Smart Energy Solutions To Smart Grid Challenges

Smart Energy Solutions to Smart Grid Challenges
by
Nelson Xuntuo Wang
M.B.A. Minor, Harvard University (2019)
S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology (2014)
B.S., General Motors Institute, UMich (2012)
Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer
Science
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
at the
MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
September 2020
○
c Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2020. All rights reserved.
Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
August 28, 2020
Certified by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
James L. Kirtley Supervisor
Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Thesis Supervisor
Accepted by . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leslie A. Kolodziejski
Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Chair, Department Committee on Graduate Students
2
Smart Energy Solutions to Smart Grid Challenges
by
Nelson Xuntuo Wang
Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

on August 28, 2020, in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Abstract
The smart micro-grid is an energy network, and researchers have spent decades work-
ing on technology development. Among most existing solutions, they focus on dy-
namic operation and stability issues, however the smart grid still exhibit these chal-
lenges: the electric energy network has complicated system structure, high cost, and
low energy efficiency in operation. In light of popular applications, this thesis ana-
lyzes the smart grid at the local (residential) level into two categories: high-power
network - electric network dealing with electric vehicles (EVs), and low-power network
- electronics network dealing with smart mobile phones.
This thesis proposes a centralization approach to tackle these addressed problems.
On the electric network side, current micro-grid systems with high penetration of
electric vehicles (EVs) have a bulky and low energy efficiency system to connect
solar panels and the utility with EV batteries. This work proposes a smart and
efficient EV charger to be the hub to make the system more energy efficient; On the
electronics network side, multi-use application requires multiple power converters, this
work proposes a centralized wireless power transfer system to be the hub charging
multiple phones and low power devices using the grid power. Data mining is applied
to the operation analysis of the electric network on economics where optimization
strategies are discussed.
Thesis Supervisor: James L. Kirtley Supervisor

Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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4
Acknowledgments
My doctoral work is a special one, especially after I was diagnosed with sleep apnea
in 2015, an illness has very similar symptoms on hard breathing as COVID-19. With
a 15-pound sleep machine for 3 years then a major operation at a hospital, I suffered,
survived, and felt reborn. This work is impossible without your support.
First, I would like to thank my dear parents and family for their generous sup-
port throughout my entire life. My significant other Celia, has been supporting and
challenging me in various ways.
Prof. James Kirtley, my thesis supervisor and life mentor, who has been guiding
me in many different perspectives, your support has raised me up to more than I
can be. Prof. Jeffrey Lang, my academic advisor, always being patient and humble,
your wisdom really inspired me on everything. Dr. Robert Stoner, thanks for your
generous time providing directions from your busy schedule, your keen insights on
energy systems for developing countries inspired me with a vision of making portable
yet cost-effective technologies.
I would like to thank my co-founders, advisors, and employees of my tech start-up
companies in energy and healthcare, and fellow entrepreneurs at Forbes community.
I would like to thank the beloved LEES members for contributing to such a
lovely community, groups of Professor Kirtley, Professor Perreault, Professor Kas-
sakian, Professor Lang and Professor Leeb, my collaborators Chris, Jamey, Sajjad,
Jin, and my mentees through Undergraduate Research Opportunities (UROP) Pro-
gram, Henry on wireless power transfer system project, PJ, and Jackson on battery
management system project .
I would like to thank my Chinese basketabll team members, Wujie, Yu, Xiangming,
Yongbin, Hongyu, Rong, Kaichao, Jiexi, the best championship team and all-star
plays.
Last but not least, I would like to thank project sponsors - MITEI, MIT Innovation
Initiative, and Mac McQuown, owner of Stone Edge Farm in Sonoma, CA.
Thank you for all of your support. I am deeply grateful.
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Contents
1 Introduction 17
1.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.2 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.3 Electric Vehicles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.4 Wireless Power Transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.5 Impact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2 Preliminary Work 27
2.1 System Overview - Hybrid AC-DC Architecture (Local) . . . . . . . . 27
2.2 Electric Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2.3 Electronic Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3 Centralization of Electric Network (Local) 35

3.1 Smart Hub - Bi-Directional EV Charger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
3.1.1 Operation Principles of Bi-Directional Power Flow . . . . . . . 39
3.1.2 Power Loss Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.2 System Test of Electric Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
4 Centralization of Electronic Network 63

4.1 3-D Quasi-Uniform Wireless Power Transfer System . . . . . . . . . . 64
4.1.1 Modeling and Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
4.2 System Test of Electronic Network . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
4.2.1 Experiment Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
7
4.2.2 Demonstration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
5 System Modeling and Operation Analysis 101

5.1 Mathematical modeling and system characterization . . . . . . . . . . 102
5.1.1 System Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
5.1.2 Renewable Energy Source - Solar Power . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
5.1.3 Case Analysis – Tesla Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
5.2 Operation analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118
6 Conclusion and Future Work 133
A System Modeling 135
B Operation Data of Stone Edge Farm Micro-Grid Site 139
8
List of Figures
1-1 Classification of EV. ICEV - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle, HEV

- Hybrid Electric Vehicle, BEV - Battery Electric Vehicle, PEV - Plug-
In Electric Vehicle. Picture Sourced from our paper "Electric Drives
and Power Chargers: Recent Solutions to Improve Performance and
Energy Efficiency for Hybrid and Fully Electric Vehicles", 2020 [1]. . 19
1-2 Energy Source Diversification of EV. Picture Sourced from our paper
"Electric Drives and Power Chargers: Recent Solutions to Improve
Performance and Energy Efficiency for Hybrid and Fully Electric Ve-
hicles", 2020 [1]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1-3 Relative Emission of ICEV vs PEV on Percentage Scale, date used

from [2–9]. CO - Carbon Monoxide, HC - Hydrocarbons, NOx - Nitro-
gen Oxides, SOx - Sulfur Oxides, PMx - Particulate matters. Picture
Sourced from Our Paper [1]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1-4 Energy efficiency of EV vs Conventional ICEV without renewable sources,

some waste can be eliminated with renewable sources. Picture Sourced
from Our Paper [1]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1-5 Hybrid EV Architecture. Picture Sourced from Our Paper [1]. P -

Position. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1-6 Past Wireless Charging Developed at MIT. Picture Sourced from Sol-
jacic’s Paper [10]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1-7 Future Wireless Charging for Electronics Network. Pictures Sourced

from [11]. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
9
2-1 Network Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
2-2 Solar-Powered EV Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2-3 Comparison of Technical Structure in Solar-Powered EV Network. . . 30
2-4 Benchmark Comparison of WPT Technologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2-5 Electronic Network Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3-1 Circuit Diagram of Bi-Directional EV Charger. PFC - Power Factor

Correction, LLC - Inductor Inductor Capacitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
3-2 Power-flow diagram of the SiC bidirectional charger. . . . . . . . . . . 39
3-3 Space Vector Diagram Representing All Possible Switch Combinations.

A-C Represent Upper Switch in Each Leg, Turn-On is 1 While Turn-Off
is 0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3-4 Diagram of Duty Cycle For All Six Switches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3-5 Traditional SVPWM where D never reaches to 0/1. Duty cycle pattern
is related to output power due to switching actions. . . . . . . . . . . 41
3-6 Symmetric (Discontinuous) SVPWM where D reaches both 0 and 1,

hence saving switching loss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3-7 Control diagram of the three-phase boost-type PFC rectifier. . . . . . 42
3-8 DC/DC converter control diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3-9 Equivalent circuits of the LLC converter. (a) State 1. (b) State 2. (c)
State 0. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3-10 Matlab Simulation Waveforms of each LLC converter mode in G2V

mode. X-axis time label, state 1 starts(at t=0), state 0 starts at 𝑡0 ,
and state 2 starts at 𝑡2 for the half switching cycle [0, (𝑇𝑠 /2)]. . . . . 47
3-11 Matlab Simulation Waveforms of the LLC converter in the V2G mode.
(a) CCMB. (b) CCMA. X-axis time label, state 1 starts at 𝑡1 , and state
2 starts at 𝑡2 , no state 0, and this pattern repeats every 1/2𝑇𝑠 . . . . . 49
3-12 Graph of Semiconductor Materials. Sourced from UnitedSiC. . . . . . 50
10
3-13 Feature summary of Si-SiC-GaN semiconductor materials. This picture
is revised based from O. Deblecker’s paper in comparative study of
power semiconductor devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3-14 System Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3-15 DPT Test Circuit. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
3-16 SiC MOSFET switching-energy curve, Source from Manufacturer Cree’s
Datasheet C2M0040120D. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
3-17 SiC MOSFET switching transient waveform turn-ON and turn-OFF
processes from our DPT test using Teledyne LeCroy-manufactured
scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3-18 Overview of System Power Loss. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
3-19 Efficiency curve at 400 V/17 A output with variable dc-bus voltages
(G2V). Measured Eff. is obtained from measured voltages and currents
at the system input and output. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
3-20 Efficiency curve at 400 V/8 A output with variable dc-bus voltages
(G2V). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3-21 Overall system efficiency curve comparison over a load range at 400
V/2.5–25 A between optimal dc-bus voltage control and constant 600
V dc-bus control (G2V). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
3-22 Comparison of Technologies in Solar-Powered EV Network. . . . . . . 61
4-1 Circuit Model of STSR System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

4-2 Equivalent Circuit Model for MTMR System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
4-3 Circuit Model of MTMR System of 2-coil system . . . . . . . . . . . 68
4-4 Circuit Model of MTMR System of 3-coil system . . . . . . . . . . . 69
4-5 Placement of the transmitting and receiving coil:2-Coil system. . . . . 72
4-6 Placement of the transmitting and receiving coil: 3-Coil system. . . . 72
4-7 Flowchart of phase-shift control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
4-8 Planar mutual inductance distribution of 2-Coil structure: effective
mutual inductance without phase shift of each coil. . . . . . . . . . . 74
11
mutual inductance without phase shift of vector sum. . . . . . . . . . 75
mutual inductance without phase shift of each coil. . . . . . . . . . . 75
mutual inductance without phase shift of vector sum. . . . . . . . . . 76
4-12 Planar mutual inductance distribution of 2-Coil structure: magnitude
of effective mutual inductance with 90 degrees phase shift. . . . . . . 77
4-13 Planar mutual inductance distribution of 3-Coil structure: magnitude
of effective mutual inductance with 120 degrees phase shift. . . . . . . 77
4-14 3D mutual inductance distribution of 2-Coil structure: effective mutual
inductance without phase shift of each coil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
inductance without phase shift of vector sum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
4-16 3D mutual inductance distribution of 3-Coil structure:effective mutual
inductance without phase shift of each coil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
inductance without phase shift of vector sum. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
4-18 3D mutual inductance distribution of 2-Coil structure: magnitude of
effective mutual inductance with 90degrees phase shift of vector sum. 81
4-19 3D mutual inductance distribution of 3-Coil structure: magnitude of
effective mutual inductance with 120degrees phase shift of vector sum. 82
4-20 Another View for Fig. 4-15. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
4-24 Vertical View of WPT with Multiple Receivers: 2-Coil Structure. . . 88
4-25 Vertical View of WPT with Multiple Receivers: 3-Coil Structure. . . 89
4-26 Experiment Test Bench. Receiving coils on the table with 40cm away
from the center of transmitting coils in this picture. . . . . . . . . . . 91
12
4-27 Experimental results of effective mutual inductance for the 2-Coil struc-
ture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
4-28 Error Rate of Experiment Versus Theory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
4-29 Efficiency distribution of the 2-coil structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
4-30 Experimental results of effective mutual inductance for the 3-Coil struc-
ture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
4-31 Error Rate of Experiment Versus Theory. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
4-32 Efficiency distribution of the 3-coil structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
4-33 Demonstration experiment: a) WPT set-up; b) 2-coil structure; c) 3-
coil structure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
5-1 Micro-Grid Site at Stone Edge Farm, Sonoma, Cali., Overview of Each
Node Described Above. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
5-2 Power Table of Electric Components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
5-3 Map View of the Solar Locations. Picture Sourced From Google 2016. 109
5-4 Technical Issues Causing Insufficient Solar Energy Generation. . . . . 110
5-5 Micro-Grid System Topology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
5-6 Tesla’s Batteries and Power Converter System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
5-7 Single-Line Diagrams of Tesla Case. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
5-8 System’s Power Flow Diagrams. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
5-9 System Characterization Result. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
5-10 Vector Representation of Grid Voltage and Inverter Voltage. . . . . . 115
5-11 Power Chart. Arrow shows power flow direction, red arrow indicates
battery charging, blue arrow indicates battery discharging. . . . . . . 116
5-12 Real Power Chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
5-13 Reactive Power Chart. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
5-14 Power flow diagram of Stone Edge Farm MCESS. . . . . . . . . . . . 118
5-15 System Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
5-16 Economic Analysis of System Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
5-16 Economic Analysis of System Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
13
5-17 Decision Map. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
5-18 Decision Map With Stochastic Process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
A-1 Mathematical Representation of the Collected Data. . . . . . . . . . . 135
14
List of Tables
3.1 Material Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

3.2 Our approach versus the state of the art in EV chargers. . . . . . . . 60
4.1 Benchmark Comparison. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

4.2 Experimental Result of the 2-Coil 3-Coil Structure. . . . . . . . . . . 98
5.1 Overview of Solar Planets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

5.2 Operating Condition of Each Solar Location. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
5.3 Economic Benefits of Solar Energy Source and Battery Storage System. 130
15
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Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Background
. Smart micro-grid applications [12–28] have grown enormously in the past decade,
but the industry lacks a device that is smart enough to interact with each component
of this system. This thesis focuses on developing a centralized methodology to tackle
this challenge, so that people in the future will be able to use solar energy to power
their homes and electric car and use batteries for multi-purpose tasks more effectively
and efficiently. The information cluster processing energy transfer on solar energy,
the grid, and batteries is referred to as energy internet, in which the internet collects
all the data, it is imperative to have a device to absorb energy information so that
the system features the most efficient architecture. The ultimate goal is that clean
energy will be used anywhere and anytime. Then a problem arises: clean energy is
a complex system which has various energy sources. How do we connect them more
effectively and efficiently? In order to solve the increasing need for the renewable
energy world, this work proposes developing a smart hub that can connect electric
vehicle, solar, energy storage, and the grid together. This work focuses on the micro-
grid with high penetration of electric vehicles (EVs): solar power, EVs, batteries, and
the utility. As the Internet needs information routers, the energy world will need
energy routers. With respect to this energy router, we can apply smart AI machine
learning techniques. With the AI tools, can we let the machine learn scalable supervi-
17
sion? Can we train the machine to have a strong robustness to the complicated input
network? An extensive study in this interdisciplinary field is conducted. This work
will combine the traditional knowledge of the power system and power electronics
with data mining to train the system to be smarter, in a way that it can operate the
complex network effectively and efficiently. Data Mining, a statistical way to analyze
the numerical data and optimize the system performance, is a highly useful tool in
the energy domain.
The high-power electric network is discussed above, what about low-power elec-
tronic network where massive cellphones, tablet computers and electronic watches
are used? This network will be much more efficient if something can serve as a hub
connecting these them with the grid. While 5G wireless communication is coming
around the corner, a multi-charging wireless power transfer system that can provide
uniform magnetic field in the 3-D space is the problem-solver.
To sum up, this thesis investigates innovative tools that can centralize the system
structure to make the energy network easier to operate and function, resulting in
higher energy efficiency, lower cost, and enhanced flexibility.
1.2 Motivation
The key challenges for smart-grids at the distribution levels are summarized as high
cost (both materials cost and maintenance cost) and low energy efficiency operation,
which are determined by their complicated structures - multiple separated power
electronics systems dealing with power conversion.
This thesis proposes a smart methodology that can integrate all power electronics
systems into one single system. This can be implemented through bi-directional power
flow and multi-user wireless power transfer techniques.
Therefore, this work summarizes two approaches based on a hybrid AC-DC system
architecture: Electric Network (High Power) - developing an integrated system to
connect the system efficiently Electronic Network (Low Power) - developing a wireless
power transfer system that can charge multiple electronic loads simultaneously.
18
1.3 Electric Vehicles
Electric Vehicles (EVs) have been around for over one hundred years, but their recent
development and deployment has been significantly increased due to radical govern-
ment regulations and reduced cost of batteries in the past decade. EV is essentially
an electric system that contains energy storage which provides energy, energy drive
(includes electric motor) which consumes energy, and auxiliary parts for interface.
Figure 1-1: Classification of EV. ICEV - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle, HEV
- Hybrid Electric Vehicle, BEV - Battery Electric Vehicle, PEV - Plug-In Electric
Vehicle. Picture Sourced from our paper "Electric Drives and Power Chargers: Recent
Solutions to Improve Performance and Energy Efficiency for Hybrid and Fully Electric
Vehicles", 2020 [1].
The class of EVs, shown in Fig. 1-1, includes all type of vehicles where at least
19
Figure 1-2: Energy Source Diversification of EV. Picture Sourced from our paper
"Electric Drives and Power Chargers: Recent Solutions to Improve Performance and
Energy Efficiency for Hybrid and Fully Electric Vehicles", 2020 [1].
part of the propulsion energy comes from an electric motor. Depending on the energy
source (batteries, hydrogen, fuel) and the propulsion device (ICE or electric motor)
many types of EV can be defined. In Fig. 1-1 the three main EV types are highlighted,
namely battery EV (BEV), Fuel-cell EV (FEV) and Hybrid EV (HEV). Due to many
production and distribution issues of hydrogen, the main interest today is on HEV
and BEV, on which the thesis is focused. In case the on-board energy storage unit is
re-charged by "plugging it in" to a charging station, the vehicle is named plug-in HEV
(PHEV) or EV (PEV). Hereafter, the main reasons for the current trend on vehicle
electrification are discussed: - Energy source diversification. The electrification of
vehicles allows for a diversification of energy sources, including the exploitation of
renewable sources (e.g. hydro, solar, wind) to obtain the electricity, see Fig. 1-2(in
such case the acronym REV-Renewable Electric Vehicle is introduced).
EVs have two advantages over conventional ICEVs: First, pollutant emission re-
20
Figure 1-3: Relative Emission of ICEV vs PEV on Percentage Scale, date used from
[2–9]. CO - Carbon Monoxide, HC - Hydrocarbons, NOx - Nitrogen Oxides, SOx -
Sulfur Oxides, PMx - Particulate matters. Picture Sourced from Our Paper [1].
duction. As presented in Fig. 1-3, the emissions are dramatically reduced moving
from ICEV to PEV. Second, energy efficiency increase. The efficiency in the use of
energy, considering for a fair comparison in both cases of ICEV and BEV crude oil
as initial energy source, is increased from about 13% of ICEV to 18% of PEV in Fig.
1-4.
The trend in vehicle design for the 21st century is the electrification of propul-
sion [2–9], mainly to reduce the emission of pollution (e.g. CO, NOx, CO2, SOx) in
the air, and to reduce the use of fossil fuels. The evolution towards electric and hybrid
mobility has been accelerated by the “dieselgate” in Europe and US [29], and by the
high economic cost, for cars equipped with conventional internal combustion engines
(ICE), to face restrictive regulations about greenhouse gases. Key components to en-
able such revolution in the electrification are power converters [30], as well as electric
machines and energy storage components [31–33]. Allowed CO2 emissions in US, EU,
Japan and China have been reduced from about 200 g of CO2 per travelled km in the
2000s to less than 100 g/km in 2020, for example. With EURO 6.2 regulation CO2
21
Figure 1-4: Energy efficiency of EV vs Conventional ICEV without renewable sources,
some waste can be eliminated with renewable sources. Picture Sourced from Our
Paper [1].
emissions in Europe should be reduced within the limit of 95 g/km [31]. Moreover,
homologation cycles have been also modified, increasing more deceleration and accel-
eration phases. Indeed, from the NEDC (New European Driving Cycle) in 1997 to the
new WLTP (Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicles Test Procedure) developed by the
United Nations Economic Commission for European (UN/ECE/WP29) in 2017 ,the
percentage of the cycle in acceleration and deceleration modes have been increased
from 15.5% and 22.4% in NEDC to 41.5% and 42.2% in WLTP, respectively [31].
Full Electric Vehicles (EV) are already a reality for low-volume premium car brands,
like Tesla, but several large-volume car makers have announced a reduction in the
number of all petrol/diesel vehicles. For example, in Europe the take rate (visitor to
offer taker conversion rate) of diesel cars is predicted to decrease from 48% in 2014
to 15% (worst case) in 2024 [32].
Fig. 1-5 shows electric vehicle architecture. Concerning positioning of electric
motor in a HEV or full EV, in HEV the electric machine can be placed directly on the
ICE, position PO in Fig. 6, this is the case of Belt-driven Starter Generator (BSG),
or between the ICE and the gearbox, eventually separated by a clutch, (positions
P1 and P2) or on the gearbox (position P3) or beyond such as rear axle or tightly
coupled with the driving wheels (position P4). In Full EV mainly the last types of
positioning are considered.
22
Figure 1-5: Hybrid EV Architecture. Picture Sourced from Our Paper [1]. P -
Position.
Besides electric motors, power electronics plays an important role in battery charg-
ing/discharging and interaction with the grid, and further renewable energy sources
(RES). Hence, a bidirectional EV charger described in chapter 3 is developed to
achieve the addressed topics in the context of smart grid that has RES. Li-ion bat-
teries are widely used due to their high power and energy density, and they serve
as an energy storage unit connecting to the smart grid and to a RES such as PV
panels in our focused application. This leads to a hub connection discussion: the
current industry lacks an efficient integrated connection system since PV panels are
not directly connected to the EV charger, see Fig. 2-3a. They are firstly connected
to the grid via an inverter, then a traditional EV charger is used to connect the grid
with the EV. This means that two routes are taken for a solar-powered EV charging
system, resulting in extra power loss and higher system cost. In this section, a novel
bi-directional EV charger system using all wide-bandgap devices is proposed to build
a direct connection between PV panels and the EV as shown in Fig. 2-3b, and also
introduces V2G (Vehicle to Grid) path. Therefore, reduced power loss and lower
system cost features are achieved from a highly integrated power electronics system
with high efficiency and high power density.
23
1.4 Wireless Power Transfer
In the low-power electronics network, wireless power transfer (WPT) can be viewed
as an effective tool to centralize the system by charging multiple electronic loads
remotely and wirelessly, Fig. 1-7 shows future wireless charging concept in the 5G
network where radio frequency (RF) wireless charging is promoted. Researchers have
spent considerable efforts to develop wireless power transfer (WPT) systems over the
past decade. Following the first demonstration of efficient long-distance WPT in [10]
shown in Fig. 1-6 achieved by making the inductive circuits resonate at the same
frequency.
Figure 1-6: Past Wireless Charging Developed at MIT. Picture Sourced from Sol-
jacic’s Paper [10].
Subsequent papers [34–44] investigated this approach, especially strengthening the

resonant charging concept. Later, researchers developed multi-user charging [45, 46]
to meet the increasing need for charging more than one electronic device at the same
time. Due to their ubiquity, smart phones, for example, are increasingly in need of
group charging in venues ranging from coffee shops to airports. In such multi-user
scenarios, the location of the smart phone with respect to the charging transmitter
cannot be adjusted. Correspondingly, the objective is to provide for quasi-uniform
charging efficiency throughout all space around the transmitter, enabling multiple
users to receive power efficiently regardless of their locations.
Resonant WPT, which has been applied to various applications, is fundamental
to achieving high-efficiency power transfer between two sets of coils. For example,
[38] focuses on the biomedical applications, [39] focuses on flying drone applications,
24
Figure 1-7: Future Wireless Charging for Electronics Network. Pictures Sourced
from [11].
[41, 42] focuses on electric motor applications, [47, 48] introduce several methods to
track and increase system efficiency, and [49, 50] focus on network applications. The
WPT system proposed here is distinct from those discussed above. In particular, it
employs rotating magnetic fields so as to improve spatial uniformity, and is applicable
to smart phones, tablets, multimedia devices, and even low-power laptops. Magnetic
MIMO [51, 52] has been adopted for position-free charging applications. To enable
charging by multiple users, adaptive algorithms based on user-detection are developed
in [45], but the uniformity of power distribution is not considered. Thus, even though
overall efficiency is maximized, some users might be incapable of receiving power.
The single-user efficiency distribution using phase-shifted current is studied in [53].
The current control to achieve optimized power efficiency is studied in [54, 55] The
rotational and directional magnetic field of an omnidirectional WPT system is studied
in [54]. However, the efficiency uniformity and power distribution among multiple
users are not studied.
To overcome these addressed issues above, we developed a novel uniform wireless

power transfer method in Chapter 4. An advantage is quasi-uniform efficiency in
25
3-D space by employing rotating fields, which follows the similar principle of multi-
phase electric machines [55–58]. Two different types are developed and studied: a
2-coil system with a phase shift of 90 degrees between the coil currents, and a 3-coil
system with a phase shift of 120 degrees between the coil currents. The phase-shifted
currents create a uniform rotating magnetic field around the coils and provides a
seamless power transfer to the multiple receivers in the charging space. This phase-
shifting method creates uniform efficiency in the space, which cannot be achieved by
using traditional non-phase shifting method. [59] introduced a 2-transmitter method,
but it only works in 2-D quasi-uniform with >10% fluctuation while the proposed
methods in this thesis verify uniform field in 2-D and quasi-uniform field in 3-D, and
a much more robust system up to 88% reduction on efficiency variance with a 3-coil
transmitter structure.
1.5 Impact
The economic impact of these cutting-edge technologies are significant in numbers,
with proposed electric vehicle and renewable power sources, the carbon dioxide emis-
sion can be reduced up to 45% [60] in Massachusetts, the home state of the author’s
institute - MIT. Moreover, the cost can be saved up to 50% as discussed in Chapter
2.2 against existing technologies on solar-powered EV charging.
26
Chapter 2
Preliminary Work
2.1 System Overview - Hybrid AC-DC Architecture

(Local)
A complete structure of the local (residential) system in Chapter 1 is described in

Fig. 2-1, connecting to the distribution line. It compromises two networks: electric
and electronics which depends on the power rating. The high-power system is catego-
rized as electric network circled in red color, and the low-power system is categorized
as electronic network circled in blue color. The city level has similar structure except
the residential appliance section, but it usually has higher power limit - up to 200kW
versus 20kW for the local level.
Since there are AC and DC –powered electric loads in the system, a hybrid AC-
DC architecture can improve the system efficiency by reducing the number of power
conversions. Due to the increasing need of DC power, researchers have proposed a DC
Microgrid over the past few years. This work proposes a hybrid AC-DC micro grid,
by combining traditional AC Microgrid and DC Microgrid, which is believed by us to
be the most viable solution. The essential issue is to determine the regulated DC bus
voltage level, [61] analyzes a systematic methodology in the automotive application.
This work proposes a study in the residential application and presents a systematic
study to recommend the DC bus voltage in the hybrid AC-DC network. Thee-phase
27
Figure 2-1: Network Diagram
AC grid voltage for larger users have different standards, USA uses 480V 60Hz (single
phase 240V, center capped for most residential cases), Europe uses 400V 50Hz, and
China uses 380V 50Hz. This thesis assumes the US standard.
2.2 Electric Network

For the electrical network which consists of solar power, EV, and the AC three-phase
grid shown in Fig. 2-2, there exists a traditional structure which uses two separated
systems - solar inverter and EV charger as shown in Fig. 2-3a to process power
electronics that convert DC solar power to AC power feeding the grid, then either
uses that generated power or power from the grid to charge the EV. This means
that two routes are taken for a solar-powered EV charging system, resulting in extra
power loss and higher system cost, a third route is employed by some technologies has
developed V2G which allows power transfer from the vehicle’s battery to the grid.
28
(a) Solar-Powered EV Network Concept, Picture Sourced from Google.
(b) Solar-Powered EV Network at Stone Edge Farm, Picture Taken by the Author Using
An iPhone.
Figure 2-2: Solar-Powered EV Network.
29
In this thesis, a bi-directional EV charger shown in Fig. 2-3b of [62] is proposed to
serve as the hub to connect both solar panel and the utility. This novel bi-directional
method with all wide-bandgap semiconductor devices is analyzed in detail in Chap-
ter 3. As we learn from industry data, a solar inverter costs roughly the same as an
EV charger, thus our proposal results in 50% cost saving on hardware with this single
novel EV charger.
(a) Traditional Structure of Solar-Powered EV Network in [63–69].
(b) Proposed Structure of Solar-Powered EV Network.
Figure 2-3: Comparison of Technical Structure in Solar-Powered EV Network.
Fig. 2-3b shows the bi-directional power flow diagram, representing two power
flows, namely Grid-to-Vehicle (G2V) and Vehicle-to-Grid (V2D) modes. In G2V
30
mode, the battery is in the charging process, during which power flows from the three-
phase grid through the power factor correction (PFC) and DC Bus to the battery. In
V2G mode, the battery is in the discharging process, during which power flows from
the battery through the DC Bus and PFC to the grid. In addition, with the injection
of solar power, there is an additional power flow route to charge the battery from the
solar panel. A power adapter system is designed to regulate the solar output power.
The output power levels of state-of-the-art EV chargers are from a few to tens of
kilowatts, the dc power bus levels are from Vdc up to 840V with 400V being a typical
value, the converter switching frequencies are from tens of kilohertz when using Si-
powered MOSFETs or insulated-gate bipolar transistors up to 500 kHz; in the case of
widebandgap power devices, SiC and GaN are used. [62] firstly used all wide bandgap
devices to achieve high-efficiency bidirectional EV charger, later publications on EV
charger design followed this bi-directional concept.
As EV’s battery capacity is growing larger for each individual EV, the power flow
between the EV and the grid is examined in a bidirectional fashion. This is especially
useful in applications using Renewable Energy Sources (RESs), e.g., the solar panels
in [62]. The bidirectional flowchart is shown in Fig. 2-3b. During the bidirectional
power-flow interaction, the solar power can flow either from the PV panel to the
grid or to the EV, and the battery charging power can flow G2V or vice versa. Two
additional power flows are provided compared to that of the unidirectional mode,
which increases system flexibility. In [70], V2G power flow implies that the power
can be drawn from the battery serving as the electric source, which has significant
benefits in future applications, such as powering a house during electricity shut down
or powering electric equipment during a road trip once EV batteries have become
bigger and more powerful. The system becomes simpler after applying the bidirec-
tional power flow method, and its benefits can be summarized as 1) direct access to
solar generation and the EV’s battery and 2) efficiency maximization. Concerning
the direct access to solar generation and the EV’s battery thanks to two additional
power flow paths - solar power to EV charging and the EV’s back feed to the grid,
as depicted in Fig. 2-3b versus Fig. 2-3a, the system becomes more flexible for the
31
usage and transfer of energy. The system integrates the functionality of solar invert-
ers and battery charging into one unit by providing direct access between each power
element, which reduces system size. The overall average efficiency is improved by 5%,
comparing the bidirectional power flow method with the traditional unidirectional
one with the PV-to-car efficiency of 91%, based on the same efficiency data for power
electronics - an averaged EV charger efficiency of 94% and a solar inverter efficiency
of 97% at the time of development. When using RESs, the unidirectional approach
where two steps are needed from the solar PV panels to the EV charger and from the
EV charger to the EV has an overall efficiency of 91%. Instead, for the bidirectional
solution, the overall efficiency is 96%. This 5% is a substantial savings of electricity
usage, in addition to the material cost savings derived from one compact integrated
system versus two bulky separated systems. The only requirement for the system in
Fig. Fig. 2-3b, as discussed in [62], is the use of bidirectional switches where power
can flow either way through switches.
2.3 Electronic Network
For the electronic network, a quasi-uniform wireless power transfer (WPT) system
is proposed to serve as the hub to connect the multiple electronics devices – tablets,
cellphones and even low-power laptops. the main objective is to provide convenience
and simplicity when compared with wired chargers. Their charging power ranges
from 5W to 20W per unit. This thesis focuses on stationary application where all
the electronic devices are relatively stationary in a place such as table, but allowing
them to be moved around within a certain radius of the center therefore flexibility is
considered. For instance, during a casual meeting, attendees can use their phones to
check messages and browse the Internet while sitting. The goal is to have all these
electronic devices being charged with one single wireless power transfer system. The
edge is enabling 3-D position-free charging against exiting WPT technologies shown
in Fig. 2-4.
This work proposes an innovative WPT technology to use phase-shift driven cur-
32
Figure 2-4: Benchmark Comparison of WPT Technologies.
rents to create rotating magnetic fields for the multi-user application that can elimi-
nate blind spot and provide uniform efficiency. Its system overview is shown in Fig.
2-5.
Figure 2-5: Electronic Network Diagram.
This wireless power transfer systems for multi-user charging is proposed to demon-
strate a robust quasi-uniform power efficiency in 3-D space. It employs a set of bal-
anced magnetic coils excited with phase-shifted currents on the transmitting side to
feature omnidirectionality. In this thesis, two transmitter structures, 2-coil and 3-coil
systems are discussed and compared. These systems produce a quasi-uniform mag-
netic field magnitude regardless of the location of the receiving coils provided that
33
the receiving coils point to the center of the transmitting system sphere at the same
distance. A simulation platform is established for the proposed method. Experimen-
tal results at 2MHz substantiate uniform spatial efficiency, and bound the average
error of analytical calculations within 10%. Furthermore, the proposed method with
rotating fields based on phase-shifted currents shows that 3-coil system yields a higher
and much more stable efficiency range, 6.8% improvement on average efficiency and
88.7% reduction on efficiency variance compared to the 2-coil system.
34
Chapter 3
Centralization of Electric Network

(Local)
Centralization is to create a centralized structure of the system by using a power hub

to connect with the remaining components of the system. In the electric network,
particularly with the application of electric vehicles, alternative power sources are
needed when the traditional grid cannot meet the increasing demand of charging
electric vehicles, solar photovoltaic(PV) is a great candidate and will contribute to
16 percent of the electricity as the largest source by 2050 [71]. Thus, we focus on a
three-component network: electric vehicles, solar PV, and the grid.
3.1 Smart Hub - Bi-Directional EV Charger

A power hub is a universal power electronics devices that can handle all sorts of
power conversions - ac-dc rectification, ac-ac conversion, dc-ac inversion, and dc-dc
conversion, this means all of these four addressed functions are being implemented
on one single device. If we look at the current power electronics for the EV industry,
EV charger, solar inverter and etc., after a careful review we can conclude that EV
charger essentially consists of ac-dc rectification and dc-dc conversion already, so we
just need two more functions - ac-ac conversion and dc-ac inversion to form this
power hub which can handle all four power conversions to be universal. An electric
35
transformer essentially does ac-ac conversion, and it provides electric isolation for the
safety purpose. Now only one is missing - dc-ac inversion. It sounds interesting that
dc-ac inversion can be realized just by reversing the power flow of ac-dc rectification.
Therefore, designing a bi-directional EV charger can integrate all of these functions
into one single device.
The circuit diagram of a candidate device is shown in Fig. 3-1. This circuit can be
viewed as two main parts: power factor correction (PFC) and also a dc-ac inverter at
reverse power flow mode, and isolated dc-dc converter which has an ac-ac transformer
in the middle. PFC is power-factor correction increases the power factor of a load
which measures the ratio of the real power absorbed by the load to the apparent
power flowing in the circuit, thus improving efficiency for the distribution system to
which it is attached. A simple boost circuit that that does DC-DC voltage increase
is auxiliary. PFC converts three-phase 480VAC (Phase to Phase) via three-phase
full-bridge rectifier to 400V DC bus voltage, then a DC-DC converter converts and
isolates this 400VDC to 600VDC for the battery charging of EV. The voltage from
solar power is boosted to 400VDC bus to offset the input from the grid. EV’s voltage
ranges from 400-800VDC depends on manufacturer and battery capacity.
Figure 3-1: Circuit Diagram of Bi-Directional EV Charger. PFC - Power Factor

Correction, LLC - Inductor Inductor Capacitor.
With the rapid increasing demand of electric vehicles, bi-directional power flow
represents the future trend. Thus, to realize vehicle-to-grid (V2G) and grid-to-vehicle
36
(G2V) technology, a high-efficiency bidirectional charger needs to be integrated into
the power grid. Fig. 3-1 shows a general structure of an EV battery charging system,
which is often composed of a bidirectional power factor control (PFC) rectifier, a bidi-
rectional isolated dc/dc converter, and a unidirectional dc/dc converter for solar pan-
els if renewable energy is incorporated. The charger accommodates three-phase 380
V ac for European and Asian markets and single-phase 120-240 V ac (center capped)
for North America. Recent work [72–81] demonstrates some high-performance single-
phase EV chargers. To receive the three-phase 380 V ac input, the conventional
two-level topology requires high-voltage switches (>600 V). However, nearly all 1200
V Si insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) or 900 V CoolMOS have worse per-
formance compared with 600 V switches, e.g., slower switching transition, higher
forward voltage drop, and larger reverse recovery loss. The high channel resistance
and large gate charge of Si MOSFETs result in a high conduction loss and switching
loss. A multilevel topology is a possible solution [77], which reduces the voltage stress
of switching devices, thereby allowing the use of lower voltage MOSFETs or IGBTs.
The major drawback is the large number of switches and gate-drive circuits, which
potentially lowers the power density. While nearly all present systems are based on
conventional silicon semiconductors, [75–78] discussed the application of widebandgap
(WBG) devices like silicon-carbide (SiC) MOSFETs and gallium-nitride (GaN) high
electron mobility transistors(HEMTs) shown in Fig. 3-12. However, the impact of
WBG devices on EV battery chargers, especially the efficiency increment, has not
been quantitatively discussed yet.
To enhance the system efficiency and power density, the SiC MOSFET is an
excellent candidate, which is known for its low channel resistance, high-voltage with-
standing capability, low reverse recovery charge, and better thermal characteristics
compared with Si devices. With the superior performance of 1200 V SiC MOSFETs,
power electronics engineers could use a simple topology with the smallest number of
switches. As shown in Fig. 2, an all-SiC-MOSFET-based three-phase boost-type PFC
with a half-bridge LLC resonant converter contains fewer semiconductors compared
with a three-level power factor correction (PFC) or dual-active-bridge topology [9].
37
The dc/dc part adopts the LLC resonance technology to realize zero-voltage-switching
(ZVS) turn ON, though it remains uncertain how such topology could realize the bidi-
rectional power flow with ZVS for the whole power range, which is the scope of this
work. On the other hand, to precisely estimate the system efficiency, an accurate
circuit behavior model must be established prior to the prototyping. At the present
time, first harmonic approximation (FHA) method is widely used in the LLC reso-
nant converter design [21]–[34], which is an attempt to simplify the loss calculation.
However, due to the wide voltage range of the on-board battery pack, the system usu-
ally does not work exactly at the resonant frequency, which results in the resonant
current waveform being far from the ideal sinusoidal waveform and makes the FHA
method no longer accurate. Reference [20] uses a MOSFET datasheet for the loss
evaluation, while [29] relies on the simulation model. In the reality, the semiconductor
switching performance might vary drastically under different operational conditions,
e.g., gate-drive voltage, current, and temperature. To estimate the loss accurately, a
double pulse test (DPT) needs to be conducted first.
This work presents an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of SiC devices based
bidirectional EV charger. Section 3.1.1 presents operational principles of the system
in G2V and V2G modes. The steady-state analysis of the bidirectional LLC resonant
converter is processed based on state-space equations. An accurate power-loss model
is derived in Section 3.1.2, which indicates that the system reaches the peak efficiency
when the LLC converter is operated at the resonant frequency. Based on such char-
acteristics, a variable dc-bus control to maximize the efficiency. The control method
varies the PFC output voltage to achieve the highest system efficiency at any given
battery charging power.
38
Figure 3-2: Power-flow diagram of the SiC bidirectional charger.
3.1.1 Operation Principles of Bi-Directional Power Flow
0. Principle of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM).
Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) is a brilliant vector control algo-
rithm to generate desired PWM signals through Park transformation and rotating
(d-q-0) to stationary (𝛼-𝛽-0) frame transformation. Each switch status is represented
by 1(on) or 0(off), its space vector diagram and duty cycle for each phase is shown
in Fig. 3-3 and Fig. 3-4, respectively.
When implementing the voltage vectors, different sequence could be selected to
form various control strategies, here we compare symmetric control with traditional
control,
39
Figure 3-3: Space Vector Diagram Representing All Possible Switch Combinations.
A-C Represent Upper Switch in Each Leg, Turn-On is 1 While Turn-Off is 0.
Figure 3-4: Diagram of Duty Cycle For All Six Switches.
40
Seen from Fig. 3-9b, duty cycles of symmetric (also interpreted as discontinuous)
SVPWM can reach to values of both zero and one hundred percent, however in
Fig. 3-9b duty cycles of traditional symmetric never reach to a value of zero and one
hundred percent. This means, for the symmetric control, there is always 1/6 of the
period when the switch is forever on and another 1/6 when the switch is forever off.
So it is expected to have 16.67% less switching loss. This figure comparison indicate
loss saving.
Figure 3-5: Traditional SVPWM where D never reaches to 0/1. Duty cycle pattern
is related to output power due to switching actions.
Figure 3-6: Symmetric (Discontinuous) SVPWM where D reaches both 0 and 1, hence
saving switching loss.
41
A. G2V Mode
In the G2V mode, the three-phase PFC rectifies the grid input to a dc output. The
isolated LLC resonant converter then delivers the power to the high-voltage EV bat-
tery. The solar boost converter tied to the PFC dc output can intake the solar power
to reduce the overall electricity cost. The red lines in Fig. 3-2 indicate the power
flow in the G2V mode. Fig. 3-7 shows the control block diagram of the PFC. To
minimize the switching loss of six switches, a discontinuous pulsewidth modulation is
used to minimize the switching actions [35]. The closed-loop PI controller regulates
the PFC output voltage, as shown in Fig. 3-7. All secondary switches are OFF. Fig.
3-8 shows the operation of the solar panel boost converter, which will not be detailed
here. The LLC dc/dc converter uses a closed-loop feed-forward controller to regulate
the battery charging current.
Figure 3-7: Control diagram of the three-phase boost-type PFC rectifier.
Figure 3-8: DC/DC converter control diagram.
To calculate the system loss, operational principles of the LLC converter must be
addressed to obtain the exact switching current waveforms. In this work, a half-bridge
42
series resonant topology is used instead of the full-bridge LLC converter to simplify
our structure. This topology is advantageous in the resonant capacitor design since
the voltage across the capacitor is reduced to half with reduced number of gate drivers.
This LLC resonant circuit can be operated in either the discontinuous current mode
(DCM) or the continuous current mode (CCM), depending on the load condition and
switching frequency. Regardless of the operational modes, there are three possible
equivalent circuits during the half switching period, i.e., state 1, state 2, and state 0
shown in Fig. 3-9a to Fig. 3-9c, respectively.
43
(a)
(b)
(c)
Figure 3-9: Equivalent circuits of the LLC converter. (a) State 1. (b) State 2. (c)
State 0. 44
Fig. 3-10(a) to Fig. 3-10(c) shows the waveforms when operated under the res-
onant frequency in DCMB1, DCMB, and CCMB modes, respectively. The output
voltage is not modeled as an ideal constant voltage source, but a parallel RC load
where 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑡 is the output capacitance and 𝑅𝐿 is the output resistance determined by
the battery voltage/current. 𝑉2 is the output voltage. In state 1 shown in Fig. 3-9a,
secondary diodes 𝐷𝑓+2 and 𝐷𝑓−1 are ON. The voltage across the transformer magne-
tizing inductance 𝑉𝑚 is clamped to 𝑛𝑉2 . In state 2 shown in Fig. 3-9b, secondary
diodes 𝐷𝑓+1 and 𝐷𝑓−2 are ON. 𝑉𝑚 is clamped to -𝑛𝑉2 . In state 0 shown in Fig. 3-9c,
all secondary diodes are OFF. 𝑉𝑚 is independent of the output voltage.
A1. DCMB1 Mode (𝑓 < 𝑓𝑟 )
When the load is light, the circuit is first operated in state 1 starting at t = 0.
During state 1, the inductor 𝐿𝑟 resonates with 𝐶𝑟 . 𝑉𝑚 is equal to 𝑛𝑉2 , resulting in
the continuously increasing magnetizing current 𝐼𝑚 . At 𝑡 = 𝑡0 , the resonant current
is equal to the magnetizing current, i.e., 𝐼𝑟 = 𝐼𝑚 , which makes the circuit switch
from state 1 → state 0 because all secondary diodes turned OFF. The output current
is supplied through discharging the output capacitor 𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑡 . During state 0, 𝑉𝑚 is
determined by the resonant circuit and gradually decreases. If |𝑉𝑚 | < |𝑛𝑉2 |, the
circuit remains in state 0. At 𝑡 = (𝑇𝑠 /2), the input voltage changes the polarity. The
circuit changes to state 2 since 𝑉2 = -𝑉𝑚 . To summarize the DCMB1 mode, the circuit
is operated in the following sequence within the half switching period 𝑡 ∈ [0, (𝑇𝑠 /2)]
: state 1 → state 0.
Define the secondary current reflected to the primary side as 𝐼𝑠𝑒𝑐 . It can be
calculated as
⎧
⎨|𝐼𝑟 (𝑡) − 𝐼𝑚 (𝑡)| 0 < t < 𝑡0
⎪
𝐼𝑠𝑒𝑐 = (3.1)
⎩0 𝑇𝑠
𝑡0 < t <
⎪
2
45
A2. DCMB Mode (𝑓 < 𝑓𝑟 )
If the load becomes heavier, the circuit starts to work in the DCMB mode. The circuit
begins with state 1 at t = 0. Then the circuit changes to state 0 when 𝐼𝑟 = 𝐼𝑚 . At
t = 𝑡2 < (𝑇𝑠 /2), the magnetizing inductance voltage |𝑉𝑚 | = |𝑛𝑉2 |. Secondary diodes
𝐷𝑓+1 and 𝐷𝑓−2 turn ON clamping 𝑉𝑚 to 𝑛𝑉2 . The circuit starts to operate in state
2. To summarize the DCMB mode, the circuit is operated in the following sequence
within the half switching period 𝑡 ∈ [0, (𝑇𝑠 /2)] : state 1 → state 0 → state 2. 𝐼𝑠𝑒𝑐 can
be calculated as
⎧
⎨| I𝑟 (𝑡) − 𝐼𝑚 (𝑡)| 0 < t < 𝑡0 𝑇𝑠
𝑜𝑟 t2 < t <
⎪
2
𝐼𝑠𝑒𝑐 = (3.2)
⎩0
⎪
𝑡0 < t < 𝑡2
A3. CCMB Mode ( f < f𝑟 )
As the load continues to increase, state 0 disappears. At the end of state 1 where
𝑡 = 𝑡2 , 𝑖𝑟 = 𝑖𝑚 , the circuit no longer switches back to state 0. Instead, it switches to
state 2 directly, i.e., the circuit operates according to the following sequence in the
half switching period 𝑡 ∈ [0, (𝑇𝑠 /2)] : state 1 → state 2. 𝐼𝑠𝑒𝑐 is calculated as
𝑇𝑠
𝐼𝑠𝑒𝑐 = |𝐼𝑟 (𝑡) − 𝐼𝑚 (𝑡)| 0<t< (3.3)
2
46
Figure 3-10: Matlab Simulation Waveforms of each LLC converter mode in G2V
mode. X-axis time label, state 1 starts(at t=0), state 0 starts at 𝑡0 , and state 2 starts
at 𝑡2 for the half switching cycle [0, (𝑇𝑠 /2)].
47
B. V2G Mode
In the V2G mode, shown as the blue line in Fig. 3-2, the LLC resonant converter
transfers the power to the primary side dc bus. Power factor correction (PFC) circuit
regulates the desired three-phase grid feedback currents. The boost converter from the
solar cells tied to the PFC dc output can contribute to the power intake, reducing the
energy consumption of the EV battery. Here the LLC converter behaves differently
from the G2V mode. 𝑆𝑓+1 , 𝑆𝑓−1 and 𝑆𝑓+2 , 𝑆𝑓−2 are all switched at 50% duty cycle with
a 180𝑜 phase shift. The secondary winding voltage is clamped to the output voltage.
Hence the magnetizing voltage Vm is clamped to |nV2| regardless of the circuit state.
Im is only determined by the battery voltage. The magnetizing inductance Lm does
not participate in any resonance or the power transfer. Fig. 3-11(a) and (b) shows
the circuit waveform when operated in the CCMB and CCMA modes, respectively.
Possible operation modes are state 1 and state 2, state 0 no longer exists since all
secondary switches cannot be turned off simultaneously when power flows from vehicle
to grid.
When switching frequency is below the resonant frequency 𝑓 < 𝑓𝑟 , the circuit
follows the sequence of state 1 → state 2 in the half switching period for the CCMB
mode as shown in Fig. 3-11(a). When operated above the resonant frequency, the
circuit follows the sequence of state 2 → state 1 in the half switching period for
continuous current mode A (CCMA) mode as shown inFig. 3-11(b).
48
Figure 3-11: Matlab Simulation Waveforms of the LLC converter in the V2G mode.
(a) CCMB. (b) CCMA. X-axis time label, state 1 starts at 𝑡1 , and state 2 starts at
𝑡2 , no state 0, and this pattern repeats every 1/2𝑇𝑠 .
Semiconductor devices play a critical role in power conversion as they make high-
performance switches to turn on or off with certain duty cycle to do the power con-
version. Three materials are discussed here: Silicon(Si), Silicon Carbide(SiC), and
Gillium Nitride(GaN) as shown in Fig. 3-12. We can see that GaN generally operates
in higher frequency (0.1M-100MHz) versus SiC and Silicon (800-10MHz).
49
Figure 3-12: Graph of Semiconductor Materials. Sourced from UnitedSiC.
Table 3.1: Material Properties.
Materials Property Si SiC GaN

Band Gap (eV) 1.1 3.2 3.4
Critical Field 106 𝑉 /𝑐𝑚 0.3 3 3.5
Electron Mobility (cm2/V-sec) 1450 900 2000
Electron Saturation Velocity (106 𝑐𝑚/𝑠𝑒𝑐) 10 22 25
Thermal Conductivity (Watts/cm2 K) 1.5 5 1.3
Considering the system parameters on voltage(380V AC), power (10kW), and

switching frequency(50-400kHz) in Fig. 3-14, we omit GaN since the system does not
operate below 100kHz, and omit Si since SiC has high thermal conductivity shown
in Table 3.2 which leads to lower losses, a feature summary can be generated as
shown in Fig. 3-13. GaN is an excellent material, came out after SiC, and it is
theoretically capable of higher switching speed than SiC or Si, with its much higher
electron mobility, but it has a lower thermal conductivity compared with SiC therefore
suffering higher loss due to higher current from bigger temperature rise, which is a
50
trade-off. Thus, SiC MOSEFT 1200V C2M0040120D made by CREE is chosen.
Figure 3-13: Feature summary of Si-SiC-GaN semiconductor materials. This picture

is revised based from O. Deblecker’s paper in comparative study of power semicon-
ductor devices.
Figure 3-14: System Parameters.
3.1.2 Power Loss Analysis
The semiconductor loss of the whole charger can be categorized as the power factor
correction (PFC) circuit loss, the LLC circuit converter loss, and the solar boost con-
verter circuit loss. For the PFC circuit, the semiconductor loss can be further divided
51
into the switching loss, conduction loss, and gate-drive loss, denoted by 𝑃𝑠𝑤_𝑃 𝐹 𝐶 ,
𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑛_𝑃 𝐹 𝐶 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑃𝑔_𝑃 𝐹 𝐶 , respectively. For the LLC converter circuit, there are switch-
ing loss, conduction loss, diode rectifier loss, and gate-drive loss, denoted by 𝑃𝑠𝑤_𝐿𝐿𝐶 ,
𝑃𝑐𝑜𝑛_𝐿𝐿𝐶 , 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑐_𝐿𝐿𝐶 , and 𝑃𝑔_𝐿𝐿𝐶 , respectively. Here we use a typical Double-Pulse
Test (DPT) circuit shown in Fig. 3-15, DPT is a standard method for measuring the
switching parameters of MOSFETs or IGBT power devices, which is done with an
inductive load and a power supply. The inductor is used to replicate circuit conditions
in a converter design. The power supply is used to provide voltage to the inductor.
An arbitrary function generator is used to output pulses that triggers the gate of the
MOSFET and thus turns it on to start conduction of current. The energy switching
waveform of SiC MOSEFT as device under test (DUT) is shown in Fig. 3-16.
Figure 3-15: DPT Test Circuit.
52
Figure 3-16: SiC MOSFET switching-energy curve, Source from Manufacturer Cree’s
Datasheet C2M0040120D.
As mentioned above, the SiC MOSFET used in this charger is rated at 1200 V/60
A. Double-Pulse Test (DPT) was conducted to obtain the first-hand data on the
turn–ON energy (EON) and turn-OFF energy (EOFF). The curve fitted EON and
EOFF are shown as Fig. 3-16. The test result is shown in Fig. 3-17a and 3-17b.
53
(a) SiC MOSFET switching transient waveform turn-ON process. Gate–source voltage: Vgs
(10 V/div); drain–source current: Id (10 A/div); drain–source voltage: Vds (100 V/div);
turn-ON energy: EON.
(b) SiC MOSFET switching transient waveform turn-OFF process. Gate–source voltage:
Vgs (10 V/div); drain–source current: Id (10 A/div); drain–source voltage: Vds (100 V/div);
turn-OFF energy: EOFF.
Figure 3-17: SiC MOSFET switching transient waveform turn-ON and turn-OFF
processes from our DPT test using Teledyne LeCroy-manufactured scope.
54
The switching energy EON and EOFF ofthe switches can be described using curve
fitting as
𝑉𝑑𝑠 2
𝐸𝑂𝑁 (𝑉𝑑𝑠 , 𝐼𝑑_𝑂𝑁 ) = (𝐴1 𝐼𝑑_𝑂𝑁 + 𝐵1 𝐼𝑑_𝑂𝑁 + 𝐶1 ) (3.4)
𝑉𝑑𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡
𝑉𝑑𝑠 2
𝐸𝑂𝐹 𝐹 (𝑉𝑑𝑠 , 𝐼𝑑_𝑂𝐹 𝐹 ) = (𝐴2 𝐼𝑑_𝑂𝐹 𝐹 + 𝐵2 𝐼𝑑_𝑂𝐹 𝐹 + 𝐶2 ) (3.5)
𝑉𝑑𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡
where 𝑉𝑑𝑠 is the drain–source voltage of the MOSFET, Vdstest is the dc-bus
voltage used in the DPT, 𝐼𝑑_𝑂𝑁 is the current when the switch turns ON, and 𝐼𝑑_𝑂𝐹 𝐹
is the current when the switch turns OFF. Once the LLC circuit is operated under ZVS
turn-ON modes, 𝐸𝑂𝑁 = 0. In the PFC circuit, since the switching period is very small
compared with the grid period, the PFC inductor current can be assumed constant
during one switching period. Overall 𝐼𝑑_𝑂𝑁 and 𝐼𝑑_𝑂𝐹 𝐹 follow the grid current 50/60
Hz waveform. A similar approach could be adopted for the SiC MOSFET body diode
forward voltage drop Vf
𝑉𝑓 (𝑡) = 𝐴3 𝐼𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑒 (𝑡)2 + 𝐵3 𝐼𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑒 + 𝐶3 (3.6)
PFC losses can be calculated as
∫︀ 𝜋/3
P𝑆𝑊 _𝑃 𝐹 𝐶 (𝑉𝑑𝑠 , 𝐼𝑑_𝑂𝑁 (𝑡), 𝐼𝑑_𝑂𝐹 𝐹 (𝑡)) = 6( 0
𝐸𝑂𝐹 𝐹 (𝑉𝑑𝑠 , 𝐼𝑑_𝑂𝐹 𝐹 (𝑡)))𝑓𝑆𝑊 _𝑃 𝐹 𝐶 𝑑𝑡 +
∫︀ 𝜋
2
𝜋
(𝐸𝑂𝑁 (𝑉𝑑𝑠 , 𝐼𝑑_𝑂𝑁 (𝑡)) + 𝐸𝑂𝐹 𝐹 ((𝑉𝑑𝑠 , 𝐼𝑑_𝑂𝐹 𝐹 (𝑡)))𝑓𝑆𝑊 _𝑃 𝐹 𝐶 𝑑𝑡)/2𝜋
3
(3.7)
Meanwhile
𝐼𝑑_𝑂𝑁 = 𝐼𝑑_𝑂𝐹 𝐹 = 𝐼𝑔𝑟𝑖𝑑_𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜔𝑡) (3.8)
∫︁ 𝜋
𝑃𝐶𝑂𝑁 _𝑃 𝐹 𝐶 (𝑅𝑑𝑠 , 𝐼𝑑 (𝑡) = 3 𝐼𝑑 (𝑡)2 𝑅𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑡/𝜋 (3.9)
0
𝑃𝑔_𝑃 𝐹 𝐶 = 𝑄𝑔 𝑉𝑔𝑠 𝑓𝑠𝑤_𝑃 𝐹 𝐶 (3.10)
Using the state-space model proposed in Section II, the turn ON/OFF current of
SiC MOSFETs can be obtained for the switching loss calculation in both V2G and
55
G2V modes. The resonant current waveform can be used for the conduction loss
calculation. The secondary diode current can be used for the diode loss calculation.
The LLC converter loss can be calculated as
𝑃𝑆𝑊 _𝑃 𝐹 𝐶 (𝑉𝑑𝑠 , 𝐼𝑑_𝑂𝑁 , 𝐼𝑑_𝑂𝐹 𝐹 ) = 2((𝐸𝑂𝑁 (𝑉𝑑𝑠 , 𝐼𝑑_𝑂𝑁 ) + 𝐸𝑂𝐹 𝐹 (𝑉𝑑𝑠 , 𝐼𝑑_𝑂𝐹 𝐹 ))𝑓𝑆𝑊 _𝑃 𝐹 𝐶
(3.11)
𝐼𝑑_𝑂𝑁 = 𝐼𝑟 (0) (3.12)
𝑇𝑠
𝐼𝑑_𝑂𝑁 = 𝐼𝑟 ( ) (3.13)
2
∫︁ 𝑇𝑠
2 𝑇𝑠
𝑃𝐶𝑂𝑁 _𝐿𝐿𝐶 (𝑅𝑑𝑠 , 𝐼𝑑 ) = 2 𝐼𝑑2 𝑅𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑡/ (3.14)
0 2
𝐼𝑑 (𝑡) = 𝐼𝑟 (𝑡) (3.15)
∫︁ 𝑇𝑠
2 𝑇𝑠
𝑃𝑅𝐸𝐶_𝐿𝐿𝐶 (𝑉𝑓 , 𝐼𝑅𝐸𝐶 ) = 4 𝐼𝑅𝐸𝐶 𝑉𝑓 𝑑𝑡/ (3.16)
0 2
The above equations can be further summarized in Fig. 3-18, N/A means data is
negligible for calculating the system loss.
Figure 3-18: Overview of System Power Loss.
Using the power loss model above, the system efficiency can be derived as a
function of component parameters, system operating conditions, and MOSFET char-
acteristics. The related parameters include the system gain M, quality factor Q, ac
equivalent resistance 𝑅𝑎𝑐 , load resistance 𝑅𝐿 , LLC switching frequency 𝑓𝑠𝑤 , and cir-
cuit current/voltage waveform. Other conditions such as the grid voltage and the
56
PFC switching frequency are either uncontrollable or assumed to be constant. In
general
𝑃𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠_𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑓 (𝑉𝑑𝑐 , 𝑉𝑏𝑎𝑡 , 𝐼𝑏𝑎𝑡 ) (3.17)
Here we propose to further optimize the system efficiency by varying 𝑉𝑑𝑐 . Due
to the complexity of the LLC converter operating modes, every battery charging
condition can be realized by various combinations of 𝑓𝑠𝑤 and 𝑉𝑑𝑐 , which exhibits
different efficiency. A conventional PFC is controlled to output a constant dc-bus
voltage (𝑉𝑑𝑐 ), where the controller can only modify the switching frequency slightly
to maintain a desired charging profile. By varying the dc bus voltage, we have the
potential to gain an even higher efficiency.
3.2 System Test of Electric Network

After the system modeling and simulations, it’s the time to prove the concept by
building and testing a research prototype. The proposed control algorithm is exper-
imentally validated on the designed 10 kW 250–400 V SiC-based EV charger. The
designed 250–450 V/10 kW three-phase EV charger is used to verify the proposed
control method and the power-loss model. Two TI F28335 digital signal processor
(DSP) controllers are used to control the PFC/LLC/boost circuit. DSP1 controls the
boost PFC. DSP2 controls the LLC converter and the solar boost converter.
Tested efficiency using the variable dcbus control method and constant dc-bus
control method is shown in Figs. 3-19 and 3-20 by measuring voltages and currents
at the system input and output.
The dc-bus voltage is limited to 510–850 V to ensure safe operation. The simulated
efficiency is very close to the experimental efficiency. It is of note that these efficiency
curves included the loss of passive components. The tested efficiency also verified the
effectiveness of such variable dc-bus control over the load range in Fig. 3-21. The
efficiency curve is achieved from tests using constant 400V battery with 1 to 10kW
charging power.
57
Figure 3-19: Efficiency curve at 400 V/17 A output with variable dc-bus voltages
(G2V). Measured Eff. is obtained from measured voltages and currents at the system
input and output.
The optimal dc-bus voltage is calculated and set at 715 V by the PFC controller.
The LLC converter maintains the switching frequency at 120 kHz. As the load current
target changes, software fine-tunes the voltage set point to regulate the output current.
58
Figure 3-20: Efficiency curve at 400 V/8 A output with variable dc-bus voltages
(G2V).
Figure 3-21: Overall system efficiency curve comparison over a load range at 400
V/2.5–25 A between optimal dc-bus voltage control and constant 600 V dc-bus control
(G2V).
59
To conclude, a SiC-based three-phase EV charger made of a bidirectional PFC,
a bidirectional LLC converter, and a unidirectional solar boost converter. It is well
known that the LLC topology could realize the ZVS when charging the battery;
however, it is not very well explored that it could reach ZVS as well when used in
the V2G mode, which has been verified in this work. The double pulse test was first
used to measure the SiC MOSFET power loss. Based on that, the power conversion
efficiency is estimated using the current and voltage information derived from the LLC
converter statespace model. Compared with the conventional FHA method, state-
space models used in this work are more accurate when calculating the switching-
ON/OFF losses. The simulation results show that the overall system efficiency reaches
its peak value at the LLC resonant frequency.
Table 3.2: Our approach versus the state of the art in EV chargers.
Reference Efficiency Maximum Power(kW) V2G Capable Year of Completion

our work 96.0% 10 Yes 2016
[63] 90.0% 3.7 No 2014
[64] 95.0% 6.1 No 2014
[65] 94.0% 8 No 2014
[66] 95.0% 2 No 2015
[67] 93.8% 3.3 Yes 2015
[68] 94.5% 3.3 Yes 2015
[69] 94.6% 2 No 2016
[82] 95.2% 10 Yes 2019
[83] 95.3% 6.6 Yes 2019
The experimental results based on an all-SiC 10-kW EV charger prototype verified

the simulation results. Compared to existing state-of-art technologies [63–69, 82, 83]
shown in Table 3.2, our approach provides the efficiency increment of up to 2% in
average, shown in Fig. 3-22. Also, we achieved V2G by using controlled SiC MOSEFT
switches in our bi-directional circuit topology.
60
(a) State of Art Technologies in [63–69, 82, 83].
(b) Our Work with Smart EV Charger.
Figure 3-22: Comparison of Technologies in Solar-Powered EV Network.
61
62
Chapter 4
Centralization of Electronic Network
A wireless power transfer systems for multi-user charging is proposed to demonstrate

a robust quasi-uniform power efficiency in 3-D space. It employs a set of balanced
magnetic coils excited with phase-shifted currents on the transmitting side to feature
omnidirectionality. In this work, two transmitter structures, 2-coil and 3-coil systems
are discussed and compared. These systems produce a quasi-uniform magnetic field
magnitude regardless of the location of the receiving coils provided that the coils point
to the center of the transmitting system sphere at the same distance. A simulation
platform is established for the proposed method. Experimental results at 2MHz
substantiate uniform spatial efficiency, and bound the average error of analytical
calculations within 10%. Furthermore, the proposed method with rotating fields based
on phase-shifted currents shows that 3-coil system yields a higher and much more
stable efficiency range, 6.8% improvement on average efficiency and 88.7% reduction
on efficiency variance compared to the 2-coil system.
63
4.1 3-D Quasi-Uniform Wireless Power Transfer Sys-
tem
4.1.1 Modeling and Control
A. Circuit Model
A1. Single-Transmitter Single-Receiver (STSR) System
Consider first the single-transmitter and single-receiver (STSR) case shown in Fig. 4-
1. The magnetic coupling of the circuit is described as below
⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤
𝑣1 𝐿𝑡 𝑀 𝑖
⎣ ⎦ = 𝑗𝜔 ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ 1⎦ (4.1)
𝑣2 𝑀 𝐿𝑟 𝑖2
As determined by the load, the secondary voltage is therefore
1
𝑣2 = −(𝑅𝑟 + 𝑅𝑟−𝑟𝑎𝑑 + 𝑅𝐿 + )𝑖2 (4.2)
𝑗𝜔𝐶𝑟
where 𝑅𝑟 is resistance of the receiving coil, 𝑅𝐿 is load resistance, 𝐶𝑟 is a resonant

capacitance, and 𝑅𝑟−𝑟𝑎𝑑 is the equivalent radiation resistance of the receiving coil. The
radiation resistance, caused by the radiation of electromagnetic waves, is defined as
the ratio of radiation power over current squared. Since the radius of the transmitting
(Tx) coil (10cm) is much smaller than the wavelength of radiation (150m), Rr-rad can
be approximated as a magnetic dipole. The radiation power of the magnetic dipole
𝜇0 𝜔 4 |𝑚|2
is 123
where 𝜇0 is the permeability of free space, 𝜔 is the angular frequency, c
is speed of light, and m is the magnetic dipole moment [84]. For the Tx coil, the
magnetic dipole moment is proportional to its winding turns n, coverage area 𝜋𝛼2
namely 𝑛𝜋𝛼2 . Thus 𝑅𝑟−𝑟𝑎𝑑 can be further obtained as
𝑛𝜇0 𝜋𝛼4 4
𝑅𝑟−𝑟𝑎𝑑 = 𝜔 (4.3)
12𝑐3
64
where 𝛼 is radius of the coil, and n is the number of winding turns. When the
frequency 𝜔 is on the order of 1MHz, 𝛼 is on the order of 10 cm, and n is on the order
of 10, 𝑅𝑟−𝑟𝑎𝑑 becomes on the order of 10−7 Ω, and is thus negligible at single digit
MHz frequencies; however, 𝑅𝑟−𝑟𝑎𝑑 is proportional to the 4th power of the frequency
𝜔, thus if the frequency increases to 10 MHz for example, the radiation resistance
increases to the mΩ level, and becomes comparable to the coil resistance.
Figure 4-1: Circuit Model of STSR System.
When working at the resonance frequency of the transmitting coil and receiving
coil, combining 4.1 and 4.2 yields
𝑖1 𝑅𝑟 + 𝑅𝑟−𝑟𝑎𝑑 + 𝑅𝐿
= (4.4)
𝑖2 𝜔𝑀
as the ratio of transmitting-coil to receiving-coil coil current. Efficiency is defined

as the ratio of the output power to the power input to the transmitting system, which
is given by
𝑖2 𝑖*2 𝑅𝐿
𝜂= (4.5)
𝑖1 𝑖*1 (𝑅𝑡 + 𝑅𝑡−𝑟𝑎𝑑 ) + 𝑖1 𝑖*2 (𝑅𝑟 + 𝑅𝑟−𝑟𝑎𝑑 + 𝑅𝐿 )
where Rt is the resistance of transmitting coil, and Rt-rad is the equivalent re-
sistance of the transmitting coil radiation. Combining Eq. (4.4) and Eq. (4.5) then
allows the efficiency to be expressed as
𝑅𝑆 𝑅𝐿
𝜂= (4.6)
𝑅𝑆 + 𝑅𝑡 + 𝑅𝑡−𝑟𝑎𝑑 𝑅𝐿 + 𝑅𝑟 + 𝑅𝑟−𝑟𝑎𝑑
65
where
𝜔2𝑀 2
𝑅𝑆 = (4.7)
𝑅𝐿 + 𝑅𝑟 + 𝑅𝑟−𝑟𝑎𝑑
The efficiency expression shown in Eq. (4.6) is therefore the product of the transmitting-
𝑅𝑆 𝑅𝐿
side efficiency 𝑅𝑆 +𝑅𝑡 +𝑅𝑡−𝑟𝑎𝑑
and the receiving-side efficiency 𝑅𝐿 +𝑅𝑟 +𝑅𝑟−𝑟𝑎𝑑
.
A2. Multi-Transmitter Multi-Receiver (MTMR) System
The proposed system layout shown in Fig. 3 includes a transmitting subsystem with
phase-shifted current drives, a receiving-coil subsystem comprising multiple receiving
coils with electric loads, and a power electronics subsystem including the DC/AC in-
verter and power amplifiers. The transmitting subsystem is a balanced coil structure
so that the amplitude of the resulting magnetic field can be approximately uniform
with proper angle settings, as motivated by the rotating magnetic field of electric ma-
chines. Current sources with proper phase shift drive the transmitting coils, with each
coil having its own current source. Two balanced structures are proposed and found
to achieve a uniform-amplitude magnetic field, and hence a nearly-uniform efficiency
at the resonant frequency. These two structures are a 2-coil system and 3-coil system.
A practical objective is to use the fewest possible coils to achieve uniform efficiency,
thereby maintaining competitive cost. Circuit models of the 2-coil and 3-coil WPT
systems are shown in Fig. 4-3 and Fig. 4-4, respectively. On the transmitting side,
each coil has the same model, and the mutual inductances among them is zero owing
to the orthogonal structure. Therefore, no mutual inductance exists on the trans-
mitting side. Between the transmitting side and receiving side, mutual inductances
are created by the interaction of the transmitting coils and multiple receiving coils,
denoted as M1i, M2i, (M3i), respectively. A general case is discussed here: MTMR
with n transmitting coils and m receiving coils. Similar to the STSR case, the relation
between the coil voltage and currents can be described by
66
Figure 4-2: Equivalent Circuit Model for MTMR System.
⎡ ⎤
𝑣 ⎡ ⎤⎡ ⎤
⎢ 𝑡1 ⎥ 𝐿 . . . 𝑀𝑡1𝑛 𝑀11 ... 𝑀1𝑚 𝑖
⎢ .. ⎥ ⎢ 𝑡1 ⎥ ⎢ 𝑡1 ⎥
⎢ . ⎥ ⎢ .. .. .. .. .. ⎥ ⎢ .. ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ . . . . . ⎥⎢ . ⎥
⎢ 𝑣𝑡𝑛 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢ .. ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢𝑀𝑡𝑛1 . . . 𝐿𝑡𝑛 𝑀𝑛1 ... 𝑀𝑛𝑚 ⎥ ⎢ 𝑖𝑡𝑛 ⎥
⎢ . ⎥ = 𝑗𝜔 ⎢
⎢
⎥⎢ ⎥
⎥⎢ ⎥ (4.8)
⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 𝑀11 𝑀1𝑛 . . . 𝐿𝑟1 ... 𝑀𝑟1𝑚 ⎥ ⎢ 𝑖𝑟1 ⎥
⎢ 𝑣𝑟1 ⎥ ⎢
. . . .. .. .. ⎥ ⎢ .. ⎥
⎥⎢ ⎥
⎢ .. .. .. .
⎢
⎢ .. ⎥
⎢ ⎥ . . ⎥⎢ . ⎥
⎢ . ⎥ ⎣ ⎦⎣ ⎦
⎣ ⎦ 𝑀𝑚1 . . . 𝑀𝑚𝑛 𝑀𝑟𝑚1 ... 𝐿𝑟𝑚 𝑖𝑟𝑚
𝑣𝑟𝑚
where 𝑀𝑡𝑖𝑗 represents mutual inductance between the transmitting coils, 𝑀𝑟𝑖𝑗 rep-
resents mutual inductance between the receiving coils, 𝐿𝑡𝑖 represents self-inductance
of the transmitting coils, and 𝐿𝑟𝑖 represents self-inductance of the receiving coils. In
this case, because the transmitting coils are orthogonal, 𝑀𝑡𝑖𝑗 = 0.
As taken from 4.8, the voltages of the receiving coils are
67
Figure 4-3: Circuit Model of MTMR System of 2-coil system
⎡ ⎤
𝑖
⎤ ⎢ 𝑡1 ⎥
⎢ .. ⎥
⎡ ⎤ ⎡
𝑣 𝑀 . . . 𝑀1𝑛 𝐿𝑟1 ... 0 ⎢ . ⎥
⎢ 𝑟1 ⎥ ⎢ 11
⎢ .. ⎥ ⎢ .. .. .. .. ⎥ ⎢
⎥⎢ ⎥
.. ..
⎢ . ⎥ = 𝑗𝜔 ⎢ . . . (4.9)
⎥
. . . ⎥ ⎢ 𝑖𝑡𝑛 ⎥
⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥
𝑣𝑟𝑚 𝑀𝑚1 . . . 𝑀𝑚𝑛 0 . . . 𝐿𝑟𝑚 ⎢ 𝑖𝑟1 ⎥
..
⎣ ⎦
.𝑖𝑟𝑚
Separately, the voltage of each receiving coil can be represented by
1
𝑣𝑟𝑖 = −(𝑅𝑟𝑖 + 𝑅𝑟−𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖 + 𝑅𝐿𝑖 + )𝑖𝑟𝑖 (4.10)
𝑗𝜔𝐶𝑟𝑖
where i is from 1 to m. Let the currents of transmitting coils to be
𝑖𝑡𝑖 = 𝑖𝑡 𝛽𝑖 𝑒𝛼𝑖 (4.11)
where it is the normal current of the transmitting coil-set, and 𝛽𝑖 and 𝛼𝑖 the
normalized amplitude coefficient and phase of corresponding transmitting coils. When
all transmitting and receiving coils resonate at the same frequency, similar to the
68
Figure 4-4: Circuit Model of MTMR System of 3-coil system
STSR case, the ratio of the norm of the transmitter currents and receiving coil current
is
𝑖𝑡 𝑅𝑟𝑖 + 𝑅𝑟−𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖 + 𝑅𝐿𝑖

= (4.12)
𝑖𝑟𝑖 𝜔𝑀𝑒𝑓 𝑓 𝑖
Efficiency is again defined as
∑︀𝑚
𝑖𝑟𝑖 𝑖*𝑟𝑖 𝑅𝐿𝑖
𝑖=1∑︀
𝜂 = ∑︀𝑚 (4.13)
*
𝑖=1 𝑖𝑡𝑖 𝑖𝑡𝑖 (𝑅𝑡𝑖 + 𝑅𝑡−𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖 ) + 𝑚 *
𝑖=1 𝑖𝑟𝑖 𝑖𝑟𝑖 (𝑅𝑟𝑖 + 𝑅𝑟−𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖 + 𝑅𝐿𝑖 )
Substituting Eq. (4.12), efficiency becomes
𝑛
𝑅𝑆 ∑︁ 𝑅𝑆𝑖 𝑅𝐿𝑖
𝜂= (4.14)
𝑅𝑆 + 𝑅𝑡 𝑖=1 𝑅𝑆 𝑅𝐿𝑖 + 𝑅𝑟𝑖 + 𝑅𝑟−𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖
where
69
𝑛
∑︁
𝑅𝑡 = 𝛽𝑖2 (𝑅𝑡𝑖 + 𝑅𝑡−𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖 ) (4.15)
𝑖=1
𝑚
∑︁
𝑅𝑠 = 𝑅𝑠𝑖 (4.16)
𝑖=1
𝜔 2 𝑀𝑒𝑓
2
𝑓𝑖
𝑅𝑠𝑖 = (4.17)
𝑅𝐿𝑖 + 𝑅𝑟𝑖 + 𝑅𝑟−𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖
𝑛
∑︁
𝑀𝑒𝑓 𝑓 𝑖 = 𝑀𝑗𝑖 𝛽𝑗 exp𝛼𝑗 (4.18)
𝑗=1
which is defined as the effective mutual inductance of corresponding receiving coil.

Substituting Eq. (4.15) - Eq. (4.18), Eq. (4.14) becomes
𝑘1𝑖 𝑀 2
∑︀
𝜂= ∑︀ 𝑒𝑓 𝑓 𝑖2
𝑖
(4.19)
𝑅𝑟 + 𝑖 𝑘2𝑖 𝑀𝑒𝑓 𝑓 𝑖
where
𝜔2
𝑘2𝑖 = (4.20)
𝑅𝐿𝑖 + 𝑅𝑟𝑖 + 𝑅𝑟−𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖
𝜔 2 𝑅𝐿𝑖
𝑘1𝑖 = (4.21)
(𝑅𝐿𝑖 + 𝑅𝑟𝑖 + 𝑅𝑟−𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖 )2
Although Eq. (4.19) shows a non-linear relationship between efficiency and effec-
tive mutual inductance, it shows that the relationship depends on a combination of
resistances which are constant at a given frequency 𝜔. Thus, the efficiency has a
positive relationship with the effective mutual inductance of multiple receivers at a
given frequency. Finally, the ratio of a user’s power to the total power input to the
transmitting coil is
𝑃𝑖 𝑅𝑆𝑖 𝑅𝐿𝑖
= (4.22)
𝑃𝑡 𝑅𝑆 + 𝑅𝑡 𝑅𝐿𝑖 + 𝑅𝑟𝑖 + 𝑅𝑟−𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖
The expressions for efficiency and receiver power can be understood by the equiv-
70
alent circuit of the MTMR WPT system shown in Fig. 3, where 𝑍𝐿𝑖 = 𝑅𝑟𝑖 +𝑅𝑟−𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖 +
1
𝑅𝐿𝑖 + 𝑗𝜔𝐶𝑟𝑖
+ 𝑗𝜔𝐿𝑟𝑖 .
B. Effective Mutual Inductance
The mutual inductance between two coils [55] is
∮︁ ∮︁
𝜇0 𝐼𝑑𝑙 ′
𝑀= 𝑑𝑙 (4.23)
4𝜋 𝐿′ 𝐿 𝑟
where L and L’ are curve following the two coils, and r is the distance between the
two coil segments. The effective mutual inductance can be calculated by Eq. (4.18)
thereafter. The 2-coil system in Fig. 4-5 comprises two vertical coils, and the 3-coil
system in Fig. 4-6 comprises three tilted coils. The tableplane shows transmitting coils
are orthogonal in both of the structures. The normal vectors of the 2-coil system are
(1,0,0) and (0,1,0); and of the 3-coil system are (− √12 , √1 ,− √1 ),
6 3
( √12 , √16 , - √13 ), and
(0, - √26 , - √13 ). To measure the mutual inductance distribution, consider the table-
plane with the receiving coil facing the z axis (coil A in Fig. 4-5) and the sphere with
the receiving coil facing the radial direction (coil B in Fig. 4-6). Fig. 4-7 shows the
flowchart of the phase-shift control method. The operating mode is automatically
selected between 2-phase and 3-phase based on environmental parameters.
71
Figure 4-5: Placement of the transmitting and receiving coil:2-Coil system.
Figure 4-6: Placement of the transmitting and receiving coil: 3-Coil system.
72
Figure 4-7: Flowchart of phase-shift control.
73
For evaluation purposes, let the radius of each transmitting coil be 7.5 cm, and
each receiving coil be 5 cm. The effective mutual inductance for driven currents with
and without phase shift for the 2-coil structure and 3-coil structure are compared,
respectively. First, 2-coil structure has two coils, coil 1 and coil 2’s effective mutual
inductance shown in Fig. 4-8 has the same shape but different direction since they
are placed in different position as shown in Fig. 4-5. The sum of these two vectors
results in the effective mutual inductance shown in Fig. 4-9.
Figure 4-8: Planar mutual inductance distribution of 2-Coil structure: effective mu-
tual inductance without phase shift of each coil.
74
Figure 4-9: Planar mutual inductance distribution of 2-Coil structure: effective mu-
tual inductance without phase shift of vector sum.
Similarly, 3-coil structure has three coils, coil 1, coil 2 and coil 3’s effective mutual
inductance shown in Fig. 4-10 has the same shape but different direction since they
are placed in different position as shown in Fig. 4-6. The sum of these three vectors
results in the effective mutual inductance shown in Fig. 4-11. These graphs explain
the condition without phase shift.
Figure 4-10: Planar mutual inductance distribution of 3-Coil structure: effective

mutual inductance without phase shift of each coil.
75
Figure 4-11: Planar mutual inductance distribution of 3-Coil structure: effective
mutual inductance without phase shift of vector sum.
Second, we introduce the phase shift method for each structure, 2-coil structure
has 90degrees phase shift between each coil, and 3-coil structure has 120degrees be-
tween each coil. The vector sum of them are in complex form, and its magnitude of
planar view are shown in Fig. 4-12 for the 2-coil structure and Fig. 4-13 for the 3-coil
structure. The value of magnitude for the 3-coil case is smaller because the relatively
laying position as shown in Fig. 4-6.
76
Figure 4-12: Planar mutual inductance distribution of 2-Coil structure: magnitude
of effective mutual inductance with 90 degrees phase shift.
Figure 4-13: Planar mutual inductance distribution of 3-Coil structure: magnitude

of effective mutual inductance with 120 degrees phase shift.
77
These figures show that, when the currents are in phase, the effective mutual
inductance only has high intensity at two quadrants for the 2-coil structure, and at
the center where receiver cannot reach for the 3-coil structure. Comparing Fig. 4-9
and Fig. 4-12, andFig. 4-11 and Fig. 4-13 it is apparent that proper phase shift of
the driven currents can generate nearly equal strong effective mutual inductance all
around the transmitter if the receiving coil is placed on the table plane.
The 3-D diagram of mutual inductance distribution on the sphere with 20 cm ra-
dius for the 2-coil and 3-coil structures are shown in Fig. 4-14 - Fig. 4-19, respectively.
In a manner analogous to the radiation pattern of an antenna, under the spherical
coordinates, the radii to the surfaces represent the absolute value of mutual induc-
tance of the receiving coil placed at corresponding angle with radial orientation. By
comparing Fig. 4-15 and Fig. 4-18, and Fig. 4-17 to Fig. 4-19, it is apparent that
the use of proper phase-shifts for drive currents can enhance the mutual inductance
around the entire 3-D space in the vicinity.
Figure 4-14: 3D mutual inductance distribution of 2-Coil structure: effective mutual

inductance without phase shift of each coil.
78
inductance without phase shift of vector sum.
Figure 4-16: 3D mutual inductance distribution of 3-Coil structure:effective mutual

inductance without phase shift of each coil.
79
inductance without phase shift of vector sum.
80
Figure 4-18: 3D mutual inductance distribution of 2-Coil structure: magnitude of
effective mutual inductance with 90degrees phase shift of vector sum.
81
Figure 4-19: 3D mutual inductance distribution of 3-Coil structure: magnitude of
effective mutual inductance with 120degrees phase shift of vector sum.
82
Figure 4-20: Another View for Fig. 4-15.
83
84
85
86
C. Efficiency
C1. Efficiency Distribution of Single Receiver
The number of turns for each transmitting and receiving coil of the two structures
are set to 20 and 10, respectively. In this case, the resistance density of the wire is
0.51 Ω/m at 2 MHz for Litz wire with a diameter size of 1.5mm , and the appropriate
load resistance is
√︃
(𝑅𝑟 + 𝑅𝑟−𝑟𝑎𝑑 )(𝜔𝑀 )2
𝑅𝐿 = (𝑅𝑟 + 𝑅𝑟−𝑟𝑎𝑑 )2 + (4.24)
𝑅𝑡 + 𝑅𝑡−𝑟𝑎𝑑
Correspondingly, the optimized efficiency distributions for a single receiver at 2

MHz for the two structures driven by phase-shifted current are shown in Fig. 4-27
and Fig. 4-29.
C2. Efficiency of Multiple Receivers and Minimum Receiving Power among

Users
The efficiency of multiple receivers and minimum receiving power among users are
two important factors measuring the charging quality of WPT, efficiency is the sum
of each receiving power over the input power while minimum receiving power is the
minimal one of receiving powers over the input power. Referring to Fig. 9, three
cases are analyzed below: (i) 4 receivers placed at 1, 3, 5 and 7; (ii) 4 receivers placed
at 2, 4, 6, and 8; and (iii) 8 receivers placed at all positions. At 2 MHz, the receivers
are both 15 cm away from the transmitter, and all load resistances are 5 Ω. TABLE
I show the minimum power ratio (minimum receiving power over input power) and
overall power efficiency of the 2-coil structure and 3- coil structure. C. V. stands for
current vector, which is the vector of normalized current coefficients 𝛽. As can be seen
from the rightmost column in Table I, which introduces appropriate phase shifts, the
power transfer is drastically increased on efficiency with proper phase shifts, availing
simultaneous power delivery to all users. Fig. 4-24 and Fig. 4-25 shows the vertical
view.
87
Figure 4-24: Vertical View of WPT with Multiple Receivers: 2-Coil Structure.
88
Figure 4-25: Vertical View of WPT with Multiple Receivers: 3-Coil Structure.
89
D. Benchmark Comparison
Current WPT technologies are discussed in [85]. The representative methods [34–39,
51, 86–90] as mentioned in the Introduction section are Witricity (resonant inductive
charging), MagMIMO (position-free charging), and Qi (contacted). A detailed list
below in Table 4.2 shows the advantages of the proposed system over multiple features,
2D means 2D position-free, 3D means 3D position-free. Our proposed method shows
the greatest convenience by providing 3D charging regardless of the receivers’ position.
Table 4.1: Benchmark Comparison.
Methods Multi-Charge Dist. Charge 2D 3D Uniform Eff.

Proposed Y Y Y Y Y
Witricity [10] N Y N N N
MagMIMO [51] N Y Y Y N
Qi Charging [34–39] Y N N N N
2-Coil [86] Y Y Y N N
3-Coil [87, 88] Y Y Y N N
4-Coil [89, 90] Y Y Y N N
4.2 System Test of Electronic Network
The 3-D diagram of mutual inductance distribution on the sphere with 20 cm radius
for the 2-coil and 3-coil structures are shown in Fig. 4-14 - Fig. 4-19, respectively. In
a manner analogous to the radiation pattern of an antenna, under the spherical co-
ordinates, the radii to the surfaces represent the absolute value of mutual inductance
of the receiving coil placed at corresponding angle with radial orientation. By com-
paring Fig. 4-15 and Fig. 4-18, and Fig. 4-17 to Fig. 4-19, it is apparent that the use
of a proper drive-current phase shift can reduce the low effective mutual inductance
region.
90
4.2.1 Experiment Setup
The proposed system consists a transmitting subsystem which is configured either

as 2-coil structure or 3-coil structure, receiving subsystem which includes multiple
receiving coils with loads, and power electronics system comprising a signal generator
and power amplifiers. The experiment setup is shown in Fig. 10. We use two power
amplifiers, power amp1 is made by Amplifier Research, model 150A100B, 150Watts
output, 10kHz -100 MHz, 55dB gain (nominal), power Amp 2: ENI, model 3100LA
RF Power Amplifier, 100Watts output, 250kHz – 1500 MHz, 55dB (nominal). We
use scope of Tektronix 4-Channel 1GHz. Signal generator is high precision dual-
channel signal source generator with sampling rate 200MsA/S, 25MHz, model number
is KKmoon MHS-5200A.
Figure 4-26: Experiment Test Bench. Receiving coils on the table with 40cm away
from the center of transmitting coils in this picture.
Case 1: 2-Coil Structure, 90degrees phase shift (2MHz)
From Eq. (4.9), the open-circuit voltage of a single receiver can be regarded as having
a linear relationship with the normal transmitting current given a fixed frequency, so
the effective mutual inductance between one loop of transmitting coil and one loop
of receiving coil is measured by the ratio of open-circuit voltage of the receiving coil
𝑉𝑟−𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑛 and normal current of the transmitting coil i𝑡 .
The measurement results of the effective mutual inductance are shown in Fig. 4-27.
91
Figure 4-27: Experimental results of effective mutual inductance for the 2-Coil struc-
ture.
The error rate, namely the difference between the experimental results and theo-
retical calculations based on the model of section II, ranges from -21% to 16% with
an average of 10.3% as shown in Fig. 4-28. This error rate demonstrates the close
match between experiment and theory.
92
Figure 4-28: Error Rate of Experiment Versus Theory.
The efficiency distribution of a single receiving coil with optimized load resistance
by Eq. (4.24) is measured by the ratio of receiving power to transmitting power, which
is shown in Fig. 4-29.
Case 2: 3-Coil Structure, 120degress phase shift (2MHz)
The effective mutual inductance for the 3-coil structure is shown in Fig. 4-30.
93
Figure 4-29: Efficiency distribution of the 2-coil structure.
94
Figure 4-30: Experimental results of effective mutual inductance for the 3-Coil struc-
ture.
95
The error rate ranges from –24.4% to 17.5% with an average of 8.03% as shown
in Fig. 4-31.
Figure 4-31: Error Rate of Experiment Versus Theory.
The efficiency distribution of a single receiving coil with optimized load resistance
by Eq. (4.24) is shown in Fig. 4-32. The overall efficiency and minimum receiving
power is shown in Table 4.2.
96
Figure 4-32: Efficiency distribution of the 3-coil structure.
Case 2 with phase-shifts of 120 degrees shows an even higher efficiency in the
3-D space, ensuring the broader and more uniform high-efficiency charging range. It
may lead to extra material in comparison to Case 1 with a phase-shift of 90 degrees.
Depending on the coil material, the extra cost may be significant.
The overall efficiency and minimum receiving power with 4 and 8 receivers with
load resistance of 5 placed in the positions shown in Fig. 4-29 with the distance of
15 cm to the center is shown in Table 4.2 in regards to C2 in section C, where the
minimum receiving power ratio is defined as ratio of the lowest receiving power over
the total input power, different from the efficiency defined as ratio of power of all
receiving coils over the input power, further calculations yield the average efficiency
97
of 66.04% and variance of 0.26 for the 2-coil system, average efficiency of 70.53% and
variance of 0.03 for the 3-coil system, which means 6.8% improvement on average
efficiency and 88.7% reduction on its variance for the 3-coil system as the winner.
Table 4.2: Experimental Result of the 2-Coil 3-Coil Structure.
* 2-Coil 3-Coil
Measure
Efficiency Min. Rec. Power Ratio Efficiency Min. Rec. Power Ratio
Case
Theory 57.66% 14.42% 68.61% 15.85%
i
Experiment 58.97% 12.02% 68.54% 12.81%
Theory 68.11% 17.03% 70.89% 15.89%
ii
Experiment 68.64% 13.79% 70.37% 15.19%
Theory 70.08% 4.70% 72.89% 6.77%
iii
Experiment 70.52% 3.13% 72.69% 4.39%
4.2.2 Demonstration
For the purposes of best illustration, colorful LEDs are used to emulate the electric
load as shown in Fig. 4-33. The performance of the 2-coil structure and 3-coil structure
is shown respectively.
Figure 4-33: Demonstration experiment: a) WPT set-up; b) 2-coil structure; c) 3-coil

structure.
To conclude, For WPT systems, an effective method to create quasi-uniform effi-

ciency in 3-D space around the transmitting system is proposed and examined the-
oretically. The key novelty is the application of phase-shifting method on balanced
98
magnetic coil structures, which clearly show the distinct outcome compared with tra-
ditional non-phase shifting method. The 3-coil structure is verified to have a more
robust efficiency delivery with 88.7% reduction on the variance when compared with
the 2-coil structure. Experimental results have verified the theoretical calculations
with less than 10% average error rate. The study shows that: (1) the effective mutual
inductance distribution around the transmitter is quasi-uniform when the transmit-
ting coil-set is driven by properly phase-shifted currents; (2) the rotating magnetic
field proved by phase-shifted current driving will form a quasi-uniform efficiency dis-
tribution for single user, and higher minimum receiving power ratio for multiple users;
and (3) the 3-coil structure driven by 120 degrees phase-shift current shows better
performance – a higher and much more stable efficiency, compared with the 2-coil
structure driven by 90 degrees phase-shift current, variation reduced by 88.7%, aver-
age efficiency improved by 6.8%. However, the 2-coil system is more economic with
33% reduction on the material cost. To summarize, the proposed WPT system shows
robustness and flexibility to the receivers’ position and orientation in a complicated
multi-user environment.
99
100
Chapter 5
System Modeling and Operation

Analysis
This section summarizes system operation at the Stone Edge Farm micro-grid site
from January through December, 2017. The primary objective of data mining for
micro-grid site is to validate the claimed merits of our proposed methods in Chapter
3 by analyzing usage of renewable sources and economics of the operation. After a
study on data analysis, solar plants on the rooftops of the farm generate an average
of 342kWh energy per day, and electric loads (excluding the storage - batteries) of
this site consumes an average range of 360-480kWh energy (15-20kW for 24 hours)
per day, hence the renewable energy usage ratio is 71% - 95%. Moreover, this site is
able to achieve 100% renewable energy supply with proper electricity use on sunny
days. With quantitative analysis, we can conclude the combination of solar power
and battery storage system (BSS) can provide the most economic saving of up to
29% compared with the traditional system which has no solar power and storage.
The analysis is based on the data acquisition sources from Enphase, a leading solar
micro-inverter company headquartered in Petaluma, CA, and Wattsworth, an on-line
data management site developed at MIT. Mr. Craig Wooster oversaw the operation
staff at the farm.
101
5.1 Mathematical modeling and system characteri-
zation
The Micro-Grid site at Stone Edge Farm is made up of five nodes, in other words,
switching points - DER (no node number), node 1 through 4 as shown in Fig. 5-1.
Although the latest updates add another plant – node 5 located in Napa, since node 5
is not in the research scope, we still consider five nodes for the site. Its system layout
is described as follows: DER is equipped with hydrogen electrolyzers and Aquion’s
Sodium-ion batteries; Node 1 is equipped with a 65kW Capstone’s micro-turbine,
Node 2 is equipped with Energy Storage Systems (ESS)’s iron flow batteries and
the main network server powered by Sony’s LiFePO4 batteries; Node 3 is equipped
with a common box, a chicken coop and some dining shops; Node 4 is equipped with
Tesla’s energy storage system, a garage with large PV plant on the roof. Every power
plant has electric transformer(s) to convert the voltage to proper values. Each node
is equipped with solar arrays which are detailed in part A of Section 5.1.1.
102
Figure 5-1: Micro-Grid Site at Stone Edge Farm, Sonoma, Cali., Overview of Each
Node Described Above.
5.1.1 System Parameters
Various power components are utilized in this micro-grid system: solar photovoltaic
arrays, a gas fired micro-turbine provided by Capstone, fuel cells, hydrogen elec-
trolyzers, and batteries. Hydrogen generator and storage is in conjunction with the
fuel cells energy storage. Four types of batteries are used: sodium-ion batteries from
Aquion, iron flow batteries from ESS, LiFePO 4 batteries from Sony, and Lithium-
Ion batteries from Tesla. The power details of each component are summarized in
Fig. 5-2.This section describes the primary components, their functions and operation
constraints, in the real MCESS, Stone Edge Farm, to be further analyzed. The main
components of Stone Edge Farm MCESS include solar photovoltaic arrays, combined
heat and power system (CHP), electric heat pump (EHP), absorption chiller, boiler,
103
BSS, HSS, and load, which will be illustrated in detailed throughout this section.
A. Solar Arrays
Solar arrays serve as the major power generation source in the system, with its current
capacity of 140kW. Solar photovoltaic arrays (PVs) are installed into eight sections
spanning the five power nodes as defined above. Eight sections, ranking from the high-
est power rating to the lowest one, are as follows: Autobarn, AG-SHED, ZEN/SPA,
Bulter Building, Guest House, Gate House, Garage, and Glide House. The locations
are marked in the geographic map in Fig. 5-3. Please note that this map was captured
by the satellite in the earlier time when only a few solar PVs were installed. Solar
photovoltaic arrays in this Multi-Carrier Energy Storage Systems(MCESS) serve as
a primary electric power source, with maximum output electric power capability of
122kW converted by Enphase M250 and S280 micro-inverters. The solar photovoltaic
arrays are installed on the roofs of eight buildings in the MCESS as shown in Fig. 2.
The electric power injected to the MCESS from the solar photovoltaic arrays should
be less than the maximum available solar power at each time point. In order to
maintain system reliability, solar power will be stored to BSS firstly as in Eq. (5.1)
below.
0 ≤ 𝑆(𝑡) ≤ 𝑆𝑀 𝑎𝑥 (𝑡) (5.1)
B. Combined Heat and Power System (CHP)
The electric and heating systems are coupled by CHP in the MCESS, which uses
natural gas to produce electricity, and the waste heat from the Capstone turbine
is a power generation source for balancing the heat loads in the heating system [91,
92].CHP can meet heating power demand with less cost than EHP when local natural
gas price is relatively lower than electricity price. CHP in Stone Edge Farm MCESS
is mainly driven by a Capstone Gas turbine C65 natural gas-fired variable external
combustion engine as shown in Fig.1 below. The combined heat and power efficiency
is up to 90%. Among the converted power from natural gas, 68% goes to heating
power and the remaining becomes electric power, which would be the maximum
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available heating and electric power from CHP at different time point given certain
amount of natural gas input. The Capstone Gas turbine uses natural gas to produce
electricity, and waste heat from the turbine is a power generation source for a heater
system, with a power rating of 65kW. It is equipped with an absorption cooler. It
is located next to the owner’s house. Considering CHP limitations, the maximum
output heating power 𝐻𝐶𝐻𝑃 is 52kW and maximum output electric power 𝐸𝐶𝐻𝑃 is
65kW as in Eq. (5.2) below.
0 ≤ 𝐻𝐶𝐻𝑃 (𝑡) ≤ 𝑚𝑖𝑛{𝐺𝐶𝐻𝑃 (𝑡)𝜂𝐶𝐻𝑃,𝐶𝑜𝑚 𝜂𝐶𝐻𝑃,𝐻 , 𝐻𝐶𝐻𝑃 𝑀 𝑎𝑥 } (5.2a)
0 ≤ 𝐸𝐶𝐻𝑃 (𝑡) ≤ 𝑚𝑖𝑛{𝐺𝐶𝐻𝑃 (𝑡)𝜂𝐶𝐻𝑃,𝐶𝑜𝑚 𝜂𝐶𝐻𝑃,𝐸 , 𝐸𝐶𝐻𝑃 𝑀 𝑎𝑥 } (5.2b)
C. Electric Heat Pump(EHP)
EHP system Jandy Pro Series Hi-E2 with water supply in Stone Edge Farm. The EHP
system is capable of generating maximum heating power 80kW and maximum cooling
power 80kW. Since EHP system cannot generate both heating and cooling power at
the same time, binary variables 𝐼𝐸𝐻𝑃,𝐶 and 𝐼𝐸𝐻𝑃,𝐻 are adopted in this research to
indicate the corresponding operation status and put the constraint at different time
as in Eq. (5.3).
0 ≤ 𝐻𝐸𝐻𝑃 (𝑡) ≤ 𝐻𝐸𝐻𝑃 𝑀 𝑎𝑥 𝐼𝐸𝐻𝑃,𝑃 (5.3a)
0 ≤ 𝐶𝐸𝐻𝑃 (𝑡) ≤ 𝐶𝐸𝐻𝑃 𝑀 𝑎𝑥 𝐼𝐸𝐻𝑃,𝐶 (𝑡) (5.3b)
0 ≤ 𝐼𝐸𝐻𝑃,𝐶 (𝑡) + 𝐼𝐸𝐻𝑃,𝐻 (𝑡) ≤ 1 (5.3c)
D. Absorption Chiller
The absorption chiller is equipped on CHP capstone turbine system. The maximum
output cooling power is 65kW with efficiency of 80% from converting the received
natural gas as formulated in Eq. (5.4)
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𝐶𝐶 (𝑡) = 𝐺𝐶 (𝑡)𝜂𝐶 (5.4a)
0 ≤ 𝐶𝐶 (𝑡) ≤ 𝐶𝐶𝑀 𝑎𝑥 (5.4b)
E. Boiler
The boiler equipped on CHP capstone turbine system in Stone Edge Farm MCESS.
The maximum output heating power is 80kW from converting the received natural
gas as formulated in Eq. (5.5) below.
𝐻𝐵 (𝑡) = 𝐺𝐵 (𝑡)𝜂𝐵 (5.5a)
0 ≤ 𝐻𝐵 (𝑡) ≤ 𝐻𝐵𝑀 𝑎𝑥 (5.5b)
F. Battery Storage System (BSS)
Five types of batteries are used in the system for energy storage purpose of electric
power supply, electric vehicles, and network servers. Here we focus on Tesla Lithium-
Ion batteries 250kW/475kWh since they are the major electric power storage system
in Stone Edge Farm as shown in Fig. 6. This utility-scale battery consists of five
50kW/95kWh cabinet-and-rack units, each containing 16 individual pods of lithium
cobalt ion batteries. The BSS charging efficiency is 92% with maximum charging
power 250kW, and the discharging efficiency is 90% with maximum discharging power
250kW as in Eq. (5.6). Besides, since BSS can only work in either charging or dis-
charging status, binary variables IBSS, Cha and IBSS, Dis are adopted here to put
this constraint and indicate the corresponding operation status at different time.
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𝐸𝐵𝑆𝑆,𝐷𝑖𝑠
𝐸𝐵𝑆𝑆,𝑆 (𝑡 + 1) = 𝐸𝐵𝑆𝑆,𝑆 (𝑡) + 𝐸𝐵𝑆𝑆,𝐶ℎ𝑎 (𝑡)∆𝑇 𝜂𝐵𝑆𝑆,𝐶ℎ𝑎 − ∆𝑇 (5.6a)
𝜂𝐵𝑆𝑆,𝐷𝑖𝑠
0 ≤ 𝐸𝐵𝑆𝑆,𝐶ℎ𝑎 (𝑡) ≤ 𝐸𝐵𝑆𝑆,𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑀 𝑎𝑥 𝐼𝐵𝑆𝑆,𝐶ℎ𝑎 (𝑡) (5.6b)
0 ≤ 𝐸𝐵𝑆𝑆,𝐷𝑖𝑠 (𝑡) ≤ 𝐸𝐵𝑆𝑆,𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑀 𝑎𝑥 𝐼𝐵𝑆𝑆,𝐷𝑖𝑠 (𝑡) (5.6c)
0 ≤ 𝐼𝐵𝑆𝑆,𝐶ℎ𝑎 (𝑡) ≤ 𝐸𝐵𝑆𝑆,𝐷𝑖𝑠 (𝑡) <= 1 (5.6d)
0 ≤ 𝐸𝐵𝑆𝑆,𝑆 ≤ 𝐸𝐵𝑆𝑆,𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 (5.6e)
G. Hydrogen Storage System(HSS)
Millennium Reign Energy Series 3 hydrogen storage and fueling station SHFA model
300 are applied in the HSS. Hydrogen is stored here in 24 one-kg red carbon fiber and
steel tanks at 6,000psi to supply demands from Toyota Mirai fuel cell cars. Hydro-
gen electrolyzer, by its name, generates hydrogen that can later produce electricity
through the electro-chemical reactions in fuel cells or that can be used by fuel cell
cars. The equivalent maximum HSS capacity is 800kWh.The maximum charging
power is 400kW with efficiency of 60%, and the maximum discharging power is also
400kW with efficiency of 60%. Similarly, as HSS can only work in either charging or
discharging status, binary variables IHSS, Cha and IHSS, Dis are adopted for indi-
cating the corresponding operation status and put the constraint at different time as
in Eq. (5.7). If direct charging is applied for HVs instead of using the storage, the
efficiency of electric-to-hydrogen is 65%.
𝑅𝐻𝑆𝑆,𝐷𝑖𝑠
𝐸𝐻𝑆𝑆,𝑆 (𝑡 + 1) = 𝐸𝐻𝑆𝑆,𝑆 (𝑡) + 𝐸𝐵𝑆𝑆,𝐶ℎ𝑎 (𝑡)∆𝑇 𝜂𝐻𝑆𝑆,𝐶ℎ𝑎 − ∆𝑇 (5.7a)
𝜂𝐻𝑆𝑆,𝐷𝑖𝑠
0 ≤ 𝐸𝐻𝑆𝑆,𝐶ℎ𝑎 (𝑡) ≤ 𝐸𝐻𝑆𝑆,𝐶ℎ𝑎𝑀 𝑎𝑥 𝐼𝐻𝑆𝑆,𝐶ℎ𝑎 (𝑡) (5.7b)
0 ≤ 𝑅𝐻𝑆𝑆,𝐷𝑖𝑠 (𝑡) ≤ 𝑅𝐻𝑆𝑆,𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑀 𝑎𝑥 𝐼𝐻𝑆𝑆,𝐷𝑖𝑠 (𝑡) (5.7c)
0 ≤ 𝐼𝐻𝑆𝑆,𝐶ℎ𝑎 (𝑡) ≤ 𝐸𝐻𝑆𝑆,𝐷𝑖𝑠 (𝑡) <= 1 (5.7d)
0 ≤ 𝑅𝐻𝑆𝑆,𝑆 ≤ 𝑅𝐻𝑆𝑆,𝑆𝑚𝑎𝑥 (5.7e)
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H. Fuel Cells
Fuel cells use hydrogen from electrolyzers to generate electricity, some of them are
used to feed an emergency bus called critical bus. Their power rating is 30kW.
Hydrogen Electrolyzers
Figure 5-2: Power Table of Electric Components.
5.1.2 Renewable Energy Source - Solar Power
Solar generations at the farm contribute the majority of the electricity as a renewable
energy source. With an installed power of 140kW, the farm is, in principle, capable
of performing normal operations without the use of the grid during the sunny days.
However, due to the ongoing construction and technical issues such as partial shading
and cross-talk communications as shown in Fig. 5-4, the major solar plants generate
65KW (observed peak value) per day by our measurement, which means only 53.5%
of the installed power (121.59kW as detailed in the following sentence) is actually
being used. The current solar installation has four major sites: Zen Spa (23.1kW),
Main House/Butler Building (8.67kW), Autobarn (58.2kW) which is divided into two
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portions: AutobarnNorth and Autobarn-node 4, and AG-SHED(31.62kW), totaling
of 121.59kW. The rest of solar plants are located in Garage, Guest, Gate, and Slide
Houses, they are not on the data monitoring list, which can be viewed in Fig. 5-3.
Figure 5-3: Map View of the Solar Locations. Picture Sourced From Google 2016.
The solar system is managing by Enphase, a micro-inverter supplier company.

Enphase has a data acquisition platform for the solar generation. Wattsworth, a
technology developed at MIT to measure electrical properties by magnetic sensing,
also has an access to the operation data. For the better credibility, we use both plat-
forms to analyze the data. The tables below detail the performance of four major
solar generating elements as mentioned above. The first table shows the operating
condition of the solar panels by using % percentage to indicate the ratio of working
solar cells among the total cells; description term full means full system were op-
erating, partial means either only some of solar panels were operating or the data
acquisition stopped for a few days of a month, N/A means the system data is not
available shown in Table 5.1.
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Table 5.1: Overview of Solar Planets.
Solar Label Location Installed Power(kW) Measured Power in Average(kW)

1 ZEN/SPA 23.1 20
2 Main/Butler Bldg 8.67 7.56
AutobarnNorth
3 58.2 7.74
Autobarn-node4
4 AG-SHED 31.62 29.7
Table 5.2: Operating Condition of Each Solar Location.
Mon
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Loc
1 87% 87% 87% 87% 87% 87% 87% N/A 87%
2 N/A N/A N/A 86% 86% 89% 89% 89% 89%
3 94% 94% Partial Partial Partial Partial Partial N/A Partial
3 Partial Partial N/A N/A N/A Partial Partial N/A Partial
4 98% 98% 95% 94% 94% 94% 94% N/A 98%
From the above tables, we can conclude that Autobarn’s solar panels has been
experiencing system malfunction issues which include partial shade problem with trees
and some non-operative solar panels as shown below in Fig. 5-4, which contribute to
the major loss of solar energy generation.
Figure 5-4: Technical Issues Causing Insufficient Solar Energy Generation.
Due to the malfunction issues, we filter the data by considering the solar panels
operating condition, which means the data in May through July is removed since
a major solar plant Autobarn-node 4 has zero value and the data in October and
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November is removed since the October’s wild fire has impacted the Sonoma region.
Therefore, the months being analyzed are March, April, August, and September.
These four months’ total power generation is 41.0644MWh, which gives an average
of 10.2661MWh per month, that is 342kWh per day. Using a quick check on this
calculation, we can approximate the average value from the sinusoidal-shape power
curve during the sun is up.
2
𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑔 = 𝑃𝑝 (5.8)
𝜋
5.1.3 Case Analysis – Tesla Operation
A system test has been performed to analyze the operation of the Tesla batteries
when only the utility 1 is connected. The Tesla system, 250kW power converter is
connected to 475kWh battery packs. The single-line diagram is shown in Fig. 5-7 and
the power flow diagram is shown in Fig. 5-8 reflecting the calculation results in the
following section
Figure 5-5: Micro-Grid System Topology.
111
Figure 5-6: Tesla’s Batteries and Power Converter System.
Figure 5-7: Single-Line Diagrams of Tesla Case.
112
Figure 5-8: System’s Power Flow Diagrams.
113
Analyzing the unknown variables of the system, we need to find grid voltage,
inverter voltage, and impedance, namely resistance and reactance. The only known
variables are the magnitude of the inverter voltage, real power and reactive power of
the inverter; therefore, we have more unknown variables than the number of normal
voltage and power equations. This condition reminds us of the complex form, which
divide the voltage and current in its real and imaginary values, respectively.
𝑣 = 𝑉𝑑 + 𝑗𝑉𝑞 (5.9a)
𝑖 = 𝐼𝑑 + 𝐼𝑞 (5.9b)
Applying Kirchhoff’s Circuit Laws (KVL) to the circuit above, we obtain
𝑣𝑖 − 𝑣𝑔 − 𝑖(𝑅 + 𝑗𝑋) = 0 (5.10)
Then, we use the d-q frame to divide one equation into two:
(𝑉𝑖 𝑑 − 𝑉𝑔 𝑑)
√ − 𝐼𝑑 𝑅 + 𝐼𝑞 𝑋 = 0 (5.11)
3
(𝑉𝑖 𝑞 − 𝑉𝑔 𝑞)
√ − 𝐼𝑞 𝑅 − 𝐼𝑑 𝑋 = 0 (5.12)
3
We know the inverter voltage’s magnitude based on its d-q value.
√︁
𝑉𝑖 = 𝑉𝑖𝑑2 + 𝑉𝑖𝑞2 (5.13)
The real and reactive power of the inverter system in d-q frame are derived
√
𝑃 = 3(𝑉𝑖𝑑 𝐼𝑑 + 𝑉𝑖𝑞 𝐼𝑞 ) (5.14)
√
𝑄= 3(𝑉𝑖𝑞 𝐼𝑑 − 𝑉𝑖𝑑 𝐼𝑞 ) (5.15)
114
We set the utility voltage as reference, so the q-axis value is zero.
𝑉𝑔𝑞 = 0 (5.16)
Furthermore, three sets of data points are extracted to build the 15 non-linear equa-
tions with 15 unknown variables.
All the 15 unknown variables Vid1, Viq1, . . . impedance R and X are calculated
in Fig. 5-9, and the vector representation of the voltages is shown in Fig. 5-10. During
the battery charge mode, the power flows from the grid to the battery, hence the grid
power is higher than the inverter power. The grid power is lower when the battery
discharge, its real power shown in Fig. 5-12 and reactive power shown in Fig. 5-13
with line loss and efficiency data are in Fig. 5-11.
Figure 5-9: System Characterization Result.
Figure 5-10: Vector Representation of Grid Voltage and Inverter Voltage.
115
Figure 5-11: Power Chart. Arrow shows power flow direction, red arrow indicates
battery charging, blue arrow indicates battery discharging.
Figure 5-12: Real Power Chart.
116
Figure 5-13: Reactive Power Chart.
117
5.2 Operation analysis
This section describes modeling of optimal scheduling for the Stone Edge Farm
MCESS. Power flow diagram of the Stone Edge Farm MCESS, coupling of electric,
natural gas, heating, cooling, and hydrogen systems, is illustrated in Fig. 5-14. The
overall optimal scheduling can be modeled as an optimization problem with Eq. (5.17)
as the objective function and subject to system constraints as in Eq. (5.18) to Sec-
tion 5.2 plus MCESS components constraints Eqs. (5.1) to (5.7) as introduced in
Section 2.
Figure 5-14: Power flow diagram of Stone Edge Farm MCESS.
Minimizing the total cost of purchased natural gas from local pipe line and electric
power from distributed power grid within optimal scheduling horizon is treated as the
objective function:
∑︁ ∑︁
min 𝑇 𝐶 = 𝜌𝐸 (𝑡)𝐸𝑆 (𝑡)∆𝑇 + 𝜌𝐺 (𝑡) + 𝐺𝑆 (𝑡)∆𝑇 (5.17)
𝑡∈𝑇 𝑡∈𝑇
Purchased natural gas is supplied to CHP, boiler, and chiller as in Eq. (5.18)
and corresponding power flow is drawn with green arrow in Fig. 8. On the load
side, cooling power demand is satisfied by chiller and EHP as in Eq. (5.19), the
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corresponding cooling power flow in the diagram is drawn with light blue arrow.
Heating power demand from load side is satisfied by boiler, CHP, and EHP as shown
in Eq. (5.20), and corresponding power flow is drawn with red arrow in the figure.
𝐺𝑆 (𝑡) = 𝐺𝐵 (𝑡) + 𝐺𝐶 (𝑡) + 𝐺𝐶𝐻𝑃 (𝑡) (5.18)
𝐺𝐿 (𝑡) = 𝐺𝐶 (𝑡) = 𝐶𝐸𝐻𝑃 (𝑡) (5.19)
𝐻𝐿 (𝑡) = 𝐻𝐵 (𝑡) + 𝐻𝐶𝐻𝑃 (𝑡) + 𝐻𝐸𝐻𝑃 (𝑡) (5.20)
119
Figure 5-15: System Diagram.
120
All the electric power flow in the MCESS is drawn with purple arrow in Fig. 8.
The electric power demand, consist of required HSS charging power and other kinds of
electric load, are meet with the power supplied from CHP, BSS, and local distribution
power grid as in Eq. (5.21) and Eq. (5.22). Electric power from CHP is supplied
to load and BSS as Eq. (5.23). The electric power from CHP, solar photovoltaic
arrays, and local distribution power grid can be used to charge BSS as formulated
in Eq. (5.24). Discharging electric power from BSS are used to supply load electric
power demand and EHP as Eq. (5.25). Equations Eq. (5.26) and Eq. (5.27) describes
the electric power sources for EHP. Except the BSS discharging electric power, its
remaining required input electric power is bought from local distribution power grid
directly. Equation Eq. (5.28) summarizes the usage of electric power bought from
local distribution power grid. In addition, in order to show the merits of the storage
in MCESS later in the simulation, the initial and final stored power in BSS are set
to zero as in Eq. (5.29).
𝐸𝐿 (𝑡) = 𝐸𝐶𝐿 (𝑡) + 𝐺𝐵𝐿 (𝑡) + 𝐸𝑆𝐿 (𝑡) (5.21)
𝐸𝐿 (𝑡) = 𝐸𝐻𝑆𝑆,𝐶ℎ𝑎 (𝑡) + 𝐸𝐿𝑂 (𝑡) (5.22)
𝐸𝐶𝐻𝑃 (𝑡) = 𝐸𝐶𝐿 (𝑡) + 𝐸𝐶𝐵 (𝑡) (5.23)
𝐸𝐵𝑆𝑆,𝐶ℎ𝑎 (𝑡) = 𝐸𝐶𝐵 (𝑡) + 𝑆(𝑡) + 𝐸𝐵𝑆𝑆 (𝑡) (5.24)
𝐸𝐵𝑆𝑆,𝐷𝑖𝑠 = 𝐸𝐵𝐸 (𝑡) + 𝐸𝐵𝐿 (𝑡) (5.25)
𝐻𝐸𝐻𝑃 (𝑡) = [𝐸𝐸𝐻𝑃 (𝑡) + 𝐸𝐵𝐸 (𝑡)]𝜂𝐸𝐻𝑃,𝐻 (5.26)
𝐶𝐸𝐻𝑃 (𝑡) = [𝐸𝐸𝐻𝑃 (𝑡) + 𝐸𝐵𝐸 (𝑡)]𝜂𝐸𝐻𝑃,𝐶 (5.27)
𝐸𝑆 (𝑡) = 𝐸𝐵𝑆𝑆 (𝑡) + 𝐸𝑆𝐿 (𝑡) + 𝐸𝐸𝐻𝑃 (𝑡) (5.28)
𝐸𝐵𝑆𝑆,𝑆𝑖 = 𝐸𝐵𝑆𝑆,𝑆𝑓 = 0 (5.29)
The hydrogen power flow in the system is marked with deep blue arrow in the
figure. The discharging power from HSS are all supplied to meet HVs’ hydrogen power
demand as in Section 5.2. Similar with BSS, the initial and final stored power in HSS
121
are set to zero for further simulation.
𝑅𝐻𝑉 (𝑡) = 𝑅𝐻𝑆𝑆,𝐷𝑖𝑠 (𝑡) (5.30)
𝑅𝐻𝑆𝑆,𝑆𝑖 = 𝑅𝐻𝑆𝑆,𝑆𝑓 = 0 (5.31)
Price of Electricity P electricity, the electricity price in Sonoma country is in a

range of $0.08 – $0.3 per kWh on the business rate depending on the specific type,
and we analyze the difference on the price rate between peak time and off-peak time.
Information source is from PG&E. With the system data from various sources, we
generate the plot shown in Fig. 5-16a.
122
(a) Demanded Power and Natural Gas.
(b) Generated Electric Power.
Figure 5-16: Economic Analysis of System Operation.
123
(c) Generated Cooling and Heating Power.
(d) Stored Power at BSS and HSS, Bought Power, and Solar Power.
124
Figure 5-16: Economic Analysis of System Operation.
Recalling power flows in the three-component network (Solar arrays, EV, and the
grid) described in Chapter 3, our proposed method introduce two more paths - solar
charging and super charging indicated in Fig. 5-17, this forms a decision map from the
operation research standpoint. Inside this map, we have five events, four events are
independent besides super charging, which is the intersection of EV charging and solar
charging, the goal is to optimize the system performance from economic viewpoint,
odds for each event varies depends on the environment situation, e.g. suppose event
1 is normal charging day - late afternoon time when solar power is away from its
peak generation, it’s more likely to do EV charging as noted in orange described in
Fig. 5-18, meaning 40% of the time we should consider EV charging, 18%of the time
for solar charging, and 20% of the time for super charging, 12% of the time for solar
back-feeding power to the grid. event 2 is electricity shortage during sunny days, it’s
most likely to do V2G as noted in green, meaning 60% of the time we should consider
V2G described in Fig. 5-18, 40% of the time we should consider solar charging. This
work can be further developed using advanced machine learning methods such as deep
learning and neural nets, which is discussed in the future section in Chapter 6.
125
Figure 5-17: Decision Map.
126
Figure 5-18: Decision Map With Stochastic Process.
127
In recent years, due to the growing concerns of environmental problems and energy
crisis [93], more efficient scheduling and management of energy production and con-
sumption has been encouraged policy makers and industry advisors. Researchers
have developed the concept of smart grid, which includes a variety of operation
and energy measures including smart meters, smart appliances, renewable energy
resources, and energy efficient resources. Because of this new power grid concept,
lots of studies have focused on electrical technical issues. In response to challenge of
improving energy utilizing efficiency, multi-carrier energy storage systems (MCESSs),
composed of electrical power networks, natural gas networks, heating networks, and
other energy networks are attracting more attention and developing rapidly in re-
cent years [94, 95]. Traditionally, different energy infrastructures in a system are
commonly planned and operated independently, which results in less efficient energy
usage and resource wasting [96, 97]. Through integrating as MCESS, defined as sys-
tem with units where multiple energy carriers can be converted, conditioned and
stored to meet energy demands, different energy infrastructures can be coupled and
optimized as one unit [98–100]. Because of the strong coupling among these different
energy infrastructures in a MCESS, their interactions should be studied and optimal
scheduling and management of power flow should be carried out so as to improve the
overall energy utilization efficiency while meeting various energy demands. The initial
concept and structure of MCESS are presented in [101, 102]. Authors in [103–105]
have proposed power flow management methods for MCESS with natural gas and
electricity integrated. A multi-agent and integrated model for long-term planning
for MCESS has been presented in [106]. Authors in [107] have developed a multi-
period optimal power flow scheduling for large-scale MCESS. A mixed integer linear
programming (MILP) model has been proposed to solve the optimal optimization
problem for MCESS operation in [108]. The method is extended in [109–112], evalu-
ating the potential of integrating renewable energies into MCESS. In [113], a genetic
algorithm based method is proposed to solve the optimal power flow scheduling and
management problem for MCESS considering non-linear system characteristics. A
few more works have recently explored the merits of demand response applications in
128
the operation of MCESS [114–117].
The electric and heating systems are coupled by CHP as noted in Section 5.1.1 in
the MCESS, which uses natural gas to produce electricity, and the waste heat from
the turbine is a power generation source for balancing the heat loads in the heating
system [25], [26]. CHP can meet heating power demand with less cost than EHP
(Electric and Heat Pump) when local natural gas price is relatively lower than elec-
tricity price. CHP in Stone Edge Farm MCESS is mainly driven by a Capstone Gas
turbine C65 natural gas-fired variable external combustion engine as shown in Fig.1
below. The combined heat and power efficiency is up to 90%. Among the converted
power from natural gas, 68% goes to heating power and the remaining becomes elec-
tric power, which would be the maximum available heating and electric power from
CHP at different time point given certain amount of natural gas input. Considering
CHP limitations, the maximum output heating power is 52kW and maximum output
electric power is 65kW as in (1) below.
With the bi-directional EV charging technology using solar power developed in

Chapter 3, we discuss several operation situations to quantitatively show its advan-
tages on economic saving. In Table 5.3 below, assuming the power not produced by
the solar arrays was purchased from the utility, the total costs of MCESS operation
for the two selected dates with and without solar photovoltaic arrays and storages
are listed to show their corresponding economic merits. To show the completeness of
operation data, we analyze two different seasons - summer and winter. Picking a date
in summer - Jul 25th, 2017, the optimal operation cost is $440.9. If without the solar
photovoltaic arrays and BSS, the optimal operation cost would be $599.1, suggesting
a cost increase of 35.9%. On the other hand, if there is no HSS in the system, the cost
would be increased to $460.3, equivalent to a cost increase of 4.4%. Similarly, picking
a date in winter - Dec 6th, 2017, the optimal operation cost is $226.7. If there are no
solar photovoltaic arrays and BSS in the MCESS, the optimal operation cost would
be $343.6, suggesting a cost increase of 51.5%. If there is no HSS in the system, the
cost would be increased to $242.9, equivalent to a cost increase of 7.1%. The results
can actually explain the benefits that the solar photovoltaic arrays and storages bring
129
to MCESS. With BSS, solar power from photovoltaic arrays can be utilized to the
greatest extent. Moreover, based on reasonable charging and discharging scheduling
for the storages according to the expected energy price, operating cost of the system
can be further reduced. From the above calculations, it is obvious that with the
application of our smart and efficient EV charger, the cost saving can be enhanced
further up to 27.2% for summer and 33.0% for winter against the traditional method
which has no solar power involved.
Table 5.3: Economic Benefits of Solar Energy Source and Battery Storage System.
* Summer (July 2017) Winter (Dec. 2017)

Without Solar Power and BSS $599.1 $343.6
With Solar Power and BSS $460.3 (23.0%) $242.9(29.3%)
With Solar Power and BSS (smart charger) $436.3(27.2%) $230.2(33.0%)
We propose optimal scheduling for a real multi-carrier energy storage system with
vehicles (EV and HV) applications is proposed from an economic point of view. The
main contribution of this work is twofold: 1) besides traditional battery storage sys-
tem in multi-carrier energy storage system, storage system (BSS and HSS) is also
considered in this research for vehicle applications. 2) The proposed optimal schedul-
ing is simulated and analyzed based on data collected from real multi-carrier energy
storage system. Therefore, real system characteristics have been fully considered. As
the simulation results suggest, the proposed optimal scheduling can help quantify the
daily operation cost and achieve considerably operation cost saving by reasonably
arranging and utilizing the components in multi-carrier energy storage system. For
the Stone Edge Farm multi-carrier energy storage system, the local electricity and
gas price are fixed, solar power can be predicted with high accuracy due to the local
weather condition, and load demand can be effectively managed.
To conclude, the proposed optimal scheduling can help quantify the daily opera-
tion cost and achieve considerably operation cost saving up to 23% in summer and
29.3% in winter further to 27.2% and 33.0% with smart EV charger developed in
Chapter 3, by reasonably arranging and utilizing all the components in the MCESS.
130
Since the micro-grid site was still under construction while the research was carried,
optimization strategy was not fully developed on details, such as arranging electric
vehicle charging time, prioritizing sources, keeping battery levels in certain ranges,
etc, thus these would be future work once the site is fully operational. By looking
back at Fig. 2-1, the operation analysis has validated the effectiveness on the effi-
ciency improvement and cost saving of a centralized structure, which is redesigning
a EV charger that serves as the power hub connecting solar power and the grid with
the EV shown in Fig. 2-3b.
131
132
Chapter 6
Conclusion and Future Work
This thesis presents a centralization methodology to tackle the complicated structure,

cost and low efficiency issues existing in current energy networks, by designing a bi-
directional EV charger that uses all wide-bandgap semiconductor devices to electric
network and an uniform multi-user wireless power transfer system to electronic net-
work. In the electric network describing in Chapter 3, this work reduces up to 50%
cost on hardware in Section 2.2 and 50% on power conversion loss in Chapter 3. In
the electronic network describing in Chapter 4, our work achieves uniform efficiency
delivery in 2-D and quasi uniform in 3-D, allowing multiple electronic loads moving in
the relatively fixed space while being charged. In Chapter 5, quantitative analysis of
the system operation on electric network shows an optimal strategy can further prove
a combination of solar power and EV (or battery storage system) can offer significant
saving up to 33% on overall purchased energy cost equipped with smart and efficient
EV charger at the Stone Edge Farm micro-grid site.
Centralization methodology means we build a hub serving as the center of its
network, which simplifies the system architecture therefore improving efficiency and
reducing cost overall. For electric network, our proposed method - bi-directional
EV charger in Chapter 3 connecting solar power and the grid to achieve maximum
efficiency and minimal cost has been validated through experiments and operation
data. For electronics network, our proposed method - a 3-D quasi-uniform wireless
power transfer system in Chapter 4 connecting multiple battery-powered devices has
133
been validated as the most convenient solution offering the easiness of use.
With this centralization methodology in smart grid, the system structure is sim-
plified to meet the increasing need of renewable source such as solar power for the
electric vehicle application and the flexibility of charging multiple electronic devices
for the mobile phone application in 5G. We have seen these papers [69,82,83] to follow
our ideas, and we firmly believe this centralized structure would provide an easy ac-
cess for the efficient data mining process, which can optimize the system performance
in the long run.
Future work can include advanced machine learning such as deep learning and
game theory methods to optimize the system performance further [118–133].
134
Appendix A
System Modeling
An easy example of data classification and clustering is shown in Fig. A-1, where
data is divided into 5 categories: Capstone Turbine, Aquion Battery, Tesla battery,
Electrolyzer, and Solar. For the sake of brevity, let us assume the net profit of the
farm is a function of just two features, the value of power x and the time factor theta.
The data can be presented in a two-dimensional frame, x-axis and y-axis shows the
value of x and theta after standardization, respectively.
Figure A-1: Mathematical Representation of the Collected Data.
135
Three sets of data points are extracted to build the 15 non-linear equations with
15 unknown variables.
136
⎡ ⎤
√1 0 0 0 0 −𝑅 𝑋 0 0 0
⎢ 3 ⎥
1
⎢ 0
⎢ − √
3
0 0 ⎥
⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 √1 0 0 0 0 −𝑋 −𝑅 0 0
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 3 ⎥
⎥
0 0 0 0 0
⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 𝑉𝑖𝑑1 𝑉𝑖𝑞1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0
⎢ ⎥
⎥
⎢√ √ ⎥
⎢ 3𝐼𝑑1 3𝐼𝑞1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0
⎢ ⎥⎡ ⎤ ⎡ ⎤
⎥
⎥ 𝑉𝑖𝑑1 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢√ √ ⎥
⎢ 3𝐼𝑞1 3𝐼𝑑1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥⎢
⎢
⎥⎢ 𝑣𝑖𝑞1 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎥⎢
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0
⎢
⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎥ ⎢ 2⎥
⎢ ⎥⎢ 𝑉 𝑖𝑑2 ⎥ ⎢𝑉 ⎥
⎥ ⎢ 𝑖1 ⎥
⎢
1
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 −𝑅 𝑋
⎢ √
⎥ ⎢
3
⎥
⎥⎢⎢𝑉𝑖𝑞2 ⎥ ⎢ 𝑃1 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
1
⎢ 0 0 − √3 0 0
⎢ ⎥
⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎥⎢ 𝑉 ⎢𝑄 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
𝑖𝑑3 ⎥
⎥ ⎢ 1⎥
⎢
⎢ 0 0 0 − √13 0 0 0 0 −𝑋 −𝑅⎥ ⎢
⎢ ⎥
⎥⎢ 𝑉𝑖𝑞3 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎥⎢
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0
⎢ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎥⎢
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 𝐼𝑑1 ⎥⎥ ⎢0⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥⎢
⎢ 0 0 𝑉𝑖𝑑2 𝑉𝑖𝑞2 0 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎥⎢𝐼 ⎥ = ⎢𝑉𝑖22 ⎥
⎢ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 𝑞1 ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎥ ⎢ ⎥
√ √ ⎥ ⎢ 𝐼𝑑2 ⎥ ⎢𝑃 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢
⎢ 0 0 3𝐼𝑑2 3𝐼𝑞2 0 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 2⎥
⎢ ⎥⎢𝐼 ⎥ ⎢
⎢ ⎥
𝑄2 ⎥
⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 𝑞2 ⎥ ⎢
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥⎢ ⎢ ⎥
⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ √ √ ⎥
⎥⎢ 𝐼𝑑3 ⎥ ⎢ 0 ⎥
−
⎢
⎢ 0 0 3𝐼 𝑞2 3𝐼𝑑2 0 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎥⎢𝐼 ⎥
⎢ ⎢ ⎥
⎥ ⎢0⎥
⎢
⎢ ⎥ ⎢ 𝑞3 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥⎢
⎥ ⎢𝑉 ⎥ ⎢ ⎢𝑉𝑖32 ⎥
⎢ ⎥ ⎥
𝑔𝑑
√1
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
3 ⎥⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎢ 𝑅 ⎥ ⎢ 𝑃3 ⎥
− √13
⎢ ⎥
⎢ −𝑅 𝑋 0 0 ⎥⎣ ⎦ ⎣ ⎦
⎢ ⎥ 𝑋 𝑄
√1
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥
⎢ 3 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ −𝑋 −𝑅 0 0 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 0 𝑉𝑖𝑑3 𝑉𝑖𝑞3 0 0 0 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥
√ √
⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 0 3𝐼 𝑑3 3𝐼 𝑞3 0 0 0 0 ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0 0 0 0 0 ⎥
√ √
⎢ ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢ 0
⎣ 0 0 0 − 3𝐼 𝑞3 3𝐼 𝑑3 0 0 0 0 ⎥
⎦
0 0 0 0 0 137
(A.1)
138
Appendix B
Operation Data of Stone Edge Farm

Micro-Grid Site
139
Battery Battery
Real Reactive Apparent Average
Real Reactive Frequency
Time [sec] SOC [%] Power Power Power Voltage S
Power Power [Hz]
[W] [VAr] [VA] [V]
[W] [VAr]
2 0 0 20.12051 0 0 0 499 59.99 0
3 0 0 20.12178 0 0 0 499.2 60 0
4 0 0 20.12129 0 0 0 498.8 60.029 0
5 0 0 20.12043 0 0 0 499.4 59.99 0
6 0 0 20.12043 0 0 0 499 59.99 0
7 0 0 20.12183 0 0 0 499.2 60.029 0
8 0 0 20.11965 0 0 0 499.2 60.02 0
9 0 0 20.11916 0 0 0 499.1 60.06 0
10 0 0 20.12039 0 0 0 499.4 60.02 0
11 0 0 20.12039 0 0 0 499.2 60.06 0
12 0 0 20.12137 0 0 0 499.1 60 0
13 0 0 20.12035 0 0 0 499.3 60.04 0
14 0 0 20.12035 0 0 0 499.1 60.029 0
15 0 0 20.12129 0 0 0 499.1 60.02 0
16 0 0 20.12129 0 0 0 498.5 60.04 0
17 0 0 20.12133 0 0 0 499.1 60 0
18 0 0 20.12133 0 0 0 499.6 60 0
19 0 0 20.12125 0 0 0 499.3 60.029 0
20 0 0 20.12125 0 0 0 499.5 60.02 0
21 0 0 20.12072 0 0 0 499 60.029 0
22 0 0 20.12072 0 0 0 499 60 0
23 0 0 20.12101 0 0 0 498.9 60 0
24 0 0 20.12101 0 0 0 498.9 60 0
27 0 0 20.12088 0 0 0 498.9 60.029 0
28 0 0 20.12023 0 0 0 499.1 60.029 0
29 0 0 20.12023 0 0 0 498.8 60.02 0
30 0 0 20.12035 0 0 0 499.3 59.99 0
31 0 0 20.12035 0 0 0 498.9 59.99 0
32 0 0 20.12146 0 0 0 499.1 60.02 0
33 0 0 20.12146 0 0 0 498.6 59.99 0
34 0 0 20.12088 0 0 0 499.1 60 0
35 0 0 20.12088 0 0 0 499.3 60 0
36 0 0 20.12121 0 0 0 499.2 59.99 0
37 0 0 20.12121 0 0 0 499.4 60.02 0
38 0 0 20.12101 0 0 0 499.6 59.99 0
39 0 0 20.12051 0 0 0 499.1 59.99 0
40 0 0 20.11998 0 0 0 499.5 59.99 0
41 0 0 20.12027 0 0 0 499.8 60 0
42 0 0 20.12084 0 0 0 499.7 60.029 0
43 0 0 20.12051 0 0 0 499 60.029 0
44 0 0 20.12039 0 0 0 499.4 60 0
45 0 0 20.12039 0 0 0 499.6 60 0
46 0 0 20.12019 0 0 0 499.9 60 0
47 0 0 20.12002 0 0 0 499.5 60 0
48 0 0 20.12068 0 0 0 499.5 60.04 0
49 0 0 20.12068 0 0 0 499.5 60.04 0
54 0 0 20.12002 0 0 0 500.1 60.02 0
55 0 0 20.12051 0 0 0 499.7 60.06 0
140
56 0 0 20.12051 0 0 0 499.9 60.02 0
57 0 0 20.12051 0 0 0 500.2 60.02 0
58 0 0 20.12117 0 0 0 499.5 60.029 0
59 0 0 20.1215 0 0 0 499.7 60.02 0
60 0 0 20.12043 0 0 0 499.7 60.029 0
61 0 0 20.12043 0 0 0 499.7 60.029 0
62 0 0 20.12043 0 0 0 499.3 60 0
63 0 0 20.12068 0 0 0 499.5 60.029 0
64 0 0 20.12068 0 0 0 499.3 60.029 0
65 0 0 20.12084 0 0 0 499.6 60.02 0
66 0 0 20.12084 0 0 0 499.1 60 0
67 0 0 20.12068 0 0 0 499.7 60 0
68 0 0 20.12068 0 0 0 499.7 60 0
69 0 0 20.12068 0 0 0 499.1 60.02 0
70 0 0 20.12047 0 0 0 499.7 60.029 0
71 0 0 20.12047 0 0 0 499.3 60.029 0
72 0 0 20.12113 0 0 0 499.3 60 0
73 0 0 20.12113 0 0 0 499.5 60.029 0
74 0 0 20.12088 0 0 0 499.7 60 0
75 0 0 20.12088 0 0 0 499.6 60 0
76 0 0 20.12088 0 0 0 499.6 60 0
77 0 0 20.12096 0 0 0 500 60 0
78 0 0 20.12096 0 0 0 500 60.029 0
79 0 0 20.12064 0 0 0 499.9 60 0
80 0 0 20.12084 0 0 0 499.8 60.02 0
81 0 0 20.12068 0 0 0 500.1 60.02 0
82 0 0 20.12047 0 0 0 499.8 60.02 0
83 0 0 20.12047 0 0 0 499.8 60.02 0
84 0 0 20.12096 0 0 0 499.6 60.02 0
85 0 0 20.12051 0 0 0 499.7 60.029 0
86 0 0 20.12039 0 0 0 500.1 60.02 0
87 0 0 20.12084 0 0 0 500 60.029 0
88 0 0 20.12039 0 0 0 500 60.029 0
89 0 0 20.12039 0 0 0 500.2 60 0
90 0 0 20.12101 0 0 0 500.1 60.029 0
91 0 0 20.12101 0 0 0 500.2 60.029 0
92 0 0 20.12105 0 0 0 500.1 60.029 0
93 0 0 20.12125 0 0 0 500.1 60.02 0
94 0 0 20.12142 0 0 0 500.2 60.04 0
95 0 0 20.12142 0 0 0 500 60.02 0
96 0 0 20.12142 0 0 0 500 60.02 0
97 0 0 20.12133 0 0 0 500 60.02 0
98 0 0 20.12113 0 0 0 500 60.029 0
99 0 0 20.12166 0 0 0 500.3 60.02 0
100 0 0 20.12166 0 0 0 500.2 60.02 0
101 0 0 20.12117 0 0 0 500.5 60.02 0
102 0 0 20.12068 0 0 0 500.4 60.029 0
103 0 0 20.12035 0 0 0 500.1 60.02 0
104 0 0 20.12084 0 0 0 500.2 60.02 0
105 0 0 20.12084 0 0 0 500.2 60.02 0
106 0 0 20.12084 0 0 0 500.2 60.02 0
109 0 0 20.12133 0 0 0 500.4 60.04 0
110 0 0 20.12039 0 0 0 500.7 60.029 0
141
111 0 0 20.12039 0 0 0 500.4 60.02 0
112 0 0 20.12084 0 0 0 500.7 60.029 0
113 0 0 20.12084 0 0 0 500.6 60.04 0
114 0 0 20.12113 0 0 0 500.6 60.029 0
115 0 0 20.12113 0 0 0 500.4 60.04 0
116 0 0 20.12101 0 0 0 500.7 60.029 0
117 0 0 20.12101 0 0 0 500.8 60.04 0
118 0 0 20.12072 0 0 0 500.5 60.029 0
119 0 0 20.12072 0 0 0 500.2 60.04 0
120 0 0 20.12092 0 0 0 500.4 60.04 0
121 0 0 20.12092 0 0 0 500.7 60.04 0
122 0 0 20.12133 0 0 0 500.9 60.029 0
123 0 0 20.12084 0 0 0 500.4 60.029 0
124 0 0 20.12084 0 0 0 500.7 60.029 0
125 0 0 20.12133 0 0 0 500.9 60.029 0
126 0 0 20.1208 0 0 0 500.4 60.029 0
127 0 0 20.1208 0 0 0 500.3 60.029 0
128 0 0 20.12101 0 0 0 500.2 60.029 0
129 0 0 20.12051 0 0 0 500.8 60.029 0
130 0 0 20.1208 0 0 0 500.6 60.029 0
131 0 0 20.12129 0 0 0 500.5 60.029 0
132 0 0 20.12043 0 0 0 500.6 60.02 0
133 0 0 20.12043 0 0 0 500.7 60.02 0
134 0 0 20.12088 0 0 0 500.7 60.02 0
135 0 0 20.12109 0 0 0 500.7 60.029 0
136 0 0 20.12043 0 0 0 500.7 60.029 0
137 0 0 20.12023 0 0 0 500.7 60.029 0
138 0 0 20.12125 0 0 0 500.6 60.029 0
139 0 0 20.12125 0 0 0 500.8 60.02 0
140 -9055 0 20.12092 0 0 0 500.7 60.029 0
141 -10055 0 20.12092 0 0 0 500.8 60.02 0
142 -11098 0 20.12183 4691 319 9234 500.9 59.99 4701.834
143 -11089 0 20.12183 -11840 -4450 15028 496.3 60.02 12648.64
144 -10916 0 20.12178 -11564 -4377 14172 496.5 60.029 12364.64
145 -10746 0 20.12178 -11456 -4546 14891 496.8 60.029 12325.02
146 -10609 0 20.12133 -11234 -4279 13881 496.6 60.029 12021.34
147 -10485 0 20.12154 -11186 -4619 14512 496.5 60.02 12102.14
148 -10376 0 20.12158 -10969 -4239 13708 496.8 60.029 11759.6
149 -10277 0 20.12137 -10911 -4600 14095 496.5 60.02 11841.03
150 -10180 0 20.12088 -10764 -4306 13777 496.6 60.02 11593.33
151 -10100 0 20.12088 -10689 -4496 13683 497 60 11596.07
152 -10031 0 20.12211 -10696 -4434 14053 496.9 60.02 11578.63
153 -9968 0 20.12166 -10541 -4493 13437 496.7 60.02 11458.61
154 -9910 0 20.12318 -10540 -4555 14159 497 60.02 11482.14
155 -9856 0 20.12363 -10429 -4372 13315 497.1 60.02 11308.33
156 -9808 0 20.124 -10393 -4640 13971 496.8 60.02 11381.74
157 -9770 0 20.124 -10319 -4323 13231 497.2 60.029 11187.94
158 -9732 0 20.12376 -10344 -4601 13679 497.1 60.029 11321.11
159 -9704 0 20.12376 -10229 -4324 13240 496.9 60.029 11105.38
160 -9672 0 20.12417 -10248 -4698 13469 497.4 60.02 11273.54
161 -9643 0 20.12417 -10256 -4427 13565 497 60.02 11170.67
162 -9624 0 20.12585 -10122 -4641 13146 497.3 60.02 11135.25
163 -9606 0 20.12585 -10205 -4494 13842 497.4 60.029 11150.7
142
164 -9588 0 20.12646 -10125 -4466 13092 496.9 60.02 11066.2
165 -9568 0 20.12618 -10200 -4632 13866 497 60.029 11202.47
166 -9552 0 20.12659 -10108 -4392 13061 497 60.02 11020.95
167 -9537 0 20.12663 -10073 -4809 13690 497.2 60.029 11162.07
168 -9531 0 20.12721 -10021 -4334 13032 497.2 60.029 10918.06
169 -9522 0 20.12716 -10037 -4666 13341 497.4 60.02 11068.56
170 -9516 0 20.1286 -10018 -4391 13250 497.1 60.02 10938.06
171 -9508 0 20.1286 -10018 -4765 13242 497.3 60.02 11093.49
172 -9501 0 20.12983 -10084 -4507 13686 497 60.02 11045.37
173 -9494 0 20.12983 -9995 -4525 13010 497.2 60.029 10971.58
174 -9486 0 20.12917 -10115 -4662 13843 497.3 60.029 11137.66
175 -9478 0 20.12922 -10003 -4466 12981 497.6 60.04 10954.69
176 -9470 0 20.13045 -10096 -4780 13812 497.7 60.04 11170.39
177 -9463 0 20.1309 -10018 -4423 13019 497.4 60.029 10950.95
178 -9454 0 20.13176 -10056 -4775 13511 497.5 60.04 11132.1
179 -9448 0 20.13127 -10005 -4410 13106 497.7 60.029 10933.81
180 -9448 0 20.13291 -9926 -4739 13138 497.9 60.029 10999.25
181 -9452 0 20.13291 -10029 -4538 13379 497.6 60.04 11007.92
182 -9446 0 20.13246 -9936 -4782 13045 497.7 60.029 11026.86
183 -9450 0 20.13295 -10013 -4660 13655 497.6 60.029 11044.26
184 -9446 0 20.13402 -9927 -4524 12904 497.7 60.04 10909.26
185 -9450 0 20.13353 -10017 -4824 13792 497.3 60.04 11118.06
186 -9447 0 20.13439 -9918 -4474 12928 497.8 60.029 10880.41
187 -9450 0 20.13439 -9954 -4847 13594 497.7 60.06 11071.38
188 -9447 0 20.1339 -9997 -4392 12972 497.9 60.04 10919.23
189 -9448 0 20.13439 -9918 -4759 13219 497.9 60.04 11000.67
190 -9448 0 20.1359 -10029 -4467 13213 497.6 60.029 10978.84
191 -9449 0 20.1359 -9906 -4666 12954 497.2 60.029 10949.9
192 -9448 0 20.13693 -10072 -4584 13540 497.2 60.029 11066.09
193 -9449 0 20.13697 -9903 -4758 12918 497.1 60.029 10986.72
194 -9448 0 20.13779 -10108 -4749 13823 496.9 60.04 11168.02
195 -9448 0 20.13779 -9910 -4637 12913 497.1 60.029 10941.2
196 -9451 0 20.13775 -9982 -4907 13715 497 60.029 11122.9
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2378 0 0 28.06929 -223 -5427 8191 502.8 60.069
2379 0 0 28.06929 -228 -5687 8639 502.6 60.06
2380 0 0 28.06908 -234 -5512 8460 503 60.06
2381 0 0 28.06908 -206 -5638 8419 502.6 60.069
2382 0 0 28.06826 -261 -5652 8804 502.5 60.04
2383 0 0 28.06806 -203 -5569 8205 502.5 60.04
2384 0 0 28.06806 -259 -5765 9001 502.7 60.06
2385 0 0 28.06806 -208 -5504 8143 502.6 60.09
2386 0 0 28.06785 -219 -5712 8994 502.7 60.069
2387 0 0 28.06785 -211 -5431 8265 502.5 60.069
2388 0 0 28.06744 -224 -5719 8953 502.6 60.09
2389 0 0 28.06744 -214 -5434 8448 502.8 60.069
2390 0 0 28.06682 -228 -5642 8600 502.7 60.06
2391 0 0 28.06662 -242 -5581 8778 502.9 60.06
2392 0 0 28.06621 -194 -5578 8479 502.5 60.069
2393 0 0 28.06621 -282 -5728 9163 502.8 60.06
2394 0 0 28.0658 -198 -5557 8361 502.6 60.069
2395 0 0 28.0658 -291 -5721 9130 502.8 60.09
2396 0 0 28.0658 -197 -5472 8387 502.8 60.04
2397 0 0 28.0658 -259 -5746 9096 502.8 60.09
2398 0 0 28.06559 -201 -5421 8345 502.9 60.06
2399 0 0 28.06559 -220 -5703 8794 502.9 60.06
2400 0 0 28.06553 -235 -5513 8675 503 60.04
2401 0 0 28.06553 -216 -5623 8530 502.9 60.04
2402 0 0 28.06492 -282 -5689 9141 502.7 60.069
2403 0 0 28.06492 -186 -5590 8422 502.7 60.06
154
2404 0 0 28.06471 -278 -5746 9351 502.4 60.04
2405 0 0 28.06471 -203 -5503 8290 502.7 60.06
2406 0 0 28.06451 -284 -5743 9141 502.4 60.04
2407 0 0 28.06451 -211 -5428 8279 502.3 60.04
2408 0 0 28.0643 -236 -5727 8915 502.6 60.04
2409 0 0 28.0641 -203 -5472 8498 502.6 60.06
2410 0 0 28.06389 -225 -5677 8660 502.6 60.029
2411 0 0 28.06389 -264 -5569 8911 502.7 60.04
2412 0 0 28.06369 -203 -5584 8565 502.5 60.04
2413 0 0 28.06369 -278 -5742 9329 502.4 60.029
2414 0 0 28.06369 -203 -5545 8413 502.6 60.04
2415 0 0 28.06369 -285 -5741 8858 502.7 60.04
2416 0 0 28.06369 -193 -5472 8333 502.8 60.04
2417 0 0 28.06369 -240 -5699 9108 502.6 60.04
2418 0 0 28.06348 -795 9083 11385 506.4 60.04
2419 0 0 28.06348 0 0 0 504 60.04
2420 0 0 28.06348 0 0 0 503.9 60.04
2421 0 0 28.06348 0 0 0 504 60.06
2422 0 0 28.06266 0 0 0 503.9 60.04
2423 0 0 28.06266 0 0 0 504 60.04
2424 0 0 28.06266 0 0 0 504.2 60.04
2425 0 0 28.06266 0 0 0 504.2 60.04
2426 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
155
Time Battery Real Battery Reactive Reactive Power Apparent Power Average Frequency
SOC [%] Real Power [W] eff
[sec] Power [W] Power [VAr] [VAr] [VA] Voltage [V] [Hz]
0.0 0 0 27.938642 0 0 0 504.9 60.029 #DIV/0!
0.5 0 0 27.939158 0 0 0 503.6 60.029
1.5 0 0 27.939043 0 0 0 503.9 60.029
2.5 0 0 27.939248 0 0 0 503.6 60.04
3.5 0 0 27.939306 0 0 0 503.8 60.04
4.5 0 0 27.939306 0 0 0 504 60.029
5.5 0 0 27.939248 0 0 0 504 60.029
6.5 0 0 27.939248 0 0 0 503.9 60.029
7.5 0 0 27.938648 0 0 0 503.8 60.029
8.5 0 0 27.938041 0 0 0 503.7 60.029
9.5 0 0 27.938041 0 0 0 503.8 60.029
10.5 0 0 27.9385 0 0 0 504.2 60.029
11.5 0 0 27.939158 0 0 0 504 60.029
13.5 0 0 27.939158 0 0 0 504 60.029
14.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0
15.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0
16.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0
17.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0
18.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0
19.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0
21.0 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0
21.5 0 0 27.938953 0 0 0 504.4 60.02
22.5 ‐1850 0 27.938953 0 0 0 504.7 60.02
23.5 ‐2350 0 27.93901 0 0 0 504.2 60.02
24.5 ‐2850 0 27.938756 0 0 0 504.6 60.02
25.5 ‐3350 0 27.938756 0 0 0 504.4 60.02
26.5 ‐3850 0 27.938699 0 0 0 504.7 60.02
27.5 ‐4350 0 27.938699 0 0 0 504.6 60.02
28.5 ‐4913 0 27.939019 ‐3377 ‐3414 8834 504.6 60.02 1.454842
29.5 ‐4894 0 27.939019 ‐5325 ‐4351 9589 501.7 60.029 0.919061
30.5 ‐4865 0 27.939019 ‐5241 ‐4159 9150 501.8 60.02 0.928258
31.5 ‐4835 0 27.939019 ‐5195 ‐4405 9405 502.1 60.029 0.930703
32.5 ‐4817 0 27.938871 ‐5141 ‐3909 9011 501.7 60.02 0.936977
33.5 ‐4797 0 27.938871 ‐5100 ‐4425 9330 502.1 60.029 0.940588
34.5 ‐4777 0 27.938814 ‐5145 ‐4022 9079 502.2 60.029 0.928474
35.5 ‐4756 0 27.938642 ‐5132 ‐4337 9319 502 60.04 0.926734
36.5 ‐4738 0 27.938642 ‐5087 ‐4142 9273 501.8 60.02 0.931394
37.5 ‐4730 0 27.938814 ‐5010 ‐4281 9169 502 60.02 0.944112
38.5 ‐4721 0 27.938814 ‐5102 ‐4297 9419 502 60.029 0.925323
39.5 ‐4712 0 27.938814 ‐5035 ‐4258 9108 502.2 60.029 0.935849
40.5 ‐4702 0 27.939224 ‐5112 ‐4423 9417 502.1 60.04 0.919797
41.5 ‐4693 0 27.939167 ‐5054 ‐4113 8956 502.4 60.04 0.928571
43.5 ‐4693 0 27.939167 ‐5054 ‐4113 8956 502.4 60.04 0.928571
44.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
60.3 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
60.8 ‐4648 0 27.941276 ‐5082 ‐5800 10643 503.5 60.029 0.914601
61.5 0 0 27.941276 ‐3538 ‐5711 9436 503.7 60.029 0
62.5 0 0 27.942097 ‐167 ‐4611 8296 504.9 60.029 0
63.5 0 0 27.942097 ‐126 ‐4239 7928 505.1 60.02 0
64.5 0 0 27.942154 ‐145 ‐4605 8139 505.4 60.029 0
65.5 0 0 27.942211 ‐165 ‐4333 8096 505.4 60.029 0
66.5 0 0 27.942622 ‐151 ‐4488 8189 505.9 60.029 0
67.5 0 0 27.94245 ‐196 ‐4490 8338 505.3 60.02 0
68.5 0 0 27.942598 ‐152 ‐4443 7993 505.3 60.029 0
69.5 0 0 27.942598 ‐199 ‐4577 8389 504.9 60.029 0
70.5 0 0 27.942392 ‐173 ‐4357 7772 505.2 60.04 0
71.5 0 0 27.942679 ‐198 ‐4629 8280 505.1 60.04 0
72.5 0 0 27.942531 ‐145 ‐4230 7696 505.1 60.04 0
73.5 0 0 27.942359 ‐149 ‐4553 8005 505 60.029 0
74.5 0 0 27.942302 ‐155 ‐4326 7810 505.2 60.04 0
76.5 0 0 27.942302 ‐155 ‐4326 7810 505.2 60.04 0
77.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
78.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
79.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
80.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
81.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
82.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
83.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
84.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
85.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
86.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
91.0 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
91.5 0 0 27.940307 ‐126 ‐4539 7795 503.3 60.02 0
92.5 ‐4921 0 27.940102 ‐1665 ‐4205 8024 502.8 60.029 2.955556
93.5 ‐4916 0 27.940102 ‐5182 ‐4626 9436 502.2 60.02 0.948668
94.5 ‐4886 0 27.939988 ‐5257 ‐4203 9234 501.8 60.029 0.929427
95.5 ‐4855 0 27.939988 ‐5195 ‐4448 9336 501.8 60.02 0.934552
96.5 ‐4827 0 27.940102 ‐5188 ‐4372 9400 501.8 60.029 0.930416
156
97.5 ‐4809 0 27.940102 ‐5083 ‐4511 9266 502.5 60.029 0.946095
98.5 ‐4788 0 27.940102 ‐5214 ‐4492 9552 502 60.029 0.918297
99.5 ‐4769 0 27.940102 ‐5133 ‐4426 9251 502.7 60.029 0.929086
100.5 ‐4749 0 27.940307 ‐5183 ‐4640 9583 502.3 60.029 0.916265
101.5 ‐4736 0 27.940479 ‐5046 ‐4314 9060 502.1 60.029 0.938565
102.5 ‐4727 0 27.940685 ‐5015 ‐4672 9468 502.6 60.04 0.942572
103.5 ‐4719 0 27.940455 ‐5043 ‐4205 9084 502.3 60.029 0.935753
104.5 ‐4710 0 27.940455 ‐5010 ‐4617 9364 502.6 60.029 0.94012
105.5 ‐4700 0 27.940685 ‐5070 ‐4322 9219 501.6 60.029 0.927022
106.5 ‐4691 0 27.941505 ‐5019 ‐4499 9256 502.5 60.029 0.934648
107.5 ‐4681 0 27.941333 ‐5082 ‐4466 9459 502.4 60.02 0.921094
425.3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
425.8 0 0 27.936237 0 0 0 503 60 #DIV/0!
426.5 ‐4948 0 27.936237 0 0 0 502.6 60.02 #DIV/0!
427.5 ‐5248 0 27.936237 0 0 0 502.9 60 #DIV/0!
428.5 ‐5748 0 27.936237 0 0 0 502.9 60.02 #DIV/0!
429.5 ‐6298 0 27.936237 0 0 0 502.6 59.99 #DIV/0!
430.5 ‐6748 0 27.936237 0 0 0 502.6 59.99 #DIV/0!
431.5 ‐7298 0 27.936237 0 0 0 502.6 60 #DIV/0!
432.5 ‐7848 0 27.936237 0 0 0 503.1 60 #DIV/0!
434.5 ‐7848 0 27.936237 0 0 0 503.1 60 #DIV/0!
435.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
436.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
438.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
439.0 ‐8246 0 27.936237 ‐8988 ‐3923 11712 499.2 60 0.917445
439.5 0 0 27.936237 ‐2509 ‐4263 8594 499.6 59.99 0
440.5 0 0 27.936032 ‐162 ‐4388 7757 501.8 60.029 0
441.5 0 0 27.936032 ‐166 ‐4061 7399 501.6 60 0
442.5 0 0 27.936032 ‐152 ‐4391 7696 501.5 60 0
443.5 0 0 27.936032 ‐169 ‐4093 7503 501.4 60 0
444.5 0 0 27.936032 ‐107 ‐4330 7572 502 59.99 0
446.5 0 0 27.936032 ‐107 ‐4330 7572 502 59.99 0
447.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
448.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
463.8 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
464.5 0 0 27.935211 ‐270 ‐5491 8640 501.3 60 0
465.5 0 0 27.935211 ‐165 ‐4192 7743 501.1 60.02 0
466.5 0 0 27.935006 ‐121 ‐4211 7564 501.7 60 0
467.5 0 0 27.935006 ‐190 ‐4300 7940 501.1 60.029 0
469.5 0 0 27.935006 ‐190 ‐4300 7940 501.1 60.029 0
470.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
471.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
542.9 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
543.5 0 0 27.930287 0 0 0 502 60.029 #DIV/0!
544.5 0 0 27.930287 0 0 0 502.2 60.02 #DIV/0!
545.5 0 0 27.930287 0 0 0 502.4 60.029 #DIV/0!
546.5 0 0 27.930287 0 0 0 501.8 60.029 #DIV/0!
547.5 0 0 27.930287 0 0 0 501.9 60.029 #DIV/0!
548.5 0 0 27.930081 0 0 0 502.1 60.029 #DIV/0!
549.5 0 0 27.930081 0 0 0 502.1 60.02 #DIV/0!
550.5 0 0 27.930081 0 0 0 502.1 60.029 #DIV/0!
551.5 0 0 27.930081 0 0 0 502.3 60.029 #DIV/0!
552.5 0 0 27.930081 0 0 0 502.5 60.029 #DIV/0!
553.5 0 0 27.930081 0 0 0 502.4 60.029 #DIV/0!
554.5 0 0 27.930081 0 0 0 502.5 60.02 #DIV/0!
555.5 0 0 27.930081 0 0 0 502.3 60.02 #DIV/0!
556.5 0 0 27.930081 0 0 0 502.3 60.029 #DIV/0!
557.5 0 0 27.930081 0 0 0 502.4 60.02 #DIV/0!
558.5 0 0 27.930081 0 0 0 501.9 60.029 #DIV/0!
562.5 0 0 27.930081 0 0 0 501.9 60.029 #DIV/0!
563.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
564.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
736.8 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
737.5 0 0 27.92803 0 0 0 504.4 60.029 #DIV/0!
738.5 ‐4326 0 27.92803 0 0 0 504.5 60.04 #DIV/0!
739.5 ‐4416 0 27.92803 0 0 0 504.9 60.06 #DIV/0!
740.5 ‐4445 0 27.92803 ‐4792 ‐5278 9918 502.6 60.04 0.927588
741.5 ‐4067 0 27.92803 ‐4649 ‐4992 9219 502.4 60.04 0.874812
744.5 ‐4067 0 27.92803 ‐4649 ‐4992 9219 502.4 60.04 0.874812
745.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
746.5 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
749.0 0 0 NaN 0 0 0 0 0 #DIV/0!
749.5 ‐2050 0 27.927619 ‐2370 ‐5253 8641 502 60.06 0.864979
750.5 ‐1968 0 27.927619 ‐2313 ‐5122 8263 503 60.06 0.850843
751.5 ‐1830 0 27.927619 ‐2184 ‐5344 8720 503.2 60.06 0.837912
752.5 ‐1721 0 27.927824 ‐2062 ‐5091 8265 503.5 60.06 0.834627
753.5 ‐1630 0 27.927824 ‐1971 ‐5414 8614 503 60.069 0.826991
754.5 ‐1540 0 27.927824 ‐1884 ‐5168 8433 502.8 60.06 0.81741
755.5 ‐1460 0 27.927824 ‐1746 ‐5255 8452 503 60.06 0.836197
756.5 ‐1374 0 27.927824 ‐1702 ‐5325 8709 503 60.04 0.807286
757.5 ‐1311 0 27.927824 ‐1561 ‐5263 8314 503.1 60.04 0.839846
758.5 ‐1261 0 27.927619 ‐1619 ‐5344 8702 502.8 60.06 0.778876
157
759.5 ‐1203 0 27.927619 ‐1476 ‐5179 8149 503.2 60.06 0.815041
760.5 ‐1157 0 27.927619 ‐1498 ‐5394 8537 503.2 60.06 0.772363
761.5 ‐1116 0 27.927619 ‐1344 ‐5077 8098 503.1 60.06 0.830357
762.5 ‐1081 0 27.927414 ‐1355 ‐5343 8537 502.9 60.069 0.797786
763.5 ‐1043 0 27.927414 ‐1370 ‐5120 8347 502.8 60.04 0.761314
764.5 ‐1015 0 27.927414 ‐1243 ‐5336 8488 503.3 60.04 0.816573
765.5 ‐991 0 27.927414 ‐1279 ‐5321 8571 503.1 60.06 0.774824
766.5 ‐967 0 27.927209 ‐1214 ‐5274 8354 503.3 60.06 0.79654
767.5 ‐946 0 27.927209 ‐1314 ‐5416 8702 502.9 60.06 0.719939
768.5 ‐925 0 27.927004 ‐1137 ‐5258 8216 503 60.06 0.813544
769.5 ‐911 0 27.927004 ‐1195 ‐5506 8704 503.2 60.06 0.762343
770.5 ‐896 0 27.926388 ‐1135 ‐5146 8098 503.3 60.069 0.789427
771.5 ‐882 0 27.926388 ‐1165 ‐5468 8598 503.3 60.06 0.757082
772.5 ‐871 0 27.926388 ‐1146 ‐5165 8173 503.4 60.06 0.760035
773.5 ‐857 0 27.926388 ‐1146 ‐5348 8509 502.8 60.069 0.747818
774.5 ‐842 0 27.926388 ‐1076 ‐5266 8373 503.2 60.06 0.782528
775.5 ‐838 0 27.926388 ‐1035 ‐5385 8472 503.3 60.06 0.809662
776.5 ‐836 0 27.926388 ‐1075 ‐5452 8682 503.6 60.06 0.777674
777.5 ‐834 0 27.926388 ‐1017 ‐5362 8240 503.1 60.06 0.820059
778.5 ‐831 0 27.926388 ‐1124 ‐5519 8705 503.5 60.06 0.739324
779.5 ‐828 0 27.926388 ‐1026 ‐5260 8191 503.4 60.06 0.807018
780.5 ‐823 0 27.926388 ‐1067 ‐5498 8555 503 60.069 0.771321
781.5 ‐820 0 27.926388 ‐1031 ‐5190 8138 502.9 60.06 0.795344
782.5 ‐817 0 27.925978 ‐1022 ‐5418 8450 503.5 60.06 0.799413
783.5 ‐815 0 27.925773 ‐1048 ‐5244 8269 503.2 60.06 0.777672
784.5 ‐811 0 27.925773 ‐1048 ‐5404 8389 503.6 60.06 0.773855
785.5 ‐806 0 27.925773 ‐1094 ‐5369 8505 503.1 60.04 0.736746
786.5 ‐802 0 27.925773 ‐1031 ‐5397 8370 503.3 60.06 0.777886
787.5 ‐798 0 27.925773 ‐1120 ‐5468 8597 503.3 60.04 0.7125
788.5 ‐796 0 27.925362 ‐1057 ‐5376 8167 503.5 60.06 0.753075
789.5 ‐791 0 27.925362 ‐1107 ‐5578 8676 503.3 60.06 0.714544
790.5 ‐788 0 27.925362 ‐1047 ‐5217 8025 503.2 60.06 0.752627
791.5 ‐784 0 27.925362 ‐1048 ‐5494 8525 503.1 60.04 0.748092
792.5 ‐782 0 27.924952 ‐1034 ‐5182 8138 503.2 60.06 0.756286
793.5 ‐778 0 27.924952 ‐1027 ‐5496 8521 503.2 60.06 0.757546
794.5 ‐774 0 27.924747 ‐1059 ‐5355 8380 502.9 60.04 0.730878
795.5 ‐770 0 27.924747 ‐1049 ‐5404 8390 503.1 60.04 0.734032
796.5 ‐768 0 27.924541 ‐1094 ‐5482 8650 502.9 60.04 0.702011
797.5 ‐763 0 27.924541 ‐1034 ‐5429 8239 502.8 60.04 0.737911
798.5 ‐759 0 27.924541 ‐1102 ‐5603 8823 503.1 60.04 0.688748
799.5 ‐756 0 27.924541 ‐1050 ‐5361 8151 503 60.06 0.72
800.5 ‐752 0 27.924131 ‐1101 ‐5604 8787 503.1 60.04 0.683015
801.5 ‐748 0 27.924131 ‐1051 ‐5253 8132 502.8 60.06 0.711703
802.5 ‐753 0 27.923926 ‐961 ‐5573 8618 503.2 60.04 0.783559
803.5 ‐750 0 27.923926 ‐1050 ‐5298 8339 503.1 60.04 0.714286
804.5 ‐749 0 27.923926 ‐968 ‐5508 8481 503.1 60.04 0.77376
805.5 ‐750 0 27.923926 ‐1087 ‐5453 8620 503.2 60.04 0.689972
806.5 ‐748 0 27.923721 ‐948 ‐5469 8368 503 60.029 0.78903
807.5 ‐752 0 27.923721 ‐1118 ‐5533 8768 503 60.04 0.67263
808.5 ‐748 0 27.923516 ‐1022 ‐5336 8202 502.7 60.04 0.731898
809.5 ‐752 0 27.923516 ‐1120 ‐5670 8830 503.2 60.029 0.671429
810.5 ‐748 0 27.92331 ‐956 ‐5300 8148 503 60.04 0.782427
811.5 ‐751 0 27.92331 ‐1089 ‐5624 8804 503.2 60.06 0.689624
812.5 ‐749 0 27.92331 ‐1046 ‐5242 8287 503.1 60.06 0.716061
813.5 ‐751 0 27.92331 ‐936 ‐5601 8600 503.6 60.06 0.80235
814.5 ‐748 0 27.92331 ‐1077 ‐5434 8528 503.2 60.06 0.694522
815.5 ‐751 0 27.92331 ‐993 ‐5460 8377 502.8 60.029 0.756294
816.5 ‐749 0 27.923105 ‐1095 ‐5574 8746 503.3 60.029 0.684018
817.5 ‐751 0 27.923105 ‐964 ‐5426 8239 502.8 60.04 0.779046
818.5 ‐748 0 27.922695 ‐1117 ‐5606 8715 503.1 60.04 0.669651
819.5 ‐752 0 27.922695 ‐942 ‐5332 8178 503.3 60.04 0.798301
820.5 ‐750 0 27.922695 ‐1084 ‐5657 8688 503.8 60.04 0.691882
821.5 ‐749 0 27.922695 ‐937 ‐5309 8152 503.4 60.04 0.79936
822.5 ‐752 0 27.922284 ‐1041 ‐5554 8537 503.4 60.04 0.722382
823.5 ‐750 0 27.922284 ‐1046 ‐5362 8416 503.4 60.04 0.717017
824.5 ‐748 0 27.922284 ‐949 ‐5493 8464 503.7 60.06 0.788198
825.5 ‐751 0 27.922284 ‐1086 ‐5538 8682 503.4 60.029 0.691529
826.5 ‐749 0 27.921874 ‐1040 ‐5425 8237 503.7 60.06 0.720192
827.5 ‐753 0 27.921874 ‐1074 ‐5655 8855 503.5 60.04 0.701117
828.5 ‐748 0 27.921669 ‐1048 ‐5484 8275 503.6 60.04 0.71374
829.5 ‐753 0 27.921669 ‐1026 ‐5635 8796 503.6 60.04 0.733918
830.5 ‐750 0 27.921669 ‐1055 ‐5327 8156 503.8 60.06 0.7109
831.5 ‐749 0 27.921669 ‐961 ‐5652 8665 503.9 60.06 0.779396
832.5 ‐751 0 27.921053 ‐1053 ‐5377 8257 503.5 60.04 0.7132
833.5 ‐748 0 27.921053 ‐959 ‐5660 8556 503.5 60.06 0.779979
834.5 ‐752 0 27.921053 ‐1073 ‐5497 8566 503.4 60.04 0.700839
835.5 ‐749 0 27.921053 ‐963 ‐5557 8482 503.7 60.04 0.777778
836.5 ‐752 0 27.921053 ‐1117 ‐5614 8854 503.4 60.06 0.673232
837.5 ‐749 0 27.921053 ‐1043 ‐5505 8300 503.8 60.04 0.718121
838.5 ‐753 0 27.921053 ‐1052 ‐5681 8955 503.5 60.04 0.715779
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159
19651.0 ‐77446 0 28.659888 ‐79978 ‐2631 80243 483.9 60 0.968341
19651.5 ‐77447 0 28.660503 ‐79967 ‐2633 80283 483.7 60.02 0.968487
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19653.0 ‐77449 0 28.668915 ‐79930 ‐2596 80206 484 60.02 0.96896
19653.5 ‐77450 0 28.669736 ‐79971 ‐2738 80359 484.1 60.02 0.968476
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19654.5 ‐77451 0 28.670557 ‐80064 ‐2710 80348 484.1 60.02 0.967364
19655.0 ‐77446 0 28.680346 ‐80044 ‐2599 80324 483.9 60 0.967543
19655.5 ‐77445 0 28.680757 ‐79988 ‐2809 80407 484.2 60.02 0.968208
19656.0 ‐77445 0 28.680962 ‐79962 ‐2818 80297 484.2 60.029 0.968523
19656.5 ‐77447 0 28.681167 ‐79950 ‐2580 80209 483.9 60 0.968693
19657.0 ‐77448 0 28.681372 ‐79932 ‐2578 80256 483.9 60.02 0.968924
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19658.0 ‐77450 0 28.682662 ‐79992 ‐2733 80267 484 60 0.968222
19658.5 ‐77450 0 28.682867 ‐79943 ‐2562 80211 484.2 60 0.968815
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19660.0 ‐77448 0 28.690664 ‐79969 ‐2658 80248 484.1 60.02 0.968475
19660.5 ‐77449 0 28.690664 ‐79927 ‐2558 80222 484.2 60.02 0.968997
19661.0 ‐77449 0 28.700102 ‐80015 ‐2891 80428 484.3 59.99 0.967931
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19663.0 ‐77451 0 28.707429 ‐79993 ‐2844 80381 484.1 60 0.968222
19663.5 ‐77450 0 28.708045 ‐80056 ‐2713 80338 484.2 59.99 0.967448
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19665.5 ‐77451 0 28.72015 ‐79992 ‐2637 80284 484 59.99 0.968234
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19667.0 ‐77448 0 28.720971 ‐79961 ‐2749 80263 484.2 59.99 0.968572
19667.5 ‐77448 0 28.721996 ‐79950 ‐2539 80220 484 60 0.968705
19668.0 ‐77450 0 28.721996 ‐79941 ‐2615 80318 484 60 0.96884
19668.5 ‐77451 0 28.721996 ‐79992 ‐2842 80384 483.9 59.97 0.968234
19669.0 ‐77451 0 28.726656 ‐80009 ‐2668 80301 484.1 60 0.968029
19669.5 ‐77449 0 28.726656 ‐80019 ‐2466 80300 484.2 60.02 0.967883
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19670.5 ‐77449 0 28.727067 ‐79947 ‐2777 80291 484.3 59.99 0.968754
19671.0 ‐77450 0 28.738 ‐79974 ‐2578 80225 484.2 60 0.96844
19671.5 ‐77450 0 28.738615 ‐79943 ‐2587 80263 484.3 60 0.968815
19672.0 ‐77452 0 28.739231 ‐79971 ‐2796 80385 484.1 60 0.968501
19672.5 ‐77449 0 28.739641 ‐80046 ‐2743 80344 483.7 60.02 0.967556
19673.0 ‐77445 0 28.746207 ‐79956 ‐2480 80220 483.5 60 0.968595
19673.5 ‐77447 0 28.746822 ‐79941 ‐2722 80350 483.7 59.99 0.968802
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19674.5 ‐77449 0 28.747233 ‐79961 ‐2667 80264 483.9 60 0.968585
19675.0 ‐77450 0 28.756466 ‐79932 ‐2512 80211 483.6 60.02 0.968949
19675.5 ‐77451 0 28.757286 ‐79983 ‐2791 80401 484 60 0.968343
19676.0 ‐77449 0 28.757491 ‐80052 ‐2715 80394 484.2 60 0.967484
19676.5 ‐77447 0 28.757697 ‐79949 ‐2552 80205 484.1 60.02 0.968705
19677.0 ‐77447 0 28.757902 ‐79926 ‐2671 80291 483.7 60.02 0.968984
19677.5 ‐77449 0 28.758722 ‐79967 ‐2847 80367 484.1 59.99 0.968512
19678.0 ‐77449 0 28.758928 ‐79947 ‐2707 80234 484.4 60.02 0.968754
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19680.0 ‐77447 0 28.766724 ‐79925 ‐2624 80224 483.9 60.02 0.968996
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19681.5 ‐77449 0 28.77795 ‐79974 ‐2704 80282 483.7 60.02 0.968427
19682.0 ‐77449 0 28.77795 ‐79969 ‐2484 80230 484.2 60.02 0.968488
19682.5 ‐77450 0 28.77795 ‐79917 ‐2630 80298 484.3 60.02 0.96913
19683.0 ‐77452 0 28.784369 ‐80001 ‐2790 80398 483.8 60 0.968138
19683.5 ‐77449 0 28.784985 ‐80032 ‐2671 80305 483.8 60.02 0.967725
19684.0 ‐77447 0 28.78519 ‐79943 ‐2459 80214 483.9 60 0.968778
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19685.0 ‐77449 0 28.795918 ‐79945 ‐2773 80288 483.9 60.02 0.968779
19685.5 ‐77449 0 28.796533 ‐79953 ‐2560 80217 483.6 60.02 0.968682
19686.0 ‐77450 0 28.797149 ‐79942 ‐2526 80239 484 60.02 0.968827
19686.5 ‐77451 0 28.797559 ‐79953 ‐2796 80361 484 59.99 0.968707
19687.0 ‐77450 0 28.797559 ‐80041 ‐2714 80339 484.1 60.029 0.967629
19687.5 ‐77447 0 28.79838 ‐79968 ‐2464 80226 483.7 60.02 0.968475
19688.0 ‐77447 0 28.79838 ‐79962 ‐2624 80315 483.8 60.02 0.968548
19688.5 ‐77449 0 28.798585 ‐79948 ‐2804 80334 483.9 60 0.968742
19689.0 ‐77449 0 28.806236 ‐79954 ‐2680 80242 484 60.02 0.968669
19689.5 ‐77451 0 28.806236 ‐79949 ‐2444 80224 483.6 60.02 0.968755
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19691.0 ‐77445 0 28.817051 ‐79941 ‐2506 80202 483.9 60 0.968777
19691.5 ‐77446 0 28.817256 ‐79944 ‐2501 80270 483.7 60 0.968753
160
19692.0 ‐77447 0 28.817666 ‐79940 ‐2790 80338 484 60 0.968814
19692.5 ‐77447 0 28.817666 ‐79969 ‐2697 80264 484.1 60 0.968463
19693.0 ‐77449 0 28.824642 ‐79916 ‐2468 80191 484 59.99 0.96913
19693.5 ‐77450 0 28.825668 ‐79965 ‐2620 80345 483.9 60.02 0.968549
19694.0 ‐77451 0 28.825873 ‐79940 ‐2749 80322 484.1 59.97 0.968864
19694.6 ‐77451 0 28.826284 ‐79951 ‐2607 80236 484.5 60.02 0.968731
19695.1 ‐77449 0 28.836747 ‐80045 ‐2510 80342 483.7 59.99 0.967568
19695.6 ‐77448 0 28.837158 ‐79956 ‐2700 80372 483.8 60.02 0.968633
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19698.1 ‐77447 0 28.838653 ‐79949 ‐2653 80216 483.6 60.02 0.968705
19698.6 ‐77449 0 28.838858 ‐79945 ‐2411 80208 482.9 60 0.968779
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19701.1 ‐77446 0 28.854392 ‐79987 ‐2709 80370 482.2 60 0.968232
19701.6 ‐77447 0 28.855829 ‐79947 ‐2647 80251 481.7 60.02 0.968729
19702.1 ‐77449 0 28.856034 ‐79935 ‐2455 80190 481.7 60.02 0.9689
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19703.1 ‐77452 0 28.861984 ‐79973 ‐2723 80376 481.5 60 0.968477
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19704.6 ‐77450 0 28.86301 ‐79968 ‐2649 80376 481.9 60.02 0.968512
19705.1 ‐77451 0 28.873004 ‐79925 ‐2680 80272 482 60.04 0.969046
19705.6 ‐77451 0 28.873619 ‐80035 ‐2484 80305 481.7 60.02 0.967714
19706.1 ‐77447 0 28.873619 ‐80032 ‐2478 80342 482.1 60.02 0.9677
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19707.1 ‐77449 0 28.874235 ‐79936 ‐2608 80239 482.1 60.04 0.968888
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19708.1 ‐77453 0 28.875056 ‐79948 ‐2592 80374 481.4 60.02 0.968792
19708.6 ‐77450 0 28.875261 ‐80046 ‐2687 80415 481.1 60.06 0.967569
19709.1 ‐77448 0 28.882237 ‐80016 ‐2537 80271 480.8 60.029 0.967906
19709.6 ‐77449 0 28.882647 ‐79925 ‐2386 80195 480.8 60.02 0.969021
19710.1 ‐77450 0 28.882647 ‐79961 ‐2577 80382 481.4 59.99 0.968597
19710.6 ‐77451 0 28.882852 ‐79928 ‐2625 80270 480.6 60 0.96901
19711.1 ‐77451 0 28.893608 ‐80043 ‐2450 80298 481.1 60 0.967617
19711.6 ‐77447 0 28.894018 ‐79999 ‐2425 80289 481.4 60 0.9681
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19713.6 ‐77449 0 28.901728 ‐80021 ‐2597 80396 481.5 60 0.967858
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19715.1 ‐77451 0 28.911576 ‐79982 ‐2438 80304 481.7 60.02 0.968355
19715.6 ‐77447 0 28.912602 ‐80032 ‐2653 80432 481.8 60.02 0.9677
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19717.1 ‐77450 0 28.913218 ‐79935 ‐2441 80264 482.2 60.02 0.968912
19717.6 ‐77452 0 28.914039 ‐79937 ‐2694 80342 481.6 60 0.968913
19718.1 ‐77450 0 28.914244 ‐80037 ‐2571 80316 481.6 60.02 0.967677
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19719.1 ‐77449 0 28.922451 ‐79939 ‐2643 80373 481.2 60 0.968851
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19723.1 ‐77450 0 28.939626 ‐80020 ‐2588 80398 479.5 60.02 0.967883
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19724.1 ‐77450 0 28.941472 ‐79911 ‐2318 80200 478.5 60.02 0.969203
19724.6 ‐77452 0 28.941472 ‐79910 ‐2558 80309 478.9 60.02 0.96924
19725.1 ‐77453 0 28.950354 ‐80001 ‐2604 80349 479.1 59.99 0.96815
19725.6 ‐77451 0 28.950765 ‐80013 ‐2392 80279 478.6 60 0.96798
19726.1 ‐77447 0 28.95097 ‐80025 ‐2365 80304 478.5 60.02 0.967785
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19727.1 ‐77451 0 28.95179 ‐79909 ‐2523 80199 478.3 59.99 0.96924
19727.6 ‐77453 0 28.952611 ‐79935 ‐2314 80208 478.6 60 0.96895
19728.1 ‐77452 0 28.952611 ‐80035 ‐2487 80410 478.4 60 0.967727
19728.6 ‐77449 0 28.952611 ‐80011 ‐2597 80379 478.3 59.99 0.967979
19729.1 ‐77450 0 28.960613 ‐79919 ‐2486 80183 478.4 59.99 0.969106
19729.6 ‐77452 0 28.960613 ‐79935 ‐2302 80202 478.3 60 0.968937
19730.1 ‐77451 0 28.960613 ‐80026 ‐2534 80433 478.3 59.99 0.967823
19730.6 ‐77448 0 28.960818 ‐79998 ‐2570 80314 478.3 59.99 0.968124
19731.1 ‐77450 0 28.970461 ‐79913 ‐2344 80151 477.9 59.97 0.969179
19731.6 ‐77452 0 28.971487 ‐79954 ‐2348 80267 478.3 60.02 0.968707
19732.1 ‐77449 0 28.971692 ‐80012 ‐2595 80400 478.8 59.959 0.967967
19732.6 ‐77449 0 28.972103 ‐79941 ‐2498 80203 478.8 59.97 0.968827
161
19733.1 ‐77452 0 28.978317 ‐79932 ‐2291 80183 478.3 59.99 0.968974
19733.6 ‐77451 0 28.979138 ‐80018 ‐2500 80384 478.1 59.97 0.96792
19734.1 ‐77449 0 28.979343 ‐80021 ‐2586 80393 478.7 59.99 0.967858
19734.6 ‐77450 0 28.979548 ‐79905 ‐2427 80186 478.5 59.99 0.969276
19735.1 ‐77452 0 28.990952 ‐79913 ‐2279 80189 478.4 59.99 0.969204
19735.6 ‐77451 0 28.991567 ‐80055 ‐2582 80441 477.9 60 0.967472
19736.1 ‐77447 0 28.991567 ‐80019 ‐2524 80306 478.3 60 0.967858
19736.6 ‐77449 0 28.991773 ‐79937 ‐2341 80190 478.7 59.97 0.968875
19737.1 ‐77450 0 28.992123 ‐79941 ‐2425 80296 479 60 0.96884
19737.6 ‐77451 0 28.992944 ‐79966 ‐2583 80342 478.8 59.959 0.968549
19738.1 ‐77451 0 28.993149 ‐80025 ‐2485 80294 479.3 59.99 0.967835
19738.6 ‐77448 0 28.993354 ‐80026 ‐2283 80280 478.9 59.97 0.967785
19739.1 ‐77449 0 28.998835 ‐79915 ‐2555 80318 479.2 59.97 0.969142
19739.6 ‐77451 0 28.99904 ‐79936 ‐2591 80285 478.9 59.95 0.968913
19740.1 ‐77452 0 28.99904 ‐80013 ‐2422 80274 479.2 59.97 0.967993
19740.6 ‐77449 0 28.999245 ‐80021 ‐2322 80289 478.8 59.99 0.967858
19741.1 ‐77449 0 29.009444 ‐79953 ‐2587 80341 479.4 59.95 0.968682
19741.6 ‐77451 0 29.010265 ‐79930 ‐2523 80214 479.2 59.97 0.968985
19742.1 ‐77454 0 29.01047 ‐79928 ‐2331 80179 478.7 60 0.969047
19742.6 ‐77451 0 29.010675 ‐80017 ‐2441 80373 478.9 60 0.967932
19743.1 ‐77449 0 29.017386 ‐80028 ‐2604 80402 478.9 59.99 0.967774
19743.6 ‐77451 0 29.018002 ‐79897 ‐2485 80157 478.8 59.99 0.969386
19744.1 ‐77453 0 29.018002 ‐79944 ‐2302 80224 478.8 59.99 0.968841
19744.6 ‐77451 0 29.018207 ‐80030 ‐2563 80430 478.9 59.99 0.967775
19745.1 ‐77448 0 29.02791 ‐79998 ‐2577 80323 478.8 59.99 0.968124
19745.6 ‐77450 0 29.02873 ‐79923 ‐2376 80183 478.7 60 0.969058
19746.1 ‐77453 0 29.028936 ‐79930 ‐2353 80257 478.7 59.97 0.96901
19746.6 ‐77450 0 29.029141 ‐80070 ‐2581 80462 478.7 59.99 0.967279
19747.1 ‐77447 0 29.029551 ‐79988 ‐2548 80250 479.1 59.97 0.968233
19747.6 ‐77449 0 29.030372 ‐79919 ‐2317 80177 479.2 60 0.969094
19748.1 ‐77452 0 29.030577 ‐79915 ‐2487 80296 478.6 59.99 0.96918
19748.6 ‐77451 0 29.030577 ‐80042 ‐2590 80393 479.2 59.99 0.967629
19749.1 ‐77449 0 29.037758 ‐80008 ‐2467 80280 479.1 60 0.968016
19749.6 ‐77450 0 29.038168 ‐79915 ‐2323 80195 479.1 60.02 0.969155
19750.1 ‐77453 0 29.038168 ‐79951 ‐2544 80379 479.4 59.97 0.968756
19750.6 ‐77451 0 29.038168 ‐80003 ‐2553 80322 479.1 59.99 0.968101
19751.1 ‐77448 0 29.048427 ‐80030 ‐2359 80281 479.1 59.99 0.967737
19751.6 ‐77449 0 29.049043 ‐79908 ‐2375 80212 479.3 60 0.969227
19752.1 ‐77451 0 29.049043 ‐79952 ‐2598 80334 479.1 60 0.968719
19752.6 ‐77453 0 29.049453 ‐79961 ‐2484 80253 479.4 59.99 0.968635
19753.1 ‐77451 0 29.053967 ‐80019 ‐2288 80284 478.3 60 0.967908
19753.6 ‐77449 0 29.054993 ‐79987 ‐2517 80347 478.7 60 0.96827
19754.1 ‐77450 0 29.055198 ‐79927 ‐2604 80288 479.3 60 0.969009
19754.6 ‐77453 0 29.055608 ‐79950 ‐2434 80247 479 60 0.968768
19755.1 ‐77450 0 29.066893 ‐80002 ‐2314 80274 478.3 59.99 0.968101
19755.6 ‐77449 0 29.067918 ‐79968 ‐2581 80365 478.6 60 0.9685
19756.1 ‐77451 0 29.067918 ‐79910 ‐2555 80230 478.7 60 0.969228
19756.6 ‐77452 0 29.068124 ‐80015 ‐2328 80265 478.7 60 0.967969
19757.1 ‐77449 0 29.068329 ‐80005 ‐2375 80321 478.4 60.029 0.968052
19757.6 ‐77449 0 29.06915 ‐79940 ‐2604 80334 478.5 60 0.968839
19758.1 ‐77452 0 29.06915 ‐79908 ‐2480 80181 478.8 60.02 0.969265
19758.6 ‐77452 0 29.069355 ‐80008 ‐2286 80273 479.1 60 0.968053
19759.1 ‐77449 0 29.077356 ‐80053 ‐2544 80462 478.6 60 0.967472
19759.6 ‐77448 0 29.077562 ‐79941 ‐2591 80298 479 59.99 0.968815
19760.1 ‐77450 0 29.077562 ‐79932 ‐2422 80204 479.3 60 0.968949
19760.6 ‐77451 0 29.077562 ‐79936 ‐2322 80230 479.3 60.02 0.968913
19761.1 ‐77452 0 29.085769 ‐79975 ‐2622 80383 480.2 59.97 0.968453
19761.6 ‐77448 0 29.086179 ‐80047 ‐2580 80326 480.6 59.99 0.967532
19762.1 ‐77448 0 29.086384 ‐79939 ‐2336 80196 480.2 60 0.968839
19762.6 ‐77449 0 29.086589 ‐79911 ‐2494 80257 480.6 59.99 0.969191
19763.1 ‐77451 0 29.094796 ‐79920 ‐2651 80270 482 60 0.969107
19763.6 ‐77453 0 29.095617 ‐79981 ‐2537 80270 480.6 60 0.968392
19764.1 ‐77450 0 29.095822 ‐80029 ‐2339 80288 481.6 59.99 0.967774
19764.6 ‐77448 0 29.096027 ‐79961 ‐2592 80357 482 60.02 0.968572
19765.1 ‐77449 0 29.106286 ‐79915 ‐2623 80236 481.6 60.029 0.969142
19765.6 ‐77451 0 29.107107 ‐79953 ‐2420 80221 481.7 60.02 0.968707
19766.1 ‐77448 0 29.107107 ‐80011 ‐2425 80292 482 60 0.967967
19766.6 ‐77448 0 29.107517 ‐79953 ‐2653 80348 481.8 60 0.968669
19767.1 ‐77449 0 29.107722 ‐79945 ‐2854 80241 481.6 60.02 0.968779
19767.6 ‐77451 0 29.108543 ‐79915 ‐2390 80168 481.8 60.02 0.969167
19768.1 ‐77453 0 29.108748 ‐80027 ‐3129 80462 481.4 60 0.967836
19768.6 ‐77450 0 29.108953 ‐80019 ‐2671 80394 481.5 59.99 0.967895
19769.1 ‐77448 0 29.114903 ‐79965 ‐2535 80217 481.5 60.02 0.968524
19769.6 ‐77449 0 29.115108 ‐79977 ‐3144 80412 481.7 60.029 0.968391
19770.1 ‐77451 0 29.115108 ‐79933 ‐2628 80344 482.1 60 0.968949
19770.6 ‐77451 0 29.115108 ‐80028 ‐2905 80349 481.4 60 0.967799
19771.1 ‐77447 0 29.126188 ‐80022 ‐2875 80334 481.3 60 0.967821
19771.6 ‐77447 0 29.126598 ‐79960 ‐3157 80401 481.2 59.99 0.968572
19772.1 ‐77449 0 29.126598 ‐79944 ‐3059 80263 481.7 60.02 0.968791
19772.6 ‐77450 0 29.126803 ‐79961 ‐2824 80246 481.2 60 0.968597
19773.1 ‐77451 0 29.134189 ‐80002 ‐3021 80429 481.5 60.02 0.968113
19773.6 ‐77448 0 29.13542 ‐80011 ‐3180 80408 481.8 59.99 0.967967
162
19774.1 ‐77449 0 29.135626 ‐79956 ‐3003 80271 481.6 60 0.968645
19774.6 ‐77450 0 29.136036 ‐79924 ‐2898 80254 481.9 60.02 0.969046
19775.1 ‐77452 0 29.144363 ‐79947 ‐2353 80247 481.9 60 0.968792
19775.6 ‐77448 0 29.145183 ‐80019 ‐3089 80377 482.1 60 0.96787
19776.1 ‐77448 0 29.145388 ‐79944 ‐2889 80223 482 60 0.968778
19776.6 ‐77449 0 29.145594 ‐79964 ‐2954 80326 482.1 60 0.968548
19777.1 ‐77450 0 29.145944 ‐79934 ‐2479 80258 481.8 60.02 0.968924
19777.6 ‐77452 0 29.146765 ‐79999 ‐3114 80331 482.6 60 0.968162
19778.1 ‐77449 0 29.146765 ‐80045 ‐2818 80339 482.1 60.02 0.967568
19778.6 ‐77448 0 29.14697 ‐79945 ‐3095 80385 482.3 60.02 0.968766
19779.1 ‐77450 0 29.154561 ‐79961 ‐3107 80360 482.1 59.99 0.968597
19779.6 ‐77452 0 29.154561 ‐79964 ‐2959 80301 482.6 60 0.968586
19780.1 ‐77450 0 29.154561 ‐80036 ‐2844 80344 482.1 60 0.96769
19780.6 ‐77448 0 29.154561 ‐79994 ‐3135 80420 482.6 60 0.968173
19781.1 ‐77449 0 29.16441 ‐79941 ‐3008 80283 482.1 60 0.968827
19781.6 ‐77450 0 29.165436 ‐79957 ‐2864 80230 482.3 60 0.968646
19782.1 ‐77452 0 29.165641 ‐79945 ‐2944 80319 482.1 60 0.968816
19782.6 ‐77452 0 29.166051 ‐80029 ‐3144 80453 481.4 59.99 0.967799
19783.1 ‐77449 0 29.171591 ‐80039 ‐2976 80335 481.9 59.99 0.967641
19783.6 ‐77450 0 29.172412 ‐79909 ‐2836 80234 481.8 59.99 0.969227
19784.1 ‐77453 0 29.172617 ‐79957 ‐2987 80394 481 60 0.968683
19784.6 ‐77450 0 29.172822 ‐80043 ‐3040 80440 480.9 60 0.967605
19785.1 ‐77447 0 29.18267 ‐79957 ‐2900 80251 481.3 60 0.968608
19785.6 ‐77449 0 29.183696 ‐79931 ‐2855 80259 480.2 59.99 0.968948
19786.1 ‐77451 0 29.183696 ‐79961 ‐3003 80399 480.2 60 0.96861
19786.6 ‐77453 0 29.183901 ‐79987 ‐3072 80308 480.4 60.02 0.96832
19787.1 ‐77450 0 29.184312 ‐80060 ‐2794 80340 480 60 0.967399
19787.6 ‐77448 0 29.184927 ‐79962 ‐3013 80376 479.9 59.99 0.96856
19788.1 ‐77450 0 29.185132 ‐79942 ‐2960 80350 480 60 0.968827
19788.6 ‐77452 0 29.185337 ‐80025 ‐2902 80325 480 60.02 0.967848
19789.1 ‐77449 0 29.192253 ‐80036 ‐2738 80328 479.5 60 0.967677
19789.6 ‐77449 0 29.192253 ‐79944 ‐3065 80389 479.1 60 0.968791
19790.1 ‐77452 0 29.192253 ‐79905 ‐2957 80284 479.6 59.99 0.969301
19790.6 ‐77453 0 29.192253 ‐80044 ‐2830 80332 479.9 60.02 0.96763
19791.1 ‐77451 0 29.202922 ‐80011 ‐2806 80342 479.9 60.04 0.968004
19791.6 ‐77447 0 29.203948 ‐80016 ‐3031 80419 479.5 59.97 0.967894
19792.1 ‐77449 0 29.204154 ‐79911 ‐2954 80220 480.2 60 0.969191
19792.6 ‐77451 0 29.204359 ‐79942 ‐2706 80228 479.9 59.97 0.96884
19793.1 ‐77453 0 29.210719 ‐80024 ‐2902 80418 479.3 59.99 0.967872
19793.6 ‐77449 0 29.21154 ‐80051 ‐3006 80447 479.7 60 0.967496
19794.1 ‐77450 0 29.21154 ‐79913 ‐2866 80204 479.9 60 0.969179
19794.6 ‐77453 0 29.211745 ‐79968 ‐2687 80267 479.8 60.029 0.96855
19795.1 ‐77452 0 29.221593 ‐80045 ‐2974 80474 479.6 60 0.967606
19795.6 ‐77449 0 29.222209 ‐80029 ‐2944 80372 479.8 60.029 0.967762
19796.1 ‐77450 0 29.222414 ‐79964 ‐2796 80233 479.8 60 0.968561
19796.6 ‐77451 0 29.222414 ‐79928 ‐2818 80268 479.3 60.029 0.96901
19797.1 ‐77453 0 29.222824 ‐80015 ‐3082 80449 479.6 59.99 0.967981
19797.6 ‐77451 0 29.22344 ‐80035 ‐2885 80334 479.7 60 0.967714
19798.1 ‐77449 0 29.223645 ‐79953 ‐2733 80246 479.3 60.02 0.968682
19798.6 ‐77451 0 29.223645 ‐79943 ‐2843 80358 479.2 60.029 0.968828
19799.1 ‐77453 0 29.230416 ‐79984 ‐2978 80377 479.4 59.99 0.968356
19799.6 ‐77452 0 29.230621 ‐80021 ‐2785 80317 479.4 60.02 0.967896
19800.1 ‐77450 0 29.230621 ‐80018 ‐2675 80325 479.1 60.029 0.967907
19800.6 ‐77450 0 29.230826 ‐79960 ‐2880 80387 479.4 59.97 0.968609
19801.1 ‐77452 0 29.242316 ‐79914 ‐2917 80241 478.6 60.02 0.969192
19801.6 ‐77452 0 29.243547 ‐80026 ‐2658 80308 478.3 60.029 0.967835
19802.1 ‐77450 0 29.243752 ‐80032 ‐2787 80394 478.4 60.02 0.967738
19802.6 ‐77449 0 29.243957 ‐79953 ‐2989 80361 478.8 60 0.968682
19803.1 ‐77452 0 29.249086 ‐79903 ‐2883 80197 478.6 60 0.969325
19803.6 ‐77453 0 29.249497 ‐80038 ‐2709 80332 478.4 60.029 0.967703
19804.1 ‐77450 0 29.249702 ‐80020 ‐2869 80443 478.4 60.02 0.967883
19804.6 ‐77449 0 29.249907 ‐79950 ‐2940 80336 478.3 59.99 0.968718
19805.1 ‐77451 0 29.260166 ‐79906 ‐2751 80197 478.2 60.02 0.969276
19805.6 ‐77454 0 29.261192 ‐79992 ‐2615 80317 478 60.02 0.968272
19806.1 ‐77451 0 29.261192 ‐80041 ‐2915 80461 478.2 60 0.967642
19806.6 ‐77447 0 29.261397 ‐80007 ‐2905 80309 479 60.02 0.968003
19807.1 ‐77449 0 29.261807 ‐79898 ‐2696 80185 478.2 60 0.969348
19807.6 ‐77452 0 29.262628 ‐79945 ‐2912 80382 477.8 60.02 0.968816
19808.1 ‐77452 0 29.262833 ‐80041 ‐2912 80440 478.6 60 0.967654
19808.6 ‐77449 0 29.263038 ‐80016 ‐2793 80304 478.3 60.02 0.967919
19809.1 ‐77449 0 29.270895 ‐79937 ‐2609 80240 478.5 60.029 0.968875
19809.6 ‐77452 0 29.270895 ‐79940 ‐2870 80377 478.1 59.99 0.968877
19810.1 ‐77452 0 29.270895 ‐80018 ‐2884 80378 478.7 59.99 0.967932
19810.6 ‐77450 0 29.2711 ‐80017 ‐2687 80288 478.2 60 0.967919
19811.1 ‐77449 0 29.280478 ‐79918 ‐2693 80251 478.4 60 0.969106
19811.6 ‐77451 0 29.281299 ‐79947 ‐2944 80352 478.5 59.97 0.968779
19812.1 ‐77453 0 29.281504 ‐80002 ‐2801 80304 478.9 59.99 0.968138
19812.6 ‐77452 0 29.281709 ‐79979 ‐2691 80272 478.9 59.97 0.968404
19813.1 ‐77450 0 29.288275 ‐80034 ‐2798 80411 478 59.99 0.967714
19813.6 ‐77448 0 29.2893 ‐79975 ‐2951 80352 478.8 59.99 0.968403
19814.1 ‐77450 0 29.2893 ‐79885 ‐2734 80194 478.8 59.99 0.969519
19814.6 ‐77454 0 29.289506 ‐79990 ‐2642 80308 478.4 59.97 0.968296
163
19815.1 ‐77452 0 29.299559 ‐80028 ‐2828 80445 478.4 59.99 0.967811
19815.6 ‐77449 0 29.299969 ‐80036 ‐2829 80358 478.5 59.99 0.967677
19816.1 ‐77449 0 29.300175 ‐79903 ‐2598 80171 478.8 59.99 0.969288
19816.6 ‐77452 0 29.300585 ‐79956 ‐2673 80347 478 59.99 0.968683
19817.1 ‐77450 0 29.300995 ‐80016 ‐2879 80425 478.4 59.99 0.967931
19817.6 ‐77448 0 29.301816 ‐79959 ‐2803 80256 478.3 59.97 0.968596
19818.1 ‐77450 0 29.302021 ‐79906 ‐2572 80189 478.7 60 0.969264
19818.6 ‐77452 0 29.302021 ‐80016 ‐2772 80446 478 59.99 0.967956
19819.1 ‐77451 0 29.308176 ‐80022 ‐2877 80400 478.5 60 0.967871
19819.6 ‐77449 0 29.308382 ‐80004 ‐2705 80292 478.3 60.02 0.968064
19820.1 ‐77450 0 29.308382 ‐79937 ‐2528 80243 478.6 60 0.968888
19820.6 ‐77452 0 29.308587 ‐79919 ‐2886 80339 479.1 59.97 0.969131
19821.1 ‐77452 0 29.31823 ‐80030 ‐2801 80353 478.5 59.99 0.967787
19821.6 ‐77450 0 29.319051 ‐80033 ‐2605 80306 478.8 60 0.967726
19822.1 ‐77448 0 29.319051 ‐79918 ‐2722 80273 478.9 59.99 0.969093
19822.6 ‐77452 0 29.319051 ‐79908 ‐2884 80307 479.3 59.99 0.969265
19823.1 ‐77453 0 29.326907 ‐80043 ‐2812 80328 478.7 59.99 0.967642
19823.6 ‐77452 0 29.327728 ‐79990 ‐2558 80279 479.1 60.02 0.968271
19824.1 ‐77450 0 29.327933 ‐80033 ‐2827 80466 478.5 60.02 0.967726
19824.6 ‐77450 0 29.328344 ‐79907 ‐2864 80289 479 60.02 0.969252
19825.1 ‐77453 0 29.338542 ‐79976 ‐2619 80275 478.5 59.99 0.968453
19825.6 ‐77452 0 29.339158 ‐80017 ‐2554 80325 478.5 60 0.967944
19826.1 ‐77449 0 29.339158 ‐80053 ‐2840 80466 478.7 60 0.967472
19826.6 ‐77449 0 29.339363 ‐79919 ‐2726 80223 478.8 60.02 0.969094
19827.1 ‐77451 0 29.339773 ‐79903 ‐2561 80177 478.8 60 0.969313
19827.6 ‐77453 0 29.340799 ‐80012 ‐2656 80392 478.1 60 0.968017
19828.1 ‐77451 0 29.341004 ‐80020 ‐2840 80413 478.8 60 0.967896
19828.6 ‐77448 0 29.341004 ‐80005 ‐2732 80279 479.4 60 0.968039
19829.1 ‐77450 0 29.34804 ‐79931 ‐2507 80220 478.6 60 0.968961
19829.5 ‐77452 0 29.348245 ‐79908 ‐2775 80341 479.4 60 0.969265
19830.1 ‐77452 0 29.348245 ‐79908 ‐2775 80341 479.4 60 0.969265
19830.6 ‐77451 0 29.348245 ‐80039 ‐2633 80307 480.2 59.99 0.967666
19831.1 ‐77447 0 29.357478 ‐79945 ‐2615 80266 480.3 60 0.968754
19831.6 ‐77448 0 29.358094 ‐79952 ‐2911 80365 480.8 59.99 0.968681
19832.1 ‐77451 0 29.358094 ‐79917 ‐2871 80221 481.5 60.029 0.969143
19832.6 ‐77453 0 29.358299 ‐80000 ‐2608 80282 481.9 60.02 0.968163
19833.1 ‐77450 0 29.364394 ‐80047 ‐2844 80460 482 60.029 0.967557
19833.6 ‐77448 0 29.365625 ‐79948 ‐2691 80335 482.3 60.02 0.96873
19834.1 ‐77450 0 29.36583 ‐79939 ‐2782 80234 481.6 60 0.968864
19834.6 ‐77453 0 29.36624 ‐79917 ‐2606 80196 481.8 60.02 0.969168
19835.0 ‐77450 0 29.376439 ‐80068 ‐2895 80494 481.9 60.02 0.967303
19835.6 ‐77450 0 29.376439 ‐80068 ‐2895 80494 481.9 60.02 0.967303
19836.1 ‐77450 0 29.377465 ‐79930 ‐2589 80196 482 60 0.968973
19836.6 ‐77452 0 29.37767 ‐79969 ‐2637 80326 481.9 60.02 0.968525
19837.1 ‐77450 0 29.37814 ‐80016 ‐2914 80426 481.6 59.99 0.967931
19837.6 ‐77445 0 29.378961 ‐79940 ‐2796 80206 481.7 60 0.968789
19838.1 ‐77449 0 29.378961 ‐79886 ‐2673 80143 482.2 60 0.969494
19838.6 ‐77452 0 29.378961 ‐79918 ‐2791 80304 481.5 60.02 0.969143
19839.1 ‐77453 0 29.386553 ‐80012 ‐2849 80374 481.6 60 0.968017
19839.6 ‐77450 0 29.386963 ‐80007 ‐2688 80283 481.7 60 0.96804
19840.1 ‐77449 0 29.386963 ‐79898 ‐2633 80182 481.5 60.02 0.969348
19840.6 ‐77452 0 29.386963 ‐79914 ‐2507 80179 481.2 60 0.969192
19841.1 ‐77451 0 29.395375 ‐80008 ‐2787 80317 481.1 60.04 0.968041
19841.6 ‐77448 0 29.396196 ‐80001 ‐2582 80239 481 60.02 0.968088
19842.1 ‐77450 0 29.396401 ‐79896 ‐2734 80268 481 60.02 0.969385
19842.6 ‐77453 0 29.396811 ‐79982 ‐2845 80357 480.5 60.02 0.96838
19843.1 ‐77452 0 29.403787 ‐80034 ‐2736 80298 480.8 60 0.967739
19843.6 ‐77449 0 29.404403 ‐79986 ‐2539 80243 481 60.029 0.968282
19844.1 ‐77450 0 29.404608 ‐79907 ‐2860 80314 481.2 60 0.969252
19844.6 ‐77454 0 29.405018 ‐79958 ‐2821 80317 480.8 60.029 0.968684
19845.1 ‐77453 0 29.415747 ‐80003 ‐2628 80253 480.9 60.02 0.968126
19845.6 ‐77451 0 29.416773 ‐79998 ‐2561 80268 480.4 60.029 0.968162
19846.1 ‐77449 0 29.416773 ‐80037 ‐2832 80413 480.7 60 0.967665
19846.6 ‐77450 0 29.416979 ‐79882 ‐2756 80170 480.6 60.02 0.969555
19847.1 ‐77452 0 29.417329 ‐79945 ‐2709 80229 480.5 60.04 0.968816
19847.6 ‐77451 0 29.418149 ‐79971 ‐2704 80318 480 60.029 0.968489
19848.1 ‐77450 0 29.418354 ‐80017 ‐2835 80384 480.1 60 0.967919
19848.6 ‐77449 0 29.418354 ‐79900 ‐2711 80161 480.8 60.02 0.969324
19849.1 ‐77452 0 29.425535 ‐79939 ‐2663 80188 480.3 60.029 0.968889
19849.6 ‐77452 0 29.425741 ‐79990 ‐2521 80250 480.3 60.04 0.968271
19850.1 ‐77449 0 29.425741 ‐80033 ‐2782 80366 480.3 60 0.967713
19850.6 ‐77450 0 29.425946 ‐79944 ‐2604 80199 480.9 60.02 0.968803
19851.1 ‐77452 0 29.433537 ‐79940 ‐2659 80289 481.3 60 0.968877
19851.6 ‐77453 0 29.433742 ‐80049 ‐2794 80450 481.5 59.99 0.96757
19852.0 ‐77449 0 29.433948 ‐80019 ‐2739 80299 481.9 60.029 0.967883
19852.5 ‐77449 0 29.433948 ‐80019 ‐2739 80299 481.9 60.029 0.967883
19853.0 ‐77451 0 29.44236 ‐79965 ‐3828 80270 481.8 60.029 0.968561
19853.5 ‐77453 0 29.44318 ‐79993 ‐3526 80275 482.4 60.02 0.968247
19854.0 ‐77451 0 29.44318 ‐80083 ‐3807 80502 482.1 60 0.967134
19854.5 ‐77448 0 29.443591 ‐80030 ‐2740 80284 482.4 60.02 0.967737
19855.0 ‐77448 0 29.453439 ‐79951 ‐3529 80219 482.5 60.02 0.968693
19855.5 ‐77450 0 29.454055 ‐79958 ‐3606 80250 482.5 60.02 0.968634
164
19856.0 ‐77453 0 29.454465 ‐79986 ‐3750 80406 482.5 60 0.968332
19856.5 ‐77450 0 29.45467 ‐80095 ‐3844 80416 482.4 60.02 0.966977
19857.1 ‐77450 0 29.45467 ‐80095 ‐3844 80416 482.4 60.02 0.966977
19857.6 ‐77451 0 29.455491 ‐79920 ‐2893 80273 482.4 59.99 0.969107
19858.1 ‐77455 0 29.455696 ‐79983 ‐2739 80257 482.2 60.029 0.968393
19858.6 ‐77452 0 29.455901 ‐80005 ‐2753 80372 482.3 60.02 0.968089
19859.1 ‐77451 0 29.462877 ‐80029 ‐2827 80375 482 60.04 0.967787
19859.6 ‐77448 0 29.463287 ‐79970 ‐2639 80224 482.2 60.02 0.968463
19860.1 ‐77450 0 29.463287 ‐79930 ‐2672 80186 482 60.029 0.968973
19860.6 ‐77454 0 29.463287 ‐80016 ‐2744 80424 481.9 60.02 0.967981
19861.1 ‐77451 0 29.472725 ‐80029 ‐2758 80332 481.7 60.029 0.967787
19861.6 ‐77448 0 29.473751 ‐79992 ‐2493 80228 482.2 60.02 0.968197
19862.1 ‐77450 0 29.473751 ‐79910 ‐2624 80265 481.9 60.029 0.969215
19862.6 ‐77452 0 29.473956 ‐79949 ‐2731 80306 482 60.02 0.968768
19863.1 ‐77451 0 29.480522 ‐80028 ‐2704 80298 482.3 60.029 0.967799
19863.5 ‐77448 0 29.481343 ‐79937 ‐2530 80190 482.3 60.029 0.968863
19864.1 ‐77448 0 29.481343 ‐79937 ‐2530 80190 482.3 60.029 0.968863
19864.6 ‐77452 0 29.481753 ‐79949 ‐2861 80342 483 60 0.968768
19865.1 ‐77450 0 29.492217 ‐80038 ‐2607 80298 482.5 60.029 0.967665
19865.6 ‐77449 0 29.492832 ‐79913 ‐2570 80190 483.2 60.029 0.969166
19866.1 ‐77451 0 29.492832 ‐79936 ‐2851 80325 483.1 60.02 0.968913
19866.6 ‐77453 0 29.493243 ‐80028 ‐2726 80314 483.3 60.02 0.967824
19867.1 ‐77450 0 29.493653 ‐80003 ‐2532 80255 483.8 60.029 0.968089
19867.6 ‐77448 0 29.494474 ‐79965 ‐2624 80198 483.5 60.02 0.968524
19868.1 ‐77451 0 29.494474 ‐79918 ‐2889 80289 483.5 60.04 0.969131
19868.6 ‐77452 0 29.494474 ‐80027 ‐2710 80292 483.6 60.02 0.967823
19869.1 ‐77448 0 29.50145 ‐79998 ‐2532 80256 483.6 60.04 0.968124
19869.6 ‐77449 0 29.501655 ‐79973 ‐2790 80376 483.6 60.04 0.968439
19870.1 ‐77450 0 29.501655 ‐79958 ‐2769 80273 483.5 60.04 0.968634
19870.6 ‐77452 0 29.50186 ‐80007 ‐2580 80258 483.9 60.04 0.968065
19871.1 ‐77449 0 29.511648 ‐80029 ‐2558 80342 483.9 60 0.967762
19871.6 ‐77448 0 29.512468 ‐79956 ‐2818 80342 483.8 60.04 0.968633
19872.1 ‐77451 0 29.512468 ‐79936 ‐2715 80206 484.3 60.02 0.968913
19872.6 ‐77453 0 29.512879 ‐79992 ‐2545 80271 483.5 60.02 0.968259
19873.1 ‐77450 0 29.518745 ‐80015 ‐2650 80270 484.3 60.04 0.967944
19873.6 ‐77448 0 29.519771 ‐79958 ‐2790 80324 484.2 60.02 0.968609
19874.1 ‐77450 0 29.519976 ‐79951 ‐2670 80216 483.7 60.02 0.968718
19874.6 ‐77451 0 29.520181 ‐79916 ‐2547 80194 484 60.06 0.969155
19875.1 ‐77453 0 29.53085 ‐80004 ‐2789 80434 483.9 60 0.968114
19875.6 ‐77450 0 29.531671 ‐80064 ‐2954 80441 484.2 60.04 0.967351
19876.1 ‐77447 0 29.531876 ‐79958 ‐2555 80198 484 60.06 0.968596
19876.6 ‐77448 0 29.532081 ‐79927 ‐2615 80262 484 60.029 0.968984
19877.1 ‐77450 0 29.532081 ‐79910 ‐2804 80298 483.9 60.029 0.969215
19877.6 ‐77452 0 29.532902 ‐79971 ‐3003 80365 483.9 60.02 0.968501
19878.1 ‐77448 0 29.533107 ‐79998 ‐2473 80249 483.9 60.029 0.968124
19878.6 ‐77449 0 29.533312 ‐79954 ‐2728 80331 483.5 60.029 0.968669
19879.1 ‐77450 0 29.538586 ‐79908 ‐2813 80254 484 60.029 0.96924
19879.6 ‐77453 0 29.538586 ‐80020 ‐2650 80301 484.4 60.02 0.967921
19880.1 ‐77449 0 29.538586 ‐80024 ‐2535 80292 483.7 60.04 0.967822
19880.6 ‐77446 0 29.538586 ‐79990 ‐2803 80369 483.6 60.029 0.968196
19881.1 ‐77447 0 29.548845 ‐79936 ‐2738 80230 484.8 60.029 0.968863
19881.6 ‐77447 0 29.549665 ‐79969 ‐2569 80212 484.9 60.029 0.968463
19882.1 ‐77448 0 29.549665 ‐79962 ‐2658 80276 485.2 60.06 0.96856
19882.6 ‐77447 0 29.54987 ‐79982 ‐2853 80347 485.7 60.02 0.968305
19883.1 ‐77447 0 29.556231 ‐79976 ‐2713 80240 486.1 60.06 0.968378
19883.6 ‐77447 0 29.557462 ‐79947 ‐2545 80199 486.2 60.04 0.968729
19884.1 ‐77448 0 29.557667 ‐80002 ‐2804 80391 485.7 60.04 0.968076
19884.6 ‐77447 0 29.558077 ‐79941 ‐2824 80277 486.3 60.029 0.968802
19885.1 ‐77447 0 29.567721 ‐80009 ‐2655 80268 485.9 60.029 0.967979
19885.6 ‐77446 0 29.568131 ‐79957 ‐2646 80264 486.2 60.029 0.968596
19886.1 ‐77446 0 29.568131 ‐79994 ‐2810 80280 486.1 60.029 0.968148
19886.6 ‐77445 0 29.568541 ‐79958 ‐2779 80241 486.3 60.029 0.968571
19887.1 ‐77445 0 29.568746 ‐79967 ‐2522 80216 485.5 60.04 0.968462
19887.6 ‐77444 0 29.569567 ‐79976 ‐2751 80361 486 60.029 0.968341
19888.1 ‐77444 0 29.569772 ‐79990 ‐2864 80348 486.4 60.02 0.968171
19888.6 ‐77444 0 29.569977 ‐79969 ‐2692 80221 486.2 60.029 0.968425
19889.1 ‐77444 0 29.576133 ‐79970 ‐2572 80238 485.7 60.029 0.968413
19889.6 ‐77443 0 29.576543 ‐80003 ‐2800 80393 486.1 59.99 0.968001
19890.1 ‐77443 0 29.576543 ‐80007 ‐3050 80392 486.2 60.04 0.967953
19890.6 ‐77441 0 29.576543 ‐80003 ‐2617 80242 486.3 60.029 0.967976
19891.1 ‐77441 0 29.588648 ‐79979 ‐2630 80284 486.2 60.04 0.968267
19891.6 ‐77444 0 29.589674 ‐79999 ‐2826 80391 486.2 60.02 0.968062
19892.1 ‐77443 0 29.589674 ‐79965 ‐2749 80247 486.4 60.04 0.968461
19892.6 ‐77443 0 29.589879 ‐79952 ‐2513 80212 486.3 60.029 0.968619
19893.1 ‐77442 0 29.595009 ‐80008 ‐2724 80370 485.7 60.02 0.967928
19893.6 ‐77441 0 29.595829 ‐79957 ‐2835 80339 486.1 60.02 0.968533
19894.1 ‐77440 0 29.595829 ‐80000 ‐2688 80282 486.7 60.02 0.968
19894.6 ‐77440 0 29.596034 ‐79956 ‐2518 80249 486.5 60.029 0.968533
19895.1 ‐77439 0 29.605328 ‐80013 ‐2842 80417 486.3 60.029 0.96783
19895.6 ‐77437 0 29.606149 ‐79988 ‐2801 80317 486.4 60.06 0.968108
19896.1 ‐77435 0 29.606354 ‐79994 ‐2603 80249 486.7 60.02 0.96801
19896.6 ‐77435 0 29.606559 ‐79961 ‐2604 80277 486.7 60.06 0.96841
165
19897.1 ‐77434 0 29.606969 ‐79995 ‐2829 80390 486.5 60.029 0.967985
19897.6 ‐77433 0 29.60779 ‐79983 ‐2724 80258 487.3 60.02 0.968118
19898.1 ‐77433 0 29.60779 ‐79959 ‐2520 80234 486.7 60.04 0.968409
19898.6 ‐77433 0 29.60779 ‐80015 ‐2704 80420 486.6 60.029 0.967731
19899.1 ‐77431 0 29.615321 ‐79970 ‐2802 80347 486.6 60.029 0.968251
19899.6 ‐77431 0 29.615731 ‐79988 ‐2651 80270 486.7 60.029 0.968033
19900.1 ‐77429 0 29.615731 ‐79992 ‐2537 80285 486.9 60.029 0.967959
19900.6 ‐77428 0 29.615731 ‐80029 ‐2770 80424 487 60.029 0.967499
19901.1 ‐77426 0 29.626461 ‐80002 ‐2759 80305 486.8 60.02 0.967801
19901.6 ‐77425 0 29.627282 ‐79996 ‐2521 80241 486.8 60.029 0.967861
19902.1 ‐77424 0 29.627282 ‐79951 ‐2663 80313 486.8 60.02 0.968393
19902.6 ‐77423 0 29.627487 ‐80024 ‐2991 80374 486.4 60.04 0.967497
19903.1 ‐77422 0 29.634257 ‐79974 ‐2708 80234 486.4 60.02 0.96809
19903.6 ‐77421 0 29.635078 ‐79987 ‐2512 80267 486.3 60.029 0.96792
19904.1 ‐77421 0 29.635283 ‐79962 ‐2759 80361 486.6 60 0.968222
19904.6 ‐77420 0 29.635488 ‐79986 ‐2778 80338 486.3 60.029 0.967919
19905.1 ‐77420 0 29.64466 ‐79998 ‐2587 80251 486.5 60 0.967774
19905.6 ‐77418 0 29.645481 ‐80007 ‐2581 80291 486.4 60.02 0.96764
19906.1 ‐77417 0 29.645686 ‐80016 ‐2770 80402 486 60.029 0.967519
19906.6 ‐77416 0 29.645892 ‐80017 ‐2721 80280 486.2 59.99 0.967494
19907.1 ‐77415 0 29.646302 ‐79971 ‐2501 80243 486.1 60.02 0.968038
19907.6 ‐77414 0 29.646917 ‐79999 ‐2690 80358 485.5 60.029 0.967687
19908.1 ‐77414 0 29.646917 ‐79961 ‐2787 80341 485.8 60.02 0.968147
19908.6 ‐77413 0 29.647123 ‐79970 ‐2651 80245 486 60.029 0.968026
19909.1 ‐77413 0 29.654304 ‐79976 ‐2480 80246 486 60.02 0.967953
19909.6 ‐77413 0 29.654509 ‐79979 ‐2758 80387 485.2 59.99 0.967917
19910.1 ‐77413 0 29.654509 ‐79999 ‐2749 80318 485.4 60.02 0.967675
19910.6 ‐77412 0 29.654509 ‐79959 ‐2540 80230 485.5 60 0.968146
19911.1 ‐77411 0 29.664767 ‐79956 ‐2563 80274 485.4 60.02 0.96817
19911.6 ‐77411 0 29.665383 ‐79961 ‐2778 80351 485.4 60 0.968109
19912.1 ‐77411 0 29.665588 ‐79996 ‐2694 80283 485.1 60.02 0.967686
19912.6 ‐77410 0 29.665998 ‐79967 ‐2451 80224 485.7 60.02 0.968024
19913.1 ‐77410 0 29.672769 ‐79977 ‐2646 80352 485.2 60.02 0.967903
19913.6 ‐77410 0 29.674 ‐79978 ‐2755 80343 485.3 60 0.967891
19914.1 ‐77410 0 29.674205 ‐79960 ‐2612 80242 485.6 60.02 0.968109
19914.6 ‐77410 0 29.674205 ‐79973 ‐2504 80272 485.3 60.02 0.967952
19915.1 ‐77409 0 29.684464 ‐80009 ‐2728 80408 485.5 60.02 0.967504
19915.6 ‐77408 0 29.684874 ‐79991 ‐2719 80298 485 60 0.967709
19916.1 ‐77407 0 29.684874 ‐79961 ‐2504 80203 484.8 60.02 0.968059
19916.6 ‐77408 0 29.685285 ‐79974 ‐2547 80310 485.3 60.02 0.967915
19917.1 ‐77408 0 29.68549 ‐79959 ‐2786 80359 485 60.029 0.968096
19917.6 ‐77409 0 29.686311 ‐79948 ‐2655 80223 484.6 59.99 0.968242
19918.1 ‐77409 0 29.686516 ‐79962 ‐2443 80219 484.7 60.029 0.968072
19918.6 ‐77410 0 29.686721 ‐79999 ‐2670 80408 484.1 60.029 0.967637
19919.1 ‐77410 0 29.692876 ‐79948 ‐2732 80300 484.7 60 0.968254
19919.6 ‐77410 0 29.692876 ‐79966 ‐2544 80245 483.8 60 0.968036
19920.1 ‐77410 0 29.692876 ‐79926 ‐2477 80202 484.5 60.04 0.968521
19920.6 ‐77411 0 29.693081 ‐80005 ‐2740 80407 483.6 60.02 0.967577
19921.1 ‐77410 0 29.703135 ‐79956 ‐2663 80239 483.7 60.02 0.968157
19921.6 ‐77410 0 29.703956 ‐79952 ‐2446 80209 483.1 60 0.968206
19922.1 ‐77411 0 29.703956 ‐79913 ‐2539 80260 483.1 60.02 0.968691
19922.6 ‐77413 0 29.703956 ‐79953 ‐2696 80317 482.5 60.02 0.968231
19923.1 ‐77415 0 29.71005 ‐79950 ‐2553 80211 482.4 60.02 0.968293
19923.6 ‐77416 0 29.71087 ‐79905 ‐2381 80171 481.8 60.029 0.968851
19924.1 ‐77419 0 29.711076 ‐79978 ‐2650 80376 481.5 60.029 0.968004
19924.6 ‐77419 0 29.711486 ‐79923 ‐2657 80275 481.5 60.02 0.96867
19925.1 ‐77422 0 29.720924 ‐79936 ‐2459 80198 482 60.02 0.96855
19925.6 ‐77423 0 29.721745 ‐79961 ‐2425 80248 481.6 60.02 0.96826
19926.1 ‐77424 0 29.721745 ‐79960 ‐2691 80348 482.2 60.02 0.968284
19926.6 ‐77425 0 29.722155 ‐79958 ‐2613 80232 482.1 60.029 0.968321
19927.1 ‐77426 0 29.72236 ‐79947 ‐2400 80197 482.5 60.04 0.968467
19927.6 ‐77426 0 29.723181 ‐79952 ‐2571 80324 482.6 60 0.968406
19928.1 ‐77427 0 29.723386 ‐79952 ‐2727 80315 483.1 59.99 0.968419
19928.6 ‐77428 0 29.723386 ‐79958 ‐2580 80222 483.2 60.02 0.968358
19929.1 ‐77429 0 29.732475 ‐79942 ‐2412 80204 483.5 60.029 0.968565
19929.6 ‐77430 0 29.732885 ‐79975 ‐2707 80381 483.4 60.029 0.968178
19930.1 ‐77430 0 29.732885 ‐79996 ‐3228 80406 483.3 60 0.967923
19930.6 ‐77430 0 29.732885 ‐79952 ‐2464 80204 483.3 60 0.968456
19931.1 ‐77431 0 29.741092 ‐79961 ‐2486 80274 482.7 60.029 0.96836
19931.6 ‐77431 0 29.741913 ‐79952 ‐2680 80326 482.9 60.029 0.968469
19932.1 ‐77432 0 29.742323 ‐79970 ‐2604 80226 482.6 60.02 0.968263
19932.6 ‐77433 0 29.742528 ‐79935 ‐2409 80189 482.1 60.02 0.9687
19933.1 ‐77435 0 29.749216 ‐79945 ‐2553 80322 482 60.04 0.968603
19933.6 ‐77437 0 29.750242 ‐79933 ‐2667 80296 481.9 60.04 0.968774
19934.1 ‐77438 0 29.750447 ‐79914 ‐2515 80177 481.8 60 0.969017
19934.6 ‐77442 0 29.750857 ‐79927 ‐2392 80195 481.5 60.029 0.968909
19935.1 ‐77443 0 29.761526 ‐79956 ‐2645 80339 481.4 60.02 0.96857
19935.6 ‐77444 0 29.762142 ‐79951 ‐2629 80237 481.7 60.04 0.968643
19936.1 ‐77445 0 29.762142 ‐79914 ‐2418 80160 481.5 59.99 0.969104
19936.6 ‐77447 0 29.762552 ‐79939 ‐2472 80246 481 60.04 0.968826
19937.1 ‐77449 0 29.762757 ‐79927 ‐2647 80301 481.2 60.029 0.968997
19937.6 ‐77450 0 29.763578 ‐79928 ‐2565 80187 481 60.04 0.968997
166
19938.1 ‐77452 0 29.763578 ‐79974 ‐2340 80222 481.2 60.02 0.968465
19938.6 ‐77451 0 29.763578 ‐80028 ‐2561 80395 480.9 60.029 0.967799
19939.1 ‐77447 0 29.769467 ‐79976 ‐2656 80309 481 60 0.968378
19939.6 ‐77449 0 29.769467 ‐79944 ‐2492 80207 481.6 60.029 0.968791
19940.1 ‐77450 0 29.769467 ‐79911 ‐2353 80177 481.1 60.02 0.969203
19940.6 ‐77452 0 29.769467 ‐80028 ‐2629 80416 481.2 60.029 0.967811
19941.1 ‐77448 0 29.779931 ‐80001 ‐2604 80293 481.2 60.02 0.968088
19941.6 ‐77448 0 29.780957 ‐79939 ‐2381 80192 481.2 60.04 0.968839
19942.1 ‐77450 0 29.781162 ‐79908 ‐2502 80240 481.4 60.02 0.96924
19942.6 ‐77452 0 29.781572 ‐80028 ‐2680 80412 481 60.02 0.967811
19943.1 ‐77449 0 29.790189 ‐80009 ‐2544 80277 481.3 60.029 0.968004
19943.6 ‐77448 0 29.79101 ‐79914 ‐2339 80168 481.3 60.02 0.969142
19944.1 ‐77452 0 29.791215 ‐79924 ‐2587 80330 480.7 60.02 0.969071
19944.6 ‐77452 0 29.79142 ‐80007 ‐2631 80338 480.4 60.029 0.968065
19945.1 ‐77450 0 29.801208 ‐80041 ‐2413 80310 480.5 60.04 0.967629
19945.6 ‐77448 0 29.802234 ‐79876 ‐2375 80155 479.6 60.02 0.969603
19946.1 ‐77451 0 29.802234 ‐79964 ‐2624 80328 479.3 60 0.968573
19946.6 ‐77452 0 29.802234 ‐79987 ‐2534 80268 478.8 60.02 0.968307
19947.1 ‐77450 0 29.802644 ‐80019 ‐2313 80270 478.8 60 0.967895
19947.6 ‐77449 0 29.803054 ‐79924 ‐2483 80283 478.3 60.02 0.969033
19948.1 ‐77453 0 29.803054 ‐79981 ‐2608 80348 478.7 60.04 0.968392
19948.6 ‐77451 0 29.803259 ‐80002 ‐2451 80282 477.6 60.02 0.968113
19949.1 ‐77449 0 29.808245 ‐80005 ‐2310 80283 478.7 60 0.968052
19949.6 ‐77449 0 29.808245 ‐79924 ‐2558 80318 478 60.029 0.969033
19950.1 ‐77451 0 29.808245 ‐79982 ‐2557 80308 477.6 60.029 0.968355
19950.6 ‐77450 0 29.80845 ‐80018 ‐2339 80262 478 60 0.967907
19951.1 ‐77448 0 29.820084 ‐79920 ‐2360 80224 477.5 60.029 0.969069
19951.6 ‐77450 0 29.820904 ‐79947 ‐2592 80322 477.8 59.99 0.968767
19952.1 ‐77451 0 29.821109 ‐79967 ‐2518 80238 478 60.029 0.968537
19952.6 ‐77450 0 29.821315 ‐80029 ‐2300 80291 477.1 60.02 0.967774
19953.1 ‐77448 0 29.827059 ‐79916 ‐2483 80262 477.9 60.029 0.969118
19953.6 ‐77451 0 29.82788 ‐79927 ‐2574 80283 477.6 59.99 0.969022
19954.1 ‐77453 0 29.828085 ‐79992 ‐2410 80258 478 60 0.968259
19954.6 ‐77451 0 29.828291 ‐80030 ‐2283 80309 477.4 60.029 0.967775
19955.1 ‐77448 0 29.837523 ‐79987 ‐2577 80353 477.3 60.029 0.968257
19955.6 ‐77450 0 29.838754 ‐79915 ‐2537 80202 477.5 60 0.969155
19956.1 ‐77452 0 29.838754 ‐79984 ‐2322 80236 477.7 60 0.968344
19956.6 ‐77450 0 29.839165 ‐79994 ‐2425 80328 478.3 60.029 0.968198
19957.1 ‐77449 0 29.83937 ‐79943 ‐2621 80306 478.2 59.99 0.968803
19957.5 ‐77451 0 29.839985 ‐79918 ‐2510 80194 477.6 60.02 0.969131
19957.5 ‐77451 0 29.839985 ‐79918 ‐2510 80194 477.6 60.02 0.969131
19958.0 ‐77452 0 29.840191 ‐80046 ‐4177 80469 478.1 60.02 0.967594
19958.5 ‐77450 0 29.840191 ‐80062 ‐3017 80327 478 60.02 0.967375
19959.0 ‐77448 0 29.847782 ‐80001 ‐3932 80305 478.5 60.029 0.968088
19959.5 ‐77450 0 29.847721 ‐79950 ‐3243 80327 477.8 60.02 0.96873
19960.0 ‐77453 0 29.847721 ‐79942 ‐3022 80236 477.8 60.02 0.968865
19960.5 ‐77451 0 29.847926 ‐80035 ‐3033 80324 477.8 60.02 0.967714
19961.0 ‐77448 0 29.857774 ‐80088 ‐3980 80412 477.9 60 0.967036
19961.5 ‐77449 0 29.858595 ‐79954 ‐3182 80258 477.6 60.02 0.968669
19962.0 ‐77452 0 29.859005 ‐79960 ‐2959 80238 476.5 60 0.968634
19962.5 ‐72164 0 29.85921 ‐76706 ‐3333 76620 477.7 60 0.940787
19963.0 ‐72152 0 29.865099 ‐74492 ‐3408 74895 479.1 59.99 0.968587
19963.5 ‐72177 0 29.86592 ‐74551 ‐4255 75031 479 60 0.968156
19964.0 ‐72199 0 29.866125 ‐74577 ‐3093 74885 479.1 60.02 0.968113
19964.5 ‐72220 0 29.866535 ‐74586 ‐3351 75027 479.2 60 0.968278
19965.0 ‐72241 0 29.877676 ‐74571 ‐3360 74943 478.4 59.99 0.968755
19965.5 ‐72262 0 29.878291 ‐74582 ‐3041 74866 478.8 60.02 0.968893
19966.0 ‐72279 0 29.878702 ‐74688 ‐3170 75001 478.6 60.02 0.967746
19966.5 ‐72295 0 29.878907 ‐74679 ‐3404 75092 479.1 59.99 0.968077
19967.0 ‐72311 0 29.878907 ‐74677 ‐3311 74979 478.6 60.029 0.968317
19967.5 ‐72331 0 29.879523 ‐74667 ‐3098 74951 478.7 60.029 0.968714
19968.0 ‐72347 0 29.879523 ‐74689 ‐3287 75078 478.1 60.02 0.968643
19968.5 ‐72362 0 29.879728 ‐74705 ‐3407 75118 478.7 60 0.968637
19969.0 ‐72374 0 29.886149 ‐74797 ‐3208 75106 479 60.029 0.967606
19969.5 ‐72384 0 29.886149 ‐74772 ‐3070 75071 478.9 60.06 0.968063
19970.0 ‐72395 0 29.886355 ‐74814 ‐3369 75241 477.8 60.029 0.967666
19970.5 ‐72405 0 29.886355 ‐74792 ‐3370 75130 478.6 60.029 0.968085
19971.0 ‐72415 0 29.895854 ‐74782 ‐3050 75055 478 60.029 0.968348
19971.5 ‐72426 0 29.896675 ‐74772 ‐3193 75144 478.9 60.029 0.968625
19972.0 ‐72435 0 29.897085 ‐74805 ‐3351 75189 478.5 60.02 0.968318
19972.5 ‐72449 0 29.89729 ‐74800 ‐4317 75268 479.2 59.99 0.96857
19973.0 ‐72459 0 29.90365 ‐74790 ‐3030 75081 478.9 60 0.968833
19973.5 ‐72467 0 29.904266 ‐74915 ‐3388 75314 479.1 60 0.967323
19974.0 ‐72472 0 29.904676 ‐74924 ‐4229 75398 479.4 60.029 0.967274
19974.5 ‐72478 0 29.904881 ‐74889 ‐3271 75198 479.1 60.029 0.967806
19975.0 ‐72484 0 29.913355 ‐74855 ‐3140 75156 479.4 60.02 0.968325
19975.5 ‐72489 0 29.913765 ‐74917 ‐3440 75319 479.1 60.02 0.967591
19976.0 ‐72494 0 29.914176 ‐74897 ‐3318 75191 479.8 60.04 0.967916
19976.5 ‐72499 0 29.914381 ‐74924 ‐4218 75310 479.9 60.029 0.967634
19977.0 ‐72503 0 29.914791 ‐74874 ‐3277 75232 480.3 60 0.968333
19977.5 ‐72510 0 29.915407 ‐74900 ‐3450 75308 480 60.02 0.968091
19978.0 ‐72516 0 29.915612 ‐74875 ‐3318 75169 480 60.02 0.968494
167
19978.5 ‐72521 0 29.915817 ‐74871 ‐3201 75163 480.8 60.029 0.968613
19979.0 ‐72527 0 29.922177 ‐74909 ‐3408 75336 480.7 60.029 0.968201
19979.5 ‐72532 0 29.922177 ‐74903 ‐3478 75286 480.6 60.02 0.968346
19980.0 ‐72537 0 29.922383 ‐74897 ‐3180 75169 480.7 60 0.96849
19980.5 ‐72542 0 29.922588 ‐74880 ‐3248 75186 480.6 60 0.968777
19981.0 ‐72549 0 29.931759 ‐74891 ‐3481 75315 480.8 60.02 0.968728
19981.5 ‐72554 0 29.93217 ‐74920 ‐3321 75241 480.5 60.02 0.96842
19982.0 ‐72555 0 29.932375 ‐74999 ‐3280 75288 480.6 60.029 0.967413
19982.5 ‐72555 0 29.932375 ‐74952 ‐3401 75339 480.1 60.029 0.96802
19983.0 ‐72557 0 29.939494 ‐75018 ‐3475 75415 481.1 60.02 0.967195
19983.5 ‐72556 0 29.940315 ‐74970 ‐3309 75263 480.4 60.02 0.9678
19984.0 ‐72557 0 29.940931 ‐74988 ‐3148 75284 480.9 60.04 0.967581
19984.5 ‐72558 0 29.941136 ‐74956 ‐3484 75382 480.8 60.04 0.968008
19985.0 ‐72559 0 29.949958 ‐75002 ‐3479 75390 480.8 60.02 0.967428
19985.5 ‐72560 0 29.950635 ‐74983 ‐3245 75260 480.3 60 0.967686
19986.0 ‐72560 0 29.951251 ‐75000 ‐3259 75330 480.5 60.02 0.967467
19986.5 ‐72561 0 29.951661 ‐74983 ‐3556 75395 480.9 60 0.967699
19987.0 ‐72561 0 29.951866 ‐75011 ‐3376 75297 481.4 60 0.967338
19987.5 ‐72562 0 29.952482 ‐74965 ‐3242 75251 480.5 60.029 0.967945
19988.0 ‐72563 0 29.952687 ‐74991 ‐3418 75391 480.9 60.02 0.967623
19988.5 ‐72564 0 29.952892 ‐75014 ‐3619 75408 480.7 60.02 0.967339
19989.0 ‐72564 0 29.958432 ‐74974 ‐3359 75276 480.6 60.02 0.967856
19989.5 ‐72566 0 29.958637 ‐74963 ‐3291 75272 481 60.029 0.968024
19990.0 ‐72565 0 29.958637 ‐75036 ‐3515 75462 480.9 60.029 0.967069
19990.5 ‐72565 0 29.958637 ‐75010 ‐3594 75362 481.1 60 0.967404
19991.0 ‐72565 0 29.967808 ‐75005 ‐3291 75281 481 60.02 0.967469
19991.5 ‐72565 0 29.968424 ‐74982 ‐3320 75356 481.4 60.02 0.967766
19992.0 ‐72566 0 29.968629 ‐74999 ‐3622 75419 481.2 60 0.96756
19992.5 ‐72566 0 29.968834 ‐75012 ‐3430 75324 481.5 60.029 0.967392
19993.0 ‐72566 0 29.974784 ‐74956 ‐3185 75239 481.3 60.029 0.968115
19993.5 ‐72567 0 29.9754 ‐75012 ‐3558 75428 481.4 60.029 0.967405
19994.0 ‐72566 0 29.976015 ‐74982 ‐3565 75379 481.4 60.02 0.967779
19994.5 ‐72567 0 29.97622 ‐74968 ‐3377 75276 481.3 60.029 0.967973
19995.0 ‐72567 0 29.985248 ‐74962 ‐3233 75267 481.5 60.029 0.96805
19995.5 ‐72568 0 29.985658 ‐75017 ‐3584 75443 481 60.02 0.967354
19996.0 ‐72568 0 29.985864 ‐75001 ‐3529 75334 481.5 60 0.96756
19996.5 ‐72568 0 29.986274 ‐74973 ‐3207 75257 481 60.02 0.967922
19997.0 ‐72569 0 29.986479 ‐74974 ‐3448 75333 480.9 60.02 0.967922
19997.5 ‐72570 0 29.987095 ‐75039 ‐3623 75444 481.4 60 0.967097
19998.0 ‐72570 0 29.9873 ‐74984 ‐3489 75305 481 60.029 0.967806
19998.5 ‐72570 0 29.9873 ‐74975 ‐3260 75266 480.6 60 0.967923
19999.0 ‐72571 0 29.994624 ‐74983 ‐3529 75425 481 60.02 0.967833
19999.5 ‐72571 0 29.994624 ‐74973 ‐3542 75347 480.7 60.029 0.967962
20000.0 ‐72572 0 29.994624 ‐74987 ‐3291 75279 480.8 60.029 0.967794
20000.5 ‐72573 0 29.994624 ‐74945 ‐3325 75258 480.5 60.02 0.96835
20001.0 ‐72574 0 30.003857 ‐75017 ‐3531 75434 480.8 59.97 0.967434
20001.5 ‐72574 0 30.004883 ‐74973 ‐3431 75306 480.6 59.99 0.968002
20002.0 ‐72575 0 30.005088 ‐74992 ‐3203 75262 480.5 60.029 0.96777
20002.5 ‐72576 0 30.005293 ‐74974 ‐3463 75370 480.5 60.02 0.968016
20003.0 ‐72577 0 30.011038 ‐74978 ‐3645 75388 480.4 60.029 0.967977
20003.5 ‐72578 0 30.011859 ‐74948 ‐3470 75255 480.7 59.99 0.968378
20004.0 ‐72580 0 30.012269 ‐74988 ‐3350 75283 480.3 59.99 0.967888
20004.5 ‐72581 0 30.012475 ‐74987 ‐3589 75405 480.2 60 0.967914
20005.0 ‐72582 0 30.021564 ‐74986 ‐3541 75358 480.6 60.02 0.967941
20005.5 ‐72583 0 30.021769 ‐74982 ‐3303 75264 480.1 60 0.968006
20006.0 ‐72583 0 30.021974 ‐74991 ‐3343 75327 480.9 60.04 0.967889
20006.5 ‐72584 0 30.021974 ‐74999 ‐3636 75419 480.1 60 0.9678
20007.0 ‐72584 0 30.022384 ‐74997 ‐3526 75324 480.2 60.02 0.967825
20007.5 ‐72585 0 30.023 ‐74970 ‐3280 75241 480.7 60.02 0.968187
20008.0 ‐72586 0 30.023205 ‐74992 ‐3563 75384 480.1 59.99 0.967917
20008.5 ‐72587 0 30.023205 ‐74977 ‐3702 75383 480.4 60.029 0.968124
20009.0 ‐72588 0 30.030797 ‐74963 ‐3401 75274 480 60 0.968318
20009.5 ‐72588 0 30.031207 ‐74965 ‐3371 75282 481.8 60.029 0.968292
20010.0 ‐72589 0 30.031207 ‐74991 ‐3564 75405 482 59.99 0.967969
20010.5 ‐72590 0 30.031412 ‐74993 ‐3632 75328 482.1 60 0.967957
20011.0 ‐72591 0 30.04044 ‐74973 ‐3371 75264 482 60.06 0.968229
20011.5 ‐72592 0 30.041055 ‐74977 ‐3522 75340 481.8 60.02 0.96819
20012.0 ‐72595 0 30.041055 ‐74875 ‐3733 75309 482 60 0.969549
20012.5 ‐72597 0 30.041466 ‐74988 ‐3530 75279 480.6 60.02 0.968115
20013.0 ‐72599 0 30.04721 ‐74965 ‐3312 75256 480.6 60.02 0.968439
20013.5 ‐72599 0 30.048031 ‐75010 ‐3568 75429 480.6 60.02 0.967858
20014.0 ‐72601 0 30.048236 ‐74966 ‐3583 75377 480.4 60.02 0.968452
20014.5 ‐72601 0 30.048236 ‐74999 ‐3418 75290 480.4 59.99 0.968026
20015.0 ‐72602 0 30.058762 ‐74974 ‐3327 75288 480.4 60.04 0.968362
20015.5 ‐72601 0 30.059788 ‐75029 ‐3653 75452 480.7 60.029 0.967639
20016.0 ‐72602 0 30.059788 ‐74968 ‐3703 75301 480.3 60.06 0.96844
20016.5 ‐72603 0 30.060198 ‐75024 ‐3348 75301 479.7 60 0.96773
20017.0 ‐72603 0 30.060403 ‐74977 ‐3499 75373 480.4 60.029 0.968337
20017.5 ‐72604 0 30.061019 ‐75002 ‐3714 75399 480.8 60.02 0.968028
20018.0 ‐72604 0 30.061224 ‐75018 ‐3552 75337 480.4 60.02 0.967821
20018.5 ‐72605 0 30.061429 ‐74963 ‐3431 75256 480.5 60 0.968544
20019.0 ‐72606 0 30.067236 ‐75044 ‐3580 75485 480.4 60.02 0.967512
168
20019.5 ‐72607 0 30.067441 ‐74963 ‐3700 75365 481.6 60 0.968571
20020.0 ‐72607 0 30.067441 ‐75019 ‐3493 75320 481 60.02 0.967848
20020.5 ‐72607 0 30.067646 ‐74991 ‐3446 75314 481.5 60.029 0.96821
20021.0 ‐72607 0 30.076325 ‐75027 ‐3722 75459 481.7 60 0.967745
20021.5 ‐72606 0 30.07694 ‐75016 ‐3663 75342 481.4 60.029 0.967874
20022.0 ‐72607 0 30.077146 ‐75000 ‐3413 75299 482 60.04 0.968093
20022.5 ‐72606 0 30.077556 ‐75001 ‐3592 75393 482.1 60.02 0.968067
20023.1 ‐72605 0 30.084737 ‐75048 ‐3762 75443 483.2 60.02 0.967448
20023.6 ‐72604 0 30.085968 ‐75019 ‐3727 75335 483.1 60.06 0.967808
20024.1 ‐72603 0 30.085968 ‐75026 ‐3506 75339 483.9 60.029 0.967705
20024.6 ‐72602 0 30.085968 ‐75035 ‐3794 75486 484.4 60.04 0.967575
20025.1 ‐72601 0 30.094872 ‐75031 ‐3696 75393 485.5 60.029 0.967613
20025.6 ‐72599 0 30.095693 ‐75055 ‐3472 75327 485.8 60.029 0.967277
20026.1 ‐72595 0 30.095898 ‐75052 ‐3603 75408 486.5 60.06 0.967263
20026.6 ‐72593 0 30.095898 ‐75048 ‐3871 75471 486.7 60.04 0.967288
20027.1 ‐72591 0 30.096103 ‐75045 ‐3728 75368 486.5 60.06 0.9673
20027.6 ‐72588 0 30.096719 ‐75048 ‐3625 75342 487.2 60.06 0.967221
20028.1 ‐72585 0 30.096924 ‐75081 ‐3807 75495 486.8 60.02 0.966756
20028.6 ‐72583 0 30.097129 ‐75033 ‐3891 75444 487.3 60.029 0.967348
20029.1 ‐72581 0 30.102812 ‐75058 ‐3691 75371 486.8 60.06 0.966999
20029.6 ‐72579 0 30.102812 ‐75026 ‐3607 75334 486.8 60.06 0.967385
20030.1 ‐72576 0 30.102812 ‐75081 ‐3833 75498 486.9 60.04 0.966636
20030.6 ‐72575 0 30.103017 ‐75030 ‐3870 75384 487.3 60.06 0.96728
20031.1 ‐72572 0 30.1134 ‐75060 ‐3702 75348 487.1 60.029 0.966853
20031.6 ‐72570 0 30.114631 ‐75038 ‐3678 75408 487.2 60.06 0.96711
20032.1 ‐72566 0 30.114836 ‐75096 ‐3959 75503 487.1 60 0.96631
20032.6 ‐72563 0 30.114836 ‐75038 ‐3808 75347 486.8 60.04 0.967017
20033.1 ‐72561 0 30.120314 ‐75048 ‐3571 75340 486.7 60.06 0.966861
20033.6 ‐72558 0 30.120519 ‐75069 ‐3846 75495 486.8 60 0.966551
20034.1 ‐72556 0 30.120519 ‐75060 ‐3950 75446 486.4 60.06 0.96664
20034.6 ‐72554 0 30.120929 ‐75044 ‐3682 75341 486.7 60.029 0.966819
20035.1 ‐72552 0 30.129895 ‐75035 ‐3608 75336 486.4 60.04 0.966909
20035.6 ‐72550 0 30.131126 ‐75089 ‐3875 75505 486.6 60.02 0.966187
20036.1 ‐72548 0 30.131126 ‐75003 ‐3563 75299 486.7 60.02 0.967268
20036.6 ‐72551 0 30.131331 ‐74934 ‐3586 75212 486.8 60.04 0.968199
20037.1 ‐72551 0 30.131537 ‐75038 ‐3778 75418 486.7 60.04 0.966857
20037.6 ‐72549 0 30.132152 ‐75038 ‐3921 75452 486.9 59.99 0.96683
20038.1 ‐72548 0 30.132357 ‐75003 ‐3879 75284 486.3 60 0.967268
20038.6 ‐72551 0 30.132562 ‐74933 ‐3605 75224 487 60 0.968212
20039.1 ‐72552 0 30.139743 ‐75046 ‐3822 75484 486.1 59.99 0.966767
20039.6 ‐72550 0 30.139743 ‐75041 ‐3898 75433 486.4 60 0.966805
20040.1 ‐72548 0 30.139743 ‐75051 ‐3729 75332 486.4 60 0.966649
20040.6 ‐72549 0 30.139743 ‐74948 ‐3680 75279 486.4 60 0.967991
20041.1 ‐72551 0 30.148566 ‐74971 ‐3923 75394 486.7 60 0.967721
20041.6 ‐72550 0 30.148976 ‐75058 ‐3816 75386 486.4 60.02 0.966586
20042.1 ‐72547 0 30.148976 ‐75055 ‐3639 75332 486.6 60 0.966585
20042.6 ‐72548 0 30.149387 ‐74941 ‐3819 75343 486.8 60 0.968068
20043.1 ‐72552 0 30.156978 ‐74927 ‐3980 75330 486.8 59.99 0.968302
20043.6 ‐72552 0 30.157799 ‐75052 ‐3811 75381 486.6 60 0.96669
20044.1 ‐72550 0 30.157799 ‐75027 ‐3518 75327 486.4 60 0.966985
20044.6 ‐72548 0 30.158209 ‐75075 ‐3946 75518 486.1 59.99 0.96634
20045.1 ‐72549 0 30.168057 ‐74945 ‐3927 75299 486.7 59.97 0.96803
20045.6 ‐72551 0 30.168468 ‐74992 ‐3693 75294 486.5 60.02 0.96745
20046.1 ‐72550 0 30.168673 ‐75030 ‐3710 75390 486.8 60.02 0.966947
20046.6 ‐72547 0 30.168673 ‐75061 ‐3999 75467 486.5 59.99 0.966507
20047.1 ‐72551 0 30.168673 ‐74948 ‐3825 75248 487.3 60.02 0.968018
20047.6 ‐72551 0 30.169494 ‐75030 ‐3637 75323 486.9 60.029 0.96696
20048.1 ‐72550 0 30.169494 ‐75058 ‐3808 75460 486.8 59.99 0.966586
20048.5 ‐72549 0 30.169699 ‐75019 ‐4051 75427 486.9 60 0.967075
20048.5 ‐72549 0 30.169699 ‐75019 ‐4051 75427 486.9 60 0.967075
20049.0 ‐72549 0 30.175792 ‐74971 ‐3884 75279 486.5 60.02 0.967694
20049.5 ‐72551 0 30.175792 ‐74956 ‐3711 75277 487.4 60.02 0.967915
20050.0 ‐72551 0 30.175792 ‐75070 ‐3949 75515 487.1 60.029 0.966445
20050.5 ‐72548 0 30.175997 ‐75053 ‐3994 75404 487 60.04 0.966624
20051.0 ‐72548 0 30.185292 ‐74954 ‐3719 75223 487.6 60.029 0.9679
20051.5 ‐72551 0 30.185907 ‐74929 ‐3832 75323 487.4 59.97 0.968263
20052.0 ‐93695 0 30.186523 ‐89654 ‐3360 91436 487.6 60 1.045073
20052.5 ‐93719 0 30.186728 ‐96783 ‐3611 97042 481 60.029 0.968342
20053.0 ‐93628 0 30.192678 ‐96793 ‐3337 96984 481.2 60.029 0.967301
20053.5 ‐93542 0 30.193294 ‐96695 ‐3671 97024 481.1 59.97 0.967392
20054.0 ‐93459 0 30.193909 ‐96570 ‐3644 96892 481.4 60.02 0.967785
20054.5 ‐93381 0 30.193909 ‐96528 ‐3466 96752 481.2 60.02 0.967398
20055.0 ‐93307 0 30.203963 ‐96499 ‐3492 96740 480.9 59.97 0.966922
20055.5 ‐93236 0 30.204373 ‐96430 ‐3696 96790 481.6 60 0.966878
20056.0 ‐93166 0 30.204783 ‐96283 ‐3632 96553 482 60.029 0.967627
20056.5 ‐93101 0 30.205194 ‐96285 ‐3504 96508 481.3 59.97 0.966932
20057.0 ‐93028 0 30.205604 ‐96196 ‐3574 96514 481.2 60 0.967067
20057.5 ‐92971 0 30.20663 ‐96111 ‐3720 96413 482.3 60.029 0.967329
20058.0 ‐92918 0 30.206835 ‐96072 ‐3592 96311 481.7 59.99 0.96717
20058.5 ‐92867 0 30.206835 ‐95980 ‐3446 96207 481.7 60.029 0.967566
20059.0 ‐92820 0 30.213463 ‐95969 ‐3709 96316 481.9 59.99 0.967187
20059.5 ‐92775 0 30.213463 ‐95884 ‐3593 96172 482 60 0.967575
169
20060.0 ‐92732 0 30.213463 ‐95898 ‐3508 96137 481.9 60.029 0.966986
20060.5 ‐92690 0 30.213463 ‐95771 ‐3513 96037 481.6 60 0.96783
20061.0 ‐92652 0 30.226245 ‐95807 ‐3791 96140 481.2 59.97 0.967069
20061.5 ‐92614 0 30.226656 ‐95733 ‐3754 95994 482.1 60.04 0.96742
20062.0 ‐92573 0 30.227271 ‐95688 ‐3449 95917 481.7 60 0.967446
20062.5 ‐92540 0 30.227682 ‐95642 ‐3634 95969 482.1 60.04 0.967567
20063.0 ‐92509 0 30.236299 ‐95595 ‐3773 95927 481.9 59.99 0.967718
20063.5 ‐92481 0 30.237325 ‐95552 ‐3540 95798 481.9 60 0.96786
20064.0 ‐92454 0 30.237735 ‐95585 ‐3492 95836 481.8 60.04 0.967244
20064.5 ‐92426 0 30.238146 ‐95499 ‐3704 95863 481.7 60.04 0.967822
20065.0 ‐92403 0 30.250046 ‐95479 ‐3821 95780 482.2 60.04 0.967783
20065.5 ‐92381 0 30.250866 ‐95462 ‐3414 95697 481.6 60 0.967725
20066.0 ‐92358 0 30.250866 ‐95507 ‐3569 95780 481.9 60.029 0.967029
20066.5 ‐92335 0 30.251072 ‐95484 ‐3822 95832 481.9 60.029 0.967021
20067.0 ‐92310 0 30.251277 ‐95336 ‐3799 95597 481.8 60 0.96826
20067.5 ‐92294 0 30.251892 ‐95367 ‐3514 95610 481.4 60 0.967777
20068.0 ‐92276 0 30.252097 ‐95357 ‐3673 95699 481.9 60.04 0.96769
20068.5 ‐92259 0 30.252303 ‐95377 ‐3832 95717 481.9 60.029 0.967309
20069.0 ‐92242 0 30.259011 ‐95332 ‐3577 95600 481.4 60.04 0.967587
20069.5 ‐92228 0 30.259011 ‐95264 ‐3481 95524 481.6 60.04 0.968131
20070.0 ‐92216 0 30.259216 ‐95260 ‐3707 95609 482 60.029 0.968045
20070.5 ‐92203 0 30.259216 ‐95299 ‐3759 95581 481.8 60.029 0.967513
20071.0 ‐92190 0 30.271322 ‐95246 ‐3488 95461 481.7 60 0.967915
20071.5 ‐92178 0 30.271937 ‐95286 ‐3576 95591 481.4 60.029 0.967382
20072.0 ‐92163 0 30.272553 ‐95261 ‐3864 95603 481.7 60.04 0.967479
20072.5 ‐92151 0 30.272963 ‐95247 ‐3363 95496 481.8 60 0.967495
20073.0 ‐92139 0 30.282749 ‐95170 ‐3602 95414 481.5 60.04 0.968152
20073.5 ‐92132 0 30.283775 ‐95147 ‐3745 95501 482 60.02 0.968312
20074.0 ‐92126 0 30.28398 ‐95146 ‐3855 95475 481.3 60.029 0.968259
20074.5 ‐92119 0 30.28398 ‐95166 ‐3552 95415 482.2 59.99 0.967982
20075.0 ‐92112 0 30.295675 ‐95144 ‐3556 95413 481.3 60 0.968133
20075.5 ‐92105 0 30.296291 ‐95204 ‐3797 95563 481.6 60.02 0.967449
20076.0 ‐92097 0 30.297111 ‐95159 ‐3674 95426 481.8 60 0.967822
20076.5 ‐92089 0 30.297317 ‐95166 ‐3448 95390 481.6 60.029 0.967667
20077.0 ‐92080 0 30.297522 ‐95160 ‐3663 95491 481.9 60.029 0.967633
20077.5 ‐92073 0 30.298342 ‐95166 ‐3847 95524 481.7 60.02 0.967499
20078.0 ‐92065 0 30.298548 ‐95175 ‐3637 95419 481.2 59.99 0.967323
20078.5 ‐92058 0 30.298753 ‐95137 ‐3607 95380 481.7 59.99 0.967636
20079.0 ‐92051 0 30.306344 ‐95167 ‐3791 95536 481.8 59.97 0.967258
20079.5 ‐92044 0 30.306344 ‐95094 ‐3788 95421 481.9 59.97 0.967926
20080.0 ‐92041 0 30.306344 ‐95071 ‐3668 95308 481.7 59.99 0.968129
20080.5 ‐92039 0 30.306344 ‐95032 ‐3610 95304 482.2 59.99 0.968505
20081.0 ‐92037 0 30.318039 ‐95068 ‐3855 95440 482.1 59.97 0.968118
20081.5 ‐92035 0 30.318655 ‐95053 ‐3772 95332 481.3 60 0.968249
20082.0 ‐92032 0 30.319065 ‐95050 ‐3627 95292 482 59.99 0.968248
20082.5 ‐92031 0 30.31927 ‐95047 ‐3733 95400 481.7 59.99 0.968268
20083.0 ‐92029 0 30.327682 ‐95048 ‐3956 95385 481.7 60.02 0.968237
20083.5 ‐92029 0 30.328298 ‐95085 ‐3714 95348 481.5 60 0.96786
20084.0 ‐92026 0 30.328913 ‐95047 ‐3637 95306 481.5 59.97 0.968216
20084.5 ‐92025 0 30.329324 ‐95052 ‐3856 95419 481.7 59.97 0.968154
20085.0 ‐92022 0 30.342455 ‐95076 ‐3807 95368 482.1 60 0.967878
20085.5 ‐92020 0 30.343275 ‐95069 ‐3649 95330 481.7 60.02 0.967929
20086.0 ‐92019 0 30.343686 ‐95036 ‐3641 95325 481.6 60.02 0.968254
20086.5 ‐92017 0 30.344096 ‐95086 ‐3853 95439 482 59.97 0.967724
20087.0 ‐92014 0 30.344506 ‐95019 ‐3893 95296 481.9 60.02 0.968375
20087.5 ‐92012 0 30.345122 ‐95073 ‐3679 95314 482 59.99 0.967804
20088.0 ‐92011 0 30.345327 ‐95049 ‐3774 95411 481.5 59.97 0.968038
20088.5 ‐92008 0 30.345532 ‐95074 ‐3805 95402 482.3 60.029 0.967751
20089.0 ‐92006 0 30.352303 ‐95079 ‐3806 95345 481.6 60 0.96768
20089.5 ‐92003 0 30.352303 ‐95050 ‐3642 95323 482 60.02 0.967943
20090.0 ‐92001 0 30.352303 ‐95087 ‐3903 95458 482.5 60.029 0.967546
20090.5 ‐91999 0 30.352303 ‐95050 ‐3948 95354 481.6 60 0.967901
20091.0 ‐91996 0 30.364676 ‐95090 ‐3658 95313 481.7 60.02 0.967462
20091.5 ‐91995 0 30.365907 ‐95050 ‐3660 95381 482.1 60.02 0.967859
20092.0 ‐91993 0 30.365907 ‐95066 ‐3875 95438 481.8 59.959 0.967675
20092.5 ‐91991 0 30.366112 ‐95037 ‐3841 95311 481.8 60.02 0.967949
20093.0 ‐91990 0 30.373971 ‐95061 ‐3690 95307 481.4 59.99 0.967694
20093.5 ‐91989 0 30.375202 ‐95017 ‐3899 95388 482.1 60.029 0.968132
20094.0 ‐91987 0 30.375407 ‐95077 ‐3915 95433 481.9 60.02 0.9675
20094.5 ‐91987 0 30.375817 ‐95032 ‐3741 95312 481.3 60.02 0.967958
20095.0 ‐91985 0 30.388538 ‐95044 ‐3702 95308 481.4 59.97 0.967815
20095.5 ‐91984 0 30.389359 ‐95084 ‐3904 95442 481.8 60 0.967397
20096.0 ‐91982 0 30.389564 ‐95058 ‐3872 95349 481.6 60.02 0.967641
20096.5 ‐91980 0 30.389974 ‐95096 ‐3645 95342 481.2 60.029 0.967233
20097.0 ‐91976 0 30.39018 ‐95048 ‐3786 95373 481.5 60 0.967679
20097.5 ‐91975 0 30.391205 ‐95056 ‐3886 95397 481.7 60.02 0.967588
20098.0 ‐91972 0 30.391411 ‐95067 ‐3880 95324 481.7 60.02 0.967444
20098.5 ‐91971 0 30.391411 ‐95051 ‐3644 95303 481.6 59.99 0.967596
20099.0 ‐91969 0 30.398797 ‐95045 ‐3960 95425 481.7 59.97 0.967636
20099.5 ‐91968 0 30.398797 ‐95062 ‐3901 95381 482 60.029 0.967453
20100.0 ‐91965 0 30.398797 ‐95090 ‐3776 95345 482.5 59.99 0.967136
20100.5 ‐91962 0 30.399002 ‐95060 ‐3731 95336 481.9 60 0.96741
170
20101.0 ‐91960 0 30.411393 ‐95095 ‐3974 95472 482.1 60 0.967033
20101.5 ‐91958 0 30.412624 ‐95053 ‐3875 95317 481.4 60.029 0.967439
20102.0 ‐91957 0 30.412624 ‐95062 ‐3671 95313 482 60 0.967337
20102.5 ‐91954 0 30.412829 ‐95064 ‐3842 95409 482.2 60.029 0.967285
20103.1 ‐91952 0 30.421098 ‐95079 ‐3981 95440 482.3 60.029 0.967112
20103.6 ‐91950 0 30.422124 ‐95040 ‐3916 95311 482.4 60.029 0.967487
20104.1 ‐91949 0 30.422329 ‐94993 ‐3716 95246 482.5 60.04 0.967956
20104.6 ‐91953 0 30.42274 ‐94964 ‐3968 95345 482.2 59.99 0.968293
20105.1 ‐91952 0 30.434167 ‐95086 ‐3995 95382 481.9 60.04 0.96704
20105.6 ‐91950 0 30.434988 ‐95045 ‐3720 95283 482 59.99 0.967436
20106.1 ‐91949 0 30.435193 ‐94994 ‐3796 95283 482 60 0.967945
20106.6 ‐91953 0 30.435603 ‐94929 ‐3999 95300 481.9 60.02 0.96865
20107.1 ‐91954 0 30.436014 ‐95030 ‐3844 95277 481.5 60.06 0.967631
20107.6 ‐91954 0 30.436834 ‐95035 ‐3685 95280 481.1 60.02 0.96758
20108.1 ‐91952 0 30.436834 ‐95047 ‐3875 95397 481.3 60.04 0.967437
20108.6 ‐91953 0 30.436834 ‐95013 ‐3998 95364 480.3 60.02 0.967794
20109.1 ‐91952 0 30.444015 ‐95036 ‐3878 95290 480.3 60.029 0.967549
20109.6 ‐91949 0 30.444221 ‐95001 ‐3666 95245 479.8 60.04 0.967874
20110.1 ‐91951 0 30.444221 ‐94967 ‐3897 95298 479.7 60 0.968242
20110.6 ‐91955 0 30.444221 ‐94983 ‐3938 95266 479.5 60.029 0.968121
20111.1 ‐91956 0 30.457209 ‐95032 ‐3670 95268 479.4 60.029 0.967632
20111.6 ‐91957 0 30.458235 ‐94980 ‐3801 95282 479 60.04 0.968172
20112.1 ‐91958 0 30.45844 ‐95009 ‐4009 95332 477.6 60.02 0.967887
20112.6 ‐91959 0 30.45885 ‐95016 ‐3810 95270 478.4 60 0.967826
20113.1 ‐91960 0 30.466852 ‐94993 ‐3634 95232 477.7 60.02 0.968071
20113.6 ‐91962 0 30.467673 ‐95027 ‐3874 95384 477.4 60 0.967746
20114.1 ‐91963 0 30.468083 ‐95008 ‐3930 95342 476.7 60.04 0.96795
20114.6 ‐91965 0 30.468288 ‐95015 ‐3688 95244 477.8 60.029 0.9679
20115.1 ‐91965 0 30.47951 ‐95023 ‐3688 95281 477.3 60.029 0.967818
20115.6 ‐91967 0 30.480536 ‐95001 ‐3930 95351 477.8 60.02 0.968063
20116.1 ‐91968 0 30.480536 ‐95008 ‐3969 95291 477 60.029 0.968003
20116.6 ‐91969 0 30.480536 ‐95007 ‐3701 95239 478.4 60.029 0.968023
20117.1 ‐91969 0 30.480947 ‐95005 ‐3790 95329 478.5 60.029 0.968044
20117.6 ‐91970 0 30.481767 ‐95015 ‐4001 95366 478.7 60 0.967952
20118.1 ‐91970 0 30.481972 ‐95015 ‐3862 95264 479.2 60.029 0.967952
20118.6 ‐91970 0 30.482178 ‐95059 ‐3710 95295 479.4 60.06 0.967504
20119.1 ‐91969 0 30.489359 ‐95028 ‐4022 95398 480.1 60.02 0.967809
20119.6 ‐91970 0 30.489564 ‐95033 ‐3935 95340 479.6 60.04 0.967769
20120.1 ‐91969 0 30.489564 ‐95043 ‐3802 95278 479.8 60 0.967657
20120.6 ‐91969 0 30.489769 ‐95014 ‐3760 95297 480 60.04 0.967952
20121.1 ‐91970 0 30.502758 ‐95008 ‐4048 95368 479.4 60.04 0.968024
20121.6 ‐91970 0 30.503578 ‐95027 ‐3924 95285 479.6 60.02 0.96783
20122.1 ‐91971 0 30.503783 ‐94977 ‐3794 95214 479 60.029 0.96835
20122.6 ‐91971 0 30.504194 ‐95031 ‐3862 95377 479.3 60.04 0.9678
20123.1 ‐91973 0 30.51199 ‐94943 ‐4034 95279 478.9 60 0.968718
20123.6 ‐91974 0 30.512606 ‐95028 ‐3873 95291 478.6 60.029 0.967862
20124.1 ‐91977 0 30.512811 ‐94975 ‐3728 95229 478.2 60.029 0.968434
20124.6 ‐91977 0 30.513221 ‐95009 ‐4023 95360 477.8 60 0.968087
20125.1 ‐91979 0 30.52588 ‐94999 ‐3921 95295 478 60.029 0.96821
20125.6 ‐91980 0 30.527316 ‐94996 ‐3730 95228 478 60.04 0.968251
20126.1 ‐91983 0 30.527316 ‐94971 ‐3734 95260 476.7 60.04 0.968538
20126.6 ‐91984 0 30.527316 ‐95014 ‐4051 95373 477.4 60 0.96811
20127.1 ‐91986 0 30.527789 ‐94996 ‐3887 95253 477.9 60.04 0.968314
20127.6 ‐91987 0 30.528815 ‐95009 ‐3760 95238 477.7 60.029 0.968192
20128.1 ‐91989 0 30.528815 ‐94990 ‐3915 95350 477.8 60.029 0.968407
20128.6 ‐91990 0 30.52902 ‐94999 ‐3949 95316 477.5 60.02 0.968326
20129.1 ‐91991 0 30.535648 ‐95037 ‐3818 95295 478 60.02 0.967949
20129.6 ‐91992 0 30.536058 ‐95009 ‐3798 95263 478.5 60.029 0.968245
20130.1 ‐91992 0 30.536058 ‐95054 ‐4071 95411 478.6 60.029 0.967787
20130.6 ‐91992 0 30.536058 ‐95027 ‐4010 95307 478.6 60.02 0.968062
20131.1 ‐91993 0 30.548716 ‐95009 ‐3822 95252 479.2 60.02 0.968256
20131.6 ‐91992 0 30.549332 ‐95003 ‐3883 95313 479.7 60.04 0.968306
20132.1 ‐91993 0 30.549332 ‐95039 ‐4082 95384 480.3 60.02 0.96795
20132.6 ‐91993 0 30.549742 ‐95022 ‐4007 95279 480.1 60.04 0.968123
20133.1 ‐91994 0 30.558297 ‐95032 ‐3771 95270 480.4 60.02 0.968032
20133.6 ‐91993 0 30.559323 ‐95020 ‐4014 95385 480.1 60.029 0.968144
20134.1 ‐91993 0 30.559528 ‐95052 ‐4080 95387 481.2 60 0.967818
20134.6 ‐91993 0 30.559528 ‐95027 ‐3914 95275 481.2 60.02 0.968072
20135.1 ‐91993 0 30.571428 ‐95054 ‐3818 95316 480.6 60.04 0.967797
20135.6 ‐91992 0 30.572659 ‐95016 ‐3707 95338 481.9 60 0.968174
20136.1 ‐91991 0 30.572864 ‐95048 ‐4086 95339 481.2 60 0.967837
20136.6 ‐91990 0 30.573069 ‐95053 ‐3850 95295 481 60.029 0.967776
20137.1 ‐91989 0 30.573275 ‐95014 ‐3998 95354 481.1 60 0.968163
20137.6 ‐91989 0 30.574095 ‐95018 ‐4104 95358 481.5 60.02 0.968122
20138.1 ‐91988 0 30.574506 ‐95056 ‐4007 95321 481.7 60.02 0.967724
20138.6 ‐91987 0 30.574506 ‐95015 ‐3866 95266 481.2 60.02 0.968131
20139.1 ‐91986 0 30.581687 ‐95064 ‐4095 95425 481.2 60.02 0.967622
20139.6 ‐91985 0 30.582097 ‐95027 ‐4058 95330 481.4 60.029 0.967988
20140.1 ‐91983 0 30.582097 ‐95071 ‐4012 95309 481.5 60.029 0.967519
20140.6 ‐91983 0 30.582302 ‐95019 ‐3914 95291 481.2 60.04 0.968048
20141.1 ‐91980 0 30.593256 ‐95077 ‐4085 95409 481.1 60.029 0.967426
20141.6 ‐91980 0 30.593872 ‐95040 ‐4148 95323 481.1 60.029 0.967803
171
20142.1 ‐91978 0 30.594282 ‐95035 ‐3917 95279 481.1 60.029 0.967833
20142.6 ‐91978 0 30.594487 ‐95044 ‐4061 95379 481 60.02 0.967741
20143.1 ‐91976 0 30.602346 ‐95043 ‐4206 95385 481.3 59.97 0.96773
20143.6 ‐91975 0 30.603577 ‐95069 ‐3934 95332 481.2 60.02 0.967455
20144.1 ‐91975 0 30.603577 ‐95011 ‐3874 95273 481 60.029 0.968046
20144.6 ‐91973 0 30.603577 ‐95073 ‐4182 95450 481 60 0.967393
20145.1 ‐91972 0 30.616219 ‐95059 ‐4058 95348 481.4 60.02 0.967525
20145.6 ‐91971 0 30.617244 ‐95039 ‐3838 95273 480.8 60.02 0.967719
20146.1 ‐91970 0 30.617655 ‐95031 ‐3990 95309 480.7 60 0.967789
20146.6 ‐91969 0 30.61786 ‐95074 ‐4223 95428 481.9 59.99 0.967341
20147.1 ‐91967 0 30.61827 ‐95050 ‐4107 95317 481.1 60.02 0.967564
20147.6 ‐91965 0 30.619091 ‐95078 ‐3791 95330 481 60.02 0.967258
20148.1 ‐91965 0 30.619501 ‐95007 ‐4065 95367 481 60 0.967981
20148.6 ‐91963 0 30.619501 ‐95082 ‐4212 95421 481.4 60 0.967197
20149.1 ‐91963 0 30.627503 ‐95037 ‐4024 95305 481.4 59.99 0.967655
20149.6 ‐91961 0 30.627708 ‐95042 ‐3920 95296 481.2 60 0.967583
20150.1 ‐91960 0 30.627708 ‐95115 ‐4133 95477 481.4 59.99 0.96683
20150.6 ‐91959 0 30.627913 ‐95041 ‐4163 95321 481.5 60.02 0.967572
20151.1 ‐91958 0 30.639198 ‐95069 ‐3918 95308 481.2 59.99 0.967276
20151.6 ‐91957 0 30.640224 ‐95034 ‐4032 95345 480.8 60 0.967622
20152.1 ‐91955 0 30.640224 ‐95064 ‐4185 95422 481.3 59.99 0.967296
20152.6 ‐91955 0 30.640429 ‐95032 ‐4141 95298 481.5 60.029 0.967621
20153.1 ‐91955 0 30.647673 ‐95042 ‐3898 95295 481.2 60.02 0.96752
20153.6 ‐91953 0 30.648904 ‐95040 ‐4188 95408 481.2 60.029 0.967519
20154.1 ‐91953 0 30.648904 ‐95057 ‐4185 95383 481.2 59.99 0.967346
20154.6 ‐91952 0 30.648904 ‐95040 ‐4052 95286 481.5 60 0.967508
20155.1 ‐91951 0 30.662035 ‐95035 ‐3917 95295 481.6 60.029 0.967549
20155.6 ‐91949 0 30.662856 ‐95068 ‐4201 95428 481.2 60.04 0.967192
20156.1 ‐91950 0 30.663266 ‐94962 ‐4141 95239 481.2 60.02 0.968282
20156.6 ‐91954 0 30.663471 ‐94942 ‐3906 95184 481.4 60.02 0.968528
20157.1 ‐91954 0 30.663882 ‐95069 ‐4097 95390 481.5 60.04 0.967234
20157.6 ‐91953 0 30.664702 ‐95019 ‐4188 95374 481.6 60.029 0.967733
20158.1 ‐91952 0 30.665113 ‐95060 ‐4163 95333 481.1 60.04 0.967305
20158.6 ‐91952 0 30.665113 ‐95026 ‐3870 95283 481.3 60.02 0.967651
20159.1 ‐91950 0 30.672846 ‐95103 ‐4222 95484 481.7 60.04 0.966846
20159.6 ‐91951 0 30.673052 ‐94962 ‐4187 95304 481.6 60.04 0.968293
20160.1 ‐91951 0 30.673052 ‐95060 ‐4023 95312 481.4 60.02 0.967294
20160.6 ‐91951 0 30.673257 ‐95054 ‐4037 95334 481.1 60.04 0.967355
20161.1 ‐91949 0 30.685772 ‐95037 ‐4214 95367 482 60.029 0.967507
20161.6 ‐91954 0 30.686798 ‐94962 ‐4152 95257 481.7 60.06 0.968324
20162.1 ‐91953 0 30.686798 ‐95061 ‐3859 95305 481.8 60.06 0.967305
20162.6 ‐91952 0 30.687003 ‐95078 ‐4155 95432 481.8 60.06 0.967122
20163.1 ‐91951 0 30.693096 ‐95061 ‐4196 95391 482.1 60.02 0.967284
20163.6 ‐91950 0 30.694122 ‐95032 ‐4143 95292 482.1 60.02 0.967569
20164.1 ‐91952 0 30.694532 ‐94930 ‐4025 95195 481.9 60.02 0.96863
20164.6 ‐91953 0 30.694532 ‐95003 ‐3117 95286 481.8 60.02 0.967896
20165.1 ‐91952 0 30.7067 ‐95050 ‐4253 95355 481.9 60.04 0.967407
20165.6 ‐91950 0 30.707931 ‐95069 ‐4037 95324 482.1 60.06 0.967192
20166.1 ‐91949 0 30.708342 ‐94974 ‐4059 95258 481.8 60.069 0.968149
20166.6 ‐91954 0 30.708547 ‐94918 ‐3082 95163 482.4 60.02 0.968773
20167.1 ‐91955 0 30.708752 ‐95053 ‐4231 95320 482.5 60.04 0.967408
20167.6 ‐91954 0 30.709573 ‐95043 ‐3968 95288 482 60.029 0.967499
20168.1 ‐91953 0 30.709778 ‐95060 ‐4198 95413 481.9 60.06 0.967315
20168.6 ‐91952 0 30.709778 ‐95049 ‐4227 95393 481.9 60.04 0.967417
20169.1 ‐91951 0 30.718679 ‐95065 ‐4108 95321 481.6 60.04 0.967243
20169.6 ‐91950 0 30.718885 ‐95041 ‐3983 95282 481.9 60.029 0.967477
20170.1 ‐91954 0 30.718885 ‐94945 ‐4294 95322 481.8 60.04 0.968498
20170.6 ‐91954 0 30.71909 ‐95074 ‐4201 95381 481.4 60.02 0.967183
20171.1 ‐91952 0 30.731463 ‐95082 ‐3999 95322 481.5 60.02 0.967081
20171.6 ‐91951 0 30.732284 ‐95070 ‐4061 95396 481.6 60.029 0.967193
20172.1 ‐91949 0 30.732489 ‐95053 ‐4260 95405 481.6 60.02 0.967345
20172.6 ‐91952 0 30.732694 ‐94960 ‐4136 95231 481.9 60.02 0.968324
20173.1 ‐91953 0 30.73967 ‐95048 ‐3930 95309 481.4 60.029 0.967438
20173.6 ‐91951 0 30.740901 ‐95077 ‐4195 95452 482 60.029 0.967121
20174.1 ‐91950 0 30.741311 ‐95022 ‐4248 95364 481.6 60.04 0.967671
20174.6 ‐91952 0 30.741311 ‐94980 ‐4074 95258 481.1 60.02 0.96812
20175.1 ‐91952 0 30.752801 ‐95031 ‐4032 95308 481 60.02 0.9676
20175.6 ‐91949 0 30.753827 ‐95092 ‐4284 95465 481.9 60 0.966948
20176.1 ‐91949 0 30.754237 ‐94975 ‐4224 95285 481.7 60 0.968139
20176.6 ‐91953 0 30.754443 ‐94969 ‐3975 95236 481.3 60 0.968242
20177.1 ‐91953 0 30.754853 ‐95044 ‐3150 95357 481 60.02 0.967478
20177.6 ‐91951 0 30.755468 ‐95062 ‐4266 95426 481.9 60 0.967274
20178.1 ‐91950 0 30.755468 ‐95019 ‐4177 95297 481.5 60 0.967701
20178.6 ‐91951 0 30.755468 ‐94982 ‐4006 95241 481.2 60 0.968089
20179.1 ‐91952 0 30.763265 ‐95027 ‐3193 95332 481.3 60.02 0.967641
20179.6 ‐91950 0 30.76347 ‐95061 ‐3054 95277 480.9 60.029 0.967274
20180.1 ‐91949 0 30.76347 ‐95008 ‐4103 95263 482 60.02 0.967803
20180.6 ‐91952 0 30.763675 ‐94962 ‐4048 95256 481.2 60.04 0.968303
20181.1 ‐91952 0 30.777012 ‐95031 ‐3132 95277 481.7 60.02 0.9676
20181.6 ‐91951 0 30.778037 ‐95037 ‐4189 95323 482.2 60.029 0.967528
20182.1 ‐91949 0 30.778448 ‐95078 ‐3940 95332 481.6 60.029 0.96709
20182.6 ‐91949 0 30.778653 ‐94972 ‐4202 95324 481.4 60.029 0.96817
172
20183.1 ‐91953 0 30.785834 ‐94974 ‐4246 95330 481.9 59.99 0.968191
20183.6 ‐91952 0 30.786655 ‐95084 ‐4112 95362 481.4 60.02 0.967061
20184.1 ‐91950 0 30.787065 ‐95051 ‐3279 95393 481.6 60 0.967375
20184.6 ‐91949 0 30.787065 ‐95023 ‐4282 95414 481.4 60.04 0.96765
20185.1 ‐91952 0 30.799297 ‐94954 ‐3015 95175 482 60.02 0.968385
20185.6 ‐91952 0 30.800528 ‐95002 ‐3011 95255 481.3 60.02 0.967895
20186.1 ‐91951 0 30.800528 ‐95060 ‐4122 95390 482 60 0.967294
20186.6 ‐91949 0 30.800733 ‐95010 ‐4298 95384 482.2 60.029 0.967782
20187.1 ‐91952 0 30.800938 ‐94975 ‐4222 95247 481.6 60.029 0.968171
20187.6 ‐91952 0 30.801554 ‐95008 ‐3186 95316 481.7 60.06 0.967834
20188.1 ‐91950 0 30.801964 ‐95064 ‐3330 95380 482.1 60 0.967243
20188.6 ‐91950 0 30.801964 ‐94925 ‐3227 95154 481.8 60 0.968659
20189.1 ‐91953 0 30.810171 ‐95008 ‐3040 95251 481.6 60.02 0.967845
20189.6 ‐91953 0 30.810376 ‐95042 ‐3260 95384 481.6 60.029 0.967499
20190.1 ‐91950 0 30.810376 ‐95095 ‐4323 95465 481.9 59.99 0.966928
20190.6 ‐91950 0 30.810581 ‐95003 ‐4269 95303 481.8 60.04 0.967864
20191.1 ‐91952 0 30.822687 ‐94981 ‐4033 95228 482.2 60.04 0.968109
20191.6 ‐91953 0 30.823507 ‐95048 ‐4143 95389 481.4 60.029 0.967438
20192.1 ‐91950 0 30.823918 ‐95032 ‐3246 95265 482.1 60.02 0.967569
20192.6 ‐91950 0 30.824123 ‐94999 ‐4189 95266 481.9 60.029 0.967905
20193.1 ‐91953 0 30.831651 ‐94939 ‐4022 95207 481.6 60.04 0.968548
20193.6 ‐91954 0 30.832882 ‐95062 ‐4284 95460 481.9 60.029 0.967306
20194.1 ‐91953 0 30.833292 ‐94991 ‐3209 95219 482 60 0.968018
20194.6 ‐91951 0 30.833292 ‐95117 ‐4141 95379 481.4 60.029 0.966715
20195.1 ‐91950 0 30.84655 ‐95024 ‐4065 95299 481.8 60.04 0.96765
20195.6 ‐91952 0 30.847371 ‐95005 ‐4328 95393 481.4 60 0.967865
20196.1 ‐91951 0 30.847371 ‐95020 ‐3131 95229 481.7 60.029 0.967702
20196.6 ‐91950 0 30.847576 ‐95079 ‐4057 95334 481.4 60.02 0.967091
20197.1 ‐91947 0 30.847718 ‐95011 ‐3972 95367 481.3 60.029 0.967751
20197.6 ‐91951 0 30.848538 ‐94948 ‐4305 95317 481.7 60 0.968435
20198.1 ‐91953 0 30.848949 ‐95010 ‐3051 95220 481.6 60.04 0.967824
20198.6 ‐91952 0 30.848949 ‐95045 ‐4019 95323 481.8 60.02 0.967458
20199.1 ‐91951 0 30.856067 ‐95008 ‐3430 95309 481.7 60.02 0.967824
20199.6 ‐91949 0 30.856272 ‐95102 ‐4305 95445 481.6 60 0.966846
20200.1 ‐91949 0 30.856272 ‐94924 ‐3051 95169 481.3 60.04 0.968659
20200.6 ‐91952 0 30.856477 ‐94997 ‐3304 95328 481.5 60.02 0.967946
20201.1 ‐91951 0 30.868456 ‐95057 ‐4351 95435 481.9 60 0.967325
20201.6 ‐91949 0 30.869481 ‐95093 ‐4245 95380 481.3 60 0.966938
20202.1 ‐91949 0 30.869687 ‐94934 ‐3244 95237 481 60 0.968557
20202.6 ‐91952 0 30.869892 ‐94918 ‐3337 95222 481.8 60.04 0.968752
20203.1 ‐91954 0 30.877546 ‐95067 ‐4340 95433 481.5 60.04 0.967255
20203.6 ‐91951 0 30.878777 ‐95067 ‐4196 95347 481.5 60.04 0.967223
20204.1 ‐91951 0 30.878777 ‐95061 ‐4045 95343 481.6 60.02 0.967284
20204.6 ‐91948 0 30.879188 ‐94975 ‐3378 95256 481.9 60.069 0.968128
20205.1 ‐91951 0 30.892256 ‐94958 ‐4312 95278 481.4 60.02 0.968333
20205.6 ‐91953 0 30.893281 ‐95043 ‐4044 95292 481 60.02 0.967488
20206.1 ‐91952 0 30.893281 ‐95053 ‐3418 95382 481.8 60 0.967376
20206.6 ‐91950 0 30.893487 ‐95066 ‐4356 95448 481.3 60.029 0.967223
20207.1 ‐91950 0 30.893897 ‐95016 ‐4216 95286 481.4 60.029 0.967732
20207.6 ‐91953 0 30.894718 ‐94951 ‐3317 95279 481.6 60.029 0.968426
20208.1 ‐91953 0 30.894923 ‐95065 ‐4255 95425 481.8 60.04 0.967265
20208.6 ‐91952 0 30.895128 ‐95028 ‐3233 95258 481.4 60.02 0.967631
20209.1 ‐91950 0 30.90313 ‐95050 ‐3098 95274 481.1 60.029 0.967386
20209.6 ‐91949 0 30.90313 ‐94954 ‐3495 95278 481.5 60.02 0.968353
20210.1 ‐91952 0 30.90313 ‐94960 ‐3374 95240 481.7 60.02 0.968324
20210.6 ‐91952 0 30.90313 ‐95059 ‐4301 95365 481.5 60.04 0.967315
20211.1 ‐91950 0 30.91503 ‐95054 ‐4039 95305 481.3 60.029 0.967345
20211.6 ‐91950 0 30.91585 ‐94952 ‐3533 95256 481.5 60.02 0.968384
20212.1 ‐91954 0 30.916466 ‐94999 ‐4373 95389 481.4 60.029 0.967947
20212.6 ‐91953 0 30.916671 ‐95030 ‐4274 95308 481.4 60 0.967621
20213.1 ‐91952 0 30.923852 ‐95073 ‐4036 95341 481.1 60 0.967173
20213.6 ‐91949 0 30.924468 ‐95001 ‐3412 95296 481.9 60.02 0.967874
20214.1 ‐91951 0 30.924878 ‐94996 ‐4338 95349 481.5 60.029 0.967946
20214.6 ‐91953 0 30.925288 ‐95032 ‐4196 95302 481 59.99 0.9676
20215.1 ‐91951 0 30.937599 ‐95042 ‐3445 95376 481.7 60.029 0.967478
20215.6 ‐91950 0 30.938214 ‐94974 ‐3403 95215 481.3 60 0.96816
20216.1 ‐91951 0 30.938625 ‐94968 ‐4294 95269 481.6 60.069 0.968231
20216.6 ‐91951 0 30.939035 ‐95050 ‐3327 95348 480.7 60.04 0.967396
20217.1 ‐91949 0 30.93924 ‐94974 ‐3399 95266 481.6 60.02 0.968149
20217.6 ‐91953 0 30.940266 ‐94956 ‐3393 95213 481.9 60.02 0.968375
20218.1 ‐91953 0 30.940676 ‐95070 ‐4237 95348 481.6 60.04 0.967214
20218.6 ‐91952 0 30.940676 ‐95056 ‐4067 95349 480.8 60.02 0.967346
20219.1 ‐91951 0 30.948615 ‐95027 ‐3421 95333 481.7 60.029 0.96763
20219.6 ‐91950 0 30.948615 ‐94984 ‐3282 95195 481.3 60 0.968058
20220.1 ‐91952 0 30.94882 ‐94983 ‐4142 95239 481.3 60.02 0.968089
20220.6 ‐91951 0 30.94882 ‐95109 ‐4133 95409 481.6 60.02 0.966796
20221.1 ‐91949 0 30.960783 ‐94955 ‐3436 95198 481.6 60.029 0.968343
20221.6 ‐91953 0 30.961399 ‐94943 ‐3119 95162 481.2 60 0.968507
20222.1 ‐91954 0 30.961809 ‐95039 ‐3389 95346 481.5 60.04 0.96754
20222.6 ‐91952 0 30.962014 ‐95071 ‐4260 95431 481.6 60 0.967193
20223.1 ‐91951 0 30.970695 ‐95027 ‐3425 95265 481.5 60 0.96763
20223.6 ‐91951 0 30.971516 ‐94982 ‐3210 95230 481.6 60.029 0.968089
173
20224.1 ‐91950 0 30.972131 ‐95066 ‐3508 95404 481.1 60.029 0.967223
20224.6 ‐91949 0 30.972542 ‐94960 ‐3381 95219 481.7 60.029 0.968292
20225.1 ‐91952 0 30.984647 ‐94925 ‐3314 95136 481.5 60.04 0.968681
20225.6 ‐91953 0 30.985057 ‐95043 ‐3286 95304 481.7 60.04 0.967488
20226.1 ‐91952 0 30.985468 ‐95039 ‐3427 95353 481.9 60.029 0.967519
20226.6 ‐91950 0 30.985878 ‐95031 ‐3515 95286 481.8 60.06 0.967579
20227.1 ‐91949 0 30.986083 ‐94915 ‐3210 95144 481.6 60 0.968751
20227.6 ‐91953 0 30.986904 ‐94976 ‐3450 95303 481.3 60.029 0.968171
20228.1 ‐91954 0 30.987109 ‐95032 ‐4322 95433 481.6 60.029 0.967611
20228.6 ‐91953 0 30.987109 ‐95057 ‐3403 95297 481.8 60 0.967346
20229.1 ‐91951 0 30.99429 ‐95027 ‐3285 95262 481.6 60 0.96763
20229.6 ‐91950 0 30.99429 ‐95050 ‐3576 95391 481.2 60.04 0.967386
20230.1 ‐91950 0 30.994495 ‐94965 ‐3520 95219 481.6 59.99 0.968251
20230.6 ‐91952 0 30.994495 ‐94966 ‐3321 95195 481.7 60 0.968262
20231.1 ‐91953 0 31.00728 ‐95025 ‐3377 95303 481.5 60.02 0.967672
20231.6 ‐91951 0 31.008511 ‐95054 ‐3558 95393 481.3 59.97 0.967355
20232.1 ‐91949 0 31.008511 ‐95001 ‐3394 95212 481 60.029 0.967874
20232.6 ‐91952 0 31.008716 ‐94929 ‐3207 95134 481.2 60.029 0.96864
20233.1 ‐91953 0 31.016859 ‐95082 ‐4083 95359 481.7 60.04 0.967092
20233.6 ‐91952 0 31.01809 ‐95015 ‐3556 95349 481.3 60.029 0.967763
20234.1 ‐91950 0 31.018295 ‐95045 ‐3470 95281 481.4 60.02 0.967436
20234.6 ‐91951 0 31.018706 ‐94940 ‐3385 95177 481.9 60.02 0.968517
20235.1 ‐91952 0 31.029785 ‐95057 ‐4111 95347 481.7 60.04 0.967335
20235.6 ‐91951 0 31.030195 ‐95035 ‐3507 95319 481.7 60.029 0.967549
20236.1 ‐91949 0 31.030811 ‐94985 ‐3292 95205 481.8 60.029 0.968037
20236.6 ‐91952 0 31.031221 ‐94926 ‐3399 95231 482.1 60 0.96867
20237.1 ‐91954 0 31.031221 ‐95062 ‐4257 95410 482.2 60.02 0.967306
20237.6 ‐91953 0 31.032042 ‐95045 ‐3492 95302 481.6 59.99 0.967468
20238.1 ‐91952 0 31.032247 ‐95079 ‐3965 95289 481.7 60.029 0.967112
20238.6 ‐91952 0 31.032247 ‐95050 ‐3543 95398 480.9 60.029 0.967407
20239.1 ‐91950 0 31.040044 ‐95048 ‐4341 95435 481.7 60 0.967406
20239.6 ‐91950 0 31.040044 ‐95025 ‐3314 95249 481.6 60.04 0.96764
20240.1 ‐91950 0 31.040249 ‐94925 ‐3390 95177 481.6 60.02 0.968659
20240.6 ‐91954 0 31.040249 ‐95059 ‐3597 95381 481.7 60.02 0.967336
20241.1 ‐91952 0 31.053585 ‐95014 ‐3583 95257 482 60.04 0.967773
20241.6 ‐91952 0 31.054201 ‐95070 ‐3389 95290 481.6 60 0.967203
20242.1 ‐91950 0 31.054611 ‐95001 ‐3529 95299 481.7 60 0.967885
20242.6 ‐91953 0 31.054816 ‐94964 ‐3625 95303 481.7 60.029 0.968293
20243.1 ‐91953 0 31.062549 ‐95032 ‐3564 95269 481.4 60.029 0.9676
20243.6 ‐91951 0 31.063575 ‐95054 ‐4265 95349 481.9 60.04 0.967355
20244.1 ‐91950 0 31.063985 ‐95059 ‐3660 95416 482.1 60.02 0.967294
20244.6 ‐91950 0 31.06419 ‐94956 ‐3615 95265 481.9 60.029 0.968343
20245.1 ‐91953 0 31.074859 ‐94949 ‐3312 95173 482.5 60.02 0.968446
20245.6 ‐91953 0 31.07527 ‐95067 ‐3442 95319 482 60.029 0.967244
20246.1 ‐91952 0 31.075885 ‐95045 ‐3690 95406 481.7 60.02 0.967458
20246.6 ‐91950 0 31.076501 ‐95033 ‐3599 95290 481.9 60 0.967559
20247.1 ‐91950 0 31.076706 ‐94947 ‐3450 95177 481.2 60.02 0.968435
20247.6 ‐91953 0 31.077732 ‐94965 ‐3642 95288 481.8 60.02 0.968283
20248.1 ‐91953 0 31.077732 ‐95045 ‐3691 95384 482.1 60 0.967468
20248.6 ‐91952 0 31.077937 ‐95044 ‐4384 95427 481.8 60.029 0.967468
20249.1 ‐91952 0 31.086554 ‐95043 ‐3459 95286 481.9 60.029 0.967478
20249.6 ‐91950 0 31.086759 ‐95037 ‐3743 95392 482.1 60.02 0.967518
20250.1 ‐91949 0 31.086759 ‐94973 ‐3637 95266 481.8 60.029 0.968159
20250.6 ‐91953 0 31.086759 ‐94946 ‐3442 95173 481.9 60 0.968477
20251.1 ‐91954 0 31.09989 ‐95049 ‐3520 95324 481.9 60.04 0.967438
20251.6 ‐91953 0 31.100301 ‐95033 ‐3713 95367 482.1 60.029 0.96759
20252.1 ‐91951 0 31.100711 ‐95051 ‐3700 95306 482.1 60.02 0.967386
20252.6 ‐91949 0 31.100916 ‐95076 ‐4292 95368 482.1 60.04 0.967111
20253.1 ‐91952 0 31.108303 ‐94948 ‐3707 95291 482 60.02 0.968446
20253.6 ‐91953 0 31.109328 ‐95073 ‐3673 95375 481.9 60.04 0.967183
20254.1 ‐91951 0 31.109944 ‐95040 ‐3531 95291 482.3 60.02 0.967498
20254.6 ‐91949 0 31.110354 ‐95023 ‐4118 95273 481.8 60.029 0.96765
20255.1 ‐91953 0 31.121844 ‐94994 ‐3755 95359 482 60.029 0.967987
20255.6 ‐91952 0 31.122254 ‐95039 ‐3632 95289 482 60.029 0.967519
20256.1 ‐91951 0 31.122665 ‐95058 ‐3314 95278 482.1 60.02 0.967315
20256.6 ‐91949 0 31.123075 ‐94937 ‐3517 95231 482.2 60.06 0.968526
20257.1 ‐91953 0 31.12369 ‐95047 ‐3768 95401 481.9 60.02 0.967448
20257.6 ‐91952 0 31.124511 ‐95031 ‐3713 95282 482.2 60.029 0.9676
20258.1 ‐91950 0 31.124716 ‐95059 ‐3492 95287 482.5 60.04 0.967294
20258.6 ‐91950 0 31.124922 ‐94966 ‐3789 95332 481.9 60.04 0.968241
20259.1 ‐91953 0 31.132987 ‐94973 ‐3748 95295 482.2 60.029 0.968201
20259.6 ‐91953 0 31.132987 ‐95078 ‐3521 95332 481.8 60.04 0.967132
20260.1 ‐91951 0 31.133192 ‐95044 ‐3544 95297 482.4 60.029 0.967457
20260.6 ‐91949 0 31.133192 ‐95005 ‐3693 95334 482.2 60.029 0.967833
20261.1 ‐91952 0 31.146118 ‐94941 ‐3521 95197 481.8 60.04 0.968517
20261.6 ‐91954 0 31.146323 ‐95056 ‐3458 95285 481.9 60.029 0.967367
20262.1 ‐91952 0 31.146734 ‐95033 ‐3635 95353 481.8 60.04 0.96758
20262.6 ‐91951 0 31.146939 ‐95042 ‐3841 95377 481.8 60.02 0.967478
20263.1 ‐91950 0 31.15412 ‐95039 ‐3668 95290 482.1 60.06 0.967498
20263.6 ‐91950 0 31.155146 ‐94951 ‐3479 95200 482.2 60.04 0.968394
20264.1 ‐91954 0 31.155761 ‐94972 ‐3784 95350 482.4 60.04 0.968222
20264.6 ‐91954 0 31.156172 ‐95041 ‐3778 95351 482.5 60.04 0.967519
174
20265.1 ‐91953 0 31.168687 ‐95039 ‐3559 95280 482.4 60.04 0.967529
20265.6 ‐91952 0 31.169508 ‐95044 ‐3611 95324 481.7 60.06 0.967468
20266.1 ‐91951 0 31.169918 ‐95058 ‐3832 95416 482.1 60 0.967315
20266.6 ‐91950 0 31.170329 ‐95010 ‐3656 95241 482.3 60.04 0.967793
20267.1 ‐91953 0 31.170944 ‐94942 ‐3517 95187 482.5 60 0.968518
20267.6 ‐91953 0 31.171765 ‐95047 ‐3716 95375 482.3 60.04 0.967448
20268.1 ‐91952 0 31.17197 ‐95028 ‐3772 95359 482.2 60.069 0.967631
20268.6 ‐91952 0 31.172175 ‐95067 ‐3614 95328 482 60.04 0.967234
20269.1 ‐91951 0 31.179625 ‐95030 ‐3607 95287 482.4 60.02 0.9676
20269.6 ‐91950 0 31.179625 ‐94989 ‐3803 95346 482.3 60.04 0.968007
20270.1 ‐91952 0 31.179625 ‐94967 ‐3661 95258 482.3 60.02 0.968252
20270.6 ‐91952 0 31.179625 ‐95027 ‐3565 95268 482.5 60.029 0.967641
20271.1 ‐91951 0 31.191051 ‐95020 ‐3670 95329 481.9 60.02 0.967702
20271.6 ‐91950 0 31.191462 ‐95035 ‐3803 95381 482.4 60 0.967538
20272.1 ‐91951 0 31.192077 ‐94931 ‐3728 95197 482 60.029 0.968609
20272.6 ‐91953 0 31.192282 ‐95052 ‐3530 95303 482.3 60.029 0.967397
20273.1 ‐91952 0 31.199874 ‐95016 ‐3688 95380 482.1 60.029 0.967753
20273.6 ‐91951 0 31.200694 ‐95076 ‐3830 95428 481.9 60.02 0.967132
20274.1 ‐91949 0 31.201105 ‐94948 ‐3695 95203 482 60.02 0.968414
20274.6 ‐91953 0 31.201515 ‐94989 ‐3510 95273 481.8 60.029 0.968038
20275.1 ‐91952 0 31.214646 ‐95024 ‐3729 95364 482.3 59.99 0.967671
20275.6 ‐91951 0 31.215262 ‐95062 ‐3775 95331 481.9 60.029 0.967274
20276.1 ‐91950 0 31.215877 ‐94958 ‐3557 95202 482.2 60.02 0.968323
20276.6 ‐91952 0 31.215877 ‐94964 ‐3663 95298 481.8 60.02 0.968283
20277.1 ‐91954 0 31.216082 ‐95037 ‐3865 95402 482.1 60 0.96756
20277.6 ‐91952 0 31.217108 ‐95062 ‐3649 95305 481.8 60.02 0.967285
20278.1 ‐91951 0 31.217313 ‐95047 ‐3538 95298 482.2 60.02 0.967427
20278.6 ‐91950 0 31.217519 ‐95066 ‐3803 95433 481.9 60.029 0.967223
20279.0 ‐91950 0 31.22552 ‐94954 ‐3785 95261 482.3 60.04 0.968364
20279.0 ‐91950 0 31.22552 ‐94954 ‐3785 95261 482.3 60.04 0.968364
20279.5 ‐91954 0 31.22552 ‐94948 ‐3462 95343 482.2 60.029 0.968467
20280.0 ‐91955 0 31.22552 ‐95060 ‐4120 95346 482.4 59.99 0.967336
20280.5 ‐91953 0 31.225725 ‐95023 ‐4142 95337 482.4 60.02 0.967692
20281.0 ‐91953 0 31.236805 ‐95100 ‐4365 95494 482 60.02 0.966909
20281.5 13046 0 31.23742 ‐87954 ‐3794 86494 482.3 60.02 ‐0.14833
20282.0 13200 0 31.238036 11797 ‐5910 16299 510.4 60.04 1.118929
20282.5 13055 0 31.238446 13334 ‐5939 16396 512.5 60.02 0.979076
20283.0 12887 0 31.245973 13132 ‐6059 16173 511.9 60.04 0.981343
20283.5 12728 0 31.246999 13086 ‐5379 15929 512 60.029 0.972643
20284.0 12578 0 31.24741 12912 ‐5709 15615 511.8 60.02 0.974133
20284.5 12434 0 31.24782 12678 ‐6054 15640 511.7 60.029 0.980754
20285.0 12298 0 31.259925 12555 ‐5979 15458 511.8 60.029 0.97953
20285.5 12170 0 31.260541 12492 ‐5312 15117 511.8 60.029 0.974224
20286.0 12047 0 31.260746 12310 ‐5762 15208 511.7 60.02 0.978635
20286.5 11909 0 31.260746 12122 ‐6076 15135 511.5 60.029 0.982429
20287.0 11801 0 31.260746 12037 ‐5862 14986 511.2 60.029 0.980394
20287.5 11698 0 31.261156 11986 ‐5694 14781 511.4 60.029 0.975972
20288.0 11601 0 31.261156 11832 ‐5952 14918 511.9 60.029 0.980477
20288.5 11509 0 31.261156 11709 ‐6026 14730 511.8 60.04 0.982919
20289.0 11422 0 31.25972 11637 ‐5822 14593 511.5 60.029 0.981524
20289.5 11340 0 31.25972 11585 ‐5659 14541 511.2 60.029 0.978852
20290.0 11260 0 31.25972 11415 ‐6016 14612 511.6 60.029 0.986421
20290.5 11187 0 31.25972 11324 ‐5922 14423 511.3 60.029 0.987902
20291.0 11117 0 31.257668 11353 ‐5725 14267 511.2 60.029 0.979213
20291.5 11037 0 31.257668 11234 ‐5819 14359 511.4 60.029 0.982464
20292.0 10975 0 31.257668 11091 ‐6052 14248 511.4 60.029 0.989541
20292.5 10916 0 31.257668 11097 ‐5848 14182 511.8 60.029 0.983689
20293.0 10860 0 31.256232 11068 ‐5668 14015 511.1 60.04 0.981207
20293.5 10807 0 31.256027 10971 ‐5933 14242 511.4 60.06 0.985051
20294.0 10757 0 31.256027 10875 ‐5996 14055 511.6 60.029 0.989149
20294.5 10710 0 31.256027 10889 ‐5357 13838 511.6 60.04 0.983561
20295.0 10666 0 31.253565 10853 ‐5697 13954 511 60.04 0.98277
20295.5 10622 0 31.253565 10742 ‐6032 14004 511.2 60.02 0.988829
20296.0 10583 0 31.253565 10696 ‐5906 13854 511.4 60.029 0.989435
20296.5 10538 0 31.253565 10745 ‐5663 13760 511.1 60.029 0.980735
20297.0 10501 0 31.253565 10611 ‐5853 13881 511.2 60.02 0.989633
20297.5 10468 0 31.25336 10566 ‐6017 13846 510.9 60.06 0.990725
20298.0 10436 0 31.25336 10615 ‐5805 13772 511.1 60.04 0.983137
20298.5 10405 0 31.25336 10567 ‐5124 13426 511 60.04 0.984669
20299.0 10377 0 31.251923 10472 ‐5949 13819 511.3 60.04 0.990928
20299.5 10349 0 31.251923 10501 ‐5953 13706 511.3 60.029 0.985525
20300.0 10321 0 31.251923 10433 ‐5720 13524 510.8 60.029 0.989265
20300.5 10299 0 31.251923 10420 ‐5740 13678 511 60.04 0.988388
20301.0 10277 0 31.249256 10340 ‐5987 13675 510.9 60.029 0.993907
20301.5 10252 0 31.249256 10371 ‐5863 13628 510.9 60.029 0.988526
20302.0 10230 0 31.249256 10365 ‐5657 13415 510.6 60.04 0.986975
20302.5 10211 0 31.249256 10314 ‐5838 13643 511 60.04 0.990014
20303.0 10193 0 31.248436 10272 ‐6006 13550 511 60.02 0.992309
20303.5 10177 0 31.24823 10285 ‐5778 13478 511.2 60.02 0.989499
20304.0 10160 0 31.24823 10339 ‐5633 13465 510.5 60.029 0.982687
20304.5 10142 0 31.24823 10259 ‐5941 13625 511.5 60.04 0.988595
20305.0 10128 0 31.245358 10204 ‐5273 13333 511 60.029 0.992552
175
20305.5 10116 0 31.245358 10217 ‐5664 13345 510.9 60.04 0.990115
20306.0 10104 0 31.245358 10218 ‐5796 13479 510.5 60.029 0.988843
20306.5 10089 0 31.245358 10150 ‐5975 13477 510.9 60.04 0.99399
20307.0 10076 0 31.245358 10212 ‐5293 13273 510.9 60.02 0.986682
20307.5 10064 0 31.245153 10237 ‐5621 13299 510.6 60.04 0.983101
20308.0 10051 0 31.245153 10170 ‐5860 13588 511 60.029 0.988299
20308.5 10040 0 31.245153 10146 ‐5938 13418 511 60.02 0.989553
20309.0 10031 0 31.244127 10101 ‐5743 13313 511.2 60.02 0.99307
20309.5 10024 0 31.244127 10144 ‐5625 13278 510.9 60.029 0.98817
20310.0 10016 0 31.244127 10054 ‐5940 13488 510.9 60.04 0.99622
20310.5 10009 0 31.244127 10082 ‐5880 13339 511.2 60.029 0.992759
20311.0 10002 0 31.24187 10110 ‐5635 13235 511.2 60.04 0.989318
20311.5 9993 0 31.24187 10093 ‐5792 13423 511.4 60.029 0.990092
20312.0 9986 0 31.24187 10030 ‐5965 13383 511.2 60.029 0.995613
20312.5 9979 0 31.24187 10090 ‐5796 13367 511.2 60.029 0.988999
20313.0 9972 0 31.241049 10113 ‐5610 13214 510.8 60.029 0.986058
20313.5 9964 0 31.240844 10056 ‐5896 13486 511.2 60.029 0.990851
20314.0 9957 0 31.240844 10059 ‐5935 13389 511.2 60.02 0.98986
20314.5 9950 0 31.240639 10095 ‐5693 13273 511.1 60.04 0.985636
20315.0 9943 0 31.238998 10050 ‐5673 13322 510.9 60.02 0.989353
20315.5 9941 0 31.238998 9960 ‐5976 13414 511.3 60.04 0.998092
20316.0 9939 0 31.238998 9965 ‐5853 13300 511.2 60.04 0.997391
20316.5 9937 0 31.238792 10028 ‐5626 13171 510.7 60.04 0.990925
20317.0 9935 0 31.238792 9974 ‐5803 13390 511.2 60.029 0.99609
20317.5 9933 0 31.238587 9952 ‐5937 13345 510.9 60.029 0.998091
20318.0 9932 0 31.238587 9996 ‐5762 13271 511 60.04 0.993597
20318.5 9929 0 31.238587 10033 ‐5597 13171 510.9 60.06 0.989634
20319.0 9927 0 31.237151 9959 ‐5890 13452 511.3 60.06 0.996787
20319.5 9925 0 31.237151 9958 ‐5908 13265 511.1 60.029 0.996686
20320.0 9924 0 31.236946 10018 ‐5687 13196 510.8 60.04 0.990617
20320.5 9921 0 31.236946 10010 ‐5675 13264 510.9 60.029 0.991109
20321.0 9919 0 31.234894 9959 ‐5963 13380 511.1 60.029 0.995984
20321.5 9917 0 31.234689 9976 ‐5810 13309 511.1 60.029 0.994086
20322.0 9916 0 31.234484 10026 ‐5586 13141 510.4 60.04 0.989029
20322.5 9914 0 31.234279 9989 ‐5837 13422 511 60.04 0.992492
20323.0 9912 0 31.233253 9944 ‐5982 13326 510.9 60.029 0.996782
20323.5 9910 0 31.233253 9979 ‐5726 13198 511.1 60.04 0.993085
20324.0 9909 0 31.233048 10040 ‐5552 13185 510.8 60.04 0.986952
20324.5 9906 0 31.233048 9951 ‐5886 13415 510.9 60.029 0.995478
20325.0 9904 0 31.230791 9974 ‐5906 13288 511.2 60.04 0.992982
20325.5 9902 0 31.230791 10023 ‐5665 13180 511.1 60.029 0.987928
20326.0 9900 0 31.23038 10017 ‐5712 13386 511.2 60.04 0.98832
20326.5 9897 0 31.23038 9950 ‐5980 13390 511 60.029 0.994673
20327.0 9895 0 31.23038 9984 ‐5774 13283 511.2 60.04 0.991086
20327.5 9893 0 31.23038 10040 ‐5604 13193 510.3 60.029 0.985359
20328.0 9890 0 31.23038 9971 ‐5783 13440 510.8 60.029 0.991876
20328.5 9889 0 31.23038 9962 ‐5921 13344 510.8 60.02 0.992672
20329.0 9887 0 31.229829 9995 ‐5701 13214 510.9 60.02 0.989195
20329.5 9885 0 31.229624 10029 ‐5664 13339 511 60 0.985642
20330.0 9883 0 31.229624 9940 ‐5938 13452 510.9 60.02 0.994266
20330.5 9881 0 31.229624 9968 ‐5855 13308 510.6 60.029 0.991272
20331.0 9879 0 31.227572 10018 ‐5587 13196 511 60 0.986125
20331.5 9877 0 31.227572 10000 ‐5728 13406 510.7 60.02 0.9877
20332.0 9875 0 31.227572 9950 ‐5935 13367 510.8 60.029 0.992462
20332.5 9873 0 31.227367 9976 ‐5757 13282 510.7 60.02 0.989675
20333.0 9871 0 31.225931 10050 ‐5552 13173 510.9 60.02 0.982189
20333.5 9869 0 31.225931 9954 ‐5813 13466 510.7 60.02 0.991461
20334.0 9867 0 31.225931 9968 ‐5899 13310 510.9 60.02 0.989868
20334.5 9866 0 31.225931 10001 ‐5659 13230 510.6 60.029 0.986501
20335.0 9864 0 31.2247 10048 ‐4901 12946 511 60.029 0.981688
20335.5 9862 0 31.2247 9923 ‐5878 13404 510.9 60.02 0.993853
20336.0 9860 0 31.2247 9992 ‐5770 13271 510.3 60.02 0.986789
20336.5 9858 0 31.224494 10026 ‐5548 13170 510.6 60.029 0.983244
20337.0 9856 0 31.224289 9977 ‐5770 13387 510.7 60 0.987872
20337.5 9854 0 31.224084 9955 ‐5902 13318 510.9 60 0.989854
20338.0 9852 0 31.224084 9986 ‐5740 13250 510.8 60.02 0.986581
20338.5 9850 0 31.224084 10046 ‐5556 13194 510.5 60.02 0.98049
20339.0 9847 0 31.223058 9957 ‐5865 13444 511.1 60 0.988952
20339.5 9849 0 31.223058 9880 ‐5840 13217 511.3 60.029 0.996862
20340.0 9852 0 31.223058 9949 ‐5600 13168 510.8 60 0.99025
20340.5 9851 0 31.223058 10010 ‐5570 13315 510.7 60.02 0.984116
20341.0 9849 0 31.221417 9943 ‐5878 13375 511.1 60.02 0.990546
20341.0 9849 0 31.221417 9943 ‐5878 13375 511.1 60.02 0.990546
20341.5 9850 0 31.221212 9934 ‐5759 13275 511 60 0.991544
20342.0 9851 0 31.221212 9992 ‐5511 13112 511 60.02 0.985889
20342.5 9850 0 31.221212 9985 ‐5782 13472 510.9 60.04 0.98648
20343.0 9848 0 31.21957 9954 ‐5903 13300 511.3 60.02 0.989351
20343.5 9848 0 31.219365 9877 ‐5672 13156 511 60.02 0.997064
20344.0 9851 0 31.219365 10016 ‐5564 13199 510.7 60.029 0.983526
20344.5 9849 0 31.219365 9963 ‐5898 13483 510.9 60.029 0.988558
20345.0 9849 0 31.217519 9938 ‐5800 13282 510.8 60.02 0.991044
20345.5 9851 0 31.217519 9968 ‐5605 13148 510.7 60.02 0.988262
176
20346.0 ‐75148 0 31.217519 ‐13183 ‐4567 25830 511 60.02 5.700372
20346.5 ‐75354 0 31.217519 ‐77050 ‐4362 77789 487.4 60.02 0.977988
20347.0 ‐75226 0 31.217519 ‐77800 ‐4271 78117 486.7 60.029 0.966915
20347.5 ‐75088 0 31.217313 ‐77711 ‐4062 78015 486.6 60.029 0.966247
20348.0 ‐74958 0 31.217108 ‐77587 ‐4267 78027 486.8 60.02 0.966115
20348.5 ‐74834 0 31.217108 ‐77402 ‐4325 77813 486.8 60.029 0.966823
20349.0 ‐74717 0 31.215467 ‐77298 ‐4163 77660 486.9 60.029 0.96661
20349.5 ‐74604 0 31.215467 ‐77179 ‐4080 77536 487.1 60.02 0.966636
20350.0 ‐74499 0 31.215467 ‐77116 ‐4345 77609 486.8 60 0.966064
20350.5 ‐74397 0 31.215467 ‐76977 ‐4265 77354 486.9 60.02 0.966483
20351.0 ‐74283 0 31.215672 ‐76875 ‐4101 77188 486.7 60.029 0.966283
20351.5 ‐74193 0 31.215467 ‐76770 ‐4209 77203 487.1 60 0.966432
20352.0 ‐74109 0 31.215467 ‐76680 ‐4350 77155 487.4 59.99 0.966471
20352.5 ‐74029 0 31.215672 ‐76555 ‐4196 76910 487 60.02 0.967004
20353.0 ‐73954 0 31.222994 ‐76474 ‐4018 76830 486.9 60.029 0.967048
20353.5 ‐73883 0 31.223404 ‐76397 ‐4286 76895 487.2 60.02 0.967093
20354.0 ‐73815 0 31.223815 ‐76376 ‐4315 76812 487.6 60 0.966469
20354.5 ‐73752 0 31.22402 ‐76247 ‐4102 76573 487.3 60 0.967277
20355.0 ‐73690 0 31.234484 ‐76191 ‐4154 76597 487 60.029 0.967175
20355.5 ‐73634 0 31.235099 ‐76149 ‐4338 76636 487.6 60 0.966973
20356.0 ‐73567 0 31.235304 ‐76081 ‐4238 76461 487.3 60.02 0.966956
20356.5 ‐73515 0 31.23551 ‐76009 ‐4034 76348 487.4 60.029 0.967188
20357.0 ‐73467 0 31.235715 ‐75971 ‐4193 76421 487.6 60.029 0.96704
20357.5 ‐73420 0 31.236125 ‐75937 ‐4337 76396 487.3 60.02 0.966854
20358.0 ‐73378 0 31.23633 ‐75858 ‐4179 76217 487.3 60.029 0.967307
20358.5 ‐73337 0 31.236536 ‐75837 ‐4067 76213 486.8 60.029 0.967035
20359.0 ‐73297 0 31.242075 ‐75750 ‐4290 76242 487.5 60.02 0.967617
20359.5 ‐73261 0 31.242075 ‐75775 ‐4312 76177 487.3 60.02 0.966823
20360.0 ‐73224 0 31.242486 ‐75686 ‐4058 76005 487.8 60.029 0.967471
20360.5 ‐73192 0 31.242691 ‐75646 ‐4091 76063 487.5 60.04 0.967559
20361.0 ‐73155 0 31.252334 ‐75665 ‐4329 76142 487.3 60.029 0.966827
20361.5 ‐73124 0 31.252744 ‐75568 ‐4265 75915 487.2 60.029 0.967658
20362.0 ‐73098 0 31.253155 ‐75494 ‐4001 75830 487 60.029 0.968262
20362.5 ‐73074 0 31.25336 ‐75572 ‐4246 76071 487 60.04 0.966945
20363.0 ‐73048 0 31.260336 ‐75535 ‐4329 75997 487.2 60.04 0.967075
20363.5 ‐73023 0 31.261156 ‐75442 ‐4121 75782 487.1 60 0.967936
20364.0 ‐73003 0 31.261156 ‐75444 ‐3989 75796 487.1 60.029 0.967645
20364.5 ‐72983 0 31.261567 ‐75433 ‐4323 75932 487 60.029 0.967521
20365.0 ‐72963 0 31.270594 ‐75437 ‐4229 75834 487 60.06 0.967204
20365.5 ‐72942 0 31.27121 ‐75428 ‐4019 75764 487.2 60.02 0.967041
20366.0 ‐72920 0 31.27162 ‐75289 ‐3087 75589 487.3 60.029 0.968535
20366.5 ‐72906 0 31.27162 ‐75357 ‐4320 75842 487.7 60 0.967475
20367.0 ‐72890 0 31.271825 ‐75311 ‐4218 75673 487.3 60.02 0.967853
20367.5 ‐72875 0 31.272441 ‐75334 ‐3949 75673 487 60.02 0.967359
20368.0 ‐72860 0 31.272646 ‐75318 ‐4258 75824 487.6 60 0.967365
20368.5 ‐72844 0 31.272851 ‐75335 ‐4275 75800 487.4 60 0.966934
20369.0 ‐72831 0 31.278801 ‐75228 ‐4120 75586 487 60.04 0.968137
20369.5 ‐72820 0 31.279006 ‐75209 ‐3982 75605 487.4 60.04 0.968235
20370.0 ‐72810 0 31.279006 ‐75252 ‐4226 75758 487.6 60.02 0.967549
20370.5 ‐72798 0 31.279211 ‐75221 ‐4229 75621 487.5 60.029 0.967788
20371.0 ‐72784 0 31.289265 ‐75221 ‐4006 75563 486.4 60.029 0.967602
20371.5 ‐72774 0 31.28988 ‐75229 ‐4153 75697 487.4 60.029 0.967366
20372.0 ‐72764 0 31.290291 ‐75222 ‐4297 75684 487 60.02 0.967323
20372.5 ‐72754 0 31.290291 ‐75223 ‐4170 75578 487 60.02 0.967178
20373.0 ‐72745 0 31.296856 ‐75201 ‐3948 75554 487.4 60.02 0.967341
20373.5 ‐72737 0 31.297882 ‐75132 ‐4169 75628 486.8 60.02 0.968123
20374.0 ‐72733 0 31.298293 ‐75114 ‐4223 75563 487.1 59.97 0.968302
20374.5 ‐72728 0 31.298703 ‐75138 ‐4056 75483 487.3 60.029 0.967926
20375.0 ‐72723 0 31.308628 ‐75126 ‐3984 75507 487.1 60.02 0.968014
20375.5 ‐72718 0 31.309038 ‐75119 ‐4325 75615 487.2 60 0.968037
20376.0 ‐72711 0 31.309243 ‐75145 ‐4188 75518 487.4 60.02 0.967609
20376.5 ‐72706 0 31.309243 ‐75118 ‐3981 75461 487.2 60.02 0.967891
20377.0 ‐72702 0 31.309449 ‐75128 ‐4110 75575 486.8 60.02 0.967708
20377.5 ‐72697 0 31.310064 ‐75131 ‐4249 75601 487.7 60.029 0.967603
20378.0 ‐72691 0 31.310064 ‐75124 ‐4109 75488 487.5 60.04 0.967614
20378.5 ‐72687 0 31.310064 ‐75088 ‐3879 75461 487 60.029 0.968024
20379.0 ‐72682 0 31.316143 ‐75138 ‐4243 75628 487.5 60.029 0.967313
20379.5 ‐72677 0 31.316143 ‐75105 ‐4203 75537 487.2 60.04 0.967672
20380.0 ‐72671 0 31.316553 ‐75128 ‐4037 75452 487.5 60 0.967296
20380.5 ‐72667 0 31.316758 ‐75095 ‐3930 75512 487.6 60.02 0.967668
20381.0 ‐72661 0 31.32585 ‐75143 ‐4253 75638 487.6 59.99 0.96697
20381.5 ‐72656 0 31.32626 ‐75116 ‐4112 75480 487.8 60.029 0.967251
20382.0 ‐72651 0 31.326876 ‐75122 ‐3899 75452 487.2 60 0.967107
20382.5 ‐72646 0 31.327286 ‐75118 ‐4156 75600 487.7 60.02 0.967092
20383.0 ‐72646 0 31.333852 ‐74996 ‐4167 75463 487.3 60 0.968665
20383.5 ‐72647 0 31.334467 ‐75014 ‐4082 75367 487.2 60.02 0.968446
20384.0 ‐72647 0 31.334672 ‐75020 ‐3972 75374 487.6 60.029 0.968368
20384.5 ‐72646 0 31.334878 ‐75048 ‐4243 75545 487.7 60.02 0.967994
20385.0 ‐72647 0 31.345201 ‐75004 ‐4232 75394 487.6 60.02 0.968575
20385.5 ‐72646 0 31.345611 ‐75044 ‐3961 75378 486.8 60.02 0.968045
20386.0 ‐72645 0 31.346021 ‐75000 ‐4059 75408 487.3 60.02 0.9686
20386.5 ‐72645 0 31.346226 ‐75029 ‐4304 75514 487.5 60.02 0.968226
177
20387.0 ‐72646 0 31.346432 ‐74992 ‐4124 75348 487.4 60.02 0.968717
20387.5 ‐72646 0 31.347252 ‐75002 ‐3921 75348 487.2 60.029 0.968588
20388.0 ‐72647 0 31.347252 ‐75016 ‐4150 75507 487.1 60.02 0.96842
20388.5 ‐72647 0 31.347457 ‐75011 ‐4173 75468 487.2 60.02 0.968485
20389.0 ‐72648 0 31.352382 ‐75003 ‐4039 75362 487.1 60 0.968601
20389.5 ‐72647 0 31.352382 ‐75010 ‐3917 75378 487.4 60 0.968498
20390.0 ‐72647 0 31.352382 ‐75056 ‐4196 75555 487.5 60.029 0.967904
20390.5 ‐72645 0 31.352587 ‐75043 ‐4185 75411 487.5 60.029 0.968045
20391.0 ‐72645 0 31.36223 ‐74994 ‐3881 75327 487.8 60.04 0.968677
20391.5 ‐72645 0 31.362435 ‐75018 ‐4031 75442 486.8 60.04 0.968368
20392.0 ‐72645 0 31.362846 ‐75037 ‐4227 75509 487.4 60 0.968122
20392.5 ‐72645 0 31.362846 ‐75001 ‐4099 75360 487.8 60.02 0.968587
20393.0 ‐72646 0 31.370847 ‐75025 ‐3830 75360 487.2 60.029 0.968291
20393.5 ‐72647 0 31.371668 ‐75004 ‐4156 75480 487.7 59.99 0.968575
20394.0 ‐72647 0 31.371873 ‐75016 ‐4172 75462 487.4 60 0.96842
20394.5 ‐72647 0 31.372284 ‐75007 ‐4003 75345 487.4 60.02 0.968536
20395.0 ‐72647 0 31.380901 ‐75038 ‐3956 75436 487.3 60.029 0.968136
20395.5 ‐72647 0 31.381311 ‐75016 ‐4263 75504 487.5 60.02 0.96842
20396.0 ‐72646 0 31.381516 ‐75020 ‐4101 75391 487.2 60.02 0.968355
20396.5 ‐72647 0 31.381721 ‐74994 ‐3878 75328 487.4 60.029 0.968704
20397.0 ‐72647 0 31.381927 ‐75012 ‐4136 75498 487.6 60 0.968472
20397.5 ‐72648 0 31.382747 ‐74999 ‐4254 75467 487.7 60.02 0.968653
20398.0 ‐72648 0 31.382953 ‐74997 ‐4023 75345 487.9 60.02 0.968679
20398.5 ‐72649 0 31.383158 ‐75003 ‐3880 75360 487.8 60.029 0.968615
20399.0 ‐72648 0 31.388838 ‐75050 ‐4206 75547 487.8 60 0.967995
20399.5 ‐72649 0 31.388838 ‐74979 ‐4120 75405 487.7 60.02 0.968925
20400.0 ‐72649 0 31.389043 ‐75013 ‐3921 75345 487.8 60.02 0.968485
20400.5 ‐72650 0 31.389249 ‐74993 ‐3954 75390 487.8 60.04 0.968757
20401.0 ‐72648 0 31.399507 ‐75102 ‐4204 75588 487.6 60.02 0.967324
20401.5 ‐72646 0 31.399918 ‐75028 ‐4101 75381 487.4 60 0.968252
20402.0 ‐72646 0 31.400328 ‐75008 ‐3790 75341 487.7 60.029 0.96851
20402.5 ‐72647 0 31.400328 ‐75038 ‐4051 75515 487.5 60.04 0.968136
20403.0 ‐72647 0 31.405047 ‐75004 ‐4198 75463 488.2 60.02 0.968575
20403.5 ‐72649 0 31.405662 ‐74992 ‐3958 75354 487.3 60 0.968757
20404.0 ‐72649 0 31.405868 ‐75021 ‐3844 75388 487.1 60.029 0.968382
20404.5 ‐72649 0 31.406073 ‐75024 ‐4156 75526 487.7 60.04 0.968343
20405.0 ‐72649 0 31.414702 ‐75012 ‐4092 75400 487.6 60.029 0.968498
20405.5 ‐72649 0 31.415317 ‐74995 ‐3863 75319 487.4 60.02 0.968718
20406.0 ‐72650 0 31.415933 ‐75000 ‐4073 75442 487.1 60.04 0.968667
20406.5 ‐72647 0 31.416138 ‐75121 ‐4147 75609 487.2 60 0.967066
20407.0 ‐72645 0 31.416343 ‐74995 ‐4034 75342 487.2 60.029 0.968665
20407.5 ‐72646 0 31.416754 ‐74986 ‐3841 75351 487.5 60.04 0.968794
20408.0 ‐72647 0 31.416754 ‐74975 ‐4025 75487 487.6 60.029 0.96895
20408.5 ‐72648 0 31.416754 ‐75012 ‐4117 75459 487.3 60.02 0.968485
20409.0 ‐72649 0 31.423935 ‐75003 ‐3926 75344 487.9 60.02 0.968615
20409.5 ‐72648 0 31.423935 ‐75002 ‐3789 75366 488 60.02 0.968614
20410.0 ‐72649 0 31.423935 ‐75026 ‐4118 75523 487.4 60.029 0.968318
20410.5 ‐72649 0 31.42414 ‐75010 ‐4067 75398 488.1 60.02 0.968524
20411.0 ‐72650 0 31.434527 ‐74982 ‐3910 75318 487.8 60 0.968899
20411.5 ‐72649 0 31.435553 ‐75097 ‐3942 75567 488 60.029 0.967402
20412.0 ‐72646 0 31.436169 ‐75039 ‐4172 75504 488.1 60.04 0.96811
20412.6 ‐72645 0 31.436579 ‐75002 ‐3985 75350 487.8 60 0.968574
20413.1 ‐72647 0 31.443145 ‐75000 ‐3795 75351 487.6 60.04 0.968627
20413.6 ‐72648 0 31.44376 ‐74986 ‐4002 75488 487.9 60.02 0.968821
20414.0 ‐72649 0 31.443965 ‐75019 ‐4100 75434 487.6 60.04 0.968408
20414.0 ‐72649 0 31.443965 ‐75019 ‐4100 75434 487.6 60.04 0.968408
20414.5 ‐72649 0 31.44417 ‐74997 ‐3840 75328 487.7 60.04 0.968692
20415.0 ‐72650 0 31.453057 ‐75018 ‐3835 75381 487.2 60.029 0.968434
20415.5 ‐93792 0 31.453468 ‐89559 ‐3722 91964 487.8 60 1.047265
20416.0 ‐93818 0 31.453673 ‐96847 ‐3816 97142 481.1 60.029 0.968724
20416.5 ‐93726 0 31.453878 ‐96768 ‐3075 97038 481 60.02 0.968564
20417.0 ‐93637 0 31.454083 ‐96703 ‐3747 97058 481.4 60.029 0.968295
20417.5 ‐93553 0 31.455314 ‐96610 ‐3827 96967 481.6 60.029 0.968357
20418.0 ‐93472 0 31.455519 ‐96580 ‐3682 96877 481.3 60.06 0.967819
20418.5 ‐93395 0 31.455725 ‐96489 ‐3505 96767 481.4 60.04 0.967934
20419.0 ‐93323 0 31.460238 ‐96437 ‐3866 96847 481.8 60 0.967709
20419.5 ‐93253 0 31.460238 ‐96348 ‐3776 96685 481.4 60.029 0.967877
20420.0 ‐93186 0 31.460649 ‐96273 ‐3586 96523 481.4 60.029 0.967935
20420.5 ‐93112 0 31.460649 ‐96224 ‐3471 96545 481.4 60.04 0.967659
20421.0 ‐93055 0 31.471523 ‐96113 ‐3752 96516 481.5 60.06 0.968183
20421.5 ‐92999 0 31.472139 ‐96034 ‐3736 96335 481.5 60.04 0.968397
20422.0 ‐92949 0 31.472549 ‐96002 ‐3476 96283 481.8 60.04 0.968199
20422.5 ‐92899 0 31.473164 ‐95904 ‐3841 96332 481.6 60.06 0.968667
20423.0 ‐92855 0 31.481166 ‐95893 ‐3779 96284 481.9 60.029 0.968319
20423.5 ‐92810 0 31.482192 ‐95824 ‐3637 96099 482.3 60.029 0.968547
20424.0 ‐92770 0 31.482602 ‐95817 ‐3476 96112 481.9 60.04 0.9682
20424.5 ‐92729 0 31.482808 ‐95814 ‐3700 96218 481.6 60.029 0.967802
20425.0 ‐92691 0 31.494913 ‐95714 ‐3718 96046 482 60.04 0.968416
20425.5 ‐92645 0 31.495733 ‐95704 ‐3535 95963 481.7 60.06 0.968037
20426.0 ‐92611 0 31.496144 ‐95594 ‐3594 95912 481.5 60.06 0.968795
20426.5 ‐92582 0 31.496349 ‐95580 ‐3704 95972 481.5 60.06 0.968634
20427.0 ‐92553 0 31.496554 ‐95570 ‐2604 95876 482 60.04 0.968432
178
20427.5 ‐92524 0 31.49758 ‐95534 ‐3407 95793 481.5 60.029 0.968493
20428.0 ‐92500 0 31.497785 ‐95489 ‐3724 95877 481.7 60.04 0.968698
20428.5 ‐92475 0 31.49799 ‐95510 ‐3794 95870 482 60.06 0.968223
20429.0 ‐92450 0 31.504761 ‐95501 ‐3625 95767 481.5 60.06 0.968053
20429.5 ‐92425 0 31.504966 ‐95400 ‐3456 95689 482 60.04 0.968816
20430.0 ‐92406 0 31.505171 ‐95402 ‐3797 95800 481.7 60.06 0.968596
20430.5 ‐92383 0 31.505377 ‐95381 ‐3615 95685 482.1 60.04 0.968568
20431.0 ‐92364 0 31.518367 ‐95391 ‐3405 95654 481.6 60.06 0.968267
20431.5 ‐92344 0 31.518983 ‐95358 ‐3620 95727 482.1 60.06 0.968393
20432.0 ‐92327 0 31.519393 ‐95305 ‐3754 95693 481.7 60.04 0.968753
20432.5 ‐92312 0 31.519598 ‐95244 ‐3676 95521 481.6 60.04 0.969216
20433.0 ‐92299 0 31.526984 ‐95315 ‐3431 95591 481.7 60.04 0.968358
20433.5 ‐92285 0 31.52801 ‐95265 ‐3725 95678 482 60.029 0.968719
20434.0 ‐92271 0 31.528626 ‐95298 ‐3650 95639 481.3 60.029 0.968236
20434.5 ‐92257 0 31.528831 ‐95272 ‐3513 95535 481.3 60.06 0.968354
20435.0 ‐92242 0 31.541141 ‐95292 ‐3397 95592 481.5 60.06 0.967993
20435.5 ‐92227 0 31.541962 ‐95207 ‐3660 95606 481.2 60.06 0.9687
20436.0 ‐92218 0 31.542372 ‐95166 ‐3590 95451 481.9 60.069 0.969023
20436.5 ‐92209 0 31.542783 ‐95180 ‐3427 95456 481.3 60.04 0.968785
20437.0 ‐92201 0 31.542988 ‐95170 ‐3602 95540 481.6 60.029 0.968803
20437.5 ‐92192 0 31.544014 ‐95177 ‐3764 95553 481.6 60.029 0.968637
20438.0 ‐92183 0 31.544219 ‐95196 ‐3607 95492 481.7 60.04 0.96835
20438.5 ‐92174 0 31.544424 ‐95156 ‐3453 95440 482.2 60.06 0.968662
20439.0 ‐92165 0 31.552156 ‐95227 ‐3695 95621 481.4 60.029 0.967845
20439.5 ‐92155 0 31.552156 ‐95178 ‐3758 95493 482.1 60.029 0.968238
20440.0 ‐92146 0 31.552361 ‐95219 ‐3549 95467 481.7 60.029 0.967727
20440.5 ‐92136 0 31.552566 ‐95065 ‐3533 95385 481.7 60.06 0.96919
20441.0 ‐92133 0 31.564466 ‐95086 ‐3686 95469 482 60.02 0.968944
20441.5 ‐92129 0 31.565082 ‐95074 ‐3611 95353 481.5 60.04 0.969024
20442.0 ‐92126 0 31.565492 ‐95079 ‐3419 95349 481.7 60.06 0.968942
20442.5 ‐92122 0 31.565492 ‐95085 ‐3637 95469 481.5 60.04 0.968838
20443.0 ‐92119 0 31.572058 ‐95047 ‐3676 95411 481.8 60.029 0.969194
20443.5 ‐92116 0 31.572879 ‐95048 ‐3531 95329 481.4 60.04 0.969152
20444.0 ‐92113 0 31.573289 ‐95065 ‐3295 95360 481.5 60.04 0.968948
20444.5 ‐92109 0 31.573699 ‐95085 ‐3668 95468 481.4 60.04 0.968702
20445.0 ‐92106 0 31.585189 ‐95070 ‐3632 95365 481.8 60.04 0.968823
20445.5 ‐92101 0 31.58601 ‐95054 ‐3467 95308 481.6 60.06 0.968933
20446.0 ‐92098 0 31.586625 ‐95066 ‐3393 95416 481.5 60.04 0.96878
20446.5 ‐92094 0 31.587036 ‐95066 ‐3671 95448 481.7 60.04 0.968738
20447.0 ‐92091 0 31.587241 ‐95066 ‐3556 95343 481.8 60.04 0.968706
20447.5 ‐92087 0 31.588472 ‐95085 ‐3445 95354 481.8 60.06 0.96847
20448.0 ‐92084 0 31.588677 ‐95075 ‐3605 95477 481.4 60.04 0.968541
20448.5 ‐92080 0 31.588882 ‐95066 ‐3629 95410 482 60.029 0.96859
20449.0 ‐92077 0 31.598255 ‐95100 ‐3446 95372 481.6 60.04 0.968212
20449.5 ‐92073 0 31.598255 ‐95039 ‐3507 95339 482.1 60.069 0.968792
20450.0 ‐92070 0 31.59846 ‐95133 ‐3669 95516 481.6 60.029 0.967803
20450.5 ‐92064 0 31.59846 ‐95047 ‐3659 95347 481.8 60.06 0.968616
20451.0 ‐92060 0 31.61063 ‐95077 ‐3347 95331 482.1 60.04 0.968268
20451.5 ‐92057 0 31.611451 ‐95058 ‐3626 95448 481.9 60.06 0.96843
20452.0 ‐92054 0 31.611656 ‐95062 ‐3634 95434 482.6 60.029 0.968357
20452.5 ‐92052 0 31.611861 ‐95047 ‐3474 95336 481.8 60.06 0.968489
20453.0 ‐92048 0 31.617606 ‐95069 ‐3320 95350 482.2 60.06 0.968223
20453.5 ‐92047 0 31.618427 ‐94986 ‐3583 95387 482 60.04 0.969059
20454.0 ‐92048 0 31.619043 ‐94982 ‐3669 95324 482.2 60.09 0.96911
20454.5 ‐92048 0 31.619453 ‐94983 ‐3475 95245 481.6 60.04 0.9691
20455.0 ‐92049 0 31.631213 ‐94935 ‐3493 95261 481.8 60.04 0.9696
20455.5 ‐92051 0 31.631828 ‐95064 ‐3618 95453 481.6 60.04 0.968306
20456.0 ‐92048 0 31.632239 ‐95067 ‐3586 95334 482.1 60.06 0.968243
20456.5 ‐92047 0 31.632649 ‐94956 ‐3257 95214 481.6 60.04 0.969365
20457.0 ‐92050 0 31.632854 ‐94966 ‐3478 95345 481.5 60.069 0.969294
20457.5 ‐92049 0 31.634085 ‐95069 ‐3674 95427 481.8 60.02 0.968234
20458.0 ‐92047 0 31.63429 ‐95020 ‐3470 95281 481.6 60.04 0.968712
20458.5 ‐92048 0 31.634495 ‐94939 ‐3225 95226 481.6 60.06 0.969549
20459.0 ‐92049 0 31.643933 ‐95023 ‐3615 95424 481.2 60.02 0.968702
20459.5 ‐92049 0 31.643933 ‐94988 ‐3543 95294 481.8 60.06 0.969059
20460.0 ‐92050 0 31.644139 ‐94998 ‐3364 95254 481.7 60.06 0.968968
20460.5 ‐92048 0 31.644139 ‐95084 ‐3402 95424 481.5 60.029 0.96807
20461.0 ‐92047 0 31.655974 ‐94994 ‐3616 95375 481.4 60.04 0.968977
20461.5 ‐92049 0 31.656589 ‐94947 ‐3508 95230 481.6 60.029 0.969478
20462.0 ‐92051 0 31.657 ‐94975 ‐3274 95238 481.5 60.06 0.969213
20462.5 ‐92050 0 31.657205 ‐95028 ‐3422 95433 482 60.04 0.968662
20463.0 ‐92047 0 31.663565 ‐95071 ‐3509 95421 481.5 60.029 0.968192
20463.5 ‐92048 0 31.664181 ‐94946 ‐3370 95215 481.6 60.06 0.969477
20464.0 ‐92049 0 31.664796 ‐94973 ‐3301 95249 481.8 60.06 0.969212
20464.5 ‐92051 0 31.665207 ‐95009 ‐3591 95431 481.5 60.02 0.968866
20465.0 ‐92046 0 31.677042 ‐95078 ‐3535 95372 482 60.029 0.96811
20465.5 ‐92045 0 31.678067 ‐94989 ‐3305 95241 481.6 60.04 0.969007
20466.0 ‐92046 0 31.678067 ‐94957 ‐3350 95282 481.6 60.04 0.969344
20466.5 ‐92046 0 31.678273 ‐94998 ‐3660 95375 481.5 60.02 0.968926
20467.0 ‐92047 0 31.678888 ‐94982 ‐3354 95247 481.7 60.04 0.969099
20467.5 ‐92048 0 31.679709 ‐94958 ‐3241 95232 482 60.04 0.969355
20468.0 ‐92050 0 31.679914 ‐94976 ‐3447 95356 481.5 60.029 0.969192
179
180
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Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

Thesis Supervisor: James L. Kirtley Supervisor

3 Centralization of Electric Network (Local) 35

4 Centralization of Electronic Network 63

5 System Modeling and Operation Analysis 101

6 Conclusion and Future Work 133

A System Modeling 135

B Operation Data of Stone Edge Farm Micro-Grid Site 139

1-1 Classification of EV. ICEV - Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle, HEV

1-3 Relative Emission of ICEV vs PEV on Percentage Scale, date used

1-4 Energy efficiency of EV vs Conventional ICEV without renewable sources,

1-5 Hybrid EV Architecture. Picture Sourced from Our Paper [1]. P -

1-7 Future Wireless Charging for Electronics Network. Pictures Sourced

2-2 Solar-Powered EV Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

2-3 Comparison of Technical Structure in Solar-Powered EV Network. . . 30

2-4 Benchmark Comparison of WPT Technologies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

2-5 Electronic Network Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

3-1 Circuit Diagram of Bi-Directional EV Charger. PFC - Power Factor

3-2 Power-flow diagram of the SiC bidirectional charger. . . . . . . . . . . 39

3-3 Space Vector Diagram Representing All Possible Switch Combinations.

3-4 Diagram of Duty Cycle For All Six Switches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

3-6 Symmetric (Discontinuous) SVPWM where D reaches both 0 and 1,

3-7 Control diagram of the three-phase boost-type PFC rectifier. . . . . . 42

3-8 DC/DC converter control diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

3-10 Matlab Simulation Waveforms of each LLC converter mode in G2V

3-12 Graph of Semiconductor Materials. Sourced from UnitedSiC. . . . . . 50

4-1 Circuit Model of STSR System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

A-1 Mathematical Representation of the Collected Data. . . . . . . . . . . 135

3.1 Material Properties. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

4.1 Benchmark Comparison. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

5.1 Overview of Solar Planets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110

Subsequent papers [34–44] investigated this approach, especially strengthening the

To overcome these addressed issues above, we developed a novel uniform wireless

2.1 System Overview - Hybrid AC-DC Architecture

A complete structure of the local (residential) system in Chapter 1 is described in

2.2 Electric Network

Figure 2-2: Solar-Powered EV Network.

(a) Traditional Structure of Solar-Powered EV Network in [63–69].

(b) Proposed Structure of Solar-Powered EV Network.

Figure 2-3: Comparison of Technical Structure in Solar-Powered EV Network.

2.3 Electronic Network

Figure 2-5: Electronic Network Diagram.

Centralization of Electric Network

Centralization is to create a centralized structure of the system by using a power hub

3.1 Smart Hub - Bi-Directional EV Charger

Figure 3-1: Circuit Diagram of Bi-Directional EV Charger. PFC - Power Factor

3.1.1 Operation Principles of Bi-Directional Power Flow

0. Principle of Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM).

Figure 3-4: Diagram of Duty Cycle For All Six Switches.

Figure 3-7: Control diagram of the three-phase boost-type PFC rectifier.

Figure 3-8: DC/DC converter control diagram.

A1. DCMB1 Mode (𝑓 < 𝑓𝑟 )

A3. CCMB Mode ( f < f𝑟 )

Table 3.1: Material Properties.

Materials Property Si SiC GaN

Considering the system parameters on voltage(380V AC), power (10kW), and

Figure 3-13: Feature summary of Si-SiC-GaN semiconductor materials. This picture