UNBFAC Student Handbook en

UN Buddy First Aid Course (UNBFAC)
Student Handbook
United Nations
United Nations Buddy First Aid Course (UNBFAC) – Version 1.1 2018 1
CONTENTS
Description Page Number(s)

Introduction 3
Teaching Objectives
Module 1 – Understanding Medical Capabilities 4
Module 2 – Assessing and Controlling a Scene 6
Module 3 – M -Controlling Massive Bleeding 10
Module 4 – A - Airway Management 16
Module 5 – R - Respiration and Chest Assessment 18
Module 6 – C - Circulation Assessment 22
Module 7 – H - Heat and Cold Injuries 26
Module 8 - Casualty Management & Pre-Evacuation Care 30
2 United Nations Buddy First Aid Course (UNBFAC) – Version 1.1 2018
INTRODUCTION
This workbook is designed to help the United Nation Buddy First Aid Student in attending the casualty and
preventing the deterioration of the patient within the remit of the UNBAFC trained rescuer.
The treatment pictograms are designed around the ‘MARCH’ system of casualty care.
M – Massive Bleed
A – Airway
R – Respiration
C – Circulation
H – Heat/Cold Injuries
This handbook will assist the student in achieving a positive outcome for the casualty. It is to be used in
treating injuries to the casualty in the immediate period following the incident; these will be the most life-
threatening injuries. The complicated injuries that are beyond the scope of the UNBFAC trained rescuer or
long-term definitive care need to be treated by a trained medical professional.
MODULE 1
Understanding Medical Capabilities
Goal: Define the trainee’s role in providing first aid

and the Medical Evacuation Chain.
Time: 45 minutes
Venue: Classroom environment
Method: Theory Lecture
Student Ratio 1:10
Teaching By the end of this session, trainees will be able to:

Objectives
a. Explain the role of a ‘First Aider’.
b. Identify the major causes of preventable death.
c. Define the various levels of pre-hospital emergency medicine.
d. Explain the 10:1:2 Principle as they relate to medical treatment timelines
e. Discuss first aid as it relates to the tactical environment.
f. Define the various levels of Medical Treatment Facility within the UN
Evacuation System.
The “10:1:2 Doctrine” for Trauma Care
The survival chain in line with this timeline is described as follows:
10. Represents the recommended maximum time, in minutes, to provide the necessary immediate
lifesaving measures after the onset of injury/illness. This is often referred to as the ‘Platinum 10
minutes’
1. Represents the recommended maximum time that necessary damage control resuscitation
procedures are provided by emergency medical personnel. This should be completed within 1 hour of
the onset of injury/illness and is often referred to as the ‘Golden hour’
2. Represents the recommended maximum time that necessary Damage Control Surgery (DCS) is
provided. This should start within 2 hours of the injury/illness.
Notes
MODULE 2
Assessing and Controlling a Scene
Goal: Define the trainee’s role in Assessing and Controlling an incident.

Time: 45 minutes
Venue: Classroom & Practical Training Area
Student Ratio 1:10

Objectives
a. Define SCENE management
b. Demonstrate use of PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)
c. Initiate an emergency alert (LIAR).
d. Explain the need for a thorough full body check of the casualty.
e. Explain the systematic approach to casualty care using the MARCH acronym.
f. Explain the assessment of a casualty’s response using AVPU
This drill should be learned and remembered: if you need to

read a guidance whilst under fire your training has failed
All personnel (including casualties where able)

to return and maintain fire to suppress the enemy
Only casualty in
Both medic and
the open:
casualty in the open
medic in cover
Deploy smoke If casualty unable to

upwind if available return effective fire, tell
them to lie as still as
possible
Consider:
Plan rescue,
• Tourniquet for considering:
catastrophic
haemorrhage • Support from
• Roll casualty face friendly forces
down (postural • Use of vehicles
airway opening) • Use of smoke
until ready to move • Best use of cover
• Use of rope line
• Quickest route
Evacuate to cover
Notes
S
C
E
N
E
4
Liner LIAR
MASSIVE
HYPO-
THERMIA/ AIRWAY
HEAD
CIRCULATION RESPIRATION
PHYSICAL SEARCH
OF THE ENTIRE BODY
Notes
MODULE 3
Controlling Massive Bleeding
Goal: Demonstrate the treatment of a Massive Bleeding

Time: 60 minutes
Student Ratio 1:10

Objectives a. Identify the parts of the arterial tourniquet
b. Prepare and store a tourniquet effectively for 1-handed technique
c. Apply a tourniquet using 1-handed technique (self-application)
d. Apply a tourniquet to a casualty using 2-handed technique
e. Apply an effective improvised windlass tourniquet
f. Demonstrate packing a wound cavity to the bone
g. Apply direct pressure for a minimum of 5 minutes
Label parts of the Tourniquet
DO DONT
OR
ONE-HANDED APPLICATION Insert the injured TWO-HANDED APPLICATION Route the band
limb through the loop in the band and position around the limb, pass the tip through the slit of
it 2-3” above the bleeding site directly to the the buckle, and position it above the bleeding
skin. site directly to the skin.
Pull band tightly and fasten it back on itself all Twist the rod until bleeding has stopped.
the way around the limb, but not over the rod
clips. Band should be tight enough that tips of
three (3) fingers cannot be slid between the
band and the limb. If the tips of three (3) fingers
slide under band, re-tighten and re-secure.
Secure the rod inside a clip to lock it in place. Route the band between the clips and over
Check for bleeding and distal pulse. If bleeding the rod. Secure rod and band with TIME strap.
is not controlled, or distal pulse is present, Record time of application.
consider additional tightening or applying a
second above and side-by-side to the first.
Reassess.
Notes
Notes
MODULE 4
Airway Management
Goal: Demonstrate Airway Management

Time: 60 minutes
Student Ratio 1:10

Objectives a. Explain the primary cause of upper airway compromise.
b. Explain the importance of rapid treatment/evacuation of suspected
Airway Burn.
c. Demonstrate the Head Tilt/Chin Lift technique on an unconscious
casualty.
d. Demonstrate the Sit up and Forward’ position on a conscious casualty.
e. Demonstrate the Recovery Position on an unconscious, breathing
casualty.
Notes
MODULE 5
Respiration and Chest Assessment
Goal: Demonstrate the assessment and treatment of Chest injuries

Time: 60 minutes
Student Ratio 1:10

Objectives a. Describe the mechanism of breathing.
b. Explain the signs and symptoms of an open chest wound.
c. Demonstrate the full chest assessment (Including back of casualty).
d. Prepare an occlusive dressing and apply after forceful exhalation of the
casualty (if possible).
e. Demonstrate use of Chest Seal/Improvised 3-sided ﬂutter valve.
f. Discuss the treatment of multiple chest wounds.
g. Discuss monitoring of the casualty
Notes
Notes
MODULE 6
Circulation Assessment
Goal: Demonstrate the treatment of other bleeding and abdominal wounds

Time: 60 minutes
Student Ratio 1:10

Objectives a. Explain the requirement to revisit tourniquets and massive bleeds.
b. Describe the three main types of bleeding (Arterial/Venous/Capillary).
c. Demonstrate a rapid assessment for bleeding (Full Body Check).
d. Demonstrate the correct application of a wound dressing.
e. Explain the need to support foreign objects or protruding bone.
f. Explain treatment for abdominal wounds including protruding organs.
g. Demonstrate application of emergency pressure bandage, including to the
head.
h. Discuss the signs, symptoms and management of a casualty suffering from
shock.
Notes
Notes
MODULE 7
Heat and Cold Injuries
Goal: Demonstrate the treatment of Climatic injuries

Time: 45 minutes
Student Ratio 1:10

Objectives a. Discuss the normal heat range of the body.
b. Define Hypothermia.
c. Define Hyperthermia.
d. State the signs and symptoms of heat cramps/heat exhaustion and heat
stroke.
e. Discuss the importance of hydration and electrolyte replacement.
f. Identify and treat a patient with severe hypothermia.
g. Identify and treat a patient with severe hyperthermia.
Warm, flushed skin Very high fever Headache

of 41°C
Dizziness & Unconsciousness Nausea & Vomiting

confusion
Uncontrolled Intense shivering Mental Loss of

breathing confusion coordination
Cold & blue skin irregular Weak pulse Enlarged

heartbeat pupils
Notes
Notes
MODULE 8
Casualty Management
and Pre-Evacuation Care
Goal: Demonstrate Casualty Management and Pre-Evacuation Care
Time: 45 minutes
Student Ratio 1:10

Objectives a. Demonstrate safe techniques for moving casualties:
• One/Two Person
• Kings Throne
• Hasty Harness
• Fireman’s Carry
b. Explain the need to complete a secondary survey of the casualty if not
evacuated immediately.
c. Explain the need to repeat the AVPU assessment.
d. Discuss the next stage of patient care and the patient care pathway.
The
patient
is awake
The patient
responds to
verbal stimulation
The patient
responds to
painful stimulation
The patient
is completely
unresponsive
Notes

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UN Buddy First Aid Course (UNBFAC)

Description Page Number(s)

Module 1 – Understanding Medical Capabilities 4

Module 2 – Assessing and Controlling a Scene 6

Module 3 – M -Controlling Massive Bleeding 10

Module 4 – A - Airway Management 16

Module 5 – R - Respiration and Chest Assessment 18

Module 6 – C - Circulation Assessment 22

Module 7 – H - Heat and Cold Injuries 26

Module 8 - Casualty Management & Pre-Evacuation Care 30

Goal: Define the trainee’s role in providing first aid

Venue: Classroom environment

Method: Theory Lecture

Student Ratio 1:10

Teaching By the end of this session, trainees will be able to:

The “10:1:2 Doctrine” for Trauma Care

The survival chain in line with this timeline is described as follows:

Goal: Define the trainee’s role in Assessing and Controlling an incident.

Venue: Classroom & Practical Training Area

Method: Theory Lecture

Student Ratio 1:10

Teaching By the end of this session, trainees will be able to:

This drill should be learned and remembered: if you need to

All personnel (including casualties where able)

Deploy smoke If casualty unable to

Goal: Demonstrate the treatment of a Massive Bleeding

Venue: Classroom & Practical Training Area

Method: Theory Lecture

Student Ratio 1:10

Teaching By the end of this session, trainees will be able to:

Label parts of the Tourniquet

Goal: Demonstrate Airway Management

Venue: Classroom & Practical Training Area

Method: Theory Lecture

Student Ratio 1:10

Teaching By the end of this session, trainees will be able to:

Goal: Demonstrate the assessment and treatment of Chest injuries

Venue: Classroom & Practical Training Area

Method: Theory Lecture

Student Ratio 1:10

Teaching By the end of this session, trainees will be able to:

Goal: Demonstrate the treatment of other bleeding and abdominal wounds

Venue: Classroom & Practical Training Area

Method: Theory Lecture

Student Ratio 1:10

Teaching By the end of this session, trainees will be able to:

Goal: Demonstrate the treatment of Climatic injuries

Venue: Classroom & Practical Training Area

Method: Theory Lecture

Student Ratio 1:10

Teaching By the end of this session, trainees will be able to:

Warm, flushed skin Very high fever Headache

Dizziness & Unconsciousness Nausea & Vomiting

Uncontrolled Intense shivering Mental Loss of

Cold & blue skin irregular Weak pulse Enlarged

Venue: Classroom & Practical Training Area

Method: Theory Lecture

Student Ratio 1:10

Teaching By the end of this session, trainees will be able to: