The document discusses key concepts related to government and political development in the Philippines. It covers:
1) The purpose and necessity of government is to maintain law and order which is necessary for society to function safely.
2) A government is the group of people that exercise political authority over a political unit or nation, and perform functions for that unit like creating laws.
3) There is a balance between individual interests and community interests - individuals give up some freedoms like paying taxes in exchange for protections from the government. Finding the right balance is an ongoing debate.
The document discusses key concepts related to government and political development in the Philippines. It covers:
1) The purpose and necessity of government is to maintain law and order which is necessary for society to function safely.
2) A government is the group of people that exercise political authority over a political unit or nation, and perform functions for that unit like creating laws.
3) There is a balance between individual interests and community interests - individuals give up some freedoms like paying taxes in exchange for protections from the government. Finding the right balance is an ongoing debate.
The document discusses key concepts related to government and political development in the Philippines. It covers:
1) The purpose and necessity of government is to maintain law and order which is necessary for society to function safely.
2) A government is the group of people that exercise political authority over a political unit or nation, and perform functions for that unit like creating laws.
3) There is a balance between individual interests and community interests - individuals give up some freedoms like paying taxes in exchange for protections from the government. Finding the right balance is an ongoing debate.
The document discusses key concepts related to government and political development in the Philippines. It covers:
1) The purpose and necessity of government is to maintain law and order which is necessary for society to function safely.
2) A government is the group of people that exercise political authority over a political unit or nation, and perform functions for that unit like creating laws.
3) There is a balance between individual interests and community interests - individuals give up some freedoms like paying taxes in exchange for protections from the government. Finding the right balance is an ongoing debate.
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GOVERNMENT AND PHILIPPINE THE NECESSITY AND PURPOSE OF
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT GOVERNMENT
Governments are necessary because they maintain law and order. Laws are CONTENT: necessary for society to function. Life in A. PURPOSE AND NECESSITY OF a society without laws would be unsafe THE GOVERNMENT and unpredictable.
B. DEFINITION When we think of the purpose of
government, we always go back to the C. GOVERNMENT VS STATE preamble of the constitution, which D. FORMS OF GOVERNMENT concisely puts forth the framers’ idea of what government is all about E. DOCTRINE OF SEPARATION OF POWERS AND CHECKS AND BALANCES THE GOVERNMENT SEEKS TO F. PRINCIPLE OF CHECKS AND BALANCE THE INTERESTS OF THE BALANCES INDIVIDUAL WITH THE INTERESTS OF THE COMMUNITY. G. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PHILIPPINES Individuals must give up something, like FROM PRE-COLONIAL ERA TO taxes, to gain the state’s protection. PRESENT One of the most demonstrative policy disputes today is the debate over PURPOSE AND NECESSITY OF THE vaccinations. To what degree should the GOVERNMENT & DEFINITION government mandate individual behavior WHAT IS A DEFINITION OF it believes is in society’s best interest GOVERNMENT? over the protests from individual citizens it claims to protect? the exercise of political authority over the actions, affairs, of a THE GOVERNMENT IS ROOTED IN political unit, people as well as THE POWER OF THE PEOPLE. the performance of certain functions for this unit or body, the As such, the purpose of government is action of governing, political rule to reflect the public will and govern in and administration. the public interest. The question becomes, how does government as an institution determine who represents the public? By providing equitable access to influence government decisions, there is an opportunity for the government to fulfill its purpose of truly serving “We, the People.” CONCLUSION ADVANCE READING: GOVERNMENT VS STATE The government’s most important FORMS OF GOVERNMENT purpose is protection. We, as political DOCTRINE OF SEPARATION analysts, our view of the government is probably more complicated than most OF POWERS AND PRINCIPLES would have. OF CHECKS AND BALANCES
The most important purpose of
government is protection, which includes A state can be distinguished from a national security, personal security i.e., government. The state is the laws that prevent harm & crime and organization while the government is the products & premises are safe. particular group of people, the administrative bureaucracy that controls Our government should also give us the the state apparatus at a given time. best foundation for achieving freedom That is, governments are the means and happiness, but that requires equal through which state power is employed. opportunity and safety. GOVERNMENT IS ONLY AN FOR YOUR REFERENCE: ELEMENT OF THE STATE: A State has four essential elements— PREAMBLE Population, Territory, Government and Sovereignty. Government is only one We, the sovereign Filipino people, element of the State. It is just one part of imploring the aid of Almighty God, the State which acts for the state. in order to build a just and humane society, and establish a These definitions draw attention to the fact that the state has four essential Government that shall embody our elements. These are: (1) population, ideals and aspirations, promote (2) territory, (3) government, (4) the common good, conserve and sovereignty (or independence). The develop our patrimony, and secure first two elements constitute the physical or material basis of the state while the to ourselves and our posterity, the last two form its political and spiritual blessings of independence and basis. democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and GOVERNMENT IS AN AGENCY OR AGENT OF THE STATE: peace, do ordain and promulgate Government is an agency of the State. It this Constitution acts for the state. It is that agency of the State which formulates the will of the state into laws, implements the laws of the state and ensures conformity to the laws of the state. Government exercises power and authority on behalf of the State is Abstract, Government is state. Concrete:
A government agency may be State is a concept, an idea or a name
established by either a used to denote a community of persons national government or a state living on a definite territory and government within a federal organized for the exercise of system. Agencies can be established by sovereignty. State cannot be seen. legislation The state is an abstract idea which has Philippines Government Agencies its concrete basis in a physical territory. The state is also manifest through an Philippines SEC. organizational structure that is referred Philippines DTI. to as the bureaucracy. (a system of Philippines NTC. government in which most of the Philippines SSS. important decisions are made by state Phil health. officials rather than by elected representatives.) Philippines DOLE. TESDA. The barangay is the smallest unit of GOVERNMENT IS ORGANIZED ONLY government in the Philippines. Each BY A PORTION OF THE POPULATION barangay is headed by a barangay OF STATE: captain and barangay assembly, each The whole population is a part of the elected by the citizens of the barangay. State. All the people are citizens of the State. However, government is made by the representatives of the people. Only STATE IS ABSTRACT, GOVERNMENT some people, who get elected act as IS CONCRETE: representatives of the people, form the State is a concept, an idea or a name government of the State. used to denote a community of persons living on a definite territory and Their number is limited to few hundred organized for the exercise of only (In the Philippines, the Constitution sovereignty. State cannot be seen. provides that the House of Government is made by the people of Representatives shall be composed of the State. It is formed by the not more than two hundred and fifty representatives of the people. It has a (250) members, unless otherwise fixed definite and defined organization and by law) In 2022, population for form. It can be seen as a team of people Philippines was 115M PSA exercising the power of the State. EXAMPLE: In India around 5500 MPs This post examines the concepts and MLAs represent the total population of state and government to lay the of around 110M and exercise the ground for understanding political power at the center and in all responsiveness enforced through states of India. transparency MEMBERSHIP OF A STATE IS power of the State. The government COMPULSORY BUT NOT OF exercises only well-defined and limited GOVERNMENT: powers. All people are citizens of the State. They together constitute the population of the What kind of sovereignty does State. Each one normally gets the Philippines have? membership (citizenship) of a state automatically right at the time of one’s The Philippines is a democratic and birth and continues to live life as such. republican State. Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority However, membership of the emanates from them. government is not automatic. No one can be forced to become its part. Anyone can voluntarily seek an election, Sovereignty passed from Spain to the get elected as a representative of the United States in the 1898 Treaty of people and become a part of the Paris. The Philippines continued as a government. Only some persons form U.S. territory until July 4, 1946, when the the government. U.S. relinquished sovereignty and recognized the independence of the What are some examples of citizens Republic of the Philippines. participating in government? TERRITORY BELONGS TO THE Voting in an election and contacting our STATE: elected officials are ways that citizens can participate in our democracy. National Territory means the land, subsurface and waters comprising the What are the various ways in which territory of the country and its exclusive people participate in the process of economic zone. National Territory government? means all the surface area, subsurface, waters and atmosphere comprising the There are many ways in which people territory of the country and its exclusive express their views and make economic zone. governments understand what actions they should take. These include rallies, The State has sovereign ownership and strikes, signature campaigns etc jurisdiction over its territory. State is a territorial entity and territory belongs to it. SOVEREIGNTY BELONGS TO STATE AND NOT TO GOVERNMENT: The government has the responsibility to Sovereignty is the hallmark of the State. preserve, protect and defend the It belongs to the State. The government territory of the State. The laws made by exercises power on behalf of the State. the government are applicable to all It acts on the basis of the sovereignty of parts of the territory of State but territory the State. belongs to the State and not to the government. Sovereignty is comprehensive, absolute, unlimited and all-inclusive supreme What is an example of Philippines and fall of several governments at the territory? national and state levels. The Philippines has claimed many Is administration and government the territories throughout its history. These same? territories include the Spratly Islands, portions of North Borneo, and the The term administration, as used in the Scarborough Shoal context of government, differs according to the jurisdiction under which it operates. In general terms, EVERY STATE HAS UNIFORMLY administration can be described as a FOUR ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS, decision-making body HOWEVER THE FORMS AND FEATURES OF GOVERNMENT DIFFER FROM STATE TO STATE: Each State has a uniform personality with its four essential elements A. FORMS OF GOVERNMENT Population, Territory, Government and Sovereignty. However, governments can A government is the system to be of different forms— Parliamentary or govern a state or community Presidential, Unitary or Federal or a A system of social control under mixture of these. which the right to make laws, and the right to enforce them, is A government can be monarchical or vested in a particular group in aristocratic or democratic or a society. dictatorship. The people can by choice The exercise of political authority change the form of their government. over the actions, affairs, etc, of a But the State exists independently and political unit, people, etc, as well has a uniform character. as the performance of certain functions for this unit or body; the STATE IS PERMANENT, action of governing; political rule GOVERNMENT IS TEMPORARY: and administration. Governments come and go regularly meaning may change from time to time. What makes the Philippine government After every general election the a republic? government changes. It can also The Philippines is a republic with a undergo a total change through an presidential form of government election or even through a revolution. wherein power is equally divided among State is permanent. It continuously lives its three branches: executive, legislative, so long as it continues to enjoy and judicial. sovereignty.
EXAMPLE: India continues to live as a The term "Philippine Republic" refers to
sovereign independent state since 1947. a succession of republics after the However, she has witnessed the rise Philippine Revolution in the Philippines in 1898. A republic is a form of government where the citizens have the the royal family holds the supreme power and they exercise that position of power until they power by voting and electing die. Today, the majority of representatives to make decisions and monarchy governments have govern. transitioned to constitutional monarchies, where the A republican government is one in monarch is head of state but which the people—directly or indirectly only performs ceremonial —are the ultimate source of authority, roles and does not have electing representatives to make laws state power. Example: Great that serve their interests and advance Britain the common good. 4. Communism A communist government FIVE TYPES OF GOVERNMENT system is usually based on a SYSTEMS particular ideology of communism taught by Karl 1. Democracy Marx or Vladimir Lenin. A A democracy can be defined single party or group of as a government system with people usually runs supreme power placed in the communist states. In some hands of the people. It can cases, citizens of a be traced back to as early as communist state are given the fifth century B.C. In fact, certain jobs or life duties in the word democracy an effort to obtain collective is Greek for “people power”. citizenship for the state. 2. Republic In a republic government Examples of communist system, the power also rests states include China, Cuba with the people, as they are and Vietnam. in charge of electing or choosing the country’s 5. Dictatorship leader, instead of the leader In a dictatorship, a single being appointed or inheriting person, a dictator, power. Broadly defined, a has absolute power over the republic is a government state. It is not necessarily system without a monarch. ruled by a theology or belief. It is an authoritarian form of government where one person is in charge of 3. Monarchy enforcing and enacting the In a monarchy, state power is law. Aspects often include held by a single family that military organizational inherits rule from one backing, unfair elections (if generation to the next. In a any) and various human monarchy, an individual from rights violations. A dictator does not usually inherit their power like a monarch does; they either seize control of the state by force or through (usually unfair) elections. Dictators are not held accountable for their actions and thus are free to do as they please, including limiting citizens’ rights.