MONGO DB NOTES

BASIC TO ADVANCE CRISP NOTES

@vaibhavsaini
----------------------------------
| Subtopic: Introduction to MongoDB |
----------------------------------
-- Theory:
-- MongoDB is a NoSQL database that offers flexible and scalable data storage solutions.
-- It follows a document-oriented model where data is stored in JSON-like documents with dynamic schemas.

-- Example:
-- Below is an example of inserting a document into a MongoDB collection.

db.users.insertOne({
name: "John Doe",
age: 30,
email: "[email protected]"
});

--------------------------------------
| Subtopic: MongoDB Data Structures |
--------------------------------------
-- Theory:
-- MongoDB uses collections to group documents, and documents are JSON-like data entries.
-- Each document contains fields, similar to key-value pairs.

-- Example:
-- Storing a blog post as a MongoDB document.

{
title: "Introduction to MongoDB",
content: "MongoDB is a NoSQL database...",
author: "Jane Smith",
tags: ["database", "NoSQL", "MongoDB"]
}

-----------------------------------------------------
| Subtopic: Querying Documents in MongoDB |
-----------------------------------------------------
-- Theory:
-- MongoDB provides a flexible query language to retrieve documents from collections.
-- You can use various query operators like $eq, $gt, $lt, $in, etc.

-- Example:
-- Find all documents where the age is greater than 25.

db.users.find({ age: { $gt: 25 } });

------------------------------------------
| Subtopic: MongoDB Aggregation Framework |
------------------------------------------
-- Theory:
-- The Aggregation Framework allows complex data transformations and analysis.
-- It provides powerful operators like $match, $group, $project, and more.

-- Example:
-- Calculate the average age of users using the aggregation pipeline.

db.users.aggregate([
{ $group: { _id: null, avgAge: { $avg: "$age" } } }
]);

-----------------------------------
| Subtopic: Indexes in MongoDB |
-----------------------------------
-- Theory:
-- Indexes improve query performance by allowing faster data retrieval.
-- MongoDB supports various index types like single-field, compound, and text indexes.

-- Example:
-- Creating an index on the "email" field to speed up email-based searches.

db.users.createIndex({ email: 1 });

-------------------------------------------------
| Subtopic: Working with MongoDB in Node.js |
-------------------------------------------------
-- Theory:
-- MongoDB can be accessed and manipulated in Node.js using a driver like the "mongodb" npm package.
-- The driver provides methods to connect to the database, perform CRUD operations, and more.

-- Example:
-- Connecting to MongoDB using the "mongodb" driver in a Node.js application.

const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;

const uri = "mongodb://localhost:27017/mydb";
const client = new MongoClient(uri, { useNewUrlParser: true, useUnifiedTopology: true });

client.connect(err => {
if (err) throw err;
const collection = client.db("mydb").collection("users");
// Perform operations on the collection...
client.close();
});
----------------------------------------
| Subtopic: MongoDB Atlas |
----------------------------------------
-- Theory:
-- MongoDB Atlas is a cloud-based database service offered by MongoDB.
-- It provides a fully managed solution for deploying, managing, and scaling MongoDB databases.

-- Example:
-- Setting up a MongoDB Atlas cluster and connecting to it using the "mongodb" driver.

const MongoClient = require('mongodb').MongoClient;

const uri = "mongodb+srv://<username>:<password>@cluster.mongodb.net/test?retryWrites=true&w=majority";
const client = new MongoClient(uri, { useNewUrlParser: true, useUnifiedTopology: true });

client.connect(err => {
if (err) throw err;
const collection = client.db("mydb").collection("users");
// Perform operations on the collection...
client.close();
});

--------------------------------------
| Subtopic: MongoDB Security |
--------------------------------------
-- Theory:
-- MongoDB provides various security features to protect data and ensure secure access.
-- These include authentication, authorization, role-based access control, and more.

-- Example:
-- Creating a user with specific roles for a MongoDB database.

use admin
db.createUser({
user: "adminUser",
pwd: "adminPassword",
roles: [
{ role: "userAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin" },
{ role: "readWriteAnyDatabase", db: "admin" },
{ role: "dbAdminAnyDatabase", db: "admin" }
]
});
---------------------------------------
| Subtopic: MongoDB Data Modeling |
---------------------------------------
-- Theory:
-- Data modeling in MongoDB involves designing the structure of documents and collections.
-- It requires considering the application's data access patterns and query requirements.

-- Example:
-- Designing a data model for an e-commerce application.

{
_id: ObjectId("5abc123def45678901234567"),
productName: "Laptop",
price: 1000,
category: "Electronics",
reviews: [
{ userId: ObjectId("..."), rating: 4, comment: "Great product!" }
// Other reviews...
]
}

-----------------------------------
| Subtopic: Aggregation Pipelines |
-----------------------------------
-- Theory:
-- Aggregation pipelines in MongoDB allow multi-stage data transformations.
-- Each stage performs a specific operation on the input documents, creating a pipeline.

-- Example:
-- Using aggregation pipeline to find the average price of products by category.

db.products.aggregate([
{ $group: { _id: "$category", avgPrice: { $avg: "$price" } } }
]);

----------------------------------------
| Subtopic: MongoDB Atlas Security |
----------------------------------------
-- Theory:
-- MongoDB Atlas offers security features like IP whitelisting, encryption, and auditing.
-- It ensures secure access to databases hosted on the Atlas platform.

-- Example:
-- Configuring IP whitelisting for MongoDB Atlas to allow only specific IP addresses to connect.
------------------------------------------------
| Subtopic: Backup and Restore in MongoDB |
------------------------------------------------
-- Theory:
-- Backing up and restoring data in MongoDB is crucial for data protection and disaster recovery.
-- MongoDB provides various tools and methods for creating backups and restoring data.

-- Example:
-- Using the "mongodump" and "mongorestore" tools to create and restore a database backup.

# Create a backup
mongodump --db mydb --out /path/to/backup/directory

# Restore from backup

mongorestore --db mydb /path/to/backup/directory/mydb

-------------------------------------
| Subtopic: MongoDB Transactions |
-------------------------------------
-- Theory:
-- MongoDB supports multi-document transactions to ensure data consistency across multiple operations.
-- Transactions are used when multiple operations need to be executed as a single, atomic unit.

-- Example:
-- Performing a transaction that transfers funds between two bank accounts.

session.startTransaction();

try {
db.accounts.updateOne({ name: "Account A" }, { $inc: { balance: -500 } });
db.accounts.updateOne({ name: "Account B" }, { $inc: { balance: 500 } });
session.commitTransaction();
} catch (error) {
session.abortTransaction();
}

-------------------------------------------
| Subtopic: MongoDB Atlas Monitoring |
-------------------------------------------
-- Theory:
-- MongoDB Atlas provides monitoring and performance optimization tools.
-- These tools help monitor database performance, track queries, and analyze slow-running operations.

-- Example:
-- Using MongoDB Atlas Monitoring to identify and optimize slow queries affecting application performance.
-------------------------------------
| Subtopic: Geospatial Queries |
-------------------------------------
-- Theory:
-- MongoDB supports geospatial data and allows querying based on location.
-- Geospatial queries use indexes to efficiently retrieve documents within a specified geographic area.

-- Example:
-- Finding locations near a specific point using a geospatial query.

db.places.createIndex({ location: "2dsphere" });

db.places.find({
location: {
$near: {
$geometry: { type: "Point", coordinates: [longitude, latitude] },
$maxDistance: 10000
}
}
});

-----------------------------------------
| Subtopic: MongoDB Sharding |
-----------------------------------------
-- Theory:
-- Sharding is a MongoDB feature that distributes data across multiple machines.
-- It helps improve data distribution, scalability, and performance.

-- Example:
-- Enabling sharding for a MongoDB collection to distribute data across multiple shards.

-----------------------------------------
| Subtopic: Aggregation Performance |
-----------------------------------------
-- Theory:
-- Optimizing aggregation performance in MongoDB is important for complex data transformations.
-- Strategies include using appropriate indexes, using the $match stage early, and minimizing data transfer.

-- Example:
-- Optimizing aggregation pipeline to calculate the total sales per product category efficiently.

db.sales.aggregate([
{ $match: { date: { $gte: ISODate("2023-01-01") } } },
{ $group: { _id: "$product.category", totalSales: { $sum: "$amount" } } }
]);
-------------------------------------
| Subtopic: MongoDB Change Streams |
-------------------------------------
-- Theory:
-- Change Streams in MongoDB allow tracking changes to data in real-time.
-- Applications can use change streams to react to changes and updates in the database.

-- Example:
-- Watching for changes to a collection and reacting to inserts using change streams.

const changeStream = db.collection("mycollection").watch();

changeStream.on("change", change => {

if (change.operationType === "insert") {
console.log("New document inserted:", change.fullDocument);
}
});

-------------------------------------
| Subtopic: MongoDB Best Practices |
-------------------------------------
-- Theory:
-- MongoDB best practices include designing schemas for your application's use cases,
-- optimizing queries and indexes, monitoring performance, and ensuring security.

-- Example:
-- Applying best practices like denormalizing data for read-heavy operations and using indexes wisely.

-------------------------------------
| Subtopic: MongoDB Caching |
-------------------------------------
-- Theory:
-- Caching is a technique to store frequently accessed data in memory to improve performance.
-- MongoDB supports caching at different levels, including operating system-level caching and in-memory storage
engines.

-- Example:
-- Enabling the WiredTiger storage engine's cacheSizeGB option to allocate memory for caching in MongoDB.

-------------------------------------
| Subtopic: MongoDB Atlas Serverless |
-------------------------------------
-- Theory:
-- MongoDB Atlas Serverless is a consumption-based pricing model for serverless database hosting.
-- It automatically scales resources based on demand, making it suitable for unpredictable workloads.

-- Example:
-- Creating a serverless MongoDB Atlas cluster to host a database that automatically adjusts resources.
--------------------------------------
| Subtopic: MongoDB Compass |
--------------------------------------
-- Theory:
-- MongoDB Compass is a graphical user interface (GUI) for MongoDB.
-- It provides a visual way to explore, manipulate, and interact with MongoDB data.

-- Example:
-- Using MongoDB Compass to visually build queries and explore data collections.

-----------------------------------
| Subtopic: MongoDB Community |
-----------------------------------
-- Theory:
-- The MongoDB community provides resources, forums, and events for developers and users.
-- It's a place to ask questions, share knowledge, and stay updated on MongoDB developments.

-- Example:
-- Engaging with the MongoDB community by participating in online forums and attending MongoDB events.

-------------------------------------
| Subtopic: MongoDB Licensing |
-------------------------------------
-- Theory:
-- MongoDB has a dual licensing model: the Server Side Public License (SSPL) for MongoDB Server
-- and the Apache License for some of its client tools and drivers.

-- Example:
-- Understanding MongoDB's licensing model and its implications for using MongoDB in your projects.

----------------------------------------
| Subtopic: MongoDB Ecosystem |
----------------------------------------
-- Theory:
-- The MongoDB ecosystem includes various tools, integrations, and services to enhance MongoDB usage.
-- This includes libraries, connectors, and third-party applications that work with MongoDB.

-- Example:
-- Exploring the MongoDB ecosystem by using tools like MongoDB Stitch for serverless applications.

-----------------------------------
| Subtopic: MongoDB Roadmap |
-----------------------------------
-- Theory:
-- MongoDB's roadmap outlines upcoming features, improvements, and directions for the database.
-- It provides insights into the future of MongoDB development.

-- Example:
-- Reviewing MongoDB's official roadmap to understand planned features and improvements.
THANKYOU