Nutrional Status of The Community

1.
Nutritional Guide Pyramid by the Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) of Department
of Science and Technology (DOST) helps to guide on how much 1) fats and oils, 2) sugar, 3)
meat and poultry, 4) milk and milk products, 5) vegetables, 6) fruits, 7) rice and rice products
and 8 water or beverages should a Filipino eat in one day.
 Fats, oil, sweets and salt. Fats and oil provide energy and help the body to absorb certain
nutrients. These should be taken in moderation.
 Fish, meat, poultry, eggs and nuts. These are good sources of protein needed for growth
and muscle building. Milk and dairy products are also found in this section, and are good
sources of calcium and other essential nutrients.
 Fruits and vegetables. These are good sources of various vitamins as well as dietary fiber
so individuals should eat more of this.
 Food staples: rice, cereals, potato and corn. These are the main sources of carbohydrates
which provide energy so individuals should eat this most.
 Water and beverages. Water is vital for the body to function. The body must have fresh
supplies every day to perform virtually every metabolic process.
Aside from that, this guide encourages Filipinos to exercise and practice personal and
environmental hygiene for a healthy living. Note that pyramids differ in seven population
groups – toddlers, kids, teens, adults, elderly, pregnant women and lactating women.
2. Discuss the following as a disease (definition/characteristics of the patient) and as effect of

malnutrition:
a.) Kwashiorkor
Kwashiorkor is a form of acute malnutrition that occurs due to protein deficiency.
Kwashiorkor is a serious condition that can happen when a person does not consume enough
protein. Severe protein deficiency can lead to fluid retention, which can make the stomach
look bloated. Kwashiorkor is most common in children, especially if they do not have access
to adequate nutrition soon after they stop breastfeeding. If a child experiences kwashiorkor,
they need immediate medical attention.
Kwashiorkor usually occurs after a child stops breastfeeding, and before they reach 4
years of age. It may occur then because the child is no longer getting the same nutrients and
proteins from their diet. It is most common in areas with low food supplies and high rates of
malnutrition.
Kwashiorkor may occur in areas in which there is a limited food supply or a lack of official
guidance about nutrition. Children with kwashiorkor often have very little body fat, but this is
not always the case. Edema can mask how little body weight a child has. The child may appear
to be a typical weight or even plump, but this appearance is swelling due to fluid, not the
presence of fat or muscle.
b.) Marasmus
Marasmus is a form of severe malnutrition. It can occur in anyone who has severe
malnutrition, but it usually occurs in children. It typically occurs in developing countries.
Marasmus can be life-threatening, but you can get treatment for it. The main symptom of
marasmus is being underweight. Children with this condition have lost a lot of muscle mass
and subcutaneous fat. Subcutaneous fat is the layer of fat just under the skin. Dry skin and
brittle hair are also symptoms of marasmus. In children with marasmus, the following can
also occur: chronic diarrhea, respiratory infections, intellectual disability, and stunted growth
Marasmus can also make children short-tempered and irritable, but this is usually a more
common symptom of kwashiorkor. Nutrient deficiency is the main cause of marasmus. It
occurs in children that don’t ingest enough protein, calories, carbohydrates, and other
important nutrients. This is usually due to poverty and a scarcity of food.
c.) Obesity
Obesity is a complex disease involving an excessive amount of body fat. It is a medical
problem that increases your risk of other diseases and health problems, such as heart
disease, diabetes, high blood pressure and certain cancers.
Obesity is diagnosed when your body mass index (BMI) is 30 or higher. Obesity occurs
when you take in more calories than you burn through exercise and normal daily activities.
Your body stores these excess calories as fat. People with obesity might eat more calories
before feeling full, feel hungry sooner, or eat more due to stress or anxiety. Children's obesity
or malnutrition are frequently associated with lifestyle factors including poor diet and
inadequate exercise. Furthermore, people with obesity are more likely to develop a number
of potentially serious health problems, including: heart disease and strokes, type 2 diabetes,
digestive problems and many more.
References
Nall, R. (n.d.). Why does malnutrition cause stomach bloating? Medical News Today.
Retrieved on March 18, 2021 from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322453
?fbclid=IwAR15MWYGOc38 wu3zOlbTDAkU_mty5vKGZ3EXjenENouZC8oPzz0M
IaxrH2I#symptoms.
Obesity. (n.d.) Mayo Clinic. Retrieved on March 18, 2021 from https://www.mayoclinic.org/dis
eases-conditions/obesity/symptoms-causes/syc-20375742?fbclid=IwAR1RD7jJxJDheJu
WLbC1mdq7cPyacyUvLadxph2xA_hrfXtPy3QUoLFHDH0#:~:text=Obesity%20is%20a%
20complex%20disease,blood%20pressure%20and%20certain%20cancers.
Obesity and Malnutrition. (n.d.). Mentalhelp.net. Retrieved on March 20 from
https://www.mentalhelp.net/middle-childhood-development/obesity-and-malnutrition/.
Roland, J. (n.d.). What You Should Know About Marasmus. Healthline. Retrieved on March
18, 2021 from https://www.healthline.com/health/marasmus?fbclid=IwAR3uEzYYWIaC
7G1aLlvSmoKVA4PWZFfTvkPwhw_ePcEvxEXdZ7HOZ6L6LfY.
Your Guide to Good Nutrition. (2020). GovPH. Retrieved on March 18, 2021 from
https://nnc.gov.ph/regional-offices/luzon/region-iv-b-mimaropa/3662-your-guide-to-good-
nutrition.

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2. Discuss the following as a disease (definition/characteristics of the patient) and as effect of

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