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    Week 3

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    Nisal Karunathilake
    A confidence interval gives a range of values for a population parameter that the parameter will fall within 100(1-α)% of the time. The formula for a confidence interval is statistic ± margin of error at 100(1-α)% confidence level. This document provides the standard errors needed to calculate confidence intervals for common statistics like the sample mean, proportion, difference in means, and difference in proportions. It also provides the formula to calculate a 95% confidence interval for the population variance using the sample variance from 17 experimental units with a sample standard deviation of 137324.3.

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    Week 3

    Uploaded by

    Nisal Karunathilake
    21 views2 pages
    A confidence interval gives a range of values for a population parameter that the parameter will fall within 100(1-α)% of the time. The formula for a confidence interval is statistic ± margin of error at 100(1-α)% confidence level. This document provides the standard errors needed to calculate confidence intervals for common statistics like the sample mean, proportion, difference in means, and difference in proportions. It also provides the formula to calculate a 95% confidence interval for the population variance using the sample variance from 17 experimental units with a sample standard deviation of 137324.3.

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    A confidence interval gives a range of values for a population parameter that the parameter will fall within 100(1-α)% of the time. The formula for a confidence interval is statistic ± margin of error at 100(1-α)% confidence level. This document provides the standard errors needed to calculate confidence intervals for common statistics like the sample mean, proportion, difference in means, and difference in proportions. It also provides the formula to calculate a 95% confidence interval for the population variance using the sample variance from 17 experimental units with a sample standard deviation of 137324.3.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    21 views2 pages

    Week 3

    Uploaded by

    Nisal Karunathilake
    A confidence interval gives a range of values for a population parameter that the parameter will fall within 100(1-α)% of the time. The formula for a confidence interval is statistic ± margin of error at 100(1-α)% confidence level. This document provides the standard errors needed to calculate confidence intervals for common statistics like the sample mean, proportion, difference in means, and difference in proportions. It also provides the formula to calculate a 95% confidence interval for the population variance using the sample variance from 17 experimental units with a sample standard deviation of 137324.3.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    23

    MA 3014 – S3 (’20 Batch) - 2022

    Confidence Intervals

    A confidence interval will give you a range of values for a given population parameter, within which the
    parameter falls in 100(1-α)% of the time.

    In general a Confidence Interval (CI) is

    𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒊𝒄 ± 𝒎𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒐𝒓 𝒂𝒕 𝟏𝟎𝟎(𝟏 − 𝜶)% 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒇𝒊𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒍𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒍

    Confidence interval for mean and variance

    The following table includes the standard errors of some statistics to help you in finding the confidence
    intervals for the respective population parameters.

    Statistic Standard Error (SE)

    Sample mean, 𝑥 s/√n

    Sample proportion, p √ [ p(1 - p) / n ]

    Difference between means, 𝑥̅ − 𝑥̅ √ [ s21 / n1 + s22 / n2 ]

    Difference between proportions, p1 - p2 √ [ p1(1-p1) / n1 + p2(1-p2) / n2 ]

    𝟏𝟎𝟎(𝟏 − 𝜶)% confidence interval for population mean (µ)

    𝒙 ± 𝒁𝜶 (𝑺𝑬)
    𝟐

    Margin of Error

    𝟏𝟎𝟎(𝟏 − 𝜶)% confidence interval for population proportion of success (P)

    𝒑 ± 𝒁𝜶 (𝑺𝑬)
    𝟐
    24

    MA 3014 – S3 (’20 Batch) - 2022


    𝟏𝟎𝟎(𝟏 − 𝜶)% confidence interval for population variance(𝝈𝟐 )

    You know that;

    (𝑛 − 1)𝑠 (𝑛 − 1)𝑠
    𝐶ℎ𝑖 − 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐 = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ~𝜒2( )
    𝜎 𝜎

    (𝑛 − 1)𝑠
    Thus, 𝜒2 / ,( ) ≤ ≤ 𝜒2 / ,( )
    𝜎

    = 𝜒2 1
    ,( )/ (𝑛 − 1)𝑠 ≤
    𝜎
    ≤ 𝜒2 ,( ) /(𝑛 − 1)𝑠

    = (𝑛 − 1)𝑠 /𝜒2 ,( ) ≤ 𝜎 ≤ (𝑛 − 1)𝑠 /𝜒2 ,( )

    Computational Exercise

    Breakdown voltage is a characteristic of an insulator that defines the maximum voltage difference that
    can be applied across the material before the insulator collapses and conducts. In solid insulating
    materials, this usually creates a weakened path within the material by creating permanent molecular or
    physical changes by the sudden current. Within rarefied gases found in certain types of lamps,
    breakdown voltage is also sometimes called the "striking voltage". [Wikipedia]
    The breakdown voltage of a material is observed on 17 experimental units as it is not a definite value
    because it is a form of failure. Thus we have n = 17 and 𝑠 = 137324:3. Find the 95% confidence interval
    for 𝜎 , to describe more about the population variance (variance of the breakdown voltage of the
    material)?

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