EAPP REVIEWER: TEXT STRUCTURE

WEEK 1 Cause and Effect

Academic Text • Is an analytical mode of paragraph development
that attempts to show how events are influenced by
• Are critical, objective, specialized text written by or caused by others the linkage of causation.
experts or professionals in a given field using • Cause and Effect signal words: Cause, effect, as
formal language. a result, consequently, therefore, because of, since
influence by, in order to, so, because of and
Non-academic Text brought about by.
• Usually includes one’s opinions and point of view.
Chronological Order
Structure of academic text:
I. Academic Text • Is also called sequence or time order.
1. Introduction • Chronological order signal words: first, next,
2. Body later, then, after, before, meanwhile, at the same
3. Conclusion time, following. Finally, at last, in the end, on
(date), at (time)
II. Academic Writing is a process of that starts
with: Compare and Contrast
1. Posing a question
• In a compare and contrast paragraph, you write
2. Problematizing a concept
3. Evaluating an opinion about the similarities and differences between two
4. Answering the question/questions posed or; or more people, places, things, or ideas.
5. Clarifying the problem or Problem-solution
6. Arguing for a stand
• A problem-solution paragraph has three main
III. Academic Writing vs Non-academic parts. The topic sentence introduces the solution to
Writing a problem. The body sentences explain the
Academic Non-academic problem and solution. The ending sentence calls
Reader Academicians Family and readers to action.
friends
Content Serious thought Conversational WEEK 3
Style ( Complex Mostly simple
sentence sentences and compound Outlining
construction) showing sentences joined
• Outlining is a tool we use in the writing process to
considerate by construction
variety in such as and or help organize our ideas, visualize our paper's
construction but potential structure, and to further flesh out and
Organization Clear and well- Less likely to be develop points.
planned clear and • An outline is a blueprint or plan of your paper
organized • It is a way of formally arranging and developing
Grammar Likely to be May not always your ideas
error free use complete • It shows the order of the various topics and the
sentences relationship between the various parts
Vocabulary Technical and Use short
academic forms, idioms Five Steps to a strong outline:
language used and colloquial
accurately language 1. Choose Your Topic and Establish Your Purpose
2. Create A List Of Main Ideas
IV. Features of academic text: 3. Organize Your Main Ideas
1. Formality (use one word ex: very beautiful = 4. Flush Out Your Main Points
gorgeous) 5. Review and Adjust
2. Explicitness (clear or detailed)
3. Objectivity ( avoid emotive words & personal KIND OF OUTLINING:
pronouns) • Topical Outline - It arranges your ideas
4. Caution ( careful manners)
hierarchically in the sequence you want, and
WEEK 2 shows what you will talk about. It is made up of
single words or phrases. It is used to organize
 material according to topics or subtopics or C. Critical assessments, evaluations, or analyses of
subjects. It is used to show what topics are different works.
covered, the relationships between the topics, and D. Critique paper
the importance of the ideas in the order they were 1. Are not summaries.
covered in the original material. 2. Does not merely rely on opinions.
• Descriptive Outline - It is more detailed and 3. Are not cynicism and pessimism.
requires more explanation. It is used to fully II. Approaches in writing a Critique
organize your reading material. An effective
Critical Approaches
approach to ensure that your paper is organized
and to identify gaps in the writing or areas of • Are different perspectives we consider in looking
superfluous material. at a piece of literature.
Summarizing A. Formalism
• It involves condensing the text into a shorter form. B. Psychological/ psychoanalytic approach
It involves getting only the most important parts of
the material. It is a short account of the central C. FEMINIST APPROACH
ideas of a text. D. MARXIST APPROACH
Summaries are NOT a place for: E. READER RESPONSE CRITICISM
1. Opinion III. Other Critical Approaches:
2. Background knowledge a. Biographical criticism
3. Personal Information b. Gender criticism
Types of Summary: c. Historical criticism
d. Mythological criticism
1. MAIN POINT SUMMARY - A main point e. Post-colonial criticism
summary reads much like an article abstract, f. Post-modern criticism
giving the most important "facts" of the text. g. Structuralism
2. KEY POINT SUMMARY - Includes the reasons
and evidence (key points) the author uses to THE FOUR STEPS IN WRITING A CRITIQUE
support the text's main idea. PAPER
3. OUTLINE SUMMARY - This type of summary 1. Introduce the discussion topic (to capture the
mimics the structure of the text being summarized. author’s idea, you may apply the 5Ws and IH
Formats of Summarizing: approach in writing your technical report).
• It should be able to answer the Why, When,
1. MAIN IDEA HEADING FORMAT - In this Where, What, Who, and How questions.
format, the summarized idea comes before the • Using this approach prevents missing out on the
citation. essential details.
2. AUTHOR HEADING FORMAT - In this 2. Analyze (to break down the abstract ideas
format, the summarized idea comes after the presented into manageable bits. What are the main
citation. The author/s name/s is/are connected by points of the composition? How was it structured?
an approriate reporting verb. • Ask yourself what your objective is in writing the
3. DATE HEADING FORMAT - In this format, the critique paper.
summarized idea comes after the date when the • Find out the source, or basis, of the information
material was published. that you need.
WEEK 5 • Remove unnecessary information from your data
source.
I. Reaction papers, reviews, critiques 3. Interpret state the significance or importance of
A. These are specialized forms of writing in which a each part of the text.
reviewer or reader evaluates any of the following; 4. Evaluate make a judgment of the work’s worth or
1. Scholarly work value.
2. Designs
3. A work of art WEEK 6
4. Graphic designs CONCEPT PAPER
B. Usually composed of 250 to 750 words.
• An idea of what something is or how it works.
• All research projects need a concept paper. • It is an essay that usually needs the author to
compare two subjects that have some relation in
PARTS OF CONCEPT PAPER:
terms of similarities and differences. It will also
• INTRODUCTION - (significant details of the require you to defend your claims of commonality
product; why the product is needed). and difference.
• OBJECTIVES - (goals and purposes). III. CONSTRUCTIVE WRITING
• RATIONALE - (advantages). • Usually involves an analysis and evaluation of
• TERMS & CONDITIONS - (specific agreement: particularly relevant and influential work in order
particular - general). to elucidate or advance our own position, carefully
• RECOMMENDATIONS - (improve). supporting our position with argument, and
responding to actual or potential objections. It
CONCEPT PAPER FORMAT: subtly and artfully persuades readers to accept
your particular perspective.
I. Activity Title
II. Classification HOW TO WRITE A POSITION PAPER:
III. Rationale
IV. Objectives • A typical structure of a position paper includes
V. Date & Time three essential parts: Introduction, body, and
VI. Venue conclusion.
VII. Participants INTRODUCTI BODY CONCLUSI
VIII. Methodology ON ON
IX. Working Committee It can make the It shows the It should
X. Resources Needed reader or reader that you summarize
XI. Budget Needed audience either were not your key
dismissive or biased in your points and let
WEEK 7 interested to considerations the audience
POSITION PAPER know more. and, ultimately, in a
gives you a conference
• A kind of academic writing in which the student better shot at know where
researches a controversial issue and writes a paper convincing you stand.
that explains his/her stand or viewpoint on it. them.
Begin with a few the number of Restate your
Main Goal opening arguments thesis at the
sentences that backing your beginning of
• The main goal of a position paper is to take part in capture their position should the conclusion
the larger debate on the issue by stating and attention. be more than along with the
supporting your opinion or recommended course counterargume key-points
of action. nts summary.
It should inform The stand
KINDS OF POSITION PAPER: your reader must always
I. EXPOSITIVE WRITING about the issue come out
you have chosen. clearly before
• Involves arguing for or against a certain
you wrap up.
interpretation of that philosopher’s ideas by WEEK 8
showing that this interpretation is more or less
consistent with other writings by the same WHAT IS RESEARCH METHODOLOGY?
philosopher, entails consequences which the
philosopher would or would not be willing to • A description of how exactly you conducted your
accept, etc. research. This part is critical because it allows
other researchers to see exactly how you
• The key to the understanding of the expository
conducted your research.
essay essence lies in the term itself. Writing this
type of paper, you should study an idea or problem HOW TO WRITE THE METHODOLOGY?
and “expose” what you have learned, developing a
thoughtful argument. 1. Describe what you did and how you did it. The
II. COMPARATIVE WRITING interested reader should be able to repeat the study
• Comparative means the one aimed to measure or from the account provided.
judge subjects based on their similarities and 2. Be concise, precise, and logical in your writing.
differences to each other. 3. Use the past tense in writing the methods section.
4. Provide enough detail to enable the reader to make
an informed assessment of the methods used in
obtaining the results in relation with the research
problem.
5. Design
6. Participants
• The total number of participants.
• The major demographic characteristics of the
participants (such as age and sex).
• The way the participants were selected must be
reported.
7. Procedure
8. Statistical Treatment It gives the reader the
information on how the collected data will be
analyzed using specific numerical functions.