people. Government implemented safety protocols due to this job loss occurs, it

makes people to be anxious because their salary that they expected to be spend for

commodities is adversely affected.

SYNTHESIS (MIA) Done

According to Gutierrez (2004) family income is another constraint to search

behavior. Households with less income are more likely to spend less time on

shopping. Because the level of income that consumers earn has direct influence on

their buying behavior, so the more consumers earn, the greater possibility that they

will step up their purchasing activities (Mamhot, et.al. 2020). Either in physical or
 53

online store, those people who have more access to market tend to expend more in

goods. It depends on their monthly salary and price of the product if they will spend

big amount of money or not. Impulsive buying behavior only occurs for people who

has the apability to do that, because low-wage earners are focusing on essential

goods and not to their wants.

SYNTHESIS (MIA)

However, the Covid-19 pandemic has caused a large number of

unemployment across all over the world, as well as Philippines, due to the closures

of businesses. But the financial struggle that people are facing has not stopped

many of them from stocking up products during the Covid-19 pandemic. This is

because people do not want to be left behind with empty resources while seeing

other consumers buying up the shelves. So, pandemic made consumer to be more

practical when spending money for their needs and not for what they want.

SYNTHESIS (MIA)

SUMMARY RRS LOCAL (CAMILLA) ONE PARAGRAPH

 54

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research methodology, which was used in the

entire study. This consists of the research design, population and sampling

techniques, research procedure, research instrument and statistical treatment of

data.

Research Design

This study used one of the quantitative research design called Descriptive.

Descriptive research design is a scientific method which involves observing and

describing the behaviour of a subject without influencing it in any way.The

descriptive research designed was adopted to conduct this study. Which it values is

based on the premise that, through observation, analysis, and description, problems

can be solved and practices improved. Descriptive research produces quantitative

data that defines the state of nature at a certain point in time. Some features and

basic procedures of the different types of descriptive research are discussed in this

chapter.A descriptive research aimed to determine the range and distribution of

certain social characteristics, such as education or training, occupation, and

location, and to find out how certain behavioral patterns or attitudes may be related

to these characteristics.(L.Owen,2000).This method is more than just data collection

because it shows precise means of gathering information to ensure an accurate

measure of the data and protect it from the influence of bias. The said method is

considered as the most appropriate to describe the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic

Situation on Selected Consumer in their Buying Behavior at Sta. Cruz Laguna

Market, which is the focus of the study. Descriptive research is designed to create a

snapshot of the current thoughts, feelings, or behaviour of individuals. They are

 55

used to describe general or specific behaviors and attributes that are observed and

measured.

There are one sources of data in the study. The one researchers used is a

questionnaire designed for the selected consumer in Sta. Cruz Market. This study

used descriptive method to find out the impact of covid-19 in consumer buying

behavior.

Respondents of the study

The research study was conducted through a questionnaire which the

respondents of the study will be the selected consumer in Sta. Cruz Market wherein

there will be thirty (30) in total that came from the different barangay which are five

(5) respondents from Bubukal , (5) respondents from Calios , (5) respondents from

Bagumbayan , (5) respondents from Patimbao,(5) respondents from Gatid, and (5)

respondents from Pagsawitan, Santa. Cruz, Laguna.

Sampling and Techniques

In this study, researchers will use random sampling technique to determine

the sample size. Out of 54,296 consumers in selected barangay, consumers only

obtained 30 sample using the simple random sampling techniques.This research

paper focuses on consumers and their buying behavior during the Covid-19

pandemic situation. The researchers used simple random sampling technique,

Since it fits for the research because this study mainly focuses on those consumer

that are affected by what they are purchasing due to pandemic; the sample size is

30 respondents consumer. The data was collected by questionnaire through internet

and are analyzed using statistical tools. The municipality of Sta. Cruz consists of 26
 56

barangay however; the researchers randomly selected 6 different barangay for the

study.

Table 1 below shows the total of thirty (30) respondents who were

proportionally taken 5 consumers from each barangay in municipality of Sta. Cruz

Laguna. Within the given number of consumers, a sample of five (5) from Barangay

Calios, five (5) from Barangay Bagumbayan, five (5) from Barangay Bubukal, five (5)

from Barangay Patimbao, five (5) from the Pagsawitan and five (5) from Barangay

Gatid.

Table 1 Distribution of Respondents by Barangay

Consumers
Barangay No. of Consumers
Population Included in the Sample
Barangay Calios 9,655 5

Barangay Bubukal 6, 097 5

Barangay Bagumbayan 11,251 5

Barangay Patimbao 8,282 5

Barangay Gatid 9,329 5

Barangay Pagsawitan 9,682 5

Total 54,296 30
 57

Research Procedure

The survey was conducted in the third week, month of February 2021. The

study had questionnaire instrument for the consumers as the researchers’

participants. The online questionnaires were made using applications just like

Google forms and Facebook that were distributed to the respondents though online.

After the Laguna Senior High School Teacher had approved the title, the chapters 1

to 3 were evaluated by the researchers’ adviser, then properly analyzed and

presented to the researchers’ adviser.

After the survey obtained, the results were tabulated, analyzed, and

statistically interpreted.

Research Instrument

In order to determine the Impact Of Covid -19 Pandemic Situation On

Selected Consumer In Their Buying Behavior At Sta Cruz Laguna Market , the

researcher constructs a questionnaire, which was distributed to the selected

consumer .The researchers used questionnaires as the instrument in collecting data

of this study. Primarily, the consumers of different barangay in Sta. Cruz were given

the questionnaires. The questionnaires were aimed to know the effects of Covid 19

Pandemic to the Consumer buying Behavior in Sta. Cruz Laguna Market. Questions

were relating to the various aspects that affects every consumer in buying their

necessity and essential goods in this time of pandemic crisis.

The researchers analyzed and evaluated the survey form of the consumers.

The table below shows the scale from 5 which is the highest with a description of

Always.
 58

Scale Range Description

5 4.21 - 5.00 Always

4 3.41 - 4.20 Often

3 2.61 -3.40 Sometimes

2 1.81 - 2.60 Rarely

1 1.00 - 1.80 Never

STATISTICAL DATA

The data collected from the questionnaire was analyzed by the following statistical

tools;

To measure the descriptive questions as to know the factors affects

consumer in their buying behavior. The mention variable are job uncertainty, supply

of essential goods, rate salaries of employees and price of goods.

Mean and Standard Deviation were also used to measure the factors that

affects the consumers in their buying behavior at Sta Cruz Laguna Market.

T-test were used to measure the ratings of the consumers and the

consumers buying behavior in the market.

And as for the correlation between impact of Covid 19 pandemic and the

consumer buying behavior. The researchers used Pearson products moment of

correlation.
 59

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 64

CURRICULUM VITAE

NAME: AUDREI JOANNA JOY S. GUTIZA

ADDRESS:BARANGAY BUBUKAL STA.CRUZ

LAGUNA

CELLPHONE NO: 09185636161

EMAIL: [email protected]

PERSONAL INFORMATION

Age : 18 years old

Birth Date : September 04, 2002

Place of Birth : Santa Cruz Manila

Civil Status : Single

Citizenship : Filipino

Language : Filipino/English

Religion : Catholic

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Senior High School

Laguna Senior High School (2019-2021)

Junior High School

Governor Felicisimo T. San Luis Integrated Senior High School (2015-2019)

Laguna Sports Complex, Santa Cruz, Laguna

Elementary School

Alabang Elementary School (March 2015)

 65

Alabang Muntinlupa City