Cu Particles

1.
Introduction Accordingly, this work was undertaken with the aim of

exploring the capability of the PG method for the
Metal nanoparticles are attractive catalysts because of
preparation of CuO/SiO2 catalyst and to see whether
the large surface area of the particles. Nanocatalysis
such a method can yield copper species dispersed and
(in which nanoparticles are used to catalyze reactions)
stabilized by the carrier.
is considered to be a bridge between homogeneous
and heterogeneous catalysis, and the field of Glycerol is a main byproduct in the biodiesel production
nanocatalysis has been very active lately.1–3 Dispersed by transesterification of vegetable oils and animal fats,
copper catalysts have been of great interest due to and large quantities of glycerol become available due to
their good activities and selectivities in a wide range of the rapid development of biodiesel process. Until now,
reactions such as steam reforming,4–6 dehydroge- a great deal of effort has been put toward the
nation of alcohols,7–9 methanol synthesis,10,11 ester utilization of glycerol.24–26 One of the attractive outlets
hydrogenolysis,12,13 reduction of NOx,14–16 oxidation of of glycerol is to produce glycols, especially
CO and hydrocarbons,17,18 and so forth. A wide variety propanediols, by an alternative route involving selective
of methods are used to prepare dispersed copper hydrogenolysis of glycerol (Scheme 1). This process
catalysts, the mos tcommon of which are provides a clean and economically competitive route
impregnation, adsorption, ion- exchange, sol-gel, and for the production of these commercial chemicals from
(co)precipitation. By conventional methods for catalyst renewable glycerol instead of from nonrenewable
preparation such as impregnation, however, petroleum.27–29 Supported noble metals such as Ru, Rh,
inhomogeneous agglomeration of active species at Pt, and their bimetals are well-known as active catalysts
grain boundary of support occurs especially at higher in the hydrogenolysis of glycerol,27,29–33 so these
content, resulting in large-sized particles.19 With the catalysts are extensively investi- gated. Unfortunately,
ion-exchange method, copper species can be stabilized these catalysts often promote excessive C-C cleavage,
by the silica support and lead to a better dispersion of resulting in a low selectivity to propanediols. As a less
copper on the silica support than does the wet expensive alternative, copper-based catalysts have
impregnation method;20 nevertheless, wide use of this been reported to have a superior performance in this
method is restricted because of the low loading due to reaction
the limited terminal -OH groups on the surface of silica.
Although the sol-gel technique offers some advan-
tages in stabilizing the active phase in supported
copper catalyst,15 lower activities were usually
observed due to encapsulation of active phase in some * To whom correspondence should be addressed.
sol-gel catalysts.21 Phone: +86-931-4968089. Fax: +86-931-4968129. E-
mail: [email protected] (J.C.); [email protected] (C.X.).
Herein, we report a simple and convenient method †
usinga precipitation-gel (PG) technique for the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
preparation of silica-supported copper catalyst with ‡
Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences.
highly dispersed nanoparticles. This method involves
the addition of an aqueous NaOH solution to the (1) Shi, F.; Tse, M. K.; Pohl, M.-M.; Brückner, A.;
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precipitate to stabilize the microparticles of the therein.
precipitate and simultaneously form a gel. So this
method is different from the previous deposition– (2) Narayanan, R.; El-Sayed, M. A. Nano Lett. 2004, 4,
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Catal. 1981, 69, 487– 494.
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REFERENCES
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REFERENCES

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1.

Introduction Accordingly, this work was undertaken with the aim of

(7) Marchi, A. J.; Fierro, J. L. G.; Santamar´ıa, J.;

(8) Fridman, V. Z.; Davydov, A. A. J. Catal. 2000,

(9) Chary, K. V. R.; Sagar, G. V.; Naresh, D.; Seela,

J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 9437–9444.

(10) Herman, R. G.; Klier, K.; Simmons, G. W.; Finn,

(4) (11Brands, D. S.; Poels, E. K.; Bliek, A. Appl. Catal.,

M. C.; Nazloomian, J. G.; Staat, L. H. Appl. Catal., A

(6) Chary, K. V. R.; Seela, K. K.; Sagar, G. V.; Sreedhar,

(7) D´ıaz, G.; Pe´rez-Herna´ndez, R.; Go´mez-Cortés,

(8) Bennici, S.; Gervasini, A. Appl. Catal., B 2006, 62,

(9) Park, P. W.; Ledford, J. S. Catal. Lett. 1998, 50, 41–

(11) Takahashi, R.; Sato, S.; Sodesawa, T.; Kato, M.;

(12) Guerreiro, E. D.; Gorriz, O. F.; Larsen, G.; Arru´a, L.

(29) Miyazawa, T.; Kusunoki, Y.; Kunimori, K.; Tomishige, K. J. Catal.

(30) 2006, 240, 213–221.

(31) (30) Lahr, D. G.; Shanks, B. H. J. Catal. 2005, 232, 386–394.

(32) (31) Maris, E. P.; Davis, R. J. J. Catal. 2007, 249, 328–337.

(34) Maris, E. P.; Ketchie, W. C.; Murayama, M.; Davis, R. J. J. Catal.

(35) 2007, 251, 281–294.

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