NoSql Notes

A NoSQL database may be more suited to projects where the initial data
requirements are difficult to determine.
Schema(SQL) Vs schema less (No Sql)

In an SQL database, its impossible to add data until you define tables and field
types but In a NoSQL database, data can be added anywhere, at any time. Theres
no need to specify a document design.
SQL vs NoSQL Data Integrity
The same data integrity options are not available in NoSQL databases; you can
store what you want regardless of any other documents. Ideally, a single document
will be the sole source of all information about an item.
SQL
NoSQL
insert a new book record
INSERT INTO book (

`ISBN`, `title`, `author`
)
VALUES (
'9780992461256',
'Full Stack JavaScript',
'Colin Ihrig & Adam Bretz'
);
db.book.insert({
ISBN: "9780992461256",
title: "Full Stack JavaScript",
author: "Colin Ihrig & Adam Bretz"
});
Relational data model (SQL) Vs Document data model (Nosql)
update a book record

UPDATE book
db.book.update(
SET price = 19.99
{ ISBN: '9780992461256' },
WHERE ISBN = '9780992461256'
{ $set: { price: 19.99 } }
);
Performance-NoSQLs simpler denormalized store allows you to retrieve all

information about a specific item in a single request. Theres no need for related
JOINs or complex SQL queries.
Projects where SQL is ideal:

logical related discrete data requirements which can be identified up-front
data integrity is essential
standards-based proven technology with good developer experience and support.
Projects where NoSQL is ideal:
unrelated, indeterminate or evolving data requirements
simpler or looser project objectives, able to start coding immediately

speed and scalability is imperative.
Key-Value Stores in NoSQL:
Data is stored in an associative array of key-value pairs. The key is an attribute name, which is
linked to a value. Well-known key value stores include Redis, Voldemort (developed by
LinkedIn) and Dynamo (developed by Amazon).
SQL vs NoSQL: High-Level Differences
SQL databases are primarily called as Relational Databases (RDBMS);

whereas NoSQL database are primarily called as non-relational or distributed
database.
SQL databases are table based databases whereas NoSQL databases are
document based, key-value pairs, graph databases or wide-column stores.
This means that SQL databases represent data in form of tables which
consists of n number of rows of data whereas NoSQL databases are the
collection of key-value pair, documents, graph databases or wide-column
stores which do not have standard schema definitions which it needs to
adhered to.
SQL databases have predefined schema whereas NoSQL databases have

dynamic schema for unstructured data.
SQL databases are vertically scalable whereas the NoSQL databases are
horizontally scalable. SQL databases are scaled by increasing the horsepower of the hardware. NoSQL databases are scaled by increasing the
databases servers in the pool of resources to reduce the load.
SQL databases uses SQL ( structured query language ) for defining and
manipulating the data, which is very powerful. In NoSQL database, queries
are focused on collection of documents. Sometimes it is also called as UnQL
(Unstructured Query Language). The syntax of using UnQL varies from
database to database.
SQL database examples: MySql, Oracle, Sqlite, Postgres and MS-SQL. NoSQL
database examples: MongoDB, BigTable, Redis, RavenDb, Cassandra, Hbase, Neo4j and
CouchDb
For complex queries: SQL databases are good fit for the complex query intensive
environment whereas NoSQL databases are not good fit for complex queries. On a highlevel, NoSQL dont have standard interfaces to perform complex queries, and the queries
themselves in NoSQL are not as powerful as SQL query language.
For the type of data to be stored: SQL databases are not best fit for hierarchical data
storage. But, NoSQL database fits better for the hierarchical data storage as it follows the
key-value pair way of storing data similar to JSON data. NoSQL database are highly
preferred for large data set (i.e for big data). Hbase is an example for this purpose.
For scalability: In most typical situations, SQL databases are vertically scalable. You
can manage increasing load by increasing the CPU, RAM, SSD, etc, on a single server.
On the other hand, NoSQL databases are horizontally scalable. You can just add few
more servers easily in your NoSQL database infrastructure to handle the large traffic.
For high transactional based application: SQL databases are best fit for heavy duty
transactional type applications, as it is more stable and promises the atomicity as well as integrity
of the data. While you can use NoSQL for transactions purpose, it is still not comparable and
sable enough in high load and for complex transactional applications.
For support: Excellent support are available for all SQL database from their vendors. There
are also lot of independent consultations who can help you with SQL database for a very large
scale deployments. For some NoSQL database you still have to rely on community support, and
only limited outside experts are available for you to setup and deploy your large scale NoSQL
deployments.
For properties: SQL databases emphasizes on ACID properties ( Atomicity, Consistency,
Isolation and Durability) whereas the NoSQL database follows the Brewers CAP theorem
( Consistency, Availability and Partition tolerance )
For DB types: On a high-level, we can classify SQL databases as either open-source or closesourced from commercial vendors. NoSQL databases can be classified on the basis of way of
storing data as graph databases, key-value store databases, document store databases, column
store database and XML databases.
NoSQL Database Examples

1. MongoDB
Mongodb is one of the most popular document based NoSQL database as it stores data in JSON
like documents. It is non-relational database with dynamic schema. It has been developed by the
founders of DoubleClick, written in C++ and is currently being used by some big companies like
The New York Times, Craigslist, MTV Networks. The following are some of MongoDB benefits
and strengths:
Speed: For simple queries, it gives good performance, as all the related data
are in single document which eliminates the join operations.
Scalability: It is horizontally scalable i.e. you can reduce the workload by
increasing the number of servers in your resource pool instead of relying on a
stand alone resource.
Manageable: It is easy to use for both developers and administrators. This

also gives the ability to shard database
Dynamic Schema: Its gives you the flexibility to evolve your data schema
without modifying the existing data
2. CouchDB
CouchDB is also a document based NoSQL database. It stores data in form of JSON documents.
The following are some of CouchDB benefits and strengths:
Schema-less: As a member of NoSQL family, it also have dynamic schema

which makes it more flexible, having a form of JSON documents for storing
data.
HTTP query: You can access your database documents using your web
browser.
Conflict Resolution: It has automatic conflict detection which is useful while in

a distributed database.
Easy Replication: Implementing replication is fairly straight forward
3. Redis
Redis is another Open Source NoSQL database which is mainly used because of its lightening
speed. It is written in ANSI C language. The following are some of Redis benefits and strengths:
Data structures: Redis provides efficient data structures to an extend that it is

sometimes called as data structure server. The keys stored in database can
be hashes, lists, strings, sorted or unsorted sets.
Redis as Cache: You can use Redis as a cache by implementing keys with
limited time to live to improve the performance.
Very fast: It is consider as one of the fastest NoSQL server as it works with
the in-memory dataset.

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What are some differences between SQL and NoSQL databases?

What are some differences between SQL and NoSQL databases?

What are some examples of NoSQL databases mentioned in the text?

What are some examples of NoSQL databases mentioned in the text?

A NoSQL database may be more suited to projects where the initial data

requirements are difficult to determine.

Schema(SQL) Vs schema less (No Sql)

INSERT INTO book (

Relational data model (SQL) Vs Document data model (Nosql)

update a book record

Performance-NoSQLs simpler denormalized store allows you to retrieve all

Projects where SQL is ideal:

simpler or looser project objectives, able to start coding immediately

SQL vs NoSQL: High-Level Differences

SQL databases are primarily called as Relational Databases (RDBMS);

SQL databases have predefined schema whereas NoSQL databases have

NoSQL Database Examples

Manageable: It is easy to use for both developers and administrators. This

Schema-less: As a member of NoSQL family, it also have dynamic schema

Conflict Resolution: It has automatic conflict detection which is useful while in

Easy Replication: Implementing replication is fairly straight forward

Data structures: Redis provides efficient data structures to an extend that it is

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