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    Bone Abdallah

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    عبدالله بدران
    Bone health is important for support, organ protection and movement. Osteoporosis is a common disease characterized by low bone density and fragility, affecting many post-menopausal women. Risk factors include genetics, age, hormones, diet, inactivity, smoking and medications. Prevention focuses on calcium/vitamin D intake, exercise and lifestyle changes while treatment includes medications to prevent fractures and improve quality of life. Regular testing helps detect and treat bone issues early.

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    Bone Abdallah

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    عبدالله بدران
    13 views2 pages
    Bone health is important for support, organ protection and movement. Osteoporosis is a common disease characterized by low bone density and fragility, affecting many post-menopausal women. Risk factors include genetics, age, hormones, diet, inactivity, smoking and medications. Prevention focuses on calcium/vitamin D intake, exercise and lifestyle changes while treatment includes medications to prevent fractures and improve quality of life. Regular testing helps detect and treat bone issues early.

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    Bone health is important for support, organ protection and movement. Osteoporosis is a common disease characterized by low bone density and fragility, affecting many post-menopausal women. Risk factors include genetics, age, hormones, diet, inactivity, smoking and medications. Prevention focuses on calcium/vitamin D intake, exercise and lifestyle changes while treatment includes medications to prevent fractures and improve quality of life. Regular testing helps detect and treat bone issues early.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    13 views2 pages

    Bone Abdallah

    Uploaded by

    عبدالله بدران
    Bone health is important for support, organ protection and movement. Osteoporosis is a common disease characterized by low bone density and fragility, affecting many post-menopausal women. Risk factors include genetics, age, hormones, diet, inactivity, smoking and medications. Prevention focuses on calcium/vitamin D intake, exercise and lifestyle changes while treatment includes medications to prevent fractures and improve quality of life. Regular testing helps detect and treat bone issues early.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Introduction: Bone health is an important aspect of overall health and well-being, as

    bones provide support, protect internal organs, and enable movement. Adequate intake
    of calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus through diet or supplements, combined with
    regular weight-bearing exercise, can help maintain bone density and prevent age-related
    bone loss. Regular bone density testing and early intervention can also help prevent and
    treat bone-related issues, such as osteoporosis

    Osteoporosis, a common age-related disease, is characterized by low bone


    density, increased bone fragility, and susceptibility to fractures. Osteoporosis is a
    significant public health concern worldwide, affecting millions of individuals,
    particularly women over the age of 50. This article provides an overview of bone
    health and osteoporosis, including risk factors, prevention, and treatment.

    Risk Factors: Several risk factors contribute to the development of osteoporosis,


    including genetics, gender, age, hormonal changes, diet, physical inactivity,
    smoking, and certain medications. Women are at a higher risk of developing
    osteoporosis than men due to hormonal changes during menopause.
    Additionally, certain medications such as glucocorticoids and anticonvulsants can
    increase the risk of osteoporosis.

    Osteoporosis can be diagnosed through several methods, including:

    1. Bone density test: A dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan


    measures bone mineral density and predicts the risk of fracture. This test
    compares bone density to that of a young healthy adult and gives a T-
    score, which is used to determine whether a person has normal bone
    density, low bone mass (osteopenia), or osteoporosis.
    2. Blood and urine tests: These tests can check for other conditions that may
    contribute to bone loss, such as hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency,
    or kidney disease.
    3. Medical history and physical exam: A thorough examination can help
    identify risk factors for osteoporosis, such as family history, medication
    use, smoking, and alcohol consumption.

    Prevention: Prevention of osteoporosis includes a combination of lifestyle


    modifications and medications. Adequate calcium and vitamin D intake through
    diet or supplements are crucial for bone health. Exercise, particularly weight-
    bearing and resistance training, can also help maintain bone density and
    strength. Smoking cessation and limiting alcohol intake are also important to
    reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
    Treatment: The primary goals of osteoporosis treatment are to prevent fractures,
    relieve pain, and improve quality of life. Medications used in the treatment of
    osteoporosis include bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators
    (SERMs), and monoclonal antibodies. Additionally, calcium and vitamin D
    supplementation may be recommended. Regular exercise, particularly weight-
    bearing and resistance training, can also help maintain bone density and
    strength.

    Conclusion: Bone health is a critical aspect of overall health and well-being.


    Osteoporosis, a common age-related disease, is characterized by low bone
    density, increased bone fragility, and susceptibility to fractures. Several risk
    factors contribute to the development of osteoporosis, including genetics,
    gender, age, hormonal changes, diet, physical inactivity, smoking, and certain
    medications. Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis include a combination of
    lifestyle modifications and medications.

    References:

    1. NIH Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases National Resource Center.


    What is Osteoporosis? [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): NIH Osteoporosis and
    Related Bone Diseases National Resource Center; 2021 [cited 2023 Mar
    19]. Available from:
    https://www.bones.nih.gov/health-info/bone/osteoporosis/overview
    2. Cosman F, de Beur SJ, LeBoff MS, Lewiecki EM, Tanner B, Randall S, et al.
    Clinician's guide to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Osteoporos
    Int. 2014 Oct;25(10):2359-2381. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-014-2794-2.
    3. Weaver CM, Alexander DD, Boushey CJ, Dawson-Hughes B, Lappe JM,
    LeBoff MS, et al. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and risk of
    fractures: an updated meta-analysis from the National Osteoporosis
    Foundation. Osteoporos Int. 2016 Jan;27(1):367-376. DOI: 10.1007/s00198-
    015-3386-5.
    4. Cummings SR, San Martin J, McClung MR, Siris ES, Eastell R, Reid IR, et al.
    Denosumab for prevention of fractures in postmenopausal women with
    osteoporosis. N Engl J Med. 2009 Aug 20;361(8):756-765. DOI:
    10.1056/NEJMoa0809493.

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